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Randall MP, Egolf LE, Vaksman Z, Samanta M, Tsang M, Groff D, Evans JP, Rokita JL, Layeghifard M, Shlien A, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Bosse KR. BARD1 germline variants induce haploinsufficiency and DNA repair defects in neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:138-148. [PMID: 37688570 PMCID: PMC10777668 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma is a complex genetic disease that is lethal in more than 50% of patients despite intense multimodal therapy. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing, we have identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms and rare, pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline loss-of-function variants in BARD1 enriched in neuroblastoma patients. The functional implications of these findings remain poorly understood. METHODS We correlated BARD1 genotype with expression in normal tissues and neuroblastomas, along with the burden of DNA damage in tumors. To validate the functional consequences of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic BARD1 variants, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate isogenic neuroblastoma (IMR-5) and control (RPE1) cellular models harboring heterozygous BARD1 loss-of-function variants (R112*, R150*, E287fs, and Q564*) and quantified genomic instability in these cells via next-generation sequencing and with functional assays measuring the efficiency of DNA repair. RESULTS Both common and rare neuroblastoma-associated BARD1 germline variants were associated with lower levels of BARD1 mRNA and an increased burden of DNA damage. Using isogenic heterozygous BARD1 loss-of-function variant cellular models, we functionally validated this association with inefficient DNA repair. BARD1 loss-of-function variant isogenic cells exhibited reduced efficiency in repairing Cas9-induced DNA damage, ineffective RAD51 focus formation at DNA double-strand break sites, and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate that germline BARD1 variants disrupt DNA repair fidelity. This is a fundamental molecular mechanism contributing to neuroblastoma initiation that may have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Egolf
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Current affiliation: New York Genome Center, New York, NY
| | - Minu Samanta
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Perry Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Current affiliation: Genomics and Data Sciences, Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehdi Layeghifard
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Kim J, Vaksman Z, Egolf LE, Kaufman R, Evans JP, Conkrite KL, Danesh A, Lopez G, Randall MP, Dent MH, Farra LM, Menghani NL, Dymek M, Desai H, Hausler R, Hicks B, Auvil JG, Gerhard DS, Hakonarson H, Maxwell KN, Cole KA, Pugh TJ, Bosse KR, Khan J, Wei JS, Maris JM, Stewart DR, Diskin SJ. Germline pathogenic variants in neuroblastoma patients are enriched in BARD1 and predict worse survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:149-159. [PMID: 37688579 PMCID: PMC10777667 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is an embryonal cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system. The genetic contribution of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in patients without a family history remains unclear. METHODS Germline DNA sequencing was performed on 786 neuroblastoma patients. The frequency of rare cancer predisposition gene pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in patients was compared with 2 cancer-free control cohorts. Matched tumor DNA sequencing was evaluated for second hits, and germline DNA array data from 5585 neuroblastoma patients and 23 505 cancer-free control children were analyzed to identify rare germline copy number variants. Patients with germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were compared with those without to test for association with clinical characteristics, tumor features, and survival. RESULTS We observed 116 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants involving 13.9% (109 of 786) of neuroblastoma patients, representing a statistically significant excess burden compared with cancer-free participants (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 2.00). BARD1 harbored the most statistically significant enrichment of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (OR = 32.30, 95% CI = 6.44 to 310.35). Rare germline copy number variants disrupting BARD1 were identified in patients but absent in cancer-free participants (OR = 29.47, 95% CI = 1.52 to 570.70). Patients harboring a germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant had a worse overall survival compared with those without (P = 8.6 x 10-3). CONCLUSIONS BARD1 is an important neuroblastoma predisposition gene harboring both common and rare germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variations. The presence of any germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a cancer predisposition gene was independently predictive of worse overall survival. As centers move toward paired tumor-normal sequencing at diagnosis, efforts should be made to centralize data and provide an infrastructure to support cooperative longitudinal prospective studies of germline pathogenic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Egolf
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kaufman
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Perry Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karina L Conkrite
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnavaz Danesh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Randall
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maiah H Dent
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lance M Farra
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil L Menghani
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malwina Dymek
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heena Desai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Hausler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara N Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina A Cole
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Weiner AK, Radaoui AB, Tsang M, Martinez D, Sidoli S, Conkrite KL, Delaidelli A, Modi A, Rokita JL, Patel K, Lane MV, Zhang B, Zhong C, Ennis B, Miller DP, Brown MA, Rathi KS, Raman P, Pogoriler J, Bhatti T, Pawel B, Glisovic-Aplenc T, Teicher B, Erickson SW, Earley EJ, Bosse KR, Sorensen PH, Krytska K, Mosse YP, Havenith KE, Zammarchi F, van Berkel PH, Smith MA, Garcia BA, Maris JM, Diskin SJ. A proteogenomic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.06.570390. [PMID: 38106022 PMCID: PMC10723418 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have produced remarkable results in B-cell malignancies; however, optimal cell surface targets for many solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we present an integrative proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analysis of tumor specimens along with normal tissues to identify biologically relevant cell surface proteins that can serve as immunotherapeutic targets for neuroblastoma, an often-fatal childhood cancer of the developing nervous system. We apply this approach to human-derived cell lines (N=9) and cell/patient-derived xenograft (N=12) models of neuroblastoma. Plasma membrane-enriched mass spectrometry identified 1,461 cell surface proteins in cell lines and 1,401 in xenograft models, respectively. Additional proteogenomic analyses revealed 60 high-confidence candidate immunotherapeutic targets and we prioritized Delta-like canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) for further study. High expression of DLK1 directly correlated with the presence of a super-enhancer spanning the DLK1 locus. Robust cell surface expression of DLK1 was validated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Short hairpin RNA mediated silencing of DLK1 in neuroblastoma cells resulted in increased cellular differentiation. ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), showed potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma xenograft models. Moreover, DLK1 is highly expressed in several adult cancer types, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCPG), hepatoblastoma, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), suggesting potential clinical benefit beyond neuroblastoma. Taken together, our study demonstrates the utility of comprehensive cancer surfaceome characterization and credentials DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target. Highlights Plasma membrane enriched proteomics defines surfaceome of neuroblastomaMulti-omic data integration prioritizes DLK1 as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma and other cancersDLK1 expression is driven by a super-enhancer DLK1 silencing in neuroblastoma cells results in cellular differentiation ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, shows potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma preclinical models.
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4
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Retraction Note: Cross-HLA targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2023; 623:872. [PMID: 37938785 PMCID: PMC10665177 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2023; 623:820-827. [PMID: 37938771 PMCID: PMC10665195 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic drivers are intracellular proteins, constraining their immunotherapeutic targeting to mutated peptides (neoantigens) presented by individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes1. However, most cancers have a modest mutational burden that is insufficient for generating responses using neoantigen-based therapies2,3. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that harbours few mutations and is instead driven by epigenetically deregulated transcriptional networks4. Here we show that the neuroblastoma immunopeptidome is enriched with peptides derived from proteins essential for tumorigenesis. We focused on targeting the unmutated peptide QYNPIRTTF discovered on HLA-A*24:02, which is derived from the neuroblastoma-dependency gene and master transcriptional regulator PHOX2B. To target QYNPIRTTF, we developed peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs) through a counter panning strategy using predicted potentially cross-reactive peptides. We further proposed that PC-CARs can recognize peptides on additional HLA allotypes when presenting a similar overall molecular surface. Informed by our computational modelling results, we show that PHOX2B PC-CARs also recognize QYNPIRTTF presented by HLA-A*23:01, the most common non-A2 allele in people with African ancestry. Finally, we demonstrate potent and specific killing of neuroblastoma cells expressing these HLAs in vitro and complete tumour regression in mice. These data suggest that PC-CARs have the potential to expand the pool of immunotherapeutic targets to include non-immunogenic intracellular oncoproteins and allow targeting through additional HLA allotypes in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Zhang HF, Delaidelli A, Javed S, Turgu B, Morrison T, Hughes CS, Yang X, Pachva M, Lizardo MM, Singh G, Hoffmann J, Huang YZ, Patel K, Shraim R, Kung SH, Morin GB, Aparicio S, Martinez D, Maris JM, Bosse KR, Williams KC, Sorensen PH. A MYCN-independent mechanism mediating secretome reprogramming and metastasis in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6693. [PMID: 37611092 PMCID: PMC10446492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
MYCN amplification (MNA) is a defining feature of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and predicts poor prognosis. However, whether genes within or in close proximity to the MYCN amplicon also contribute to MNA+ NB remains poorly understood. Here, we identify that GREB1, a transcription factor encoding gene neighboring the MYCN locus, is frequently coexpressed with MYCN and promotes cell survival in MNA+ NB. GREB1 controls gene expression independently of MYCN, among which we uncover myosin 1B (MYO1B) as being highly expressed in MNA+ NB and, using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, as a crucial regulator of invasion and metastasis. Global secretome and proteome profiling further delineates MYO1B in regulating secretome reprogramming in MNA+ NB cells, and the cytokine MIF as an important pro-invasive and pro-metastatic mediator of MYO1B activity. Together, we have identified a putative GREB1-MYO1B-MIF axis as an unconventional mechanism promoting aggressive behavior in MNA+ NB and independently of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Sumreen Javed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Busra Turgu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Taylor Morrison
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Xiaqiu Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Manideep Pachva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Michael M. Lizardo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hoffmann
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Zhou Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Gregg B. Morin
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karla C. Williams
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
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7
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Randall MP, Egolf LE, Vaksman Z, Samanta M, Tsang M, Groff D, Evans JP, Rokita JL, Layeghifard M, Shlien A, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Bosse KR. BARD1 germline variants induce haploinsufficiency and DNA repair defects in neuroblastoma. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.525066. [PMID: 36778420 PMCID: PMC9915690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.525066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance High-risk neuroblastoma is a complex genetic disease that is lethal in 50% of patients despite intense multimodal therapy. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the BARD1 gene showing the most significant enrichment in neuroblastoma patients, and also discovered pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) rare germline loss-of-function variants in this gene. The functional implications of these findings remain poorly understood. Objective To define the functional relevance of BARD1 germline variation in children with neuroblastoma. Design We correlated BARD1 genotype with BARD1 expression in normal and tumor cells and the cellular burden of DNA damage in tumors. To validate the functional consequences of rare germline P-LP BARD1 variants, we generated isogenic cellular models harboring heterozygous BARD1 loss-of-function (LOF) variants and conducted multiple complementary assays to measure the efficiency of DNA repair. Setting (N/A). Participants (N/A). Interventions/Exposures (N/A). Main Outcomes and Measures BARD1 expression, efficiency of DNA repair, and genome-wide burden of DNA damage in neuroblastoma tumors and cellular models harboring disease-associated BARD1 germline variants. Results Both common and rare neuroblastoma associated BARD1 germline variants were significantly associated with lower levels of BARD1 mRNA and an increased burden of DNA damage. Using neuroblastoma cellular models engineered to harbor disease-associated heterozygous BARD1 LOF variants, we functionally validated this association with inefficient DNA repair. These BARD1 LOF variant isogenic models exhibited reduced efficiency in repairing Cas9-induced DNA damage, ineffective RAD51 focus formation at DNA doublestrand break sites, and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Conclusions and Relevance Considering that at least 1 in 10 children diagnosed with cancer carry a predicted pathogenic mutation in a cancer predisposition gene, it is critically important to understand their functional relevance. Here, we demonstrate that germline BARD1 variants disrupt DNA repair fidelity. This is a fundamental molecular mechanism contributing to neuroblastoma initiation that may have important therapeutic implications, and these findings may also extend to other cancers harboring germline variants in genes essential for DNA damage repair. Key Points Question: How do neuroblastoma patient BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 ( BARD1 ) germline variants impact DNA repair? Findings: Neuroblastoma-associated germline BARD1 variants disrupt DNA repair fidelity. Common risk variants correlate with decreased BARD1 expression and increased DNA double-strand breaks in neuroblastoma tumors and rare heterozygous loss-of-function variants induce BARD1 haploinsufficiency, resulting in defective DNA repair and genomic instability in neuroblastoma cellular models. Meaning: Germline variation in BARD1 contributes to neuroblastoma pathogenesis via dysregulation of critical cellular DNA repair functions, with implications for neuroblastoma treatment, risk stratification, and cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura E. Egolf
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minu Samanta
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J. Perry Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehdi Layeghifard
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Kim J, Vaksman Z, Egolf LE, Kaufman R, Evans JP, Conkrite KL, Danesh A, Lopez G, Randall MP, Dent MH, Farra LM, Menghani N, Dymek M, Desai H, Hausler R, Auvil JG, Gerhard DS, Hakonarson H, Maxwell KN, Cole KA, Pugh TJ, Bosse KR, Khan J, Wei JS, Maris JM, Stewart DR, Diskin SJ. Germline pathogenic variants in 786 neuroblastoma patients. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.23.23284864. [PMID: 36747619 PMCID: PMC9901064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.23284864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Importance Neuroblastoma accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. The genetic contribution of rare pathogenic germline variation in patients without a family history remains unclear. Objective To define the prevalence, spectrum, and clinical significance of pathogenic germline variation in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) in neuroblastoma patients. Design Setting and Participants Germline DNA sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood from 786 neuroblastoma patients unselected for family history. Rare variants mapping to CPGs were evaluated for pathogenicity and the percentage of cases harboring pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants was quantified. The frequency of CPG P-LP variants in neuroblastoma cases was compared to two distinct cancer-free control cohorts to assess enrichment. Matched tumor DNA sequencing was evaluated for "second hits" at CPGs and germline DNA array data from 5,585 neuroblastoma cases and 23,505 cancer-free control children was analyzed to identify rare germline copy number variants (CNVs) affecting genes with an excess burden of P-LP variants in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma patients with germline P-LP variants were compared to those without P-LP variants to test for association with clinical characteristics, tumor features, and patient survival. Main Outcomes and Measures Rare variant prevalence, pathogenicity, enrichment, and association with clinical characteristics, tumor features, and patient survival. Results We observed 116 P-LP variants in CPGs involving 13.9% (109/786) of patients, representing a significant excess burden of P-LP variants compared to controls (9.1%; P = 5.14 × 10-5, Odds Ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-2.00). BARD1 harbored the most significant burden of P-LP variants compared to controls (1.0% vs. 0.03%; P = 8.18 × 10-7; Odds Ratio: 32.30, 95% confidence interval: 6.44-310.35). Rare germline CNVs disrupting BARD1 were also identified in neuroblastoma patients (0.05%) but absent in controls (P = 7.08 × 10-3; Odds Ratio: 29.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.52 - 570.70). Overall, P-LP variants in DNA repair genes in this study were enriched in cases compared to controls (8.1% vs. 5.7%; P = 0.01; Odds Ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.92). Neuroblastoma patients harboring a germline P-LP variant had a worse overall survival when compared to patients without P-LP variants (P = 8.6 × 10-3), and this remained significant in a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model (P = 0.01). Conclusions and Relevance Neuroblastoma patients harboring germline P-LP variants in CPGs have worse overall survival and BARD1 is an important predisposition gene affected by both common and rare pathogenic variation. Germline sequencing should be performed for all neuroblastoma patients at diagnosis to inform genetic counseling and support future longitudinal and mechanistic studies. Patients with a germline P-LP variant should be closely monitored, regardless of risk group assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E. Egolf
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kaufman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. Perry Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karina L. Conkrite
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnavaz Danesh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON, M5S Canada
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maiah H. Dent
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lance M. Farra
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil Menghani
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malwina Dymek
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heena Desai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Hausler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penn Medicine BioBank
- Penn Medicine BioBank, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara N. Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina A. Cole
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trevor J. Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON, M5S Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, ON, M5S Canada
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun S. Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Bosse KR, Giudice AM, Lane MV, McIntyre B, Schürch PM, Pascual-Pasto G, Buongervino SN, Suresh S, Fitzsimmons A, Hyman A, Gemino-Borromeo M, Saggio J, Berko ER, Daniels AA, Stundon J, Friedrichsen M, Liu X, Margolis ML, Li MM, Tierno MB, Oxnard GR, Maris JM, Mossé YP. Serial Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA Identifies Dynamic Evolution of Clinically Actionable Genomic Alterations in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2800-2819. [PMID: 36108156 PMCID: PMC9722579 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma evolution, heterogeneity, and resistance remain inadequately defined, suggesting a role for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing. To define the utility of ctDNA profiling in neuroblastoma, 167 blood samples from 48 high-risk patients were evaluated for ctDNA using comprehensive genomic profiling. At least one pathogenic genomic alteration was identified in 56% of samples and 73% of evaluable patients, including clinically actionable ALK and RAS-MAPK pathway variants. Fifteen patients received ALK inhibition (ALKi), and ctDNA data revealed dynamic genomic evolution under ALKi therapeutic pressure. Serial ctDNA profiling detected disease evolution in 15 of 16 patients with a recurrently identified variant-in some cases confirming disease progression prior to standard surveillance methods. Finally, ctDNA-defined ERRFI1 loss-of-function variants were validated in neuroblastoma cellular models, with the mutant proteins exhibiting loss of wild-type ERRFI1's tumor-suppressive functions. Taken together, ctDNA is prevalent in children with high-risk neuroblastoma and should be followed throughout neuroblastoma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE ctDNA is prevalent in children with neuroblastoma. Serial ctDNA profiling in patients with neuroblastoma improves the detection of potentially clinically actionable and functionally relevant variants in cancer driver genes and delineates dynamic tumor evolution and disease progression beyond that of standard tumor sequencing and clinical surveillance practices. See related commentary by Deubzer et al., p. 2727. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Anna Maria Giudice
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Maria V. Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Brendan McIntyre
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Patrick M. Schürch
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Samantha N. Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Sriyaa Suresh
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Alana Fitzsimmons
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Adam Hyman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Maria Gemino-Borromeo
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Jennifer Saggio
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Esther R. Berko
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Alexander A. Daniels
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Jennifer Stundon
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Foundation Medicine, Inc. Cambridge, MA 02141; USA
| | | | - Marilyn M. Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Yael P. Mossé
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
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10
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Pascual-Pasto G, McIntyre B, Shraim R, Buongervino SN, Erbe AK, Zhelev DV, Sadirova S, Giudice AM, Martinez D, Garcia-Gerique L, Dimitrov DS, Sondel PM, Bosse KR. GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate reprograms the neuroblastoma immune milieu to enhance macrophage-driven therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004704. [PMID: 36460335 PMCID: PMC9723962 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that deliver cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells have emerged as an effective and safe anticancer therapy. ADCs may induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote additional endogenous antitumor immune responses. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory properties of D3-GPC2-PBD, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer-bearing ADC that targets glypican 2 (GPC2), a cell surface oncoprotein highly differentially expressed in neuroblastoma. METHODS ADC-mediated induction of ICD was studied in GPC2-expressing murine neuroblastomas in vitro and in vivo. ADC reprogramming of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment was profiled by RNA sequencing, cytokine arrays, cytometry by time of flight and flow cytometry. ADC efficacy was tested in combination with macrophage-driven immunoregulators in neuroblastoma syngeneic allografts and human patient-derived xenografts. RESULTS The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC induced biomarkers of ICD, including neuroblastoma cell membrane translocation of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSP70/90) and release of high-mobility group box 1 and ATP. Vaccination of immunocompetent mice with ADC-treated murine neuroblastoma cells promoted T cell-mediated immune responses that protected animals against tumor rechallenge. ADC treatment also reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment to a proinflammatory state in these syngeneic neuroblastoma models, with increased tumor trafficking of activated macrophages and T cells. In turn, macrophage or T-cell inhibition impaired ADC efficacy in vivo, which was alternatively enhanced by both CD40 agonist and CD47 antagonist antibodies. In human neuroblastomas, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC also induced ICD and promoted tumor phagocytosis by macrophages, which was further enhanced when blocking CD47 signaling in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated the immunoregulatory properties of a GPC2-targeted ADC and showed robust efficacy of combination immunotherapies in diverse neuroblastoma preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan McIntyre
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha N Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shakhnozakhon Sadirova
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Giudice
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Garcia-Gerique
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Foster JB, Griffin C, Rokita JL, Stern A, Brimley C, Rathi K, Lane MV, Buongervino SN, Smith T, Madsen PJ, Martinez D, Delaidelli A, Sorensen PH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Karikó K, Storm PB, Barrett DM, Resnick AC, Maris JM, Bosse KR. Development of GPC2-directed chimeric antigen receptors using mRNA for pediatric brain tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004450. [PMID: 36167467 PMCID: PMC9516314 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children with an urgent need for innovative therapies. Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a cell surface oncoprotein expressed in neuroblastoma for which targeted immunotherapies have been developed. This work aimed to characterize GPC2 expression in pediatric brain tumors and develop an mRNA CAR T cell approach against this target. METHODS We investigated GPC2 expression across a cohort of primary pediatric brain tumor samples and cell lines using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. To target GPC2 in the brain with adoptive cellular therapies and mitigate potential inflammatory neurotoxicity, we used optimized mRNA to create transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We developed four mRNA CAR T cell constructs using the highly GPC2-specific fully human D3 single chain variable fragment for preclinical testing. RESULTS We identified high GPC2 expression across multiple pediatric brain tumor types including medulloblastomas, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, other central nervous system embryonal tumors, as well as definable subsets of highly malignant gliomas. We next validated and prioritized CAR configurations using in vitro cytotoxicity assays with GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells, where the light-to-heavy single chain variable fragment configurations proved to be superior. We expanded the testing of the two most potent GPC2-directed CAR constructs to GPC2-expressing medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma cell lines, showing significant GPC2-specific cell death in multiple models. Finally, biweekly locoregional delivery of 2-4 million GPC2-directed mRNA CAR T cells induced significant tumor regression in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model and significantly prolonged survival in an aggressive orthotopic thalamic diffuse midline glioma xenograft model. No GPC2-directed CAR T cell related neurologic or systemic toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data show that GPC2 is a highly differentially expressed cell surface protein on multiple malignant pediatric brain tumors that can be targeted safely with local delivery of mRNA CAR T cells, laying the framework for the clinical translation of GPC2-directed immunotherapies for pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Foster
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Crystal Griffin
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison Stern
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron Brimley
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Komal Rathi
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria V Lane
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha N Buongervino
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J Madsen
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Heitzeneder S, Bosse KR, Zhu Z, Zhelev D, Majzner RG, Radosevich MT, Dhingra S, Sotillo E, Buongervino S, Pascual-Pasto G, Garrigan E, Xu P, Huang J, Salzer B, Delaidelli A, Raman S, Cui H, Martinez B, Bornheimer SJ, Sahaf B, Alag A, Fetahu IS, Hasselblatt M, Parker KR, Anbunathan H, Hwang J, Huang M, Sakamoto K, Lacayo NJ, Klysz DD, Theruvath J, Vilches-Moure JG, Satpathy AT, Chang HY, Lehner M, Taschner-Mandl S, Julien JP, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Mackall CL. GPC2-CAR T cells tuned for low antigen density mediate potent activity against neuroblastoma without toxicity. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:53-69.e9. [PMID: 34971569 PMCID: PMC9092726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cancers often mimic fetal tissues and express proteins normally silenced postnatally that could serve as immune targets. We developed T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting glypican-2 (GPC2), a fetal antigen expressed on neuroblastoma (NB) and several other solid tumors. CARs engineered using standard designs control NBs with transgenic GPC2 overexpression, but not those expressing clinically relevant GPC2 site density (∼5,000 molecules/cell, range 1-6 × 103). Iterative engineering of transmembrane (TM) and co-stimulatory domains plus overexpression of c-Jun lowered the GPC2-CAR antigen density threshold, enabling potent and durable eradication of NBs expressing clinically relevant GPC2 antigen density, without toxicity. These studies highlight the critical interplay between CAR design and antigen density threshold, demonstrate potent efficacy and safety of a lead GPC2-CAR candidate suitable for clinical testing, and credential oncofetal antigens as a promising class of targets for CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heitzeneder
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Doncho Zhelev
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Molly T Radosevich
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaurya Dhingra
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samantha Buongervino
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Swetha Raman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Bita Sahaf
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anya Alag
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irfete S Fetahu
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hima Anbunathan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Sakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorota D Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johanna Theruvath
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Animal Histology Services, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 941209, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jean-Phillipe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 941209, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Cross-HLA targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2021; 599:477-484. [PMID: 34732890 PMCID: PMC8599005 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic drivers are intracellular proteins, thus constraining their immunotherapeutic targeting to mutated peptides (neoantigens) presented by individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes1. However, most cancers have a modest mutational burden that is insufficient to generate responses using neoantigen-based therapies2,3. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that harbours few mutations and is instead driven by epigenetically deregulated transcriptional networks4. Here we show that the neuroblastoma immunopeptidome is enriched with peptides derived from proteins that are essential for tumourigenesis and focus on targeting the unmutated peptide QYNPIRTTF, discovered on HLA-A*24:02, which is derived from the neuroblastoma dependency gene and master transcriptional regulator PHOX2B. To target QYNPIRTTF, we developed peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) using a counter-panning strategy with predicted potentially cross-reactive peptides. We further hypothesized that peptide-centric CARs could recognize peptides on additional HLA allotypes when presented in a similar manner. Informed by computational modelling, we showed that PHOX2B peptide-centric CARs also recognize QYNPIRTTF presented by HLA-A*23:01 and the highly divergent HLA-B*14:02. Finally, we demonstrated potent and specific killing of neuroblastoma cells expressing these HLAs in vitro and complete tumour regression in mice. These data suggest that peptide-centric CARs have the potential to vastly expand the pool of immunotherapeutic targets to include non-immunogenic intracellular oncoproteins and widen the population of patients who would benefit from such therapy by breaking conventional HLA restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Buongervino S, Lane MV, Garrigan E, Zhelev DV, Dimitrov DS, Bosse KR. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Efficacy in Neuroblastoma: Role of Payload, Resistance Mechanisms, Target Density, and Antibody Internalization. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2228-2239. [PMID: 34465595 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a targeted cancer therapy that utilize the specificity of antibodies to deliver potent drugs selectively to tumors. Here we define the complex interaction among factors that dictate ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma by testing both a comprehensive panel of ADC payloads in a diverse set of neuroblastoma cell lines and utilizing the glypican 2 (GPC2)-targeting D3-GPC2-PBD ADC to study the role of target antigen density and antibody internalization in ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma. We first find that DNA binding drugs are significantly more cytotoxic to neuroblastomas than payloads that bind tubulin or inhibit DNA topoisomerase 1. We additionally show that neuroblastomas with high expression of the ABCB1 drug transporter or that harbor a TP53 mutation are significantly more resistant to tubulin and DNA/DNA topoisomerase 1 binding payloads, respectively. Next, we utilized the GPC2-specific D3-GPC2-IgG1 antibody to show that neuroblastomas internalize this antibody/GPC2 complex at significantly different rates and that these antibody internalization kinetics correlate significantly with GPC2 cell surface density. However, sensitivity to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers primarily dictated sensitivity to the corresponding D3-GPC2-PBD ADC, overall having a larger influence on ADC efficacy than GPC2 cell surface density or antibody internalization. Finally, we utilized GPC2 isogenic Kelly neuroblastoma cells with different levels of cell surface GPC2 expression to define the threshold of target density required for ADC efficacy. Taken together, DNA binding ADC payloads should be prioritized for development for neuroblastoma given their superior efficacy and considering that ADC payload sensitivity is a major determinant of ADC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria V Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Raman S, Buongervino SN, Lane MV, Zhelev DV, Zhu Z, Cui H, Martinez B, Martinez D, Wang Y, Upton K, Patel K, Rathi KS, Navia CT, Harmon DB, Li Y, Pawel B, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Julien JP, Bosse KR. A GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer via binding a conformational epitope. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100344. [PMID: 34337560 PMCID: PMC8324494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a MYCN-regulated, differentially expressed cell-surface oncoprotein and target for immune-based therapies in neuroblastoma. Here, we build on GPC2's immunotherapeutic attributes by finding that it is also a highly expressed, MYCN-driven oncoprotein on small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs), with significantly enriched expression in both the SCLC and neuroblastoma stem cell compartment.By solving the crystal structure of the D3-GPC2-Fab/GPC2 complex at 3.3 Å resolution, we further illustrate that the GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD), that links a human GPC2 antibody (D3) to DNA-damaging pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers, binds a tumor-specific, conformation-dependent epitope of the core GPC2 extracellular domain. We then show that this ADC induces durable neuroblastoma and SCLC tumor regression via induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and bystander cell killing, notably with no signs of ADC-induced in vivo toxicity. These studies provide preclinical data to support the clinical translation of ADCs targeting GPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Raman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria V. Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V. Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kristen Upton
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Kammersgaard MB, Bosse M, Martinez D, Bosse KR, Maris JM, Mackall CL, Angelo RM, Davis KL. Abstract PO-041: Multiplexed ion beam imaging to describe tumor-immune microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-po-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, accounting for 10% of pediatric cancer associated deaths and the most common cancer diagnosed during infancy(1,2). This neural crest derived malignancy is characterized by clinical heterogeneity ranging from spontaneous regression in some patients to treatment resistance, metastasis and death in others(3,4). Here, we report the application of Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI), a single-cell, high-dimensional imaging method to determine the expression and co-expression of antigens on neuroblastoma cells and describe the local immune environment. We have optimized a 40-antibody panel to capture adrenergic or mesenchymal identity(5,6), infiltrating immune cells, tissue architecture and known neuroblastoma proteins. We optimized our antibody staining and determined tissue specificity using a unique tissue microarray which included 32 NBL cores but also additional childhood solid tumors including osteosarcoma, glioblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, and Wilms tumor. Healthy pediatric tissues from various organs including kidney, liver, and tonsil were also included. We have uncovered divergent neuroblastoma cell populations differentiated by co-expression of CD57, Ki67 and GPC2 as well as mesenchymal (FN1 and SNAI2/SLUG) and adrenergic (TH, GATA3 and PHOX2B) antibodies, demonstrating promising early results of our application of MIBI. We will describe infiltrating immune populations and spatial relationships to these unique tumor cell populations. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of using MIBI to make translatable discoveries in neuroblastoma and other childhood cancers. With this we will lay the foundation for future discovery and validation of novel targets for immunotherapy in neuroblastoma.
Citation Format: Marte B. Kammersgaard, Marc Bosse, Daniel Martinez, Kristopher R. Bosse, John M. Maris, Crystal L. Mackall, Robert M. Angelo, Kara L. Davis. Multiplexed ion beam imaging to describe tumor-immune microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte B. Kammersgaard
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
| | - Marc Bosse
- 2Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
| | - Daniel Martinez
- 3Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - John M. Maris
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- 5Stanford Cancer Institute, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Kara L. Davis
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
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17
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Ritenour LE, Randall MP, Bosse KR, Diskin SJ. Correction to: Genetic susceptibility to neuroblastoma: current knowledge and future directions. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:905. [PMID: 32897422 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ritenour
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Randall
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Heitzeneder S, Bosse KR, Zhu Z, Majzner RG, Theruvath J, Xu P, Dhingra S, Anbunathan H, Alag A, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Mackall CL. Abstract A09: Glypican-2 targeted CAR T cells designed to effectively eradicate endogenous site density solid tumors in the absence of toxicity. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Glypican-2 (GPC2) is a promising immunotherapeutic target, due to very low/absent expression on normal tissues (Bosse et al, Cancer Cell 2017). High cell surface GPC2 is found in numerous pediatric and adult malignancies, such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, SCLC, and GBM. Here, we engineered GPC2-targeted CAR T-cells and optimized numerous modules (orientation of the variable heavy and light chain, hinge/transmembrane and co-stimulatory domains) to render CAR T cells highly efficacious against tumors expressing endogenous GPC2 site density in neuroblastoma xenograft models.
Methods: GPC2 scFvs (GPC2.19 and GPC2.27) were isolated from a human Fab phage library and screened alongside with previously identified scFvs GPC2.D3 and GPC2.D4 in two orientations (N-terminal variable heavy or light chain) in second-generation retroviral vectors, possessing CD8a hinge/transmembrane (H/TM) and 41BB co-stimulatory domains. Potency was assessed in vitro for antigen-dependent cytokine production and killing and in vivo in neuroblastoma orthotopic subrenal capsule and/or flank PDX models.
Results: While all constructs showed potent in vitro efficacy against isogenic target cells engineered to express GPC2 at supraphysiologic levels (GPC2Hi_Kelly-GPC2), efficacy against cell lines possessing endogenous site density (GPC2E_NBSD, SMS-SAN, KCNR) was modest. Based on cytokine production (IFNy, IL-2), killing capacity, and cross-reactivity against murine GPC2, GPC2.19VLVH was prioritized for in vivo studies, recapitulating in vitro findings. While CARs failed against GPC2E-models, significant antitumor effects were achieved against GPC2Hi, however, failing to cure. Target antigen density is an emerging determinant of CAR potency and our lab has recently demonstrated that incorporating CD28-H/TM and co-stimulatory domains exhibit advantages when targeting low site-density tumors (Majzner et al., ASH 2018). Strikingly, replacing H/TM domains derived from CD8a with those derived from CD28 in either 41BBζ or CD28ζ constructs resulted in a dramatic increase in potency and eradicated established GPC2E-tumors in orthotopic (NBSD) or PDX (COG-N-421x) neuroblastoma models, without signs of toxicity. While the majority of animals remained cured (>75 days), tumors relapsed in 30% of mice after a prolonged tumor-free interval. Principal component analysis (RNA-seq) of control-treated tumors and late relapses suggested strong clustering of transcriptional profiles based on these phenotypes and relapses were associated with ultralow protein and/or gene expression of GPC2 and other NB tumor antigens.
Conclusion: We demonstrate that rational design of GPC2 CAR T-cells results in potent preclinical activity in representative disease models, laying the groundwork for clinical trials and establishing a model to shed light on tumor escape mechanisms after GPC2 CAR T-cell immune pressure.
Citation Format: Sabine Heitzeneder, Kristopher R. Bosse, Zhongyu Zhu, Robbie G. Majzner, Johanna Theruvath, Peng Xu, Shaurya Dhingra, Hima Anbunathan, Anya Alag, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, John M. Maris, Crystal L. Mackall. Glypican-2 targeted CAR T cells designed to effectively eradicate endogenous site density solid tumors in the absence of toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A09.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- 2Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | | | | | | | - Peng Xu
- 4Stanford Cancer Institute/Department of Pediatrics Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
| | | | | | - Anya Alag
- 5University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,
| | | | - John M. Maris
- 2Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- 4Stanford Cancer Institute/Department of Pediatrics Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
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Bosse KR, Raman S, Buongervino S, Lane M, Upton K, Cui H, Martinez B, Martinez D, Zhelev DV, Pawel B, Dimitrov DS, Julien JP, Maris JM. Abstract A26: Characterization and development of a GPC2 ADC for neuroblastoma and other cancers. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: We previously identified glypican 2 (GPC2) as a MYCN-driven neuroblastoma oncoprotein that is robustly differentially expressed, including expression of a tumor specific isoform (Cancer Cell 2017). We exploited this differential expression by developing an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD) that showed potent efficacy in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs)/xenografts (n=4) (AACR Annual Meeting 2018).
Methods: To validate GPC2 expression, we performed GPC2-directed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a high-risk neuroblastoma tumor microarray (n=64 tumors) and flow cytometry on 8 neuroblastoma PDXs. To determine the GPC2 epitope bound by this ADC, we performed X-ray crystallography and mutational studies. To define mechanisms of cytotoxicity, we quantified DNA damage and apoptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and bystander cell killing. Finally, we performed a pan-cancer analysis for GPC2 expression using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and IHC.
Results: We confirmed GPC2 expression in most high-risk neuroblastomas by IHC (60/64 tumors) and all neuroblastoma PDXs by flow cytometry (8/8 tumors). Additionally, we found a bimodal GPC2 expression pattern in neuroblastoma PDXs (GPC2-Hi and GPC2-UltraHi populations). GPC2-UltraHi cells coexpressed increased levels of the stem cell markers CD133, CD338 and CD117 (e.g., GPC2-UltraHi cell CD133 mean increase mean fluorescent intensity [MFI]=34-fold of GPC2-Hi cells). Forced GPC2 overexpression in SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was sufficient to induce increased stem cell marker expression (e.g., SY5Y-GPC2 CD133 mean increase MFI=3.4-fold of native SY5Y cells). Next, structural studies revealed that the D3-GPC2-Fab binds to a conformational and tumor-specific core GPC2 epitope, findings validated by binding kinetics experiments with GPC2 mutants, and with flow cytometry and ADC susceptibility studies. ADC treatment induced upregulation of γH2AX, cleaved PARP1 and caspase 3, indicative of DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, we showed translocation of calreticulin to the cell surface and HMGB1 release, consistent with ICD. ADC treatment of co-incubated GPC2-high/low expressing cells induced 10-62% more cytotoxicity than expected, consistent with potent bystander cell killing. Finally, we identified several other cancers that express GPC2 and initially focused on small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs). For SCLCs, we show that GPC2 is also transcriptionally activated by MYCN, expressed at ultrahigh levels on stem cells, is integral in tumor growth and dictates comparable ADC susceptibility. Similar studies in GPC2-expressing pediatric brain tumors are ongoing.
Conclusions: Neuroblastomas robustly express GPC2, including ultrahigh levels in the stem cell compartment. The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC targets a conformational and tumor-specific GPC2 epitope and is potently efficacious against a diverse panel of GPC2-expressing cancers, supporting the clinical development of GPC2-directed ADCs.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Swetha Raman, Samantha Buongervino, Maria Lane, Kristen Upton, Hong Cui, Benjamin Martinez, Daniel Martinez, Doncho V. Zhelev, Bruce Pawel, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Jean-Philippe Julien, John M. Maris. Characterization and development of a GPC2 ADC for neuroblastoma and other cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Raman
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | - Maria Lane
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Kristen Upton
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Hong Cui
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- 4Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
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20
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Chen D, Cox J, Annam J, Weingart M, Essien G, Rathi KS, Rokita JL, Khurana P, Cuya SM, Bosse KR, Pilgrim A, Li D, Shields C, Laur O, Maris JM, Schnepp RW. LIN28B promotes neuroblastoma metastasis and regulates PDZ binding kinase. Neoplasia 2020; 22:231-241. [PMID: 32339949 PMCID: PMC7186370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the neural crest with suboptimal cure rates and a striking predilection for widespread metastases, underscoring the need to identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. We recently identified the RNA binding protein LIN28B as a driver in high-risk neuroblastoma and demonstrated it promotes oncogenic cell proliferation by coordinating a RAN-Aurora kinase A network. Here, we demonstrate that LIN28B influences another key hallmark of cancer, metastatic dissemination. Using a murine xenograft model of neuroblastoma dissemination, we show that LIN28B promotes metastasis. We demonstrate that this is in part due to the effects of LIN28B on self-renewal and migration, providing an understanding of how LIN28B shapes the metastatic phenotype. Our studies reveal that the let-7 family, which LIN28B inhibits, decreases self-renewal and migration. Next, we identify PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK) as a novel LIN28B target. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells and serves as an oncogenic driver in multiple aggressive malignancies. We demonstrate that PBK is both a novel direct target of let-7i and that MYCN regulates PBK expression, thus elucidating two oncogenic drivers that converge on PBK. Functionally, PBK promotes self-renewal and migration, phenocopying LIN28B. Taken together, our findings define a role for LIN28B in neuroblastoma metastasis and define the targetable kinase PBK as a potential novel vulnerability in metastatic neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Julie Cox
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jayabhargav Annam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melanie Weingart
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace Essien
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priya Khurana
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selma M Cuya
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adeiye Pilgrim
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daisy Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cara Shields
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert W Schnepp
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Sussman RT, Rokita JL, Huang K, Raman P, Rathi KS, Martinez D, Bosse KR, Lane M, Hart LS, Bhatti T, Pawel B, Maris JM. CAMKV Is a Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in MYCN Amplified Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:302. [PMID: 32211329 PMCID: PMC7069022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a computational pipeline designed to use RNA sequencing (n = 136) and gene expression profiling (n = 250) data from neuroblastoma tumors to identify cell surface proteins predicted to be highly expressed in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas and with little or no expression in normal human tissues. We then performed ChIP-seq in the MYCN amplified cell lines KELLY, NB-1643, and NGP to identify gene promoters that are occupied by MYCN protein to define the intersection with the differentially-expressed gene list. We initially identified 116 putative immunotherapy targets with predicted transmembrane domains, with the most significant differentially-expressed of these being the calmodulin kinase-like vesicle-associated gene (CAMKV, p = 2 × 10-6). CAMKV encodes a protein that binds calmodulin in the presence of calcium, but lacks the kinase activity of other calmodulin kinase family members. We confirmed that CAMKV is selectively expressed in 7/7 MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and showed that the transcription of CAMKV is directly controlled by MYCN. From membrane fractionation and immunohistochemistry, we verified that CAMKV is membranous in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Finally, immunohistochemistry showed that CAMKV is not expressed on normal tissues outside of the central nervous system. Together, these data demonstrate that CAMKV is a differentially-expressed cell surface protein that is transcriptionally regulated by MYCN, making it a candidate for targeting with antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates that do not cross the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T. Sussman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Huang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pichai Raman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lori S. Hart
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abstract
Immune-based therapies have now been credentialed for pediatric cancers with the robust efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for pediatric B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), offering a chance of a cure for children with previously lethal disease and a potentially more targeted therapy to limit treatment-related morbidities. The developmental origins of most pediatric cancers make them ideal targets for immune-based therapies that capitalize on the differential expression of lineage-specific cell surface molecules such as antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, or CAR T cells, while the efficacy of other therapies that depend on tumor immunogenicity such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has been limited to date. Here we review the current status of immune-based therapies for childhood cancers, discuss challenges to developing immunotherapeutics for these diseases, and outline future directions of pediatric immunotherapy discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Bosse KR, Buongervino S, Lane M, Hyman A, Gemino-borromeo M, Saggio J, Fitzsimmons A, Forcier B, Murphy A, Wick J, Cooke M, Webster J, Madison R, Welsh A, Miller VA, Ali SM, Maris JM, Mosse YP. Abstract 3105: Serial profiling of ctDNA identifies clinically actionable genomic evolution in high-risk neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a noninvasive method to profile tumor-associated genomic aberrations, heterogeneity and evolution.
Methods: Peripheral blood from 5 newly diagnosed and 33 relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma patients was serially profiled for ctDNA (n=1-7 samples/patient; total n=122 samples) with the FoundationACT assay that utilizes hybrid capture-based genomic profiling of 62 genes. Samples were sequenced to a median unique coverage depth of at least 3168x and variants were evaluated and compared with temporally-matched tumor sequencing and imaging evaluations.
Results: Ninety-three percent (114/122) of peripheral blood samples yielded suitable cell-free DNA for sequencing. ctDNA was detected in 68% (78/114) of samples (maximum somatic allele frequency [MSAF] >0; median MSAF=0.53%; range MSAF 0-79%). At least 1 pathogenic genomic alteration (genomic short-variant or amplification) was found in 54% (61/114) of samples (range 1-6 alterations). Fifty-four percent (13/24) of detected ctDNA genomic-short variants were not present in temporally matched tumor samples at diagnosis or relapse (collected within 3 months of each other; n=23 patients), including pathogenic variants in ALK, TP53, TERT, NF1, FLT3, PTPN11, and PIK3CA. There was 100% concordance between the detection of MYCN (6/6) and ALK (3/3) amplification in paired ctDNA/tissue samples. For example, a newly diagnosed patient with stage 4 neuroblastoma had MYCN amplification noted on both tumor and ctDNA sequencing, however had 3 separate ALKmutations (R1275Q, F1245L, and F1174L) uniquely identified in ctDNA. Twenty-eight patients had multiple ctDNA samples sequenced (range 2-7 samples) and 50% (14/28) had alterations emerge or regress across serial samples. For example, pathogenic variants in ALK, BRCA2, NRAS, PTEN, TP53, CDKN2A, PTPN11, ABL1,CDH1, MET, ERRFl1 and ERBB2 appeared in subsequent ctDNA sequencing that were not present in the initial ctDNA or tumor sequencing. Overall, serial ctDNA profiling identified additional pathogenic variants in driver cancer genes beyond that derived from tumor sequencing in 45% (17/38) of cases, including identifying targetable ALK-RAS-MAPK pathway alterations uniquely in ctDNA in 21% (8/38) of cases. For the 18 patients that had 3 or more ctDNA samples, 33% (6/18) developed ctDNA unique ALK-RAS-MAPK pathway mutations during therapy. Finally, in most cases ctDNA profiling was complementary to standard imaging surveillance, however in 3 cases rising ctDNA allele frequencies occurred prior to clinical or imaging signs of disease relapse; additional correlation of ctDNA data and disease evaluations is ongoing.
Conclusions: Sequencing of ctDNA from neuroblastoma patients identified clinically actionable tumor-associated genetic aberrations emerging under the selective pressure of standard and targeted therapies.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Samantha Buongervino, Maria Lane, Adam Hyman, Maria Gemino-borromeo, Jennifer Saggio, Alana Fitzsimmons, Brady Forcier, Anne Murphy, John Wick, Matthew Cooke, Jennifer Webster, Russell Madison, Alley Welsh, Vincent A. Miller, Siraj M. Ali, John M. Maris, Yael P. Mosse. Serial profiling of ctDNA identifies clinically actionable genomic evolution in high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3105.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Lane
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam Hyman
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Wick
- 2Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yael P. Mosse
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Foster JB, Griffin C, Stern A, Brimley C, Lane M, Buongervino S, Dimitrov DS, Barrett DM, Resnick AC, Maris JM, Bosse KR. IMMU-04. DEVELOPMENT OF GPC2-DIRECTED CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS WITH IN VITRO TRANSCRIBED mRNA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison Stern
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Lane
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bosse KR, Zhu Z, Lane M, Martinez D, DeLong J, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Wang Y, Hwang J, Dimitrov DS, Maris J. Abstract 4636: The antibody-drug conjugate D3-GPC2-PBD potently eradicates neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: We recently developed an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD) for neuroblastoma linking a specific glypican 2 (GPC2) targeting antibody (D3) to the potent DNA damaging pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers (Cancer Cell, 2017).
Methods: To determine the spectrum of in vivo efficacy of the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC, we utilized a panel of highly annotated neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) passaged in C.B-17 scid mice. Cohorts of mice (n = 9 - 10) were stratified to treatment with either vehicle or D3-GPC2-PBD at doses of 0.5 - 3 mg/kg given once or 1 mg/kg given twice weekly x 2 weeks when mean tumor volumes reached 200-300 mm3. Co-treatment with excess D3-GPC2-IgG1, the efficacy of free PBD dimers, re-treatment of the rare ADC treated tumors that regrew, treatment of larger PDXs, and the assessment of DNA damage and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also explored. PDX GPC2 cell surface expression was quantified by flow cytometry. The binding of D3-GPC2-IgG1 to mouse Gpc2 was tested by flow cytometry and mouse normal tissue Gpc2 expression was profiled utilizing IHC.
Results: We first showed D3-GPC2-IgG1 binds avidly to mouse Gpc2 by flow cytometry and that murine and human GPC2 expression is similarly restricted in normal tissues by IHC. To date, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC was tested in three neuroblastoma PDXs with a range of GPC2 expression (Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorochrome [MESF]) and genomic characteristics: CHLA79 (GPC2 MESF = 825, MYCN non-amplified, ALK wild-type, TP53 wild-type), COG-N-421x (GPC2 MESF = 3301, MYCN amplified, ALK wild-type, TP53 wild-type), and SKNAS (GPC2 MESF = 672, MYCN non-amplified, ALK wild-type, TP53 mutated). Treatment with D3-GPC2-PBD resulted in complete and sustained tumor regression up to 100 days in 61% (17/28) of mice treated with 1 mg/kg ADC, 96% (27/28) of mice treated with 3 mg/kg ADC, and 95% (18/19) of mice treated with 1 mg/kg ADC given twice weekly x 2 weeks. Treatment of the CHLA79 PDX with an equivalent dose of free PBD dimers had no effect on tumor growth and co-treatment with excess D3-GPC2-IgG1 (50x) abrogated a significant amount of the ADC induced tumor regression. The rare 1 mg/kg ADC treated CHLA79 PDXs that began to regrow after 100 days (n = 2) showed complete responses to re-dosing of the ADC. Additionally, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC dosed at 1 mg/kg ADC given twice weekly x 2 weeks induced complete regression of larger COG-N-421x PDXs (tumor volumes of 600-1000 mm3). ADC treated tumors showed significant upregulation of DNA damage (γH2AX) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP) by IHC. ADC treatment was well tolerated with no discernible drug-related toxicities.
Conclusions: The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC is safe and potently efficacious in a genomically diverse panel of neuroblastoma PDXs with a range of GPC2 cell surface expression. These data support the development of a PBD dimer containing GPC2 directed ADC.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Zhongyu Zhu, Maria Lane, Daniel Martinez, John DeLong, Doncho V. Zhelev, Yang Feng, Yanping Wang, Jennifer Hwang, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, John Maris. The antibody-drug conjugate D3-GPC2-PBD potently eradicates neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4636.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Lane
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - John DeLong
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yang Feng
- 2National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | - John Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Ritenour LE, Randall MP, Bosse KR, Diskin SJ. Genetic susceptibility to neuroblastoma: current knowledge and future directions. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:287-307. [PMID: 29589100 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a malignancy of the developing peripheral nervous system that affects infants and young children, is a complex genetic disease. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made toward understanding the genetic determinants that predispose to this often lethal childhood cancer. Approximately 1-2% of neuroblastomas are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and a combination of co-morbidity and linkage studies has led to the identification of germline mutations in PHOX2B and ALK as the major genetic contributors to this familial neuroblastoma subset. The genetic basis of "sporadic" neuroblastoma is being studied through a large genome-wide association study (GWAS). These efforts have led to the discovery of many common susceptibility alleles, each with modest effect size, associated with the development and progression of sporadic neuroblastoma. More recently, next-generation sequencing efforts have expanded the list of potential neuroblastoma-predisposing mutations to include rare germline variants with a predicted larger effect size. The evolving characterization of neuroblastoma's genetic basis has led to a deeper understanding of the molecular events driving tumorigenesis, more precise risk stratification and prognostics and novel therapeutic strategies. This review details the contemporary understanding of neuroblastoma's genetic predisposition, including recent advances and discusses ongoing efforts to address gaps in our knowledge regarding this malignancy's complex genetic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ritenour
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Randall
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Bosse KR, Raman P, Zhu Z, Lane M, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, Rathi KS, Kendsersky NM, Randall M, Donovan L, Morrissy S, Sussman RT, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Wang Y, Hwang J, Lopez G, Harenza JL, Wei JS, Pawel B, Bhatti T, Santi M, Ganguly A, Khan J, Marra MA, Taylor MD, Dimitrov DS, Mackall CL, Maris JM. Identification of GPC2 as an Oncoprotein and Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:295-309.e12. [PMID: 28898695 PMCID: PMC5600520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed an RNA-sequencing-based pipeline to discover differentially expressed cell-surface molecules in neuroblastoma that meet criteria for optimal immunotherapeutic target safety and efficacy. Here, we show that GPC2 is a strong candidate immunotherapeutic target in this childhood cancer. We demonstrate high GPC2 expression in neuroblastoma due to MYCN transcriptional activation and/or somatic gain of the GPC2 locus. We confirm GPC2 to be highly expressed on most neuroblastomas, but not detectable at appreciable levels in normal childhood tissues. In addition, we demonstrate that GPC2 is required for neuroblastoma proliferation. Finally, we develop a GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate that is potently cytotoxic to GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, these findings validate GPC2 as a non-mutated neuroblastoma oncoprotein and candidate immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Maria Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan M Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Donovan
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Robyn T Sussman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yang Feng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jennifer Hwang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Harenza
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Bosse KR, Raman P, Lane M, Sussman RT, Harenza JL, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, Zhu Z, Rathi K, Randall M, Donovan L, Morrissy S, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Hwang J, Wang Y, Pawel B, Bhatti T, Santi M, Khan J, Taylor M, Dimitrov DS, Mackall C, Maris JM. Abstract 685: GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in high-risk neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: GD2-directed immunotherapeutic strategies have improved outcomes in neuroblastoma; however, the majority of patients treated suffer relapse and GD2 expression on pain fibers causes dose-limiting toxicities.
Methods: To identify alternative cell surface immunotherapeutic targets, we compared high-risk neuroblastoma (n=126 tumors) and normal tissue RNA sequencing data (GTEx; n=7859 samples from 31 normal tissues) and prioritized genes by differential and absolute expression and cell surface prediction. Genes were further surveyed for somatic copy number gain and correlative expression with MYCN amplification. Differential protein expression and localization were confirmed in neuroblastoma primary tumors (n=98), patient-derived xenografts (n=32; PDXs), cell lines (n=23), and normal pediatric tissues (n=36). Cell lines were subjected to candidate gene gain and loss of function studies (n=11). Additional pediatric tumor RNA sequencing data was surveyed followed by confirmatory immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally, candidate specific antibodies were isolated from a human Fab phage library and utilized for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) engineering followed by cytotoxicity studies.
Results: We identified 33 differentially expressed cell surface molecules from which we prioritized glypican-2 (GPC2) for validation given GPC2’s robust differential expression (log-fold change tumor vs. normal tissue = 1.71-9.22; p=1.99 x 10-9-1.88 x10-300), high-level absolute RNA expression (median FPKM=60), and frequent DNA copy number gain associated with higher GPC2 expression (35%, n=182 tumors; p<0.005). GPC2 expression was also higher in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas (p<0.05), MYCN binds the GPC2 promoter shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing and reporter assays, and MYCN depletion resulted in decreased GPC2 expression. Immunoblot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and IHC analysis of primary tumors, PDXs, and cell lines confirmed dense cell surface GPC2 expression. Medulloblastomas (n=62) were also found to have high GPC2 expression that positively correlated with MYC, MYCN, and GPC2 loci gain (p<0.0001). Pediatric normal tissues had very restricted cell surface GPC2 expression, with only low levels found in the esophagus and skin. GPC2 depletion in neuroblastoma cell lines resulted in apoptosis and growth inhibition and GPC2 forced over-expression increased neuroblastoma cell proliferation (p<0.001 for all assays). Finally, a human GPC2 antibody, D3-GPC2-Fab, was developed and shown to bind GPC2 with high affinity and specificity. D3-GPC2-IgG1 induced internalization of GPC2 and was conjugated to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers to form an ADC which induced potent and specific cytotoxicity to GPC2 expressing neuroblastoma cells (IC50 = 1.7-11 pM).
Conclusions: GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma and potentially other cancers.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Pichai Raman, Maria Lane, Robyn T. Sussman, Jo Lynne Harenza, Daniel Martinez, Sabine Heitzeneder, Zhongyu Zhu, Komal Rathi, Michael Randall, Laura Donovan, Sorana Morrissy, Doncho V. Zhelev, Yang Feng, Jennifer Hwang, Yanping Wang, Bruce Pawel, Tricia Bhatti, Mariarita Santi, Javed Khan, Michael Taylor, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Crystal Mackall, John M. Maris. GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-685
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pichai Raman
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maria Lane
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Rathi
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Laura Donovan
- 4Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Li W, Sussman RT, Randall M, Bosse KR, Maris JM, Dimitrov DS. Differential killing of CD56-expressing cells by drug-conjugated human antibodies targeting membrane-distal and membrane-proximal non-overlapping epitopes. MAbs 2016; 8:799-810. [PMID: 26910291 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1155014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD56 (NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule) is over-expressed in many tumor types, including neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, NK-T lymphoma, neuroendocrine cancer and pancreatic cancer. Using phage display, we identified 2 high-affinity anti-CD56 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), m900 and m906, which bound to spatially separated non-overlapping epitopes with similar affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant 2.9 and 4.5 nM, respectively). m900 bound to the membrane proximal fibronectin type III-like domains, whereas m906 bound to the N-terminal IgG-like domains. m906 induced significant down-regulation of CD56 in 4 neuroblastoma cell lines tested, while m900-induced downregulation of CD56 was much lower. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) made by conjugation with a highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer (PBD) exhibited killing activity that correlated with CD56 down-regulation, and to some extent with in vivo binding ability of the antibodies. The m906PBD ADC was much more potent than m900PBD, likely due to higher CD56-mediated downregulation and stronger binding to cells. Treatment with m906PBD ADC resulted in very potent cytotoxicity (IC50: 0.05-1.7 pM). These results suggest a novel approach for targeting CD56-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Further studies in animal models and in humans are needed to find whether these antibodies and their drug conjugates are promising candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- a Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- a Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA.,b Geneva Foundation , Tacoma , WA , USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- a Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Wei Li
- a Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Robyn T Sussman
- c Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Michael Randall
- c Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- c Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,d Department of Pediatrics , Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - John M Maris
- c Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- a Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
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30
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Bosse KR, Maris JM. Advances in the translational genomics of neuroblastoma: From improving risk stratification and revealing novel biology to identifying actionable genomic alterations. Cancer 2015; 122:20-33. [PMID: 26539795 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that commonly affects young children and is remarkably heterogenous in its malignant potential. Recently, the genetic basis of neuroblastoma has come into focus and not only has catalyzed a more comprehensive understanding of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis but also has revealed novel oncogenic vulnerabilities that are being therapeutically leveraged. Neuroblastoma is a model pediatric solid tumor in its use of recurrent genomic alterations, such as high-level MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma-derived homolog) amplification, for risk stratification. Given the relative paucity of recurrent, activating, somatic point mutations or gene fusions in primary neuroblastoma tumors studied at initial diagnosis, innovative treatment approaches beyond small molecules targeting mutated or dysregulated kinases will be required moving forward to achieve noticeable improvements in overall patient survival. However, the clonally acquired, oncogenic aberrations in relapsed neuroblastomas are currently being defined and may offer an opportunity to improve patient outcomes with molecularly targeted therapy directed toward aberrantly regulated pathways in relapsed disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about neuroblastoma genetics and genomics, highlighting the improved prognostication and potential therapeutic opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in understanding germline predisposition, recurrent segmental chromosomal alterations, somatic point mutations and translocations, and clonal evolution in relapsed neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Martino J, Fisher BT, Bosse KR, Bagatell R. Suspected posaconazole toxicity in a pediatric oncology patient. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1682. [PMID: 25950873 PMCID: PMC4643841 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Martino
- Correspondence to: Jessica Martino, PharmD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pharmacy, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| | - Brian T. Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Schnepp
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sterling ME, Long CJ, Bosse KR, Bagatell R, Shukla AR. A rapid progression of disease after surgical excision of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the bladder. Urology 2015; 85:664-6. [PMID: 25582817 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. Five-year overall survival for patients with MRTs is poor at approximately 20%.(1) There are 5 case reports of histologically confirmed primary MRT of the bladder in pediatric patients. Herein, we report a case of an MRT of the bladder in a 14-year-old boy and discuss the preoperative evaluation, treatment options, and possible etiologies of metastasis after radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Sterling
- Division of Urology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Christopher J Long
- Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aseem R Shukla
- Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Bosse KR, Diskin SJ, Cole K, Mayes P, Winter C, Diamond M, Laudenslager M, Attiyeh EF, Norris G, Mosse YP, Capasso M, Devoto M, Rappaport ER, Irminger I, Maris JM. Abstract 3867: Understanding the neuroblastoma predisposition signal at chromosome 2q35: Identification of the β-BARD1 isoform as an oncogenic driver. Epidemiology 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bosse KR, Shukla AR, Pawel B, Chikwava KR, Santi M, Tooke L, Castagna K, Biegel JA, Bagatell R. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the bladder and ganglioglioma in a 14 year-old male with a germline 22q11.2 deletion. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:415-9. [PMID: 25018128 PMCID: PMC7412592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare pediatric malignancies characterized by clinically aggressive lesions that typically show loss of SMARCB1 expression. We herein describe a case of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the bladder in a 14-year-old male with an autism spectrum disorder and a de novo 3 Mb germline deletion in chromosome band 22q11.2 that included the SMARCB1 gene. The malignancy developed in the setting of chronic hematuria (>2 years) following the occurrence of two other lesions: a central nervous system ganglioglioma and an intraoral dermoid cyst. MRTs of the bladder are exceedingly rare, and this patient is the oldest child reported with this tumor to date. This case adds to the growing body of literature regarding the recently described, phenotypically diverse, distal 22q11.2 syndrome. Furthermore, this is the first reported case in which an MRT of the bladder appears to have developed from a pre-existing bladder lesion. Finally, this case further supports a rhabdoid tumorigenesis model in which heterozygous loss of SMARCB1 predisposes to initial tumor formation with intact SMARCB1 expression, with subsequent inactivation of the other SMARCB1 allele, which results in transformation into more malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aseem R Shukla
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kudakwashe R Chikwava
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Tooke
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Castagna
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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36
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Diskin SJ, Capasso M, Diamond M, Oldridge DA, Conkrite K, Bosse KR, Russell MR, Iolascon A, Hakonarson H, Devoto M, Maris JM. Rare variants in TP53 and susceptibility to neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju047. [PMID: 24634504 PMCID: PMC3982892 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human malignancies; however, de novo somatic mutations in childhood embryonal cancers such as neuroblastoma are rare. We report on the analysis of three independent case-control cohorts comprising 10290 individuals and demonstrate that rs78378222 and rs35850753, rare germline variants in linkage disequilibrium that map to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TP53 and 5' UTR of the Δ133 isoform of TP53, respectively, are robustly associated with neuroblastoma (rs35850753: odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 3.6, P combined = 3.43×10(-12); rs78378222: OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.8 to 2.9, P combined = 2.03×10(-11)). All statistical tests were two-sided. These findings add neuroblastoma to the complex repertoire of human cancers influenced by the rs78378222 hypomorphic allele, which impairs proper termination and polyadenylation of TP53 transcripts. Future studies using whole-genome sequencing data are likely to reveal additional rare variants with large effect sizes contributing to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Diskin
- Affiliations of authors: Division of Oncology (SJD, MDi, DAO, KC, KRB, MRR, JMM), Center for Childhood Cancer Research (SJD, MDi, DAO, KC, KRB, MRR, JMM), Center for Applied Genomics (HH), and Division of Genetics (HH, MDe) Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (SJD, DAO, KRB, HH, MDe, JMM), Abramson Cancer Center (SJD, JMM), Genomics and Computational Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies (SJD, DAO, JMM), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (MDe), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (SJD, HH, MDe, JMM); Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy (MC, AI); Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy (MC, AI); University of Rome "La Sapienza," Department of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy (MDe)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA.
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Wood AC, Pugh TJ, Morozova O, Koster J, Molenaar JJ, Pineros V, Bosse KR, Perin JC, Diskin S, Diamond MA, Marra M, Meyerson M, Versteeg R, Maris JM. Abstract 3804: Rare DNA variants are enriched at the BARD1 locus and likely influence neuroblastoma susceptibility. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in neuroblastoma identified 8 regions where common polymorphisms are associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. However, the biological mechanisms and causal SNPs are largely unknown. Rare variants, potentially in linkage with common polymorphisms but with a higher effect size, may contribute to cancer susceptibility at GWAS-defined loci and provide biological insight into mechanism.
METHODS: To identify rare variants at neuroblastoma GWAS loci we performed ultradeep targeted resequencing of BARD1 and LMO1 on peripheral blood DNA using RainDance microdroplet RDT1000 PCR enrichment, and HiSeq2000 single end 100 bp reads. We aggregated existing whole-genome and exome sequence data from constitutional DNA of neuroblastoma cases (Molenaar et al, Nature 2012; NCI TARGET) on all replicated neuroblastoma GWAS regions.
RESULTS: Exon sequence data were available for 517 cases for BARD1, and 330 cases for LMO1, LINC00340, LIN28B-HACE1, LMO1, DUSP12, DDX4-IL3RA, and HSB17B12 (all genes with replicated associations to NB). The highest frequency of rare potentially damaging variants occurred in BARD1 with 7/517 cases (1.4%) containing novel (n=4) or rare (n=3) variants as defined by ESP6500, 1000 genomes project, and dbSNP135. Rare variants at BARD1 were associated with homozygosity or heterozygosity for the protective alleles. Using SIFT, PolyPhen-2 or MutationTaster, 6/7 variants were predicted to be deleterious, including a nonsense mutation in the domain mediating BARD1-BRCA1 heterodimerization and a nonsense mutation in a BRCT domain implicated in homology directed repair. Sanger sequencing of tumor DNA and RNA confirmed both nonsense mutations were present in their respective primary tumors. HEK293 cells transfected with BARD1 nonsense variants showed decreased stabilization of BRCA1.
CONCLUSION: Novel and potentially damaging mutations in BARD1 exons are present in the constitutional DNA of ∼1% of patients with neuroblastoma and may contribute to disease susceptibility. However, BARD1 rare variants were not tagged by the common risk alleles providing an alternative mechanism to prime neuroblasts towards transformation. Further functional work, expansion of the targeted resequencing discovery cohort as a prelude to a larger case-control comparison, and incorporation of ENCODE data into analysis of non-coding SNPs may provide critical insights into neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
Citation Format: Andrew C. Wood, Trevor J. Pugh, Olena Morozova, Jan Koster, Jan J. Molenaar, Vanessa Pineros, Kristopher R. Bosse, Juan C. Perin, Sharon Diskin, Maura A. Diamond, Marco Marra, Matthew Meyerson, Rogier Versteeg, John M. Maris. Rare DNA variants are enriched at the BARD1 locus and likely influence neuroblastoma susceptibility. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3804. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3804
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olena Morozova
- 3BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Koster
- 4AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Juan C. Perin
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sharon Diskin
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Marco Marra
- 3BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Bosse KR, Diskin SJ, Cole KA, Wood AC, Schnepp RW, Norris G, Nguyen LB, Jagannathan J, Laquaglia M, Winter C, Diamond M, Hou C, Attiyeh EF, Mosse YP, Pineros V, Dizin E, Zhang Y, Asgharzadeh S, Seeger RC, Capasso M, Pawel BR, Devoto M, Hakonarson H, Rappaport EF, Irminger-Finger I, Maris JM. Common variation at BARD1 results in the expression of an oncogenic isoform that influences neuroblastoma susceptibility and oncogenicity. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2068-78. [PMID: 22350409 PMCID: PMC3328617 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility at loci discovered by genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches in human cancer remain largely undefined. In this study, we characterized the high-risk neuroblastoma association at the BRCA1-related locus, BARD1, showing that disease-associated variations correlate with increased expression of the oncogenically activated isoform, BARD1β. In neuroblastoma cells, silencing of BARD1β showed genotype-specific cytotoxic effects, including decreased substrate-adherence, anchorage-independence, and foci growth. In established murine fibroblasts, overexpression of BARD1β was sufficient for neoplastic transformation. BARD1β stabilized the Aurora family of kinases in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting both a mechanism for the observed effect and a potential therapeutic strategy. Together, our findings identify BARD1β as an oncogenic driver of high-risk neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, and more generally, they illustrate how robust GWAS signals offer genomic landmarks to identify molecular mechanisms involved in both tumor initiation and malignant progression. The interaction of BARD1β with the Aurora family of kinases lends strong support to the ongoing work to develop Aurora kinase inhibitors for clinically aggressive neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Kristina A. Cole
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Andrew C. Wood
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Robert W. Schnepp
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Geoffrey Norris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Le B. Nguyen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Jayanti Jagannathan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Michael Laquaglia
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Cynthia Winter
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Maura Diamond
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Edward F. Attiyeh
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Yael P. Mosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Vanessa Pineros
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Eva Dizin
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; University Hospitals Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; University Hospitals Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology - Oncology and Saban Research Institute; The Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA, 90007; USA
| | - Robert C. Seeger
- Division of Hematology - Oncology and Saban Research Institute; The Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA, 90007; USA
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, 80145; Italy
| | - Bruce R. Pawel
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Division of Genetics; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza; Rome, 00185; Italy
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- The Center for Applied Genomics; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Eric F. Rappaport
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
| | - Irmgard Irminger-Finger
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; University Hospitals Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104; USA
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