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Zeeni N, Abi Kharma J, Malli D, Khoury-Malhame M, Mattar L. Exposure to Instagram junk food content negatively impacts mood and cravings in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Appetite 2024; 195:107209. [PMID: 38228246 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to different types of images on social media is known to affect physical and mental wellbeing including changes in perception of body image (BI) and dietary behavior. The present study aimed to assess the effects of junk food-related Instagram content exposure on body image, overall mood, and cravings in young adults. A randomized crossover experimental design was used. After filling out a baseline survey, participants (n = 63, aged 18-24) browsed either a control Instagram account feed or an account rich in junk food images during 15 min. They then filled a short survey evaluating their state BI, mood, and cravings (T1). After a 1-week washout period (T2), participants browsed the other account type followed by the same short survey as in T1. Results showed that exposure to junk food content was associated with increased feelings of hunger, stress, sadness, and exhaustion, in addition to higher salty, savory, and fatty food cravings. Moreover, participants showed higher desire for junk food and lower desire for healthy food items from a virtual food tray after junk food content exposure. There was no impact of content type on state BI dissatisfaction. In conclusion, exposure to junk-food related content on social media negatively affects mood and cravings, subsequently influencing food choices. The present findings shed light on the need for interventions aimed at providing cognitive and emotional competencies for enhancing media literacy and promoting mindful social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Zeeni
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Joelle Abi Kharma
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Dana Malli
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Myriam Khoury-Malhame
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
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Kern L, Mattar L, Kotbagi G, Romo L, Morvan Y. Is Problematic Physical Activity (PPA) a Uni- or Multi-Dimensional Concept? A Bifactor Analysis of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:106-134. [PMID: 38061396 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231218745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The study of exercise dependence, or as we prefer, problematic physical activity (PPA), faces both theoretical and methodological challenges. Different factorial solutions were obtained for the widely used Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), leading us to question both its latent underlying construct and the interpretation of its factor solutions. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the use of a bifactor model (BCFA), we assessed the dimensionality of a French version of the EDS-R. We recruited 745 students from Paris Nanterre University, but we removed 88 responses (16.8%) to retain only those who (a) engaged in a moderate to high levels of physical activity, according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; N = 494; 9.5%), and (b) completed the EDS-R. We used a final sample of 435 students (58.4% of the total population) for a factorial analysis of the EDS-R. We conducted a three-step CFA in Mplus, producing three models: (a) unidimensional, (b) second-order, and (c) bi-factor (BCFA). The results of the BCFA indicated that most EDS-R items were better indicators of a general factor than their respective group factors, except for the second factor measuring a withdrawal construct. These results add to an ongoing debate in the field of behavioral addiction as to how to better conceptualize and measure exercise dependence or PPA. Withdrawal appears to have a special position in this debate, since our BCFA suggested that it is the only specific sub-dimension of the EDS-R scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Kern
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Neurosciences, Physiologie et Psychologie: Apprentissages, Activité Physique et Santé, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Psychologie Clinique, Psychanalyse et Psychologie du Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Lucia Romo
- Psychologie Clinique, Psychanalyse et Psychologie du Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Service de pathologie professionnelles et de l'environnement, Assistance Publiques des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Yannick Morvan
- Psychologie Clinique, Psychanalyse et Psychologie du Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- CESP, Equipe Psychiatrie du développement et des trajectoires, INSERM, Paris, France
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Robinson J, Nitschke E, Tovar A, Mattar L, Gottesman K, Hamlett P, Rozga M. Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions Provided by Nutrition and Exercise Practitioners for the General Population: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline From the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Council on Exercise. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1215-1237.e5. [PMID: 37061182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
A nutritious diet and adequate physical activity vitally contribute to disease prevention, but most adults do not meet population-based dietary and physical activity recommendations. Qualified nutrition and exercise practitioners can address challenges to adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors by providing consistent, individualized, and evidence-based education and programming within their professional scopes of practice to improve client outcomes. The objective of this evidence-based practice guideline is to inform practice decisions for nutrition and exercise practitioners providing nutrition and physical activity interventions for adults who are healthy or have cardiometabolic risk factors, but no diagnosed disease. Evidence from a systematic review was translated to practice recommendations using an evidence-to-decision framework by an interdisciplinary team of nutrition and exercise practitioners and researchers. This evidence-based practice guideline does not provide specific dietary or physical activity recommendations but rather informs nutrition and exercise practitioners how they may utilize existing guidelines for the general population to individualize programming for a range of clients. This evidence-based practice guideline provides widely applicable recommendation statements and a detailed framework to help practitioners implement the recommendations into practice. Common barriers and facilitators encountered when delivering nutrition and physical activity interventions, such as adherence to professional scopes of practice; methods to support behavior change; and methods to support inclusion, diversity, equity, and access, are discussed. Nutrition and exercise practitioners can consistently provide individualized, practical, and evidence-based interventions by seeking to understand their clients' needs, circumstances, and values and by co-creating interventions with the client and their allied health team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Robinson
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California
| | - Erin Nitschke
- Department of Exercise Science, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming
| | | | - Lama Mattar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Kimberly Gottesman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peggy Hamlett
- Department of Kinesiology, Washington State University Pullman, Washington
| | - Mary Rozga
- Evidence Analysis Center, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois.
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Kalash N, Harb H, Zeeni N, El Khoury M, Mattar L. Determinants of body image disturbance and disordered eating behaviors among self-identified LGBTQ individuals. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:87. [PMID: 37268956 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been previously established that sexual minorities are more likely to suffer from mental health illnesses due to experiencing unique stressors such as fear, anxiety, stigma, harassment, and prejudice. Results revealed two noteworthy mental health disorders reported by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals, disordered eating behaviors and disturbed body image. Yet, a-priori studies revealed inconsistent results with regards to body image concerns and eating disorder symptoms and attitudes among sexual minorities. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the occurrence of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and body image disturbance (BID) among sexual minorities in Lebanon. Additionally, the correlation between several determinants of DEB and BID including fear of negative evaluation, generalized anxiety, social support, and harassment levels have been examined. Generally, the present study revealed that LGBTQ population scored higher than cisgender and heterosexual individuals for the mean and global scores of the EDE-Q6.0 and BAS-2. Only generalized anxiety and fear of negative evaluation scales were significantly associated with DEB and BID among different sexual orientation and gender identity individuals. Therefore, it is very important that health professionals working with such vulnerable populations meticulously assess for disordered eating behaviors and body image disturbance for better communication and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Kalash
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, Chouran, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Hana Harb
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, Chouran, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Zeeni
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, Chouran, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Myriam El Khoury
- Psychology Program, Department of Social Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, Chouran, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon.
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Mattar L, Hassan H, Kalash N, Malli D, Diab-El-Harake M, Nassour S, Jomaa L. Assessing the nutritional content and adequacy of food parcels among vulnerable Lebanese during a double crisis: COVID-19 pandemic and an economic meltdown. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1271-1283. [PMID: 36779273 PMCID: PMC10346028 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the nutritional content and quality of food parcels distributed in Lebanon and assess their adherence to dietary guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and an unprecedented economic crisis. DESIGN Cross-sectional study (June-July 2020); phone survey (thirty items). SETTING Lebanon. PARTICIPANTS Food parcel providers (FPP; n 72) involved in food parcel distribution (FPD), mainly to Lebanese households. RESULTS FPP included international non-governmental organizations (INGO) (n 3), local non-governmental organizations (n 45) and personal initiatives (n 24). Overall, low adherence to the World Food Programme (WFP) food parcel guidelines were observed among FPP for specific food items, including vegetables, fish, legumes and cereals, whereas salt content significantly surpassed the guidelines (all P-values <0·001). On average, a food parcel provided 608·4 ± 55 kcal/d/person. The greatest contributors to total energy intake (TE) in the food parcel were carbohydrates (46·4 %) and fats (46·8 %), while protein contributed to 7 %TE. In addition, %TE from fats and sugars significantly surpassed the dietary reference intakes (DRI) for a single person per d (134-234 % and 185 % of DRI, respectively, P-values <0·001). Only 10-15 % of daily needs for key micronutrients, including Fe, Zn, thiamin, riboflavin and dietary folate, were met through the food parcels. Adequate food safety and hygiene practices were reported among FPP, yet dramatic changes in food costs due to overlapping crises affected the quality and quantity of food in parcels. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the need to improve the nutritional content of food parcels and adherence to dietary guidelines to alleviate food and nutrition insecurity while preventing diet-related diseases among vulnerable beneficiaries in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Hassan
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Kalash
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana Malli
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Diab-El-Harake
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Nassour
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Chauvin V, Villarino RTH, Bernard P, Yazbek H, Kern L, Hokayem M, Mattar L, Kotbagi G, Rizk M, Morvan Y, Baillot A, Romain AJ. Impacts of social restrictions on mental health and health behaviours of individuals with multimorbidity during Covid-19 pandemic. J Multimorb Comorb 2023; 13:26335565231221609. [PMID: 38106621 PMCID: PMC10725145 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231221609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Social restrictions and their possible impact on lifestyle make people with multimorbidity (≥2 co-existing chronic conditions) more vulnerable to poor perceived mental health and health behaviours modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To understand the mental health status and health behaviour modifications among individuals with multimorbidity during different levels of COVID-19 social restrictions. Methods Longitudinal multinational cohort study consisting of two online questionnaires with its first wave taken place while social restrictions were imposed (May 2020), and its second wave with less social restrictions in place (November 2020). Including 559 participants (wave 1) and 147 participants from wave 1 (wave 2) with an average age of 34.30±12.35 and 36.21±13.07 years old. Mostly females living in Canada, France, India and Lebanon. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 27.68% (wave 1) and 35.37% (wave 2). While social restrictions were imposed, people with multimorbidity were 2 to 3 times more likely to experience psychological distress, depressive symptoms, increased stress or isolation than those without multimorbidity. Health behaviours were also modified during this period with people with multimorbidity being more likely to reduce their physical activity and increased their fruit and vegetable consumption. In wave 2, regardless of multimorbidity status, sexual desire continuously decreased while stress and psychological distress increased. Conclusion Mental health and health behaviours modifications occurred while social restrictions were imposed and people with multimorbidity were more severely impacted than those without multimorbidity, indicating a need for a more adapted approach of care during socially restrictive periods for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chauvin
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paquito Bernard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanan Yazbek
- Centre local de services communautaires, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marie Hokayem
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Melissa Rizk
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | | | - Aurélie Baillot
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Monfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Jérôme Romain
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abi Nader P, Hadla R, Majed L, Mattar L, Sayegh S. Results from the Lebanese 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:14-19. [PMID: 36349302 PMCID: PMC9634469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Lebanese Active Healthy Kids Work Group (LAHKWG) synthesized literature published on physical activity (PA) indicators among ages 5- to 17- year-olds, using a recommended harmonized process by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA), to explore Lebanon's performance since its previous report card publication. Methods Peer reviewed literature, national surveys, and gray literature published since 2017, on 10 common AHKGA and two LAHKWG recommended indicators were examined. Common indicators included overall PA, organized sport and PA, active play, active transportation, community and environment, sedentary behaviors, physical fitness, family and peers, school, and government. LAHKWG recommended indicators were sleep and weight status. LAHKWG members reviewed 764 records, of which 28 were selected for full review. A grade was assigned for each indicator using AHKGA's grading rubric and established benchmarks on data from nationally representative samples for children and youth. Results Data from one nationally representative sample were available for ages 13–17 years (i.e., no data <13 years). Five indicators received “Incomplete” (organized sport and PA; active Play; physical fitness; family and peers; community and environment); overall PA received a D-; active transportation and sleep received a D+; school and government received a D; sedentary behaviors received a C; and weight status received a B-. Conclusion The LAHKWG strongly encourages stakeholders to take concrete actions towards prioritizing PA promotion at a national level especially in the education sector. Offering more quality PA opportunities for Lebanese children and youth will be beneficial for their physical and mental health in any context.
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Kawtharani F, El Khoury CF, Mattar L. Assessment of hospital malnutrition care practices: The case of a low middle income country. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:314-317. [PMID: 35871940 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To improve hospital malnutrition care, assessing actual malnutrition practices and knowledge is essential. Our objectives are to assess malnutrition care practices, evaluate dietitians' malnutrition knowledge, and explore barriers and facilitators to optimal malnutrition care in a LMIC hospitals. METHODS This is a national cross-sectional study of mixed-method design. Two questionnaires from the Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiative were used to assess malnutrition care practices and dietitians' malnutrition knowledge. In-depth interviews were used to investigate barriers and facilitators to optimal malnutrition care. RESULTS Mean average for malnutrition care practices score was 20.96 out of 30 (N = 56). Factors affecting malnutrition practices were: (1) private/public affiliation of the hospital and (2) presence of a documented malnutrition protocol. Dietitians (N = 62) working at academic hospitals scored 57% for malnutrition knowledge which was higher than the score for those working at non-academic hospitals (44%). Gaps in malnutrition knowledge among hospital staff, shortage in hospital staff, and lack of financial coverage for nutrition therapy were the main barriers identified from eight in-depth interviews. CONCLUSION Efforts should be taken by decision makers to facilitate malnutrition care and increase malnutrition awareness among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kawtharani
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Cosette Fakih El Khoury
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION OpenWHO provides open-access, online, free and real-time learning responses to health emergencies, which includes capacitating healthcare providers, first liners, medical students and even the general public. During the pandemic and to date, an additional 40 courses for COVID-19 response have led to a massive increase in the number of learners and a change in user's trends. This paper presents initial findings on enrollment trends, use and completion rates of health emergency courses offered on OpenWHO. METHODS The enrolment data statistics were drawn from OpenWHO's built-in reporting system, which tracks learners' enrolments, completion rates, demographics and other key course-related data, This information was collected from the beginning of the OpenWHO launch in 2017 up until October 2021. RESULTS Average course completion rate on OpenWHO including all courses and languages was equal to 45.9%. Nearly half (46.4%) of all OpenWHO learners have enrolled in at least 2 courses and 71 000 superusers have completed at least 10 courses on the platform. CONCLUSION WHO's learning platform during the pandemic registered record high completion rates and repeat learners enrollment. This highlights the massive impact of the OpenWHO online learning platform for health emergencies and the tangible knowledge transfer and access to health literacy.
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El Chaar D, El Khoury C, Mattar L. AND/ASPEN and GLIM Malnutrition Diagnostic Tools Identify Similar Malnutrition-Related Risk Factors. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193705 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac060.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim is to determine whether different malnutrition diagnostic tools [European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND/ASPEN) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)] are associated with common malnutrition-related risk factors in a sample of newly admitted hospital patients. Methods This study is a prospective observational study. Newly admitted hospital patients were screened for nutritional risk. At-risk patients were then assessed for malnutrition using ESPEN, AND/ASPEN and GLIM criteria. Bivariate analyses were computed for all predictors and tested with the result of the nutritional assessment of each of the diagnostic tools. Similarly, a logistic regression was then conducted to determine the predictors associated with each malnutrition diagnostic criteria. Results 578 patients were screened for malnutrition, of which 121(20.93%) were nutritionally at risk and were subjected to nutritional assessment. The regression model suggested that the presence of pressure ulcers (OR 21.252, 95% CI 4.495–100.485), higher Charlson Comorbidiy Index (CCI) score (OR 1.321, 95% CI 1.098–1.591), lower Body Mass Index (BMI) (OR 0.478, 95% CI 0.389–0.588), and older age (OR 1.035, 95% CI 1.005–1.065) were significant predictors of malnutrition diagnosed on ESPEN criteria. While female gender [(OR 2.406, 95% CI 1.446–4.004); (OR 2.300; 95% CI 1.397–3.786)], lower BMI [(OR 0.842, 95% CI 0.792–0.895); (OR 0.835 95% CI 0.785–0.888)], higher CCI score [(OR 1.323,95% 1.185–1.477); (OR = 1.294, 95% CI 1.164–1.438)] and pressure ulcers presence [(OR 15.501, 95% CI 3.650–66.661); (OR 15.816; 95%CI 3.683–67.926)] were significant predictors of malnutrition diagnosed through AND/ASPEN and GLIM criteria respectively. Admission to the orthopedics unit indicated 91% lower risk of malnutrition on both tools respectively [(OR 0.090, 95% CI 0.008–0.968); (OR 0.090, 95% CI 0.008–0.962)]. Conclusions The presence of pressure ulcers, higher CCI score and lower BMI were the significant predictors that were associated with malnutrition on all tools. AND/ASPEN and GLIM diagnostic tools predicted the same risk factors. Funding Sources Lebanese American University.
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Jomaa L, Diab-El-Harake M, Kharroubi S, Mattar L. Associations Between Food Literacy and Food Insecurity Among College Students in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193301 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac051.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aims to explore the eating and food literacy behaviours of college students in Lebanon and to examine their associations with food insecurity (FI). Methods An online survey was administered among college students enrolled in public and private universities in Lebanon. FI was assessed using the Food and Drug Administration (FAO) eight-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), previously validated and used in this context. The eating and food literacy behaviors of college students were assessed using the Eating and Food Literacy Behaviors (EFLBQ) tool. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations of food literacy behaviors with FI. Results FI was reported among 39% of study participants. Approximately half of college students in the study sample reported that they “never” or “seldom” ate a balanced diet (55.6%) and consumed healthy food (47.7%). Less frequent food literacy behaviors reported among college students included: “select healthy foods “(37.5%)”, and” plan what I will eat” (33.2%). However, most college students do “often” or “always” eat foods convenient to them (82.9%) and prepare food made quickly (71.9%). Significant differences were observed in several food literacy behaviors between food secure and insecure students. For instance, food insecure students less frequently buy foods that are healthy (p < 0.001), select healthy foods (p = 0.004), cook healthy foods (p = 0.020) and choose nutritionally balanced meals (p < 0.001) compared to food secure ones. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that behaviors related to nutrition and food preparation were all statistically independently associated with FI. Food insecure participants were significantly less likely to “choose nutritionally balanced meals (OR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.45,3.03), “read nutrition information before” (OR = 1.93, 95% CI:1.31,2.84), or “buy foods that are healthy” (OR = 1.87, 95% CI:1.26,2.78). In terms of food preparation, food insecure participants were 1.85 times more likely to report that they “never” or “seldom” accurately measure dry food ingredients when preparing food (OR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.30,2.64). Conclusions Findings highlight the need for nutrition education interventions to improve food literacy and alleviate FI among college students in Lebanon. Funding Sources American University of Beirut.
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Nitschke E, Gottesman K, Hamlett P, Mattar L, Robinson J, Tovar A, Rozga M. Impact of Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions Provided by Nutrition and Exercise Practitioners for the Adult General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091729. [PMID: 35565696 PMCID: PMC9103154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary intake and physical activity reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of interventions including both nutrition and physical activity provided by nutrition and exercise practitioners for adults in the general population (those without diagnosed disease). The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SportDiscus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2010 until April 2021. Outcomes included physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, waist circumference, percent weight loss, quality of life (QoL) and adverse events. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods were used to synthesize and grade evidence. Meta-analyses were stratified according to participant health status. The database search identified 11,205 articles, and 31 RCTs were included. Interventions increased physical activity amount [standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% CI): 0.25 (0.08, 0.43)] (low certainty evidence); increased vegetable intake [SMD (95% CI): 0.14 (0.05, 0.23)] (moderate certainty evidence); reduced waist circumference [MD (95% CI): −2.16 cm (−2.96, −1.36)] (high certainty evidence); and increased likelihood of achieving 5% weight loss for adults with overweight and obesity [relative risk (95% CI): 2.37 (1.76, 3.19)] (high certainty evidence). Very low and low certainty evidence described little-to-no effect on QoL or adverse events. Nutrition and exercise practitioners play key roles in facilitating positive lifestyle behaviors to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Nitschke
- Department of Exercise Science, Laramie County Community College, 1400 E College Drive, Cheyenne, WY 82007, USA;
| | - Kimberly Gottesman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 South University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA;
| | - Peggy Hamlett
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Lama Mattar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 10150, Lebanon;
| | - Justin Robinson
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr, San Diego, CA 92106, USA;
| | - Ashley Tovar
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA;
| | - Mary Rozga
- Evidence Analysis Center, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120 S Riverside Plaza, Suite 2190, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(312)-899-1758
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13
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El Chaar D, Mattar L, Fakih El Khoury C. AND/ASPEN and the GLIM Malnutrition Diagnostic Criteria have a High Degree of Criterion Validity and Reliability for the Identification of Malnutrition in a Hospital Setting: A Single-Center Prospective Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1061-1070. [PMID: 35147234 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple malnutrition diagnostic tools are available in clinical practice yet evidence on their validity and reliability is limited. We aim to assess and compare the validity and reliability of the different combinations of indicators of the three diagnostic tools most used compared to two validated malnutrition screening tools. METHODS Nutritional risk screening was evaluated using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002), and nutritional assessment was conducted using different combinations of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND/ASPEN), The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). Concurrent criterion validity and inter-rater reliability of the overall and the different combinations of indicators in the diagnostic tools were evaluated and compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen's kappa (ĸ) were calculated to determine tool validity and reliability. RESULTS AND/ASPEN [132(22.8%)] combination and GLIM-1 [133(23.0%)] (weight loss + compromised food intake) predicted the highest number of malnourished patients and reported a high degree of concurrent criterion validity, agreement, and reliability. On the contrary, overall ESPEN (using any combination) and GLIM-2 (reduced Body Mass Index-BMI + compromised food intake) reported only moderate criterion validity and low agreement and reliability. CONCLUSION Different combinations of diagnostic criteria led to varying validity and reliability, with the lowest validation results rising from the combinations of indicators using BMI as a criterion for malnutrition diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana El Chaar
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University
| | - Lama Mattar
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University
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14
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George R, Utunen H, Ndiaye N, Tokar A, Mattar L, Piroux C, Gamhewage G. Ensuring equity in access to online courses: Perspectives from the WHO health emergency learning response. World Med & Health Policy 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richelle George
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Heini Utunen
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Ngouille Ndiaye
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Anna Tokar
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Lama Mattar
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Corentin Piroux
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
| | - Gaya Gamhewage
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, WHO Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
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15
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Utunen H, Ndiaye N, Attias M, Mattar L, Tokar A, Gamhewage G. Multilingual Approach to COVID-19 Online Learning Response on OpenWHO.org. Stud Health Technol Inform 2022; 289:192-195. [PMID: 35062125 DOI: 10.3233/shti210892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of equitable access to emergency-related knowledge, the World Health Organization (WHO) translates COVID-19 and other infectious disease courses into multiple languages on its open-access online learning platform OpenWHO.org. Languages spoken by vulnerable or underserved populations in low- and middle-income countries and in outbreak-prone and affected areas are prioritized. Accessing learning in preferred languages enhances uptake and comprehension. In this study, we assess and compare the initial enrollment levels and global reach of these multilingual courses. On average, OpenWHO's 38 COVID-19 courses have each been translated into 4.8 languages. The platform hosts courses in 55 different languages with 10.4 million words translated. The findings identify which available languages were most utilized for COVID-19 learning to inform course production and outreach strategies. Languages were used differently across geographic regions, calling for localized learning offerings. A streamlined multilingual publishing scheme, ensuring quick and effective delivery of diverse languages, is critical to achieving greater equity of access to knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lama Mattar
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Tokar
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Schils R, Altdorfer A, Berger L, Fontaine C, Herens S, Mattar L, Robinet S. [Clarithromycin consumption at the University Hospital of Liege in 2019. Retrospective study]. Rev Med Liege 2022; 77:32-38. [PMID: 35029338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are one of the treatments of choice in community-acquired pneumonia, either when the clinical and/or biological elements suggest an infection by an intracellular bacteria (so-called atypical), or when the severity of the clinical picture justifies their empirical use. This work is a retrospective monocentric study carried out at the University Hospital of Liege on 25 consecutive patients hospitalized during the year 2019. It aims to specify whether the use of a particular macrolide, clarithromycin, actually meets the national recommendations both in terms of indication, dosage or duration. The results showed justified and adequate use in only 44 % of cases. Nevertheless, the indication was overwhelmingly mentioned in the medical record (96 %). Furthermore, the comparison with national data showed a much higher than average use at the University Hospital of Liege. An action plan is suggested to discuss these results within the Antibiotic Therapy Management Group and then communicate them to the prescribers who are concerned. The aim is to adapt the use of macrolides at the University Hospital of Liege to be more in line with national recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schils
- Service des Maladies infectieuses, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - A Altdorfer
- Service des Maladies infectieuses, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgique
| | - L Berger
- Pharmacie, CHBA Seraing, Belgique
| | - C Fontaine
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - S Herens
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - L Mattar
- Pharmacie, Sankt Nikolaus Hospital, Eupen, Belgique
| | - S Robinet
- Service des Soins intensifs, CHU Liège, Belgique
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17
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Utunen H, Ndiaye N, Mattar L, Christen P, Stucke O, Gamhewage G. Changes in Users Trends Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic on WHO's Online Learning Platform. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 287:163-164. [PMID: 34795103 DOI: 10.3233/shti210838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OpenWHO provides open access, online, free and real time learning responses to health emergencies. Before the pandemic, courses on 18 diseases were provided. The increase to 38 courses in response to COVID-19 have led to a massive increase in the number of new learners. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic affected learners' trends. This paper presents initial findings of changes perceived in the use and user groups' attendance to the World Health Organization's (WHO) health emergency learning platform OpenWHO. Enrolment statistics were based on data collected in December 2019 and March 2021. A descriptive analysis was conducted to explore changes in the usage pattern of the platform. Several user characteristics shifted between before and during the pandemic. More women, younger and older learners joined the learning during the pandemic. Public health education leaned toward a more equitable reach including previously underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lama Mattar
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Riquin E, Raynal A, Mattar L, Lalanne C, Hirot F, Huas C, Duclos J, Berthoz S, Godart N. Is the Severity of the Clinical Expression of Anorexia Nervosa Influenced by an Anxiety, Depressive, or Obsessive-Compulsive Comorbidity Over a Lifetime? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:658416. [PMID: 34279519 PMCID: PMC8280337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between anxiety or depressive comorbidities, their chronology of onset, and the severity of anorexia nervosa (AN) is not well-studied. We hypothesize that the existence of a comorbidity, particularly before the onset of AN, is associated with greater severity of AN. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven subjects were assessed. The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia (SP) as well as their chronology of onset were studied. The assessment criteria of AN severity were the overall clinical condition, body mass index (BMI) on admission, lowest BMI, intensity of the eating symptoms, age at the onset of AN, illness duration, number of hospitalizations, and quality of life. Results: Patients with AN had the greatest clinical severity when they had a comorbid disorder over their lifetime, such as MDD, GAD, or SP. These comorbidities along with OCD were associated with a higher level of eating symptoms and a more altered quality of life. A profile of maximum severity was associated with a higher prevalence of MDD and GAD. Concerning the chronology of onset, the age at the start of AN was later in cases of MDD or GAD prior to AN. Conclusion: There seems to be an association between severity of AN and both MDD and GAD. The chronology of onset of the comorbidity did not seem to be associated with the severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers [Angers University Hospital], Angers, France
- Laboratory of Psychology, LPPL EA4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Centre Pierre Daguet, Sablé-sur-Sarthe, France
| | - Agathe Raynal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CH du Rouvray-CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences-Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Université Paris Diderot [Paris Diderot University], Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - France Hirot
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Huas
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193—SCALab—Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Lille, France
- Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, GHICL, Département de Psychiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Univ. Bordeaux INCIA CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Paris, France
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil [Simone Veil Health Science Training and Research Unit], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines [Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University], Versailles, France
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19
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Dimassi H, Haddad R, Awada R, Mattar L, Hassan HF. Food shopping and food hygiene related knowledge and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a developing country. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:9384. [PMID: 34497780 PMCID: PMC8404529 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the level of food hygiene and food shopping knowledge and practices among residents of Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify their socio-demographic determinants. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire composed of 13 questions about demographics, and 25 questions related to knowledge and practices in terms of hand maintenance, mask placing, and food shopping. A total of 1337 participants filled the survey. On average, participants scored 73±15 and 67±17% on food hygiene and knowledge and practices, respectively. In terms of best practices by section, they scored 77±22, 51±42, and 65±23% on hand maintenance, mask placing and shopping, respectively. Hand maintenance best practices score was significantly (p<0.05) affected by gender; mask placing best practices score was significantly affected by age and major of study; shopping best practices score was significantly affected by gender; overall best practices score was significantly affected by gender and major of study; food hygiene knowledge score was significantly affected by gender, age, marital status, educational level, and major of study. Food hygiene practices and knowledge scores were significantly (p<0.001) related with a weak correlation coefficient (R=0.114). No study has determined the food hygiene and shopping knowledge and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos
| | - Rita Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, Nutrition Program, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut
| | - Rana Awada
- Rammal Hassan Research Laboratory, Physio-toxicity Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Department of Natural Sciences, Nutrition Program, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut
| | - Hussein F Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Nutrition Program, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut
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20
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El Chaar D, El Khoury CF, Ouaijan K, Mattar L. The Use of Different Muscle Assessment Techniques to Assess Validity of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab057_003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To assess which combination of indicators in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic tool better predicts malnutrition. Additionally, to compare the validity of GLIM upon the use of different muscle assessment techniques for the assessment of muscle loss.
Methods
Nutritional screening was performed through the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) or the Mini-Nutrition Assessment-Full Form (MNA-FF). Nutritionally at-risk patients were assessed for malnutrition using the GLIM criterion. Fat free muscle index (FFMI), nutrition focused physical examination (NFPE) and handgrip strength (HG) were used to identify muscle loss. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for GLIM with each of the three muscle assessment tools.
Results
579 patients were screened for malnutrition and 121(20.90%) patients were considered nutritionally at risk. GLIM criterion showed close percentages of malnourished patients: 117(20.21%), 110(19.0%) and 110 (19.0%) when using NFPE, FFMI, and HG respectively. With three different muscle assessment techniques, 10 different combinations of indicators in GLIM were retrieved. The combination of muscle loss, assessed through NFPE, with either one of the two etiologic criteria yielded the highest numbers of malnourished patients among all three techniques [NFPE + reduced food intake/assimilation: 113(19.52%) and NFPE + Inflammation: 117(20.21%)], while the use of FFMI resulted in the lowest [FFMI + reduced food intake/assimilation: 37(6.39%) and FFMI + Inflammation: 40(6.91%)]. All three tools, GLIM + NFPE, GLIM + FFMI, and GLIM + HG reported high specificity [98.9% (97.45–99.64), 99.1% (97.76–99.76) and 99.1% (97.78–99.76) respectively]. However, results revealed moderate sensitivity for GLIM + FFMI [89.8% (82.91–94.63)]and GLIM + HG [89.1% (82.04–94.05)] yet a high sensitivity for GLIM + NFPE [93.3% (87.29–97.08)].
Conclusions
The combination of NFPE with either of the etiologic criteria identified more malnourished patients than the combinations including FFMI or HG. A high degree of validity was reported for all three muscle assessment tools in GLIM criterion.
Funding Sources
None.
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21
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Chapelon E, Barry C, Hubert T, Com-Ruelle L, Duclos J, Mattar L, Falissard B, Huas C, Godart N. Health in adulthood after severe anorexia nervosa in adolescence: a study of exposed and unexposed women. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1389-1397. [PMID: 32572843 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the global health status, frequency of somatic and psychological problems, and alcohol use in adulthood among women hospitalized in adolescence for severe anorexia nervosa (AN), with a matched control sample from the general population. METHOD Women (n = 86) who had been hospitalized for AN 9.31 ± 1.82 years previously were compared with 258 controls matched for gender, age, and socio-professional category. Data were retrieved from a French survey on health and social insurance coverage, and was mainly collected by self-report, except for the assessment of current eating disorders for those previously hospitalized for AN (assessed with the MINI). RESULTS The women who had been hospitalized for AN reported significantly poorer current health status compared to controls (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.79). According to the MINI, 13 women previously hospitalized with severe AN still presented an eating disorder (ED). Women with past AN reported more frequent acute throat infections (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.81-13.51), gastralgia (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-6.83), gastro-oesophageal reflux (OR 5.279, 95%CI 2.11-13.22), excess blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.03-6.33), anxiety (OR 8.7, 95% CI 3.48-21.8) and depression (OR 5.02 (2.8-9.01). These differences remained significant and of the same order of magnitude in sensitivity analyses among subjects with previous AN but without current ED, except for perceived health status and excess cholesterol and triglyceride levels. DISCUSSION Women who had been hospitalized for severe AN reported more symptoms 10 years after treatment, implies psychological and somatic follow-up in the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Chapelon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Department for Adolescent and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,Pediatrics Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France
| | - Caroline Barry
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tamara Hubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laure Com-Ruelle
- Institute for Research and Information in Health Economics (Institut de Recherche et de Documentation en Economie de la Santé), Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Department for Adolescent and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Huas
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France. .,Fondation santé des étudiants de France, 8, rue Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, France.,Fondation santé des étudiants de France, 8, rue Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe, 75014, Paris, France.,UFR Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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22
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Abou Al Hassan S, Cutinha D, Mattar L. The impact of COMT, BDNF and 5-HTT brain-genes on the development of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1323-1344. [PMID: 32783113 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The genetic aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN) involving specific genes of the central-nervous-system has not yet been clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of three candidate genes of the brain: catechol-O-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin transporter protein, on the susceptibility to AN and identify whether a clear connection persists between each of the gene-polymorphisms and AN. METHODS A total of 21 articles were selected for this review conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Detailed keyword combinations were implemented within specific databases such as MEDLINE, SCIENCEDIRECT and PUBMED. RESULTS The catechol-O-methyltransferase gene-polymorphism did not show any change in phenotypic variation between AN and control subjects; but the familial association was rather strong with an over-transmission of the H allele. The latter also correlated with several dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scale. A notable relation was indicated between BDNF gene-polymorphism and anorexia-restrictive in terms of phenotypic distribution; the Met66-allele also depicted high association with anorexic behavioral traits. The 5-HTTLPR gene-polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with AN susceptibility with an over-transmission of the S-allele from parents to offspring. CONCLUSION The systematic review distinctively emphasized the genetic contribution of the brain-genes on the development of AN. Despite significant study findings, no clear and standardized genetic route was determined to be the cause of AN development. Future research is needed on these specific genes to closely monitor the genetic polymorphisms and their mechanism on AN susceptibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Abou Al Hassan
- Dietetic Department, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren Cutinha
- Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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23
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El Chaar D, Fakih C, Mattar L. Screening and diagnosis of malnutrition in a hospital care setting prior and after multidisciplinary educational intervention. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kern L, Morvan Y, Mattar L, Molina E, Tailhardat L, Peguet A, De Tournemire R, Hirot F, Rizk M, Godart N, Fautrelle L. Development and evaluation of an adapted physical activity program in anorexia nervosa inpatients: A pilot study. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2020; 28:687-700. [PMID: 32969104 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Problematic use of physical activity is frequent in subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN). Although it increases resistance to therapeutic treatment, paradoxically, physical activity in AN can also improve mental and physical health. Based on the literature review we hypothesized that adding an adapted physical activity (APA) program to treatment programs could be more beneficial than a total suppression of physical activities. We designed this open study to evaluate the outcome of AN inpatients after an APA program implementation as well as the perceived effect of APA. METHOD Forty-one women with AN (17.2 (±2.5) years old, BMI of 16.86 (±2.0)) were included. An eight-session (1 h30/session/week) standardized APA program was delivered and evaluated by structured questionnaires assessing exercise dependence, perceived physical activity, eating disorder (ED) symptoms, body mass index (BMI), along with an interview before and after the APA program. RESULTS Twenty-nine women complete the PA program and evaluation. BMI and perceived PA score significantly increased, ED and exercise dependence scores significantly decreased (p < .01). Participants appreciated the program. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The inpatient program which included APA program helped AN inpatients in decreasing their ED symptoms and their dependence to PA, without any deleterious effect on BMI. Furthermore, APA was appreciated by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Kern
- EA 2931, LINP2-APSA, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,EA 4430 CLIPSYD Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Yannick Morvan
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,IPNP-INSERM UMR 1266, LPMP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,SHU-C3RP, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Estelle Molina
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Laura Tailhardat
- EA 2931, LINP2-APSA, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Amandine Peguet
- EA 2931, LINP2-APSA, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | | | - France Hirot
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de santé mentale de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte de la FSEF Paris, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Rizk
- INSERM U1178, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris Descartes, Ecole Doctorale des 3C (Cerveau, Cognition, Comportement), UMR-S0669, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris 42, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Godart
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de santé mentale de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte de la FSEF Paris, Paris, France.,CESP, INSERM, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,UFR sciences de la santé Simone Veil UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Lilian Fautrelle
- Institut National Universitaire Champollion, STAPS, Équipe Interdisciplinaire en Activités Physiques, Rodez, France.,Laboratoire ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, CHU Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Mattar L, Al Chaar D, El Khoury CF. Screening and Diagnosis of Malnutrition in a Hospital Care Setting Prior and After Multidisciplinary Educational Intervention. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To compare initial malnutrition screening performed by nursing staff to that of the dietitians’, pre and post educational intervention
To determine the knowledge and practice, of nurses regarding malnutrition
Methods
The study is a quasi-experimental design which included pre and post interventional malnutrition screening and diagnosis, and three multidisciplinary educational interventions, accompanied with pre and post knowledge assessments, for nurses, physicians and pharmacists. Admitted patients were screened for malnutrition using the NRS-2002 or MNA. Patients at risk of malnutrition or malnourished at screening were diagnosis for the latter using ASPEN, ESPEN and GLIM malnutrition diagnostic tools. Nutrition focused physicals examination, functional status and body composition analysis were also conducted. The nurses’ initial screenings of malnutrition (NRS-2002) was recorded for comparison with the dietitians’ screenings.
Results
A total of 269 patients were screened prior to the intervention out of which 37 (13.75%) were either at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Post intervention, 311 patients were screened and 84 (27.01%) were either at risk or malnourished. Hundred and one registered nurses attended the educational session, and a repeated measure ANOVA showed that the nurses’ knowledge significantly improved (P < 0.001) but not practice. A significant difference within (pre and post intervention) and between groups (dietitians versus nurses), was detected in the sections related to BMI and weight loss in the NRS initial screening (P < 0.001). Also a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the reported food intake was revealed between the dietitians and nurses. Reporting severity of illness showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) pre but not post intervention.
Conclusions
The knowledge of the nurses regarding malnutrition screening improved right after the educational intervention. Despite a significant difference between the dietitians’ screening and that of the nurses’ in some parts of the NRS-2002, the latter didn't change post educational intervention except for the “severity of illness” assessment.
Funding Sources
None.
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Mattar L, Farran N, Abi Kharma J, Zeeni N. Movie violence acutely affects food choices in young adults. Eat Behav 2019; 33:7-12. [PMID: 30771596 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the effects of media violence on attitudes, behaviors, and cardiovascular health; however, only few studies have examined its effect on appetite, eating behavior and food preferences. Little attention has been given to understand how movie genre manipulates the physiology and the eating behavior of individuals. The present study aimed at investigating the acute effect of violence content in movies on appetite perception, heart rate and blood pressure, along with food preferences and intake in young individuals. METHODS Participants (n = 84) were randomly assigned to either watch a violent movie or a non-violent narrative movie. Measurements including anthropometry, heart rate, blood pressure and grip strength were taken and appetite as well as stress perception were assessed. Subjects were then provided with an individual snack tray containing various items to be consumed ad libitum. RESULTS Post intervention, the experimental group (EG) had a higher consumption of fatty (t (82) = 2.28, p = 0.025, d = 1.52) and salty (t (82) = 2.61, p = 0.01, d = 0.71) food items compared to the control group (CG). Out of the 42 participants in the EG 62% consumed >2 fatty items and 71.4% consumed >2 salty food items. No significant difference in the consumption of sugary items was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION Movie violence affects eating behavior and may promote weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.
| | - N Farran
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J Abi Kharma
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - N Zeeni
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
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Mattar L, Hobeika M, Zeidan RK, Salameh P, Issa C. Determinants of Exclusive and Mixed Breastfeeding Durations and Risk of Recurrent Illnesses in Toddlers Attending Day Care Programs Across Lebanon. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 45:e24-e34. [PMID: 30655117 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breastfeeding rates continue to decrease in Lebanon. Studies addressing the relationship between breastfeeding duration and health outcomes in Middle Eastern countries are scarce. This study is the first in Lebanon to have investigated the determinants of both exclusive and mixed breastfeeding durations and the relationship with health in infants and toddlers. DESIGN AND METHODS Our sample of 1051 toddlers is nationwide and representative of all toddlers enrolled in daycare centers, and aged between 12 and 36 months. RESULTS Median of exclusive breastfeeding duration was 15 days and mean age of formula introduction was 2.03 (±3.22) months. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated at a mean age of 10.56 (±27.12) hours and half of the toddlers (51.6%) were exposed to formula milk since day one following birth. Determinants of both exclusive and total breastfeeding durations were related to several parents' socio-demographic and behavioral factors. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower frequency of pediatrician visits, antibiotic prescriptions, absence from daycare, and a lower risk of otitis, colic and UTI occurrence, after adjusting for cofounders. Similarly, a longer duration of total breastfeeding was associated with less antibiotic prescriptions and a lower risk of otitis. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the health benefits of extending exclusive breastfeeding duration. It is urgent to address alarmingly low breastfeeding rates in Lebanon. Policy implementation and enforcement along with raising awareness and creating a supportive environment for breastfeeding mothers should involve the various stakeholders in order to succeed in increasing breastfeeding rates and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Hobeika
- Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | | | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Carine Issa
- Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
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Rizk M, Kern L, Lalanne C, Hanachi M, Melchior JC, Pichard C, Mattar L, Berthoz S, Godart N. High-intensity exercise is associated with a better nutritional status in anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2018; 27:391-400. [PMID: 30585369 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim is to investigate the links between duration and intensity of exercise and the nutritional status in terms of body composition in acute anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. METHOD One hundred ninety-one hospitalized women suffering from AN were included. Exercise duration and intensity were assessed using a semistructured questionnaire. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Linear multiple regression analyses were carried out using body mass index, fat-free mass index, and fat mass index as dependent variables and including systematically exercise duration, exercise intensity, and other confounding variables described in the literature that were significantly associated with each dependent variable in univariate analysis. RESULTS A lower BMI was linked to lower exercise intensity, AN restrictive type, and presence of amenorrhea. A lower FFMI was linked to lower exercise intensity, older age, AN restrictive type, and premenarchal AN. Duration of exercise was not linked to the nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS Exercising at higher intensity in AN is associated with a better nutritional status, thus, a better resistance to starvation. The impact of therapeutic physical activity sessions, adapted in terms of exercise intensity and patient's clinical status, should be evaluated during nutrition rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rizk
- CESP, INSERM, University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- Laboratory EA 2931, CERSM, UFR-STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | | | - Mouna Hanachi
- Nutrition-TCA Unit, Hospital Poincaré, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Jean-Claude Melchior
- Nutrition-TCA Unit, Hospital Poincaré, APHP, Garches, France.,University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lama Mattar
- Natural Sciences department, nutrition program, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Sylvie Berthoz
- CESP, INSERM, University of Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- CESP, INSERM, University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,Adolescent and young adult mental health Unit, Fondation Santé des étudiants de France, Paris, France
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Abi Saleh W, Bou Khalil P, Ouaijan K, Abillama F, Akiki S, Ahmad N, Mattar L. Evaluation of nutrition support practices: Results from a nationwide survey. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1976-1979. [PMID: 28923476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple clinical guidelines are available to improve and standardize the delivery of nutrition support. However, recommendations are not being universally applied at the bedside due to challenges of resources and barriers of knowledge. Assessing the current level of nutrition support practice is the first step to understand the barriers and ultimately implement potential strategies to increase guideline adherence and promote quality nutrition support in hospitals. There are no published data concerning the practice of nutrition support in Lebanese hospitals. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study is to investigate for the first time the current clinical practice pertinent to nutrition support across Lebanon. METHODS A survey was developed by The Nutrition Board of the Lebanese Society of Critical Care Medicine (LSCCM) to determine nutrition support practices in hospitals with an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) across Lebanon. The 28-question survey assesses the delivery of feeding methods such as oral nutrition supplements (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN), and parenteral nutrition (PN). RESULTS Fourty-one hospitals from 116 total completed the survey. The majority of the hospitals (92.6%) do not systematically use a screening system for malnutrition. Seventy six percent of hospitals reported less than 5% of their patients are kept for more than 7 days with no nutrition support. Early EN is used in preference over PN in ICUs, as 72% of hospitals start early EN (within 48 h) in more than 10% of cases while only 30% of hospitals start early PN (within the first week) in more than 10% of cases. Fifty-one percent of the hospitals use ready prepared formula while the rest (49%) use kitchen prepared formula. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first of its kind in Lebanon aiming at describing the current clinical practice in nutrition support at a national level. Working toward the use of a nutritional screening tool on admission and the exclusive use of ready made formula for enteral feeding will have the most significant and immediate impact on improving quality of nutritional care for hospitalized patients. This can be achieved mainly through the education of the concerned staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Bou Khalil
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fayez Abillama
- Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Akiki
- Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital, Lebanon
| | - Nehmat Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, The Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Natural Sciences Department - Lebanese American University, Lebanon.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The 7-minute workout composed of aerobic and resistance exercises is becoming a very popular workout. It targets individuals with time constrains and low motivation to commit to lengthy and extensive workout programs. The objective of the study is to investigate if the 7-minute workout has a 6 week effect on body weight and composition. METHODS The training group (N.=29, age 18-30) did the 7-minute workout 7 days a week during 6 weeks while the control group (N.=29) did not perform the workout. Measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, circumferences (middle upper arm, hip, and waist), blood pressure, heart rate, hand grip, and bioelectrical impedance were collected and recorded at week 1, 3 and 6. RESULTS Mean BMI was 24.4kg/m2 at week 1, 24.01kg/m2 at week 3 (P=0.003). Waist circumference decreased between week 1 and 3 (P=0.003) and week 6 (P=0.01) by 4 cm on average. Hip circumference followed the same trend between week 1 and week 3 (P=-0.001). There was a decrease in fat mass and % fat mass between week 1, 3, and 6 (P=0.001). No changes were noted for mid-upper arm circumference or hand grip. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research show that even a very short duration workout affect the nutritional status in normal weight individuals who did not change any of their eating habits. This implies that even in normal weight individuals who perform the 7-minute workout, improvement through a decrease in waist circumference can be achieved thus leading to a better cardio-protective nutritional status. The 7 minutes workout can be a great solution for people to get started and to plan on continuing exercising, as it is simple and of minimal constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- Department of Natural Sciences-Nutrition Division, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon -
| | - Natali Farran
- Department of Natural Sciences-Nutrition Division, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dalal Bakhour
- Department of Natural Sciences-Nutrition Division, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Mattar L, BouKhalil P, AbiSaleh W, Abillamaa F, Akiki S, Ahmad N, Ouaijan K. MON-P002: Evaluation of Nutrition Support Practices: Results from the First National Survey in Hospitals Across Lebanon. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ouaijan K, Aridi J, Diab N, Khoury M, Semaan R, Mattar L. MON-P001: Common Barriers to Reach Enteral Nutrition Target in an Intensive Care Unit and the Use of the Nutrition Risk in Criticallyill (NUTRIC) Score to Predictoptimal Nutrition Support. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mattar L, Zeeni N, Bassil M. Effect of movie violence on mood, stress, appetite perception and food preferences in a random population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:972-3. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bachand MP, Mattar L, Cano N, Hébuterne X, Schneider S. PP226-SUN: Survey of Hydration Practices in Enteral Nutrition. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gauthier C, Hassler C, Mattar L, Launay JM, Callebert J, Steiger H, Melchior JC, Falissard B, Berthoz S, Mourier-Soleillant V, Lang F, Delorme M, Pommereau X, Gerardin P, Bioulac S, Bouvard M, Godart N. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in anorexia nervosa: links with plasma tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 39:170-178. [PMID: 24135616 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depressive, anxiety and obsessive symptoms frequently co-occur with anorexia nervosa (AN). The relationship between these clinical manifestations and the biological changes caused by starvation is not well understood. It has been hypothesised that reduced availability of tryptophan (TRP) could reduce serotonin activity and thus trigger these comorbid symptoms. The aim of this study, during re-feeding in individuals with AN, was to analyse covariations across measures of nutritional status, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and peripheral serotonin markers. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, nutritional status and serotonin markers--whole blood serotonin content, plasma TRP and the ratio between TRP and large neutral amino acids--were assessed for 42 AN participants at admission to inpatient treatment and after re-feeding. Biological measures were compared to those obtained in 42 non-eating disordered subjects. For those with AN, psychological, nutritional and biological parameters improved significantly during hospitalisation. Levels of serotonin markers were significantly lower in the AN group compared to the control group, at admission and at discharge. Increase in the TRP/LNAA ratio was correlated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serotonin levels and symptoms of both anxiety and depression at discharge. We speculate that enhanced TRP availability during re-feeding, as a result of the increase in the TRP/LNAA ratio, could restore serotonin neurotransmission and lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms. The association between serotonin and anxiety and depressive symptoms would be consistent with numerous observations indicating abnormal functioning of the serotoninergic system in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gauthier
- Département de Psychiatrie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm U669, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | - Lama Mattar
- Département de Psychiatrie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm U669, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Paris, France; INSERM U942, Biomarqueurs et Insuffisance cardiaque, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Paris, France; INSERM U942, Biomarqueurs et Insuffisance cardiaque, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Howard Steiger
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Melchior
- Unité de Nutrition clinique-Maladies infectieuses, Département de médecine aiguë spécialisée, Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, Garches, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Inserm U669, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Département de Psychiatrie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm U669, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - François Lang
- Unité de Psychiatre, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marc Delorme
- Unité médico-psychologique de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Pommereau
- Unité médico-psychologique de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Priscille Gerardin
- Département de pédiatrie Médicale - Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Godart
- Département de Psychiatrie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm U669, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Background Very few studies have investigated the relationship between malnutrition and psychological symptoms in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). They have used only body weight or body mass index (BMI) for the nutritional assessment and did not always report on medication, or if they did, it was not included in the analysis of results, and they did not include confounding factors such as duration of illness, AN subtype or age. The present study investigates this relationship using indicators other than BMI/weight, among which body composition and biological markers, also considering potential confounders related to depression and anxiety. Methods 155 AN patients, (DSM-IV) were included consecutively upon admission to inpatient treatment. Depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviours and social functioning were measured using various scales. Nutritional status was measured using BMI, severity of weight loss, body composition, and albumin and prealbumin levels. Results No correlation was found between BMI at inclusion, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and severity of weight loss and any of the psychometric scores. Age and medication are the only factors that affect the psychological scores. None of the psychological scores were explained by the nutritional indicators with the exception of albumin levels which was negatively linked to the LSAS fear score (p = 0.024; beta = −0.225). Only the use of antidepressants explained the variability in BDI scores (p = 0.029; beta = 0.228) and anxiolytic use explained the variability in HADs depression scores (p = 0.037; beta = 0.216). Conclusion The present study is a pioneer investigation of various nutritional markers in relation to psychological symptoms in severely malnourished AN patients. The clinical hypothesis that malnutrition partly causes depression and anxiety symptoms in AN in acute phase is not confirmed, and future studies are needed to back up our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- INSERM U669, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
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Duclos J, Vibert S, Mattar L, Godart N. Expressed Emotion in Families of Patients with Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/157340012800792975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The relationship between birth weight and body composition at later stages in life was not studied previously in anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of the following brief report is to present results concerning the relationship between birth weight and later body composition specifically in AN, and to check if the programming of body composition from birth weight is still detected in severely emaciated AN patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS One hundred and fifty-one female AN patients aged between 13 and 44 were recruited from 11 inpatient treatment facilities in France. Birth weight, body weight and height were obtained. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Birth weight was significantly correlated to lifetime maximum body mass index (BMI; r=0.211, P=0.009) and significantly correlated to fat-free mass index (r=0.190, P=0.027) but not to fat mass index (FMI). RESULTS This report confirms that even in AN when patients are severely emaciated and where fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are low, a link between birth weight and FFM and BMI can still be identified, independently from age. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed on larger samples exploring other factors, such as gender, puberty and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mattar
- INSERM U669, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
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Mattar L, Huas C, Duclos J, Apfel A, Godart N. Relationship between malnutrition and depression or anxiety in Anorexia Nervosa: a critical review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2011; 132:311-8. [PMID: 20920829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently co-occur with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Clinical consensus admits that depressive symptoms and anxiety are the sequelae of malnutrition in AN. This review presents a critical assessment of the literature that looked into the link between depression/anxiety symptoms in relation to malnutrition and their improvement throughout the treatment. METHODS We performed a systematic search of literature in Medline and PsychInfo for all the studies done to investigate psychological factors in relation to malnutrition in AN using the keywords "Anorexia Nervosa", "depression", "anxiety", "obsessive-compulsive disorder" and "malnutrition". Only articles published between 1980 and 2010 in English or French were reviewed. From the articles on AN and depression, anxiety, and/or OCD, only the ones which investigated on the relation with malnutrition were kept. This search was complemented by a manual search. We also checked the reference lists of the articles we found. RESULTS Seven papers were analyzed and critically reviewed for their methods and results. Results are contradictory and inconsistent at all levels of assessment. CONCLUSIONS Evidence based data is very rare. From the 7 reviewed studies, none of them draw the same conclusion. This is mainly due to the large differences in the samples' populations and the studies' protocols. Future studies are needed to focus on the relationship between depression/anxiety symptoms and malnutrition. A more critical nutritional assessment should be undertaken with multiple psychological assessment scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- INSERM U669, Maison de Solenn, 97 Boulevard De Port Royal 75014 Paris, France
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Mattar L, Godart N, Melchior JC, Falissard B, Kolta S, Ringuenet D, Vindreau C, Nordon C, Blanchet C, Pichard C. Underweight patients with anorexia nervosa: comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis using five equations to dual X-ray absorptiometry. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:746-52. [PMID: 21802800 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Body weight changes do not reflect the respective changes of body compartments, namely fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). Both bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and the Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measure FFM and FM. This study in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) aims to compare measurements of FM and FFM done by DXA and BIA using 5 different BIA equations already validated in healthy population and to identify the most suitable BIA equation for AN patients. METHODS Fifty female patients with AN (BMI=14.3 ± 1.49, age=19.98 ± 5.68yrs) were included in the study. Body composition was measured by DXA (Delphi W, Hologic, Bedford, MA) and by 50 kHz BIA (FORANA, Helios) using 5 different BIA equations validated in healthy population (Sun, Geneva, Kushner, Deurenberg and Roubenoff equations). Comparison between the DXA and the 5 BIA equations was done using the sum of the squares of differences and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The Deurenberg equation gave the best estimates of FFM when compared to the measurements by DXA (FFM(dxa)=35.80 kg versus FFM(deurenberg)=36.36 kg) and very close estimates of FM (FM(dxa)=9.16 kg and FM(deurenberg)=9.57 kg) The Kushner equation showed slightly better estimates for FM (FM(kushner)=9. 0kg) when compared to the DXA, but not for FFM. Sun equation gave the broadest differences for FM and FFM when compared with DXA. CONCLUSION The best available BIA equation to calculate the FFM and the FM in patients with AN is the Deurenberg equation. It takes into account the weight, height and age and is applicable in adults and adolescents AN patients with BMI of 12.8-21.0, and for ages between 13.4 and up to 36.9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- INSERM U669, PSIGIAM 'Paris Sud Innovation Group in Adolescent Mental Health', Maison des Adolescents, 97 Boulevard De Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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Usselman C, Welch I, Mattar L, Shoemaker J. P7.17 Very deep plane of urethane/α-chloralose anaesthesia induces unexpected bradycardia during lower body negative pressure in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Auton Neurosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2009.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Obeid OA, Mattar L, Hwalla N. The effect of phosphorus manipulation on in vivo glycogenesis and lipogenesis of rats fed a high fructose diet. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.722.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Obeid
- Nutrition and Food ScienceAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition and Food ScienceAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Nutrition and Food ScienceAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
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Moura R, Maffei FHA, Mattar L, Fabris VE, Cury P, Lastória S, Gregório EA. Glutaraldehyde-treated homologous vein graft as a vein substitute: experimental study in rabbits. INT ANGIOL 2009; 28:113-119. [PMID: 19242400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vein reconstruction using grafts may prevent sequelae of venous interruption or lesion. Autologous vein is sometimes unsuitable or absent for a vascular restoration. The aim of this study was to study glutaraldehyde-treated homologous vein graft as vein substitute and compare it with autologous vein as a substitute for a vena cava segment in rabbits. METHODS Sixty rabbits were allocated into two groups: autologous vein graft (AG), and glutaraldehyde-treated homologous vein graft (HG). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (N.=10) to be studied at: 24 hours, 14 days, and 28 days. The veins were treated in 0.19% glutaraldehyde, pH=7.4, for 1 hour and kept at 4 degrees C in saline with added gentamicin and amphotericin B. The animals received benzanthine penicillin on the day of graft implantation and heparin only during surgery. The grafts were implanted into the vena cava. Anastomosis was performed with interrupted sutures. Cavography was performed, after surgery, and at the time the animals were killed. Evaluation of the veins was made macroscopically and by light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Fibrosis was seen around the grafts at 14 and 28 days, with no difference in intensity between the groups. Cavography performed before euthanasia of the animals showed 4 partial thrombi in AG (2 at 24 hours and 2 at 14 days), 3 in HG (2 at 24 hours and 1 on day 14), and 4 occlusive thombi in HG (3 at 14 days and 1 at 28 days). Macroscopic examination did not show any thrombus in AG. In HG, two partial thrombi were confirmed at 24 hours and three occlusive thrombi at 14 days. There was no statistical difference in relation to patency between the two groups. At 14 and 28 days, the histological sections showed intimal hyperplasia of similar intensity and variable distribution in both groups. Evaluation by electron microscopy showed at 24 hours lesion areas characterized by absence of the endothelium on the graft surface, presence of inflammatory cells, and, at some sites, presence of mural thrombi in AG and HG. Both groups at 14 and 28 days showed endothelial cells covering the lesion area on the graft surface, this covering being larger in AG than in HG. CONCLUSIONS In the studied model, both grafts behaved similarly in relation to patency and morphological characteristics. This suggests that the glutaraldehyde-treated graft can be a promising alternative for vein reconstruction, justifying further animal studies with the aim of using it in human surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moura
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arbeille P, Kerbeci P, Mattar L, Shoemaker JK, Hughson R. Insufficient flow reduction during LBNP in both splanchnic and lower limb areas is associated with orthostatic intolerance after bedrest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1846-54. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.509.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We quantified the impact of a 60-day head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) with countermeasures on the arterial response to supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Twenty-four women [8 control (Con), 8 exercise + LBNP (Ex-LBNP), and 8 nutrition (Nut) subjects] were studied during LBNP (0 to −45 mmHg) before (pre) and on HDBR day 55 (HDBR-55). Left ventricle diastolic volume (LVDV) and mass, flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery (MCA flow) and femoral artery (femoral flow), portal vein cross-sectional area (portal flow), and lower limb resistance (femoral resistance index) were measured. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured in the fibular nerve. Subjects were identified as finishers or nonfinishers of the 10-min post-HDBR tilt test. At HDBR-55, LVDV, mass, and portal flow were decreased from pre-HDBR ( P < 0.05) in the Con and Nut groups only. During LBNP at HDBR-55, femoral and portal flow decreased less, whereas leg MSNA increased similarly, compared with pre-HDBR in the Con, Nut, and NF groups; 11 of 13 nonfinishers showed smaller LBNP-induced reductions in both femoral and portal flow (less vasoconstriction), whereas 10 of 11 finishers maintained vasoconstriction in either one or both regions. The relative distribution of blood flow in the cerebral versus portal and femoral beds during LBNP [MCA flow/(femoral + portal flow)] increased or reduced <15% from pre-HDBR in 10 of 11 finishers but decreased >15% from pre-HDBR in 11 of 13 nonfinishers. Abnormal vasoconstriction in both the portal and femoral vascular areas was associated with orthostatic intolerance. The vascular deconditioning was partially prevented by Ex-LBNP.
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Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to model the single-phase radial gas flow in coalbed methane including equilibrium sorption phenomena in the coal matrix and Darcy flow in the natural fracture network. Considering a control volume, the gas desorption rate as a function of time and space is incorporated into the radial continuity equation as a source term. Using a Langmuir-type sorption isotherm, the gas desorption rate is determined at any radius of the reservoir. Introducing the definition of pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time, the resulting continuity equation is converted into the linearized diffusivity equation by modification of total gas compressibility. It is shown how the traditional definition of the material balance pseudo-time is modified for dry CBM reservoirs. With the help of these transformations, the traditional (PTA and RTA) type curves can be employed for analysis of production data of dry CBM reservoirs. The model developed here is validated against Fekete's numerical CBM simulator over a wide range of reservoir parameters. In addition, one set of field data from Horseshoe Canyon coals of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin is analyzed using the solution procedure presented in this paper.
Introduction
Coalbed methane (CBM) is natural gas produced from coal seams. Coal is both the source rock and the reservoir for methane production. The world total CBM resource potential is evaluated at about 143.2 trillion cubic metres(1).
CBM reservoirs are naturally fractured reservoirs that are characterized by two distinct porosity systems including:micropores (matrix) with extremely low permeability andmacropores (natural fractures or cleats).
Due to the small pore diameter of less than 10 Å, the coal matrix has a large internal surface area of 100 to 300 m(2)/g(2, 3). As a result, substantial quantities of gas can be adsorbed on the surface of the coal grains. Micropores are impermeable to gas and inaccessible to water. However, the desorbed gas can be transported through the primary porosity system by diffusion. The macropores act as a sink to the micropores and provide permeability to fluid flow.
In porous media with larger pore size distributions, mass transfer is driven by pressure gradients, whereas in coal, mass transfer is driven by concentration gradients(4, 5). The diffusion through the micropores can be the result of three distinct mechanisms that may act individually or simultaneously(6):bulk diffusion, where molecule/molecule interactions dominate;Knudsen diffusion, where molecule/surface interactions dominate; andtwo-dimensional surface diffusion of the adsorbed gas layer.
The steady state diffusion coefficient of methane for most coals is on the order of 10−4 to 10−5 cm(2)/s(6). These experimentally determined diffusion coefficients represent averaged values including the contributions of the bulk, Knudsen and surface diffusion processes.
Diffusion effects can be quantified by determining a sorption time. The sorption time is equal to the time required to desorb 63.2% of the initial gas volume. It is determined from whole core canister desorption test. This time is related to fracture spacing and the diffusion coefficient(7).
Gas production from the CBM reservoirs is controlled by a four-step process that includes:
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Arbeille P, Kerbeci P, Mattar L, Shoemaker JK, Hughson RL. WISE-2005: tibial and gastrocnemius vein and calf tissue response to LBNP after a 60-day bed rest with and without countermeasures. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:938-43. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01021.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify by echography the changes in the intramuscular [gastrocnemius (Gast)] and nonintramuscular [posterior tibial (Tib)] calf veins cross-sectional area (CSA) and the superficial tissue thickness (STth) in response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after 60-day head-down bed rest (HDBR). Twenty-four healthy women (25–40 yr) were divided into three groups: control (Con), treadmill-LBNP and flywheel (Ex-Lb), nutrition (Nut; protein supplement). All underwent a LBNP (0 and −45 mmHg) before and on day 55 of HDBR. Subjects were identified as finisher (F) or nonfinisher (NF) of a 10-min tilt test after 60 days of HDBR. There were no differences in resting CSA of the Tib and Gast veins on HDBR day 55 compared with pre-HDBR for the Ex-Lb, Con and Nut, or the F groups; however, for NF both the Tib and Gast vein CSA at rest were significantly smaller after HDBR. At −45 mmHg LBNP, Tib and Gast CSAs were not significantly different from before HDBR in all groups (Ex-Lb, Con, Nut, F, NF). However, percent change in CSA of both veins from rest to −45 mmHg LBNP was significantly greater in the Con and Nut groups compared with Ex-Lb, and also NF compared with F. Similarly, the percent increase in STth on going from rest to −45 mmHg was higher after HDBR in the Con and Nut groups compared with Ex-Lb, as well as NF compared with F. These results showed that the Ex-Lb countermeasure minimized the bed rest effect on leg vein capacitance (CSA percent change) and STth increase during LBNP, whereas Nut had no effect and that higher leg vein and superficial tissue capacitance were associated with reduced orthostatic tolerance.
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Hughson RL, Shoemaker JK, Arbeille P, Dyson KS, Edgell H, Kerbeci P, Mattar L, Zuj K, Greaves DK. WISE 2005: vascular responses to 60-day bed rest in women. J Gravit Physiol 2007; 14:P53-P54. [PMID: 18372696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
WISE-2005 studied 24 women during a 60-day head down bed rest (HDBR) who look part in an exercise countermeasure (LBNP-treadmill plus flywheel, EX) and no-exercise (No-EX). We conducted a series of experiments to explore changes in cardiovascular function and the ability of EX to prevent these changes. Resting arterial diameter in the arm was not affected but the leg arteries (femoral and popliteal) were significantly reduced in Np-EX, but was increased in EX. In this study we report on drug stimulated responses with sublingual nitroglycerin and infused isoproterenol. Heart rate increased in response to nitroglycerin with larger increases in No-EX after HDBR. Likewise during isoproterenol infusion the HR increase was greater after HDBR in the No-EX group. In all cases, the higher HR was associated with lower stroke volume in No-EX while stroke volume was protected in EX. These data do not support a change in sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors after HDBR. The leg vascular resistance decreased in response to isoproterenol and it decreased to a greater extent in No-EX than EX. These data were consistent with observations of lower leg vascular resistance during orthostatic challenge tests after HDBR. We conclude that consistent changes in cardiovascular function in the No-EX were detected by different methods that point to mechanisms contributing to orthostatic intolerance after HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hughson
- Cardiorespiratory & Vascular Dynamics Lab, Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Shoemaker JK, Mattar L, Kerbeci P, Trotter S, Arbeille P, Hughson RL. WISE 2005: stroke volume changes contribute to the pressor response during ischemic handgrip exercise in women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:228-33. [PMID: 17412786 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01334.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the pressor response to small muscle mass (e.g., forearm) exercise and during metaboreflex activation may include elevations in cardiac output (Q) or total peripheral resistance (TPR). Increases in Q must be supported by reductions in visceral venous volume to sustain venous return as heart rate (HR) increases. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that increases in Q, supported by reductions in splanchnic volume (portal vein constriction), explain the pressor response during handgrip exercise and metaboreflex activation. Seventeen healthy women performed 2 min of static ischemic handgrip exercise and 2 min of postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) while HR, stroke volume and superficial femoral artery flow (Doppler), blood pressure (Finometer), portal vein diameter (ultrasound imaging), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were measured followed by the calculation of Q, TPR, and leg vascular resistance (LVR). Compared with baseline, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P < 0.001) and Q (P < 0.001) both increased in each minute of exercise accompanied by a approximately 5% reduction in portal vein diameter (P < 0.05). MAP remained elevated during PECO, whereas Q decreased below exercise levels. MSNA was elevated above baseline during the second minute of exercise and through the PECO period (P < 0.05). Neither TPR nor LVR was changed from baseline during exercise and PECO. The data indicate that the majority of the blood pressure response to isometric handgrip exercise in women was due to mobilization of central blood volume and elevated stroke volume and Q rather than elevations in TVR or LVR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Freire Cerqueira N, Hussni CA, Bonetti Yoshida W, Swain Müller S, Sequeira JL, Rodrigues AC, Mattar L, Crocci AJ. Effect of diclofenac sodium on the healing process of end-to-end anastomosis in carotid arteries of rabbits. Histopathological and biomechanical studies. INT ANGIOL 2003; 22:431-7. [PMID: 15153830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to attenuate painful inflammatory reactions in surgery. However, it may delay healing in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Diclofenac in vascular healing. METHODS Ninety rabbits had their carotid arteries sectioned and reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis with interrupted sutures. The animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 30 each and treated by intramuscular route with saline (control), 5 mg/kg/day of diclofenac sodium (DS-5), and 10 mg/kg/day of diclofenac sodium (DS-10). Treatment began on the day of surgery and lasted 4 days. Angiography, biomechanical properties (failure load, failure elongation, yield point, yield point elongation, and stiffness were obtained from the load/elongation curve), macroscopic and histological examinations (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Calleja, Picrossirius-red), and scanning electron microscopy were studied in both arteries on the 3rd and 15th postoperative days. RESULTS No significant differences in biomechanical properties were observed either in the 3 groups or the experimental times. The carotid artery healing process was similar in the 3 groups. CONCLUSION Diclofenac sodium did not cause alterations nor delayed carotid artery healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Freire Cerqueira
- Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Prezoto BC, Maffei FHA, Mattar L, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Curi PR. Antithrombotic effect of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract on experimental venous thrombosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:703-12. [PMID: 12045836 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar may induce a hemorrhagic syndrome in humans, and blood incoagulability by afibrinogenemia when intravenously injected in laboratory animals. The possible antithrombotic and thrombolytic activities of L. obliqua caterpillar bristle extract (LOCBE) were evaluated in this study. The minimal intravenous dose of the extract necessary to induce afibrinogenemia and anticoagulation was 3.0 and 10.0 microg protein/kg body weight for rabbits and rats, respectively. In rabbits, this dose induced total blood incoagulability for at least 10 h and did not reduce the weight of preformed venous thrombi, in contrast to streptokinase (30,000 IU/kg). In rats, pretreatment with 5.0 and 10.0 microg/kg LOCBE prevented the formation of thrombi induced by venous stasis or by injury to the venous endothelium. The dose of 5.0 microg/kg LOCBE did not modify blood coagulation assay parameters but increased bleeding time and decreased plasma factor XIII concentration. When the extract was administered to rats at the dose of 10.0 microg/kg, the blood was totally incoagulable for 6 h. These data show that LOCBE was effective in preventing experimental venous thrombosis in rats, justifying further studies using purified fractions of the extract to clarify the mechanisms of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Prezoto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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