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Hinze CH, Foell D, Johnson AL, Spalding SJ, Gottlieb BS, Morris PW, Kimura Y, Onel K, Li SC, Grom AA, Taylor J, Brunner HI, Huggins JL, Nocton JJ, Haines KA, Edelheit BS, Shishov M, Jung LK, Williams CB, Tesher MS, Costanzo DM, Zemel LS, Dare JA, Passo MH, Ede KC, Olson JC, Cassidy EA, Griffin TA, Wagner-Weiner L, Weiss JE, Vogler LB, Rouster-Stevens KA, Beukelman T, Cron RQ, Kietz D, Schikler K, Mehta J, Ting TV, Verbsky JW, Eberhard AB, Huang B, Giannini EH, Lovell DJ. Serum S100A8/A9 and S100A12 Levels in Children With Polyarticular Forms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Relationship to Maintenance of Clinically Inactive Disease During Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy and Occurrence of Disease Flare After Discontinuation of Therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:451-459. [PMID: 30225949 DOI: 10.1002/art.40727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 and the maintenance of clinically inactive disease during anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy and the occurrence of disease flare following withdrawal of anti-TNF therapy in patients with polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS In this prospective, multicenter study, 137 patients with polyarticular-course JIA whose disease was clinically inactive while receiving anti-TNF therapy were enrolled. Patients were observed for an initial 6-month phase during which anti-TNF treatment was continued. For those patients who maintained clinically inactive disease over the 6 months, anti-TNF was withdrawn and they were followed up for 8 months to assess for the occurrence of flare. Serum S100 levels were measured at baseline and at the time of anti-TNF withdrawal. Spearman's rank correlation test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess the relationship between serum S100 levels and maintenance of clinically inactive disease and occurrence of disease flare after anti-TNF withdrawal. RESULTS Over the 6-month initial phase with anti-TNF therapy, the disease state reverted from clinically inactive to clinically active in 24 (18%) of the 130 evaluable patients with polyarticular-course JIA; following anti-TNF withdrawal, 39 (37%) of the 106 evaluable patients experienced a flare. Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were elevated in up to 45% of patients. Results of the ROC analysis revealed that serum S100 levels did not predict maintenance of clinically inactive disease during anti-TNF therapy nor did they predict disease flare after treatment withdrawal. Elevated levels of S100A8/A9 were not predictive of the occurrence of a disease flare within 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, or 8 months following anti-TNF withdrawal, and elevated S100A12 levels had a modest predictive ability for determining the risk of flare within 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment withdrawal. Serum S100A12 levels at the time of anti-TNF withdrawal were inversely correlated with the time to disease flare (r = -0.36). CONCLUSION Serum S100 levels did not predict maintenance of clinically inactive disease or occurrence of disease flare in patients with polyarticular-course JIA, and S100A12 levels were only moderately, and inversely, correlated with the time to disease flare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Foell
- University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne L Johnson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Beth S Gottlieb
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | | | - Yukiko Kimura
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Karen Onel
- University of Chicago, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suzanne C Li
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Janalee Taylor
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen A Haines
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Calvin B Williams
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Melissa S Tesher
- University of Chicago, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Jason A Dare
- University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock
| | | | - Kaleo C Ede
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer E Weiss
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Kietz
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jay Mehta
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Tracy V Ting
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Anne B Eberhard
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Bin Huang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Daniel J Lovell
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Lovell DJ, Johnson AL, Huang B, Gottlieb BS, Morris PW, Kimura Y, Onel K, Li SC, Grom AA, Taylor J, Brunner HI, Huggins JL, Nocton JJ, Haines KA, Edelheit BS, Shishov M, Jung LK, Williams CB, Tesher MS, Costanzo DM, Zemel LS, Dare JA, Passo MH, Ede KC, Olson JC, Cassidy EA, Griffin TA, Wagner-Weiner L, Weiss JE, Vogler LB, Rouster-Stevens KA, Beukelman T, Cron RQ, Kietz D, Schikler K, Schmidt KM, Mehta J, Wahezi DM, Ting TV, Verbsky JW, Eberhard BA, Spalding S, Chen C, Giannini EH. Risk, Timing, and Predictors of Disease Flare After Discontinuation of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Children With Polyarticular Forms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Clinically Inactive Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1508-1518. [PMID: 29604189 DOI: 10.1002/art.40509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, time to flare, and predictors of disease flare upon withdrawal of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in children with polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who demonstrated ≥6 months of continuous clinically inactive disease. METHODS In 16 centers 137 patients with clinically inactive JIA who were receiving anti-TNF therapy (42% of whom were also receiving methotrexate [MTX]) were prospectively followed up. If the disease remained clinically inactive for the initial 6 months of the study, anti-TNF was stopped and patients were assessed for flare at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 months. Life-table analysis, t-tests, chi-square test, and Cox regression analysis were used to identify independent variables that could significantly predict flare by 8 months or time to flare. RESULTS Of 137 patients, 106 (77%) maintained clinically inactive disease while receiving anti-TNF therapy for the initial 6 months and were included in the phase of the study in which anti-TNF therapy was stopped. Stopping anti-TNF resulted in disease flare in 39 (37%) of 106 patients by 8 months. The mean/median ± SEM time to flare was 212/250 ± 9.77 days. Patients with shorter disease duration at enrollment, older age at onset and diagnosis, shorter disease duration prior to experiencing clinically inactive disease, and shorter time from onset of clinically inactive disease to enrollment were found to have significantly lower hazard ratios for likelihood of flare by 8 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Over one-third of patients with polyarticular JIA with sustained clinically inactive disease will experience a flare by 8 months after discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy. Several predictors of lower likelihood of flare were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lovell
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anne L Johnson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bin Huang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Beth S Gottlieb
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | | | - Yukiko Kimura
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Karen Onel
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne C Li
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Janalee Taylor
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen A Haines
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa S Tesher
- University of Chicago, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Denise M Costanzo
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | | | - Jason A Dare
- University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock
| | | | - Kaleo C Ede
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer E Weiss
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Kietz
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jay Mehta
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Tracy V Ting
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - B Anne Eberhard
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | - Chen Chen
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Prahalad S, McCracken CE, Ponder LA, Angeles-Han ST, Rouster Stevens KA, Vogler LB, Langefeld CD, Thompson SD. Familial autoimmunity in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:14. [PMID: 26965173 PMCID: PMC4785640 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share genetic susceptibility factors. We investigated the prevalence of familial autoimmunity among subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) in the CARRA Registry, the largest multicenter observational Registry for pediatric rheumatic disease. METHODS Children with JIA, cSLE and JDM enrolled in the CARRA Registry between May 2010 and May 2012 were investigated for differences in proportion of subjects who had first-degree relatives (FDR) with autoimmunity. If a significant difference was detected, pairwise comparisons, adjusted for multiple comparisons, were made. RESULTS There were 4677 JIA, 639 cSLE and 440 JDM subjects. The proportion of subjects having FDR with any autoimmune disease in the JDM group (20.5 %) was less compared to subjects with JIA (31.8 %, p < 0.001) or SLE (31.9 %; p < 0.001). Significantly greater proportion of JIA cases had FDR with inflammatory arthritis (13 %) compared to cSLE (9.2 %, p = 0.007) or JDM (4.3 %, p <0.001). Significantly greater proportion of cSLE cases had FDR with SLE (11.1 % vs. 1.7 % for JIA and 1.1 % for JDM p < 0.001) or type-I diabetes (7.4 % for cSLE vs. 3.1 % for JIA and 3.0 % for JDM p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher proportions of subjects with JIA and cSLE have FDR with autoimmunity compared to those of JDM. Relatives of cSLE cases had an increased prevalence of SLE, and relatives of JIA cases were enriched for inflammatory arthropathies demonstrating distinct patterns of familial autoimmunity among these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Courtney E. McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Sheila T. Angeles-Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kelly A. Rouster Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Larry B. Vogler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Susan D. Thompson
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Fitzpatrick L, Broadaway KA, Ponder L, Angeles-Han ST, Jenkins K, Rouster-Stevens K, Pelajo CF, Conneely K, Epstein MP, Lopez-Benitez J, Vogler LB, Prahalad S. Phenotypic Characterization of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in African American Children. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:799-803. [PMID: 26879356 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects children of all races. Prior studies suggest that phenotypic features of JIA in African American (AA) children differ from those of non-Hispanic white (NHW) children. We evaluated the phenotypic differences at presentation between AA and NHW children enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry, and replicated the findings in a JIA cohort from a large center in the southeastern United States. METHODS Children with JIA enrolled in the multicenter CARRA Registry and from Emory University formed the study and replication cohorts. Phenotypic data on non-Hispanic AA children were compared with NHW children with JIA using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS In all, 4177 NHW and 292 AA JIA cases from the CARRA Registry and 212 NHW and 71 AA cases from Emory were analyzed. AA subjects more often had rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive polyarthritis in both the CARRA (13.4% vs 4.7%, p = 5.3 × 10(-7)) and the Emory (26.8% vs 6.1%, p = 1.1 × 10(-5)) cohorts. AA children had positive tests for RF and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP) more frequently, but oligoarticular or early onset antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive JIA less frequently in both cohorts. AA children were older at onset in both cohorts and this difference persisted after excluding RF-positive polyarthritis in the CARRA Registry (median age 8.5 vs 5.0 yrs, p = 1.4 × 10(-8)). CONCLUSION Compared with NHW children, AA children with JIA are more likely to have RF/CCP-positive polyarthritis, are older at disease onset, and less likely to have oligoarticular or ANA-positive, early-onset JIA, suggesting that the JIA phenotype is different in AA children.
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Angeles-Han ST, Yeh S, McCracken C, Jenkins K, Stryker D, Myoung E, Vogler LB, Rouster-Stevens K, Lambert SR, Harrison MJ, Prahalad S, Drews-Botsch C. Using the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life Questionnaire to Measure Visual Outcomes in Children With Uveitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 67:1513-20. [PMID: 26037544 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE-Q) is a novel measure of vision-related quality of life (QOL) and function in children. We aim to determine the validity of the EYE-Q in childhood uveitis. METHODS We abstracted medical record data on arthritis and uveitis in a convenience sample of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and/or uveitis. In addition to the EYE-Q, parents and patients completed questionnaires on overall QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]), and physical functioning (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire [C-HAQ]). RESULTS Among 57 children (8 JIA, 24 JIA and uveitis, 25 uveitis alone), 102 ocular examinations were performed within 1 month of completing questionnaires. Uveitis patients had bilateral disease (69%), anterior involvement (78%), synechiae (51%), and cataracts (49%). Children with vision loss in their better eye (visual acuity [VA] 20/50 or worse) had worse EYE-Q (P = 0.006) and PedsQL (P = 0.028) scores, but not C-HAQ scores. The EYE-Q moderately correlated with logMAR VA (rs = -0.43), PedsQL (rs = 0.43), and C-HAQ (rs = -0.45), but was not correlated with anterior chamber cells or intraocular pressure. The PedsQL and C-HAQ did not correlate with VA or cells. There were strong correlations between the parent and child EYE-Q (rs = 0.62). Cronbach's α for the child report was 0.91. The EYE-Q had strong test-retest reliability (rs = 0.75). CONCLUSION The EYE-Q may be an important tool in the assessment of visual outcomes in childhood uveitis and an improvement over general measures in detecting changes in vision-related function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T Angeles-Han
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven Yeh
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Erica Myoung
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Larry B Vogler
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Rouster-Stevens
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sampath Prahalad
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carolyn Drews-Botsch
- Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lange L, Thiele GM, McCracken C, Wang G, Ponder LA, Angeles-Han ST, Rouster-Stevens KA, Hersh AO, Vogler LB, Bohnsack JF, Abramowicz S, Mikuls TR, Prahalad S. Symptoms of periodontitis and antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:8. [PMID: 26861944 PMCID: PMC4748489 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis is well established. Some children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) phenotypically resemble adults with RA, characterized by the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. We sought to investigate an association between CCP-positive JIA and symptoms of periodontitis and antibodies to oral microbiota. METHODS Antibodies to oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were measured using ELISA in 71 children with CCP-positive JIA and 74 children with CCP-negative JIA. Oral health history was collected from 37 children with CCP-positive JIA and 121 children with CCP-negative JIA. T-tests, Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariable regression were used to compare the groups. RESULTS Compared to those with CCP-negative JIA, children with CCP-positive JIA were more likely to be female, older and non-Caucasian. Anti-P. gingivalis (p <0.003) and anti-P. intermedia (p <0.008) IgG antibody titers were higher in the CCP-positive cohort. Differences in P. gingivalis antibody titers remained significant after adjusting for age (p = 0.007). Children with CCP-positive JIA more likely reported tender/bleeding gums (43 % vs. 24 %, p < 0.02) compared to children with CCP-negative JIA. After controlling for age at collection, the odds of having tender/bleeding gums were 2.2 times higher in the CCP-positive group compared (95 % CI 0.98 - 4.83; p = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS Children with CCP-positive JIA have higher antibody titers to P. gingivalis and more symptoms of poor oral health, supporting a possible role for periodontitis in the etiology of CCP-positive JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lange
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Gabriel Wang
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | | | - Sheila T. Angeles-Han
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kelly A. Rouster-Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aimee O. Hersh
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Larry B. Vogler
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Shelly Abramowicz
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Angeles-Han ST, McCracken C, Yeh S, Jenkins K, Stryker D, Travers C, Rouster-Stevens K, Vogler LB, Lambert SR, Drews-Botsch C, Prahalad S. The Association of Race With Childhood Uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:919-928.e1. [PMID: 26255577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk factors for a severe uveitis course among children with noninfectious uveitis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHOD This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Records of 94 children with uveitis were reviewed at enrollment and every 3-6 months (2011-2015). Severe uveitis was defined as a history of ocular complications or a visual acuity (VA) of ≤20/200. Children were compared by disease, VA, complications, and race. Regression models were used to model risk factors for severe disease. When examining race, we focused on non-Hispanic African-American and non-Hispanic white children only. RESULTS Of 85 children with uveitis and complete ocular examinations, 27 (32%) had a history of a VA of ≤20/200. A subanalysis of non-Hispanic African-American and white children showed an increased prevalence of VA ≤20/200 in non-Hispanic African-Americans (18/25; 72% vs 4/43; 9%). Non-Hispanic African-Americans were more likely to be diagnosed at an older age (P = .030) and to have intermediate uveitis (P = .026), bilateral disease (P = .032), a history of VA ≤20/50 (P = .002), VA ≤20/200 (P < .001), and a higher rate of complications (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, non-Hispanic African-American race was a significant predictor of blindness (OR = 31.6, 95% CI 5.9-168.5, P < .001), after controlling for uveitis duration. Non-Hispanic African-Americans also developed 2.2 times more unique complications per year of disease than non-Hispanic whites when controlling for uveitis type and duration. CONCLUSIONS There appear to be racial differences in the outcomes of children with uveitis. Non-Hispanic African-American children with non-juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis may have worse visual outcomes with increased vision loss and ocular complications. These findings highlight the need for future studies in minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T Angeles-Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Daneka Stryker
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Curtis Travers
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Rouster-Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Larry B Vogler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott R Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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Angeles-Han ST, McCracken C, Yeh S, Jenkins K, Stryker D, Rouster-Stevens K, Vogler LB, Lambert SR, Drews-Botsch C, Prahalad S. Characteristics of a cohort of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and JIA-associated Uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:19. [PMID: 26031738 PMCID: PMC4450472 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) can lead to poor visual outcomes and impact a child's quality of life (QOL) and function. Our aim is to identify risk markers of JIA-U and examine differences in the QOL of children with JIA and JIA-U. METHODS Rheumatology and ophthalmology record reviews and questionnaires were completed every 4-6 months on 287 children with JIA. We collected arthritis, uveitis, and QOL data. We examined data through last study visit. RESULTS There were 52/287 (18%) children with JIA-U who were younger at arthritis diagnosis, had oligoarticular persistent JIA, and ANA positive. Confirmed uveitis predictors were age at JIA diagnosis (OR = 0.86) and oligoarticular subtype (OR = 5.92). They had worse vision specific QOL and function, but similar general QOL. Blindness occurred in 17.5% of children but was more common in African American children compared to non-Hispanic Caucasian children ((5/7 (71%) vs. 2/29 (7%), p <0.001) despite a similar uveitis prevalence (22% vs. 16%). Both races had similar complications, although band keratopathy was more frequent in African Americans (75% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS We confirm young age at JIA diagnosis and the oligoarticular JIA subtype as predictors of uveitis development. Although we were unable to identify predictors of ocular complications or blindness, AA children appeared to have a more severe disease course manifested by increased ocular complications, vision loss and blindness. Potential causes that warrant additional study include underlying disease severity, access to medical care and referral bias. Further investigation of the risk factors for vision-compromising uveitis and its' long-term effects should be conducted in a large racially diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T. Angeles-Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Kirsten Jenkins
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Daneka Stryker
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Kelly Rouster-Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Larry B. Vogler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Scott R. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Carolyn Drews-Botsch
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Archer SR, Abramowsky CR, Kobrynski L, Simoneaux S, Vogler LB, Ricketts RR, Parker C, Elawahbdeh N, Shehata BM. Malakoplakia and primary immunodeficiency. J Pediatr 2014; 165:1053-6. [PMID: 25155967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malakoplakia, a rare granulomatous disease caused by impaired macrophage response, has been reported only rarely in children. We report 3 unique cases, with lesions occurring in unusual locations in children with primary immune deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney R Archer
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carlos R Abramowsky
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Kobrynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stephen Simoneaux
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Larry B Vogler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Richard R Ricketts
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cecily Parker
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nancy Elawahbdeh
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bahig M Shehata
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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Lange L, Thiele GM, Pichavant M, Wang G, Ponder L, Stevens KR, Angeles-Han ST, Kennedy C, Vogler LB, Mikuls TR, Prahalad S. A116: Increased Antibody Responses to Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Children With Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody-Positive Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lori Ponder
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta GA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Omaha VA Medical Center and University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE
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Angeles-Han ST, McCracken C, Jenkins K, Myoung E, Stryker D, Ponder L, Stevens KR, Vogler LB, Kennedy C, Yeh S, Drews-Botsch C, Prahalad S. A41: The Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life as a Measure of Uveitis Activity, Visual Function and Vision Related Quality of Life in Childhood Uveitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lori Ponder
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta GA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Yeh
- Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA
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Angeles-Han ST, McCracken C, Pichavant M, Jenkins K, Ponder L, Myoung E, Stevens KR, Vogler LB, Kennedy C, Yeh S, Cope S, Bohnsack JF, Hersh AO, Thompson SD, Prahalad S. A123: HLA Associations in a Matched Cohort of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Children With and Without Uveitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lori Ponder
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta GA
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven Yeh
- Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA
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13
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Prahalad S, McCracken C, Ponder L, Angeles-Han ST, Stevens KR, Vogler LB, Langefeld CD, Thompson SD. A120: Familial Autoimmunity in the CARRA Registry. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lori Ponder
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta GA
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Ferrell EG, Ponder LA, Minor LS, Angeles-Han ST, Kennedy CW, Rouster-Stevens KA, Rohani-Pichavant M, Vogler LB, Prahalad S. Limitations in the classification of childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:547-53. [PMID: 24488421 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (RF+ poly) is the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) category that resembles adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied children with RF+ and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)+ JIA to determine what proportion of those children meet International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria for RF+ poly JIA and to assess for significant differences between children who meet RF+ poly criteria and those who are classified in other categories. METHODS Charts of children with JIA who were RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ were reviewed. Children with RF+ poly JIA were compared to children in other categories. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and the Student's t-test. RESULTS Of 56 children with RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ JIA, 34 (61%) met ILAR criteria for RF+ poly JIA. Twelve children had RF-/anti-CCP+ JIA with low anti-CCP titers. When these 12 children were excluded, there were few significant differences between children who met criteria for RF+ poly and those who were classified in other categories. The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA identified more RF+ children than did the ILAR RF+ poly classification (100% vs 77%). CONCLUSION A number of children with RF+ arthritis were excluded from the RF+ poly JIA classification, though many demographic features and disease measures were similar to those of children who met criteria for RF+ poly JIA. We propose prioritization of RF/anti-CCP positivity over specific exclusions, along with inclusion of anti-CCP, in future revisions of the JIA classification criteria, to improve the sensitivity of diagnosing childhood-onset RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Ferrell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, and the Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Angeles-Han ST, Pelajo CF, Vogler LB, Rouster-Stevens K, Kennedy C, Ponder L, McCracken C, Lopez-Benitez J, Drews-Botsch C, Prahalad S. Risk markers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:2088-96. [PMID: 24187099 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiology and clinical course of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry and explore differences between African American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) children. METHODS There were 4983 children with JIA enrolled in the CARRA Registry. Of those, 3967 NHW and AA children were included in this study. Demographic and disease-related data were collected from diagnosis to enrollment. Children with JIA were compared to those with JIA-U. Children with JIA-U were also compared by race. RESULTS There were 459/3967 children (11.6%) with JIA-U in our cohort with a mean age (SD) of 11.4 years (± 4.5) at enrollment. Compared to children with JIA, they were younger at arthritis onset, more likely to be female, had < 5 joints involved, had oligoarticular JIA, and were antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive, rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative, and anticitrullinated protein antibody-negative. Predictors of uveitis development included female sex, early age of arthritis onset, and oligoarticular JIA. Polyarticular RF-positive JIA subtype was protective. Nearly 3% of children with JIA-U were AA. However, of the 220 AA children with JIA, 6% had uveitis; in contrast, 12% of the 3721 NHW children with JIA had uveitis. CONCLUSION In the CARRA registry, the prevalence of JIA-U in AA and NHW children is 11.6%. We confirmed known uveitis risk markers (ANA positivity, younger age at arthritis onset, and oligoarticular JIA). We describe a decreased likelihood of uveitis in AA children and recommend further exploration of race as a risk factor in a larger population of AA children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T Angeles-Han
- From the Department of Pediatrics, and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Kaalla MJ, Broadaway KA, Rohani-Pichavant M, Conneely KN, Whiting A, Ponder L, Okou DT, Angeles-Han S, Rouster-Stevens K, Brown MR, Vogler LB, Jorde LB, Bohnsack JF, Epstein MP, Prahalad S. Meta-analysis confirms association between TNFA-G238A variant and JIA, and between PTPN22-C1858T variant and oligoarticular, RF-polyarticular and RF-positive polyarticular JIA. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013; 11:40. [PMID: 24160187 PMCID: PMC3874734 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although more than 100 non-HLA variants have been tested for associations with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in candidate gene studies, only a few have been replicated. We sought to replicate reported associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PTPN22, TNFA and MIF genes in a well-characterized cohort of children with JIA. METHODS We genotyped and analyzed 4 SNPs in 3 genes: PTPN22 C1858T (rs2476601), TNFA G-308A, G-238A (rs1800629, rs361525) and MIF G-173C (rs755622) in 647 JIA cases and 751 healthy controls. We tested for association between each variant and JIA as well as JIA subtypes. We adjusted for multiple testing using permutation procedures. We also performed a meta-analysis that combined our results with published results from JIA association studies. RESULTS While the PTPN22 variant showed only modest association with JIA (OR = 1.29, p = 0.0309), it demonstrated a stronger association with the RF-positive polyarticular JIA subtype (OR = 2.12, p = 0.0041). The MIF variant was not associated with the JIA as a whole or with any subtype. The TNFA-238A variant was associated with JIA as a whole (OR 0.66, p = 0.0265), and demonstrated a stronger association with oligoarticular JIA (OR 0.33, p = 0.0006) that was significant after correction for multiple testing. TNFA-308A was not associated with JIA, but was nominally associated with systemic JIA (OR = 0.33, p = 0.0089) and enthesitis-related JIA (OR = 0.40, p = 0.0144). Meta-analyses confirmed significant associations between JIA and PTPN22 (OR 1.44, p <0.0001) and TNFA-238A (OR 0.69, p < 0.0086) variants. Subtype meta-analyses of the PTPN22 variant revealed associations between RF-positive, RF-negative, and oligoarticular JIA, that remained significant after multiple hypothesis correction (p < 0.0005, p = 0.0007, and p < 0.0005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We have confirmed associations between JIA and PTPN22 and TNFA G-308A. By performing subtype analyses, we discovered a statistically-significant association between the TNFA-238A variant and oligoarticular JIA. Our meta-analyses confirm the associations between TNFA-238A and JIA, and show that PTPN22 C1858T is associated with JIA as well as with RF-positive, RF-negative and oligoarticular JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlyn J Kaalla
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April Whiting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lori Ponder
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David T Okou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sheila Angeles-Han
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Rouster-Stevens
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Milton R Brown
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larry B Vogler
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John F Bohnsack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Prahalad S, Conneely KN, Jiang Y, Sudman M, Wallace CA, Brown MR, Ponder LA, Rohani-Pichavant M, Zwick ME, Cutler DJ, Angeles-Han ST, Vogler LB, Kennedy C, Rouster-Stevens K, Wise CA, Punaro M, Reed AM, Mellins ED, Bohnsack JF, Glass DN, Thompson SD. Susceptibility to childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of a weighted genetic risk score that integrates cumulative effects of variants at five genetic loci. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65:1663-7. [PMID: 23450725 PMCID: PMC3683854 DOI: 10.1002/art.37913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include those with rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. To test the hypothesis that adult-onset RA-associated variants are also associated with childhood-onset RA, we investigated RA-associated variants at 5 loci in a cohort of patients with childhood-onset RA. We also assessed the cumulative association of these variants in susceptibility to childhood-onset RA using a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS). METHODS A total of 155 children with childhood-onset RA and 684 healthy controls were genotyped for 5 variants in the PTPN22, TRAF1/C5, STAT4, and TNFAIP3 loci. High-resolution HLA-DRB1 genotypes were available for 149 cases and 373 controls. We tested each locus for association with childhood-onset RA via logistic regression. We also computed a wGRS for each subject, with weights based on the natural log of the published odds ratios (ORs) for the alleles investigated, and used logistic regression to test the wGRS for association with childhood-onset RA. RESULTS Childhood-onset RA was associated with TNFAIP3 rs10499194 (OR 0.60 [95% confidence interval 0.44-0.83]), PTPN22 rs2476601 (OR 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.11-2.31]), and STAT4 rs7574865 (OR 1.41 [95% confidence interval 1.06-1.87]) variants. The wGRS was significantly different between cases and controls (P < 2 × 10(-16) ). Individuals in the third to fifth quintiles of wGRS had a significantly increased disease risk compared to baseline (individuals in the first quintile). Higher wGRS was associated with increased risk of childhood-onset RA, especially among males. CONCLUSION The magnitude and direction of the association between TNFAIP3, STAT4, and PTPN22 variants and childhood-onset RA are similar to those observed in RA, suggesting that adult-onset RA and childhood-onset RA share common genetic risk factors. Using a wGRS, we have demonstrated the cumulative association of RA-associated variants with susceptibility to childhood-onset RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Prahalad
- Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Brown RT, Shaftman SR, Tilley BC, Anthony KK, Kral MC, Maxson B, Mee L, Bonner MJ, Vogler LB, Schanberg LE, Connelly MA, Wagner JL, Silver RM, Nietert PJ. The health education for lupus study: a randomized controlled cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in adolescent females with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med Sci 2013; 344:274-82. [PMID: 22996139 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182449be9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine in a randomize controlled feasibility clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to manage pain, enhance disease adjustment and adaptation and improve quality of life among female adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS Female adolescents (n = 53) ranging in age from 12 to 18 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups including a cognitive-behavioral intervention, an education-only arm and a no-contact control group. Participants were assessed at baseline, postintervention and at 3- and 6-month intervals after completion of the intervention. RESULTS No significant differences were revealed among the 3 treatment arms for any of the dependent measures at any of the assessment points. For the mediator variables, a posthoc secondary analysis did reveal increases in coping skills from baseline to postintervention among the participants in the cognitive-behavioral intervention group compared with both the no-contact control group and the education-only group. CONCLUSION Although no differences were detected in the primary outcome, a possible effect on coping of female adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus was detected in this feasibility study. Whether the impact of training in the area of coping was of sufficient magnitude to generalize to other areas of functioning, such as adjustment and adaptation, is unclear. Future phase III randomized trials will be needed to assess additional coping models and to evaluate the dose of training and its influence on pain management, adjustment and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T Brown
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Abstract
Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which is the most common systemic cause of uveitis in children. Known risk factors for uveitis include antinuclear antibody seropositivity, young age of arthritis onset, specific juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtype and short duration of disease. Risk markers for severe ocular disease include gender, age and complications at initial visit. Due to the risk for vision-compromising sequelae such as cataracts, band keratopathy, glaucoma, vision loss and blindness, an understanding of the risk factors for uveitis development and severe ocular disease is crucial to help prevent serious visual disability and complications. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of uveitis, known risk factors for uveitis development and severe visual outcome, and addresses the need for additional biomarkers of uveitis risk, prognosis and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T Angeles-Han
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Mina R, von Scheven E, Ardoin SP, Eberhard BA, Punaro M, Ilowite N, Hsu J, Klein-Gitelman M, Moorthy LN, Muscal E, Radhakrishna SM, Wagner-Weiner L, Adams M, Blier P, Buckley L, Chalom E, Chédeville G, Eichenfield A, Fish N, Henrickson M, Hersh AO, Hollister R, Jones O, Jung L, Levy D, Lopez-Benitez J, McCurdy D, Miettunen PM, Quintero-del Rio AI, Rothman D, Rullo O, Ruth N, Schanberg LE, Silverman E, Singer NG, Soep J, Syed R, Vogler LB, Yalcindag A, Yildirim-Toruner C, Wallace CA, Brunner HI. Consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012. [PMID: 22162255 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21558.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To formulate consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS A structured consensus formation process was employed by the members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance after considering the existing medical evidence and current treatment approaches. RESULTS After an initial Delphi survey (response rate = 70%), a 2-day consensus conference, and 2 followup Delphi surveys (response rates = 63-79%), consensus was achieved for a limited set of CTPs addressing the induction therapy of proliferative LN. These CTPs were developed for prototypical patients defined by eligibility characteristics, and included immunosuppressive therapy with either mycophenolic acid orally twice per day, or intravenous cyclophosphamide once per month at standardized dosages for 6 months. Additionally, the CTPs describe 3 options for standardized use of glucocorticoids, including a primarily oral, a mixed oral/intravenous, and a primarily intravenous regimen. There was consensus on measures of effectiveness and safety of the CTPs. The CTPs were well accepted by the pediatric rheumatology providers treating children with LN, and up to 300 children per year in North America are expected to be candidates for the treatment with the CTPs. CONCLUSION CTPs for induction therapy of proliferative LN in juvenile SLE based on the available scientific evidence and pediatric rheumatology group experience have been developed. Consistent use of the CTPs may improve the prognosis of proliferative LN, and support the conduct of comparative effectiveness studies aimed at optimizing therapeutic strategies for proliferative LN in juvenile SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Mina R, von Scheven E, Ardoin SP, Eberhard BA, Punaro M, Ilowite N, Hsu J, Klein-Gitelman M, Moorthy LN, Muscal E, Radhakrishna SM, Wagner-Weiner L, Adams M, Blier P, Buckley L, Chalom E, Chédeville G, Eichenfield A, Fish N, Henrickson M, Hersh AO, Hollister R, Jones O, Jung L, Levy D, Lopez-Benitez J, McCurdy D, Miettunen PM, Quintero-del Rio AI, Rothman D, Rullo O, Ruth N, Schanberg LE, Silverman E, Singer NG, Soep J, Syed R, Vogler LB, Yalcindag A, Yildirim-Toruner C, Wallace CA, Brunner HI. Consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:375-83. [PMID: 22162255 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To formulate consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS A structured consensus formation process was employed by the members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance after considering the existing medical evidence and current treatment approaches. RESULTS After an initial Delphi survey (response rate = 70%), a 2-day consensus conference, and 2 followup Delphi surveys (response rates = 63-79%), consensus was achieved for a limited set of CTPs addressing the induction therapy of proliferative LN. These CTPs were developed for prototypical patients defined by eligibility characteristics, and included immunosuppressive therapy with either mycophenolic acid orally twice per day, or intravenous cyclophosphamide once per month at standardized dosages for 6 months. Additionally, the CTPs describe 3 options for standardized use of glucocorticoids, including a primarily oral, a mixed oral/intravenous, and a primarily intravenous regimen. There was consensus on measures of effectiveness and safety of the CTPs. The CTPs were well accepted by the pediatric rheumatology providers treating children with LN, and up to 300 children per year in North America are expected to be candidates for the treatment with the CTPs. CONCLUSION CTPs for induction therapy of proliferative LN in juvenile SLE based on the available scientific evidence and pediatric rheumatology group experience have been developed. Consistent use of the CTPs may improve the prognosis of proliferative LN, and support the conduct of comparative effectiveness studies aimed at optimizing therapeutic strategies for proliferative LN in juvenile SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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22
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Angeles-Han ST, Prahalad S, Ponder L, Fields K, Robb R, Shainberg M, Vogler LB, Lenhart P, Hutchinson A, Srivastava SK, Lambert SR, Drews-Botsch C. Concordance between child and parent-proxy report on a new self-report tool of vision related quality of life for children with JIA-associated uveitis – “Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on QOL -EYE-Q”. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3402947 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-10-s1-a43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Robb
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Vogler LB, Angeles-Han S, Prahalad S, Rabinovich EC. Pulmonary thromboembolism in children with rheumatic diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3403063 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-10-s1-a73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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Prahalad S, Thompson SD, Conneely KN, Jiang Y, Leong T, Prozonic J, Brown MR, Ponder LA, Angeles-Han ST, Vogler LB, Kennedy C, Wallace CA, Wise CA, Punaro M, Reed A, Park JL, Mellins ED, Zeft AS, Bohnsack JF, Glass DN. Hierarchy of risk of childhood-onset rheumatoid arthritis conferred by HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:925-30. [PMID: 21953520 PMCID: PMC3276774 DOI: 10.1002/art.33376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between shared epitope (SE)-encoding HLA-DRB1 alleles and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are well established. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated these alleles in patients with childhood-onset RA, which is defined as rheumatoid factor- and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aims of this study were to investigate the largest cohort of patients with childhood-onset RA for association with SE alleles and to determine whether there is a hierarchy of risk based on the amino acid sequence of the SE. METHODS High-resolution HLA-DRB1 genotypes were obtained for 204 patients with childhood-onset RA and 373 healthy control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for different SE-encoding HLA-DRB1 alleles. In addition, genotype ORs were calculated for combinations of SE alleles classified into S(2) , S(3P) , or L alleles, based on amino acid sequences in position 70-74 of the DRβ1 chain, as proposed by Tezenas du Montcel et al. RESULTS We confirmed associations between HLA-DRB1 SE alleles and childhood-onset RA (76% of patients carried 1 or 2 SE alleles compared with 46% of control subjects; OR 3.81, 95% CI 2.4-6.0, P < 1 × 10(-7) ). We also observed associations between individual SE alleles (HLA-DRB1*0101, *0401, *0404, *0405, *0408, and *1001) and childhood-onset RA. Genotype-specific risk estimates suggested a hierarchy of risk, with the highest risk among individuals heterozygous for S(2) /S(3P) (OR 22.3, 95% CI 9.9-50.5, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We confirm the association between SE-encoding HLA-DRB1 alleles and susceptibility to childhood-onset RA. The excess risk conferred by carriage of the combination of S(2) and S(3P) risk alleles suggests that children with DRβ1 chains containing the KRAA and QRRAA or RRRAA sequences are especially susceptible to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Prahalad
- Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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25
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Villa A, Sobacchi C, Notarangelo LD, Bozzi F, Abinun M, Abrahamsen TG, Arkwright PD, Baniyash M, Brooks EG, Conley ME, Cortes P, Duse M, Fasth A, Filipovich AM, Infante AJ, Jones A, Mazzolari E, Muller SM, Pasic S, Rechavi G, Sacco MG, Santagata S, Schroeder ML, Seger R, Strina D, Ugazio A, Väliaho J, Vihinen M, Vogler LB, Ochs H, Vezzoni P, Friedrich W, Schwarz K. V(D)J recombination defects in lymphocytes due to RAG mutations: severe immunodeficiency with a spectrum of clinical presentations. Blood 2001; 97:81-8. [PMID: 11133745 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiencies, a proportion of which are due to mutations in either of the 2 recombination activating genes (RAG)-1 and -2, which mediate the process of V(D)J recombination leading to the assembly of antigen receptor genes. It is reported here that the clinical and immunologic phenotypes of patients bearing mutations in RAGs are more diverse than previously thought and that this variability is related, in part, to the specific type of RAG mutation. By analyzing 44 such patients from 41 families, the following conclusions were reached: (1) null mutations on both alleles lead to the T-B-SCID phenotype; (2) patients manifesting classic Omenn syndrome (OS) have missense mutations on at least one allele and maintain partial V(D)J recombination activity, which accounts for the generation of residual, oligoclonal T-lymphocytes; (3) in a third group of patients, findings were only partially compatible with OS, and these patients, who also carried at least one missense mutation, may be considered to have atypical SCID/OS; (4) patients with engraftment of maternal T cells as a complication of a transplacental transfusion represented a fourth group, and these patients, who often presented with a clinical phenotype mimicking OS, may be observed regardless of the type of RAG gene mutation. Analysis of the RAG genes by direct sequencing is an effective way to provide accurate diagnosis of RAG-deficient as opposed to RAG-independent V(D)J recombination defects, a distinction that cannot be made based on clinical and immunologic phenotype alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villa
- Department of Human Genome and Multifactorial Disease, Istituto di Tecnologie, Biomediche Avanzate, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
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Abstract
Ehrlichiae are rickettsial organisms recently shown to be human pathogens. Infections often cause fever, myalgia, and hematological abnormalities, and sometimes mild elevation in transaminases, creatinine, and urinary protein. We report a teenager with nephrotic syndrome from minimal change glomerulonephritis and serological evidence of ehrlichiosis. In the appropriate clinical setting, Ehrlichiae should be considered in the etiological assessment of patients with minimal change disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scaglia
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2040 Ridgewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Saha BK, Curtis SK, Vogler LB, Vihinen M. Molecular and structural characterization of five novel mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase gene from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Mol Med 1997; 3:477-85. [PMID: 9260159 PMCID: PMC2230218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene has been shown to be mutated in the human immunodeficiency disease, XLA (X-linked agammaglobulinemia). Btk is a member of the Tec family of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases with distinct functional domains PH, TH, SH3, SH2, and kinase. Mutations have been observed in each of the Btk subdomains in XLA. We have analyzed the Btk gene in six XLA patients from five unrelated families. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was prepared from the patients peripheral blood. The Btk exons including the junctional sequences were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by direct nucleotide sequencing after PCR-amplification. For structural analysis, the missense mutations were introduced into three-dimensional models of the PH and kinase domains of Btk and the outcome was predicted based on the knowledge of the protein function. RESULTS Five novel mutations and two novel polymorphisms, all of which resulted from single-base alterations, were identified. Three of the five mutations were in the PH domain and two were in the kinase domain of Btk. Three of these mutations were of the missense type, two of which altered the same codon in the PH domain; the third one was located in the kinase domain. The fourth mutation was a point deletion in the PH domain causing a frameshift followed by premature termination. The fifth mutation was a splice donor-site mutation within the kinase domain which could result in an exon skipping. In four of the five instances, mothers of the patients were shown to be obligate carriers. In one instance, a sibling sister was identified as a heterozygote establishing her as a carrier. CONCLUSIONS Functional consequences of the mutations causing frameshifts and altered splicing can be inferred directly. Functional consequences of the missense mutations were interpreted by 3-dimensional structural modeling of Btk domains. It is proposed that the two PH domain mutations will interfere with membrane localization while the kinase domain mutation will interfere with the enzymatic function of Btk. This study provides further insight into the role of Btk in XLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Saha
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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28
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Saha BK, Curtis SK, Vogler LB, Vihinen M. Molecular and Structural Characterization of Five Novel Mutations in the Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Gene from Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia. Mol Med 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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29
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Little JV, Foucar K, Duncan MH, Crago SS, McConnell TS, Griffith B, Chen IM, Vogler LB, Willman CL. A comparative analysis of cytoplasmic mu (C mu) expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by molecular and immunologic techniques. Identification of leukemia cases expressing C mu mRNA transcripts in the absence of detectable C mu proteins. Am J Clin Pathol 1992; 97:885-92. [PMID: 1595611 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/97.6.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among acute lymphoblastic leukemias derived from the B-cell lineage, the subset of cases expressing cytoplasmic mu heavy chain proteins (C mu) in the absence of surface immunoglobulin has been designated pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This group, traditionally identified using immunologic smear techniques, has been associated with a poor prognosis in some series. In a comparative study, 25 cases of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed for C mu expression using molecular and immunologic techniques. RNA derived from cryopreserved blast cells was hybridized in both Northern and slot-blot analyses using a probe (pBZ311) containing four exons of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain mu constant region gene. Expression of C mu proteins was assessed simultaneously by slide immunofluorescence and flow cytometric techniques in all samples. These studies were correlated with immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangements, cell-surface immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and other clinicopathologic features. C mu mRNA transcripts were detected in 14 of 25 cases, whereas C mu proteins were detected in only 9 of these cases using flow cytometric techniques. Only four of these nine cases were positive by slide immunofluorescence techniques. These studies imply that molecular and flow cytometric techniques may be a more sensitive means to assess C mu expression. The identification of five cases that expressed C mu mRNA transcripts in the absence of detectable C mu proteins also suggests that molecular techniques may be valuable in identifying a unique subgroup of pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases that contain C mu mRNA transcripts, but lack C mu proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Little
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque
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30
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Abstract
N-myc expression has been reported in neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Increased expression associated with gene amplification in neuroblastoma correlates with disease stage and prognosis. N-myc expression has been observed in diverse murine tissues during early stages of development with loss of expression in later stages. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed pre-B cells express N-myc, whereas mature B cells do not. To determine whether human B-lymphocyte precursors also have increased N-myc expression, we extracted DNA and RNA from representative cell lines, prepared Southern and Northern blots and examined them with the N-myc probe, pNB-1. RNA from the following B-cell developmental stages were examined. One null, 1 pre-pre-B, 3 pre-B (including pre-B-lymphoblastic leukemia, a poor prognostic category) and 5 mature B. Neuroblastoma cells and tissues served as positive controls; negative controls included human muscle, placenta, epithelial cell lines, monocytic, promyelocytic, and T-cell lines. N-myc expression was detected in neuroblastoma cells, but in none of the mature human B or B-lymphocyte precursor cells. Additional immunocytochemical studies performed for N-myc nuclear protein likewise failed to detect this gene product. We conclude that human pre-B cells, unlike murine B-cell precursors, do not express increased levels of N-myc RNA. Expression of this oncogene in human neoplastic B cells does not appear to correlate with developmental stage or prognostic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Wetherall
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2561
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31
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Kinney MC, Collins RD, Whitlock J, Cousar JB, Vogler LB. Response of neoplasms of B cell lineage to the proliferative effects of B cell growth factor and the phorbol ester TPA. Am J Pathol 1989; 134:913-23. [PMID: 2784941 PMCID: PMC1879778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available regarding the role of soluble growth factors in neoplastic B cell proliferation. The authors have measured B cell growth factor (BCGF)-induced proliferation in B lymphocytes isolated from 28 patients with malignancies representing different stages of B cell differentiation. The phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate), a potent mitogen and inducer of BCGF receptor expression in normal B cells, was added in combination with BCGF to enhance the proliferative response. These results show that many neoplastic B cells are able to respond to BCGF (32%), particularly when combined with TPA (63%). The response was variable in frequency and magnitude within clinicopathologic groups; cells from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were more refractory to stimulation than those from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). An attenuated response to BCGF plus TPA was observed in neoplastic cells with high rates of spontaneous DNA synthesis from all histologic categories. These observations suggest that some maximally stimulated cells appear incapable of responding to additional exogenous growth stimuli. Within apparently homogeneous clinicopathologic groups, distinct subgroups of B cell neoplasms can be defined by cellular responses to BCGF. The correlation of this biologic feature with the clinical behavior of the neoplasm requires additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kinney
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
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32
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Greer JP, Cousar JB, Miller RF, Vogler LB, Goodin JC, Graber SE, Collins RD. T4+ (helper phenotype) chronic lymphocytic leukemia: case report with liver failure and literature review. Med Pediatr Oncol 1988; 16:356-62. [PMID: 2972899 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950160514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas and leukemias are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms found in each anatomic compartment of the T system (marrow, thymus, and various peripheral tissues) and that have varying phenotypic expressions. Histopathologic features of the thymic and peripheral T neoplasms do not fit into a clearly defined pattern, and clinical expressions of T neoplasms are likewise variable. This report describes a 60-year-old man with "chronic" lymphocytic leukemia of T4+ (helper) phenotype. Rapid deterioration in liver function, presumably due to tumor infiltration, was unexpected and has not previously been reported. The unusual clinical and pathologic features are reviewed in the context of T-cell neoplasms, particularly T4+ processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Greer
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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33
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous transforming virus of the herpes group showing tropism for B lymphocytes. Primary infection in normal hosts results in a transient lymphoproliferative disorder, acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), that is restricted by cytotoxic and suppressive lymphocytes. However, in the immunodeficient host, EBV-induced lymphoproliferation may behave in a biologically malignant fashion. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies and those with immune incompetence resulting from suppressive therapy in allograft transplantation or infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have EBV-related illness ranging from fulminant mononucleosis and invasive polyclonal B cell hyperplasia to monoclonal B cell malignancies. While the direct link between EBV and malignant B cell proliferation in these patients has not been elucidated, the association has been increasingly recognized with improved techniques of viral detection. Clinical management can be guided by the location and extent of tumor, histologic features, and clonality. Regional and node-based polyclonal proliferations may respond to prompt reduction of immunosuppressive therapy and efforts to interrupt the replicative cycle with antiviral agents. Systemic cytotoxic therapy often leads to further immunosuppression and should be reserved for patients with progressive disease, advanced visceral involvement, and monoclonal lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F List
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37237
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36
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Abstract
Although follicular centers are the sites of production of plasma cell precursors, plasmacytic differentiation in follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas is rarely seen, presumably because of a "block" in differentiation of the large noncleaved FCC. The authors reviewed a large number of these cases to determine the frequency of plasmacytic differentiation in FCC lymphomas. In one hundred ninety-eight, consecutive FCC lymphomas with a follicular pattern from a two-year period, 17 (9%) cases were found in which there were large numbers of plasma cells. Immunoperoxidase studies of paraffin-embedded sections (PIP) for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin showed polytypic marking in ten of these and a monotypic plasma cell population in seven. In this latter group, isotypically identical marking of the plasma cell and FCC populations could be demonstrated in three cases with immunoperoxidase (where the FCCs showed cytoplasmic marking) and in one case (of one tested) with surface typing studies. In addition, three patients had serum paraproteins identical to the plasma cell cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. These findings indicate that a small minority of FCC lymphomas contain sufficient plasma cells to be a diagnostic problem, and that in some of these cases, plasma cells are a differentiated component of the FCC lymphomas.
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37
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Mitchell WM, Forti RL, Vogler LB, Lawton AR, Gregg CR. Spontaneous and interferon resistant natural killer cell anergy in AIDS. AIDS Res 1983; 1:221-9. [PMID: 6085924 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1.1983.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by severe unrelenting opportunistic infections and/or Kaposi's sarcoma associated with a dysfunction of cell mediated immune responses. In addition to cutaneous anergy and inversion of T-helper/inducer to T-suppressor cell ratios usually observed in AIDS, we have observed in three AIDS cases with multiple opportunistic infections that spontaneous and interferon (IFN) stimulated natural killer (NK) cell activity against K-562 cells is absent or severely depressed as compared to controls. Spontaneous and IFN stimulated NK cell activity in promiscuous male homosexual controls was similar to that observed in heterosexual controls. The control subjects had T-helper:T-suppressor ratios ranging from 1.1 to 2.4 in contrast to the AIDS subjects who had typical inverted ratios of T-cells ranging from 0.17 to 0.54. HNK-1, a monoclonal antibody that identifies NK and antibody-dependent cytotoxic cells, marked 3-22% of peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients in comparison to 8-38% of lymphocytes from controls. A larger series will be required in order to ascertain the true incidence of NK cell anergy in AIDS and whether or not subgroups exist based on the association of Kaposi's sarcoma in the disease process.
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Vogler LB. Bone marrow B cell development. Clin Haematol 1982; 11:509-29. [PMID: 6756732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Pullen DJ, Falletta JM, Crist WM, Vogler LB, Dowell B, Humphrey GB, Blackstock R, Eys JV, Cooper MD, Metzgar RS, Meydrech EF. Southwest Oncology Group experience with immunological phenotyping in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Cancer Res 1981; 41:4802-9. [PMID: 6975163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Vogler LB, Crist WM, Sarrif AM, Pullen DJ, Bartolucci AA, Falletta JM, Dowell B, Humphrey GB, Blackstock R, van Eys J, Metzgar RS, Cooper MD. An analysis of clinical and laboratory features of acute lymphocytic leukemias with emphasis on 35 children with pre-B leukemia. Blood 1981; 58:135-40. [PMID: 6786391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In 35 of 191 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) malignant cells were similar in phenotype to B-lymphocyte precursors. Both these patients' lymphoblasts and normal pre-B-cells contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) mu heavy chains, but have no surface Ig. In patients with pre-B leukemias, lymphoblasts containing cytoplasmic mu chains alone were often accompanied by cells of identical morphology that expressed no Ig and less frequently by lymphoblasts bearing scant amounts of surface mu. This spectrum of cellular Ig expression suggests that "null," pre-B, and intermediate pre-B/B ALLs represent closely related malignancies with complete or partial arrests at different stages of maturation. When pre-B, B, T, and "null" cell categories of ALL were compared for 22 different clinical and laboratory features, including remission rate and short-term remission duration, no statistical differences were observed between the pre-B and "null" groups. These early results suggest that pre-B-cell leukemias represents a relatively good prognostic subclass of ALL, do not require more intensive treatment than that proven to be effective for "null" cell ALL, and should be distinguished from the less common, but more clinically aggressive, B-cell subclass of ALL. Longer follow-up will be required to confirm these preliminary conclusions.
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42
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Vogler LB, Preud'homme JL, Seligmann M, Gathings WE, Crist WM, Cooper MD, Bollum FJ. Diversity of immunoglobulin expression in leukaemic cells resembling B-lymphocyte precursors. Nature 1981; 290:339-41. [PMID: 6782491 DOI: 10.1038/290339a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) have leukaemic blasts with features of pre-B cells which are the recently characterized precursors of B lymphocytes in normal development (for a review, see ref. 2). Pre-B cells isolated from normal bone marrow or fetal liver, and malignant cells from patients with pre-B cell leukaemia, are rapidly dividing lymphoid cells that contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin mu heavy chains, but have no detectable surface immunoglobulin. The resemblance of immunoglobulin-containing ALL cells to normal precursors of B lymphocytes and their availability in relatively pure preparations allowed us to explore them as models of early stages in the differentiation of the B-lymphocyte line. We report here observations on the occurrence of intermediate pre-B/B-cell phenotypes, immunoglobulin isotype switching and the asynchrony of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain expression in 30 cases of ALL and 3 cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in lymphoblastic crisis (CML-BC).
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Abstract
Seven adults had a distinct clinicopathologic type of lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow. All patients presented with weakness and pancytopenia; no evidence of gross extramedullary involvement was found. In 5 cases severe and prolonged bone marrow hypoplasia was associated with combination chemotherapy; 1 patient died of infection during initial therapy. In 6 of the 7 cases, clinical improvement occurred following therapy. As a terminal event, 2 patients developed a leukemic phase. Tumor cell from 4 patients were studied immunologically, and in 2 patients surface marker characteristics suggestive of T-cell tumor origin were found. In 2 cases, ultrastructural studies of lymphoid cells were compatible with a T-cell neoplasm. The above data suggest that these cases represent a distinct type of chemotherapy-sensitive lymphoma in which conservative initial treatment may induce a response without prolonged bone marrow hypoplasia.
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Vogler LB, Crist WM, Vinson PC, Sarrif A, Brattain MG, Coleman MS. Philadelphia-chromosome-positive pre-B-cell leukemia presenting as blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1979; 54:1164-70. [PMID: 315245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have shown that the majority of hemopoietic cells originate from pluripotential stem cells affected in this disease. Evidence that lymphocytes are also progeny of these stem cells, however, has been indirect. Philadelphia-chromosome-positive leukemic blasts from a 4 10/12-yr-old boy with CML in blast crisis had features characteristic of pre-B leukemic cells, including expression of cytoplasmic IgM and absence of surface immunoglobulin. Additional immunologic, enzymatic, and pharmacologic characterization of these cells supported their pre-B-cell phenotype. Together, these features provide direct evidence for CML stem cell ancestry to lymphocytes of the B-cell lineage.
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Kubagawa H, Vogler LB, Capra JD, Conrad ME, Lawton AR, Cooper MD. Studies on the clonal origin of multiple myeloma. Use of individually specific (idiotype) antibodies to trace the oncogenic event to its earliest point of expression in B-cell differentiation. J Exp Med 1979; 150:792-807. [PMID: 92518 PMCID: PMC2185666 DOI: 10.1084/jem.150.4.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA myeloma proteins of kappa- and lambda-types were isolated from two patients. These were used to produce and purify anti-idiotype antibodies of both broad (myeloma-related) and narrow (individual myeloma) specificities. The anti-idiotype antibodies were conjugated with fluorochromes and used as immunofluorescent probes to trace in the patients clonal expansion at different levels of B-cell differentiation. Our results (a) confirm that B lymphocyte precursors in IgA plasma-cell myelomas are involved in the malignant process, (b) show that B lymphocytes of the malignant clone include those expressing each of the major heavy-chain isotypes, mu, delta, gamma, and alpha, and (c) provide strong circumstantial evidence that pre-B-cell members of the malignant clone are also increased in frequency. T cells expressing idiotypic determinants were not detected. These findings argue that the initial oncogenic event may occur in a B-stem cell and is not influenced through stimulation by antigen. An interesting association was the increased frequency of related clones of B lymphocytes as detected by their reactivity with anti-idiotype antibodies of broad specificity. Neither plasma cell nor pre-B-cell members of these related clones were increased in frequency. Anti-idiotype antibodies or helper T cells reactive with myeloma-related idiotypes could be responsible for this phenomenon. We discuss other implications of these findings and speculate that all of the various phenotypes of B-lineage malignancies may result from oncogenic processes affecting stem cell targets.
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Vogler LB, Newman SL, Stroud RM, Johnston RB. Recurrent meningococcal meningitis with absence of the sixth component of complement: an evaluation of underlying immunologic mechanisms. Pediatrics 1979; 64:465-7. [PMID: 492812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51/2-year-old black girl with recurrent meningococcal meningitis and absence of the sixth component of complement (C6) is reported. To explore the pathogenesis of recurrent neisserial infections in C6 deficiency, a detailed analysis of her immune competence was conducted. Her serum had normal chemotactic, opsonic, alternative complement pathway, and specific antibody activity, but lacked complement-mediated bacteriolytic activity. In addition, her C6-deficient serum was indistinguishable from normal serum in a complement-dependent assay of phagocyte bactericidal activity. Absent bacteriolysis remains the only consistent defect associated with recurrent neisserial infections and absence of one of the late-acting complement components.
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Balch CM, Dougherty PA, Vogler LB, Ades EW, Ferrone S. A new B cell differentiation antigen (BDA) on normal and leukemic human B lymphocytes that is distinct from known DR (Ia-like) antigens. J Immunol 1978; 121:2322-8. [PMID: 102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A newly defined human B cell differentiation antigen, designated as BDA, has been defined and partially characterized. BDA is expressed on normal human B cells and lymphocytic leukemia cells at all stages of known differentiation (pre-B cells to plasma cells). It is distinct from DR (Ia-like) determinants and other known B cell surface constituents.
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Balch CM, Dougherty PA, Vogler LB, Ades EW, Ferrone S. A New B Cell Differentiation Antigen (BDA) on Normal and Leukemic Human B Lymphocytes That Is Distinct from Known DR (Ia-Like) Antigens. The Journal of Immunology 1978. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.121.6.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A newly defined human B cell differentiation antigen, designated as BDA, has been defined and partially characterized. BDA is expressed on normal human B cells and lymphocytic leukemia cells at all stages of known differentiation (pre-B cells to plasma cells). It is distinct from DR (Ia-like) determinants and other known B cell surface constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Balch
- Cellular Immunobiology Unit of The Tumor Institute, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Pediatrics, Veterans Hospital From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Medical Center From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A. Dougherty
- Cellular Immunobiology Unit of The Tumor Institute, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Pediatrics, Veterans Hospital From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Medical Center From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
| | - Larry B. Vogler
- Cellular Immunobiology Unit of The Tumor Institute, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Pediatrics, Veterans Hospital From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Medical Center From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
| | - Edwin W. Ades
- Cellular Immunobiology Unit of The Tumor Institute, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Pediatrics, Veterans Hospital From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Medical Center From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Cellular Immunobiology Unit of The Tumor Institute, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Pediatrics, Veterans Hospital From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Medical Center From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation From the and the , Birmingham, Alabama and The , La Jolla, California
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Newman SL, Vogler LB, Feigin RD, Johnston RB. Recurrent septicemia associated with congenital deficiency of C2 and partial deficiency of factor B and the alternative complement pathway. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:290-2. [PMID: 661928 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197808102990606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Vogler LB, Pearl ER. T- and B-lymphocytes: current status in man. South Med J 1978; 71:582-4. [PMID: 306131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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