1
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Abue P, Bhattacharyya N, Tang M, Jahn LG, Blomdahl D, Allen DT, Corsi RL, Novoselac A, Mistzal PK, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. Emissions from Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfection and Their Interaction with Mask Surfaces. ACS Eng Au 2024; 4:204-212. [PMID: 38646518 PMCID: PMC11027093 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A rise in the disinfection of spaces occurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as an increase in people wearing facial coverings. Hydrogen peroxide was among the recommended disinfectants for use against the virus. Previous studies have investigated the emissions of hydrogen peroxide associated with the disinfection of spaces and masks; however, those studies did not focus on the emitted byproducts from these processes. Here, we simulate the disinfection of an indoor space with H2O2 while a person wearing a face mask is present in the space by using an environmental chamber with a thermal manikin wearing a face mask over its breathing zone. We injected hydrogen peroxide to disinfect the space and utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) to measure the primary disinfectant (H2O2) and a Vocus proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Vocus PTR-ToF-MS) to measure the byproducts from disinfection, comparing concentrations inside the chamber and behind the mask. Concentrations of the primary disinfectant and the byproducts inside the chamber and behind the mask remained elevated above background levels for 2-4 h after disinfection, indicating the possibility of extended exposure, especially when continuing to wear the mask. Overall, our results point toward the time-dependent impact of masks on concentrations of disinfectants and their byproducts and a need for regular mask change following exposure to high concentrations of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Abue
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nirvan Bhattacharyya
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mengjia Tang
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leif G. Jahn
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel Blomdahl
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David T. Allen
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Richard L. Corsi
- College
of Engineering, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Atila Novoselac
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pawel K. Mistzal
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Masoud C, Modi M, Bhattacharyya N, Jahn LG, McPherson KN, Abue P, Patel K, Allen DT, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. High Chlorine Concentrations in an Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Region and Impacts on Atmospheric Chemistry. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:15454-15464. [PMID: 37783466 PMCID: PMC10586373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth in unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) in the United States has increased airborne emissions, raising environmental and human health concerns. To assess the potential impacts on air quality, we deployed instrumentation in Karnes City, Texas, a rural area in the middle of the Eagle Ford Shale. We measured several episodes of elevated Cl2 levels, reaching maximum hourly averages of 800 ppt, the highest inland Cl2 concentration reported to date. Concentrations peak during the day, suggesting a strong local source (given the short photolysis lifetime of Cl2) and/or a photoinitiated production mechanism. Well preproduction activity near the measurement site is a plausible source of these high Cl2 levels via direct emission and photoactive chemistry. ClNO2 is also observed, but it peaks overnight, consistent with well-known nocturnal formation processes. Observations of organochlorines in the gas and particle phases reflect the contribution of chlorine chemistry to the formation of secondary pollutants in the area. Box modeling results suggest that the formation of ozone at this location is influenced by chlorine chemistry. These results suggest that UOGD can be an important source of reactive chlorine in the atmosphere, impacting radical budgets and the formation of secondary pollutants in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine
G. Masoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mrinali Modi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nirvan Bhattacharyya
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leif G. Jahn
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kristi N. McPherson
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pearl Abue
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kanan Patel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David T. Allen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Zhang Q, Pan J, Xiong D, Zheng J, McPherson KN, Lee S, Huang M, Xu Y, Chen SH, Wang Y, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, You M. Aerosolized miR-138-5p and miR-200c targets PD-L1 for lung cancer prevention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166951. [PMID: 37520581 PMCID: PMC10372486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chemopreventive strategies with the ability to prevent the progression of lung lesions to malignant cancers would reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from this deadly disease. Delivery of microRNA (miRNA) by inhalation is a novel method for lung cancer prevention. In this study, we investigated the combined efficacy of aerosolized miR-138-5p and miR-200c miRNA mimics in lung cancer prevention. Combination of the two miRNAs inhibited Benzo(a)pyrene (B((a))P)-induced lung adenomas and N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced lung squamous cell carcinomas with no detectable side effects. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC), we found that both miRNAs inhibited programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Our flow cytometry results showed that aerosolized delivery of combined miRNAs increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and reduced the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-regulatory cells. Our results demonstrated that the delivery of aerosolized microRNAs targeting PD-L1 can be highly effective in preventing lung cancer development and progression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Donghai Xiong
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junjun Zheng
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristi N. McPherson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sangbeom Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mofei Huang
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yitian Xu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shu-hsia Chen
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ming You
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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4
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Nguyen TB, Bates KH, Buenconsejo RS, Charan SM, Cavanna EE, Cocker DR, Day DA, DeVault MP, Donahue NM, Finewax Z, Habib LF, Handschy AV, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Hou CYS, Jimenez JL, Joo T, Klodt AL, Kong W, Le C, Masoud CG, Mayernik MS, Ng NL, Nienhouse EJ, Nizkorodov SA, Orlando JJ, Post JJ, Sturm PO, Thrasher BL, Tyndall GS, Seinfeld JH, Worley SJ, Zhang X, Ziemann PJ. Overview of ICARUS-A Curated, Open Access, Online Repository for Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Data. ACS Earth Space Chem 2023; 7:1235-1246. [PMID: 37342759 PMCID: PMC10278178 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric simulation chambers continue to be indispensable tools for research in the atmospheric sciences. Insights from chamber studies are integrated into atmospheric chemical transport models, which are used for science-informed policy decisions. However, a centralized data management and access infrastructure for their scientific products had not been available in the United States and many parts of the world. ICARUS (Integrated Chamber Atmospheric data Repository for Unified Science) is an open access, searchable, web-based infrastructure for storing, sharing, discovering, and utilizing atmospheric chamber data [https://icarus.ucdavis.edu]. ICARUS has two parts: a data intake portal and a search and discovery portal. Data in ICARUS are curated, uniform, interactive, indexed on popular search engines, mirrored by other repositories, version-tracked, vocabulary-controlled, and citable. ICARUS hosts both legacy data and new data in compliance with open access data mandates. Targeted data discovery is available based on key experimental parameters, including organic reactants and mixtures that are managed using the PubChem chemical database, oxidant information, nitrogen oxide (NOx) content, alkylperoxy radical (RO2) fate, seed particle information, environmental conditions, and reaction categories. A discipline-specific repository such as ICARUS with high amounts of metadata works to support the evaluation and revision of atmospheric model mechanisms, intercomparison of data and models, and the development of new model frameworks that can have more predictive power in the current and future atmosphere. The open accessibility and interactive nature of ICARUS data may also be useful for teaching, data mining, and training machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran B. Nguyen
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kelvin H. Bates
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Center
for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Reina S. Buenconsejo
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sophia M. Charan
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Eric E. Cavanna
- Information
and Educational Technology, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David R. Cocker
- Department
Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Marla P. DeVault
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zachary Finewax
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Luke F. Habib
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anne V. Handschy
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chung-Yi S. Hou
- Data Stewardship Engineering Team, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Taekyu Joo
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandra L. Klodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Weimeng Kong
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chen Le
- Department
Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Catherine G. Masoud
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matthew S. Mayernik
- Data Stewardship Engineering Team, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Nga L. Ng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric J. Nienhouse
- Data Stewardship Engineering Team, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - John J. Orlando
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jeroen J. Post
- Information
and Educational Technology, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Patrick O. Sturm
- Air Quality Research Center, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bridget L. Thrasher
- Data Stewardship Engineering Team, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Geoffrey S. Tyndall
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, Calif.
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Steven J. Worley
- Data Stewardship Engineering Team, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Paul J. Ziemann
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Bhattacharyya N, Tang M, Blomdahl DC, Jahn LG, Abue P, Allen DT, Corsi RL, Novoselac A, Misztal PK, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. Bleach Emissions Interact Substantially with Surgical and KN95 Mask Surfaces. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6589-6598. [PMID: 37061949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mask wearing and bleach disinfectants became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bleach generates toxic species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine (Cl2), and chloramines. Their reaction with organic species can generate additional toxic compounds. To understand interactions between masks and bleach disinfection, bleach was injected into a ventilated chamber containing a manikin with a breathing system and wearing a surgical or KN95 mask. Concentrations inside the chamber and behind the mask were measured by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and a Vocus proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus PTRMS). HOCl, Cl2, and chloramines were observed during disinfection and concentrations inside the chamber are 2-20 times greater than those behind the mask, driven by losses to the mask surface. After bleach injection, many species decay more slowly behind the mask by a factor of 0.5-0.7 as they desorb or form on the mask. Mass transfer modeling confirms the transition of the mask from a sink during disinfection to a source persisting >4 h after disinfection. Humidifying the mask increases reactive formation of chloramines, likely related to uptake of ammonia and HOCl. These experiments indicate that masks are a source of chemical exposure after cleaning events occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvan Bhattacharyya
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mengjia Tang
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel C Blomdahl
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leif G Jahn
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pearl Abue
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David T Allen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Richard L Corsi
- College of Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Atila Novoselac
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Reidy E, Bottorff BP, Rosales CM, Cardoso-Saldaña FJ, Arata C, Zhou S, Wang C, Abeleira A, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Goldstein AH, Novoselac A, Kahan TF, Abbatt JPD, Vance ME, Farmer DK, Stevens PS. Measurements of Hydroxyl Radical Concentrations during Indoor Cooking Events: Evidence of an Unmeasured Photolytic Source of Radicals. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:896-908. [PMID: 36603843 PMCID: PMC9850917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant oxidant in the outdoor environment, controlling the lifetimes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and contributing to the growth of secondary organic aerosols. Despite its importance outdoors, there have been relatively few measurements of the OH radical in indoor environments. During the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign, elevated concentrations of OH were observed near a window during cooking events, in addition to elevated mixing ratios of nitrous acid (HONO), VOCs, and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Particularly high concentrations were measured during the preparation of a traditional American Thanksgiving dinner, which required the use of a gas stove and oven almost continually for 6 h. A zero-dimensional chemical model underpredicted the measured OH concentrations even during periods when direct sunlight illuminated the area near the window, which increases the rate of OH production by photolysis of HONO. Interferences with measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) suggest that unmeasured photolytic VOCs were emitted during cooking events. The addition of a VOC that photolyzes to produce peroxy radicals (RO2), similar to pyruvic acid, into the model results in better agreement with the OH measurements. These results highlight our incomplete understanding of the nature of oxidation in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reidy
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Brandon P. Bottorff
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Colleen Marciel
F. Rosales
- O’Neill
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | | | - Caleb Arata
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York13244, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew Abeleira
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas, Austin, Texas78712, United
States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Atila Novoselac
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Tara F. Kahan
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York13244, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 5E6, Canada
| | | | - Marina E. Vance
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Delphine K. Farmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523, United States
| | - Philip S. Stevens
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
- O’Neill
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
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7
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Hodshire AL, Carter E, Mattila JM, Ilacqua V, Zambrana J, Abbatt JPD, Abeleira A, Arata C, DeCarlo PF, Goldstein AH, Ruiz LH, Vance ME, Wang C, Farmer DK. Detailed Investigation of the Contribution of Gas-Phase Air Contaminants to Exposure Risk during Indoor Activities. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12148-12157. [PMID: 35952310 PMCID: PMC9454252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Analytical capabilities in atmospheric chemistry provide new opportunities to investigate indoor air. HOMEChem was a chemically comprehensive indoor field campaign designed to investigate how common activities, such as cooking and cleaning, impacted indoor air in a test home. We combined gas-phase chemical data of all compounds, excluding those with concentrations <1 ppt, with established databases of health effect thresholds to evaluate potential risks associated with gas-phase air contaminants and indoor activities. The chemical composition of indoor air is distinct from outdoor air, with gaseous compounds present at higher levels and greater diversity─and thus greater predicted hazard quotients─indoors than outdoors. Common household activities like cooking and cleaning induce rapid changes in indoor air composition, raising levels of multiple compounds with high risk quotients. The HOMEChem data highlight how strongly human activities influence the air we breathe in the built environment, increasing the health risk associated with exposure to air contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hodshire
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Ellison Carter
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - James M. Mattila
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Vito Ilacqua
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Jordan Zambrana
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | | | - Andrew Abeleira
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter F. DeCarlo
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marina E. Vance
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, 427 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Delphine K. Farmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
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8
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Wang DS, Masoud CG, Modi M, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. Isoprene-Chlorine Oxidation in the Presence of NO x and Implications for Urban Atmospheric Chemistry. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:9251-9264. [PMID: 35700480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a key indicator of urban air quality. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributes substantially to the PM2.5 concentration. Discrepancies between modeling and field measurements of SOA indicate missing sources and formation mechanisms. Recent studies report elevated concentrations of reactive chlorine species in inland and urban regions, which increase the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and serve as sources for SOA and particulate chlorides. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon, is known to produce SOA under pristine conditions, but the effects of anthropogenic influences in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx) remain unexplored. Here, we investigate chlorine-isoprene reactions under low- and high-NOx conditions inside an environmental chamber. Organic chlorides including C5H11ClO3, C5H9ClO3, and C5H9ClO4 are observed as major gas- and particle-phase products. Modeling and experimental results show that the secondary OH-isoprene chemistry is significantly enhanced under high-NOx conditions, accounting for up to 40% of all isoprene oxidized and leading to the suppression of organic chloride formation. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene could serve as a source for multifunctional (chlorinated) organic oxidation products and SOA in both pristine and anthropogenically influenced environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Catherine G Masoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mrinali Modi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Nenes A, Wild O, Song S, Hu D, Liu D, He J, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Apte JS, Gunthe SS, Liu P. Ammonium Chloride Associated Aerosol Liquid Water Enhances Haze in Delhi, India. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7163-7173. [PMID: 35483018 PMCID: PMC9178790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between water vapor and atmospheric aerosol leads to enhancement in aerosol water content, which facilitates haze development, but its concentrations, sources, and impacts remain largely unknown in polluted urban environments. Here, we show that the Indian capital, Delhi, which tops the list of polluted capital cities, also experiences the highest aerosol water yet reported worldwide. This high aerosol water promotes secondary formation of aerosols and worsens air pollution. We report that severe pollution events are commonly associated with high aerosol water which enhances light scattering and reduces visibility by 70%. Strong light scattering also suppresses the boundary layer height on winter mornings in Delhi, inhibiting dispersal of pollutants and further exacerbating morning pollution peaks. We provide evidence that ammonium chloride is the largest contributor to aerosol water in Delhi, making up 40% on average, and we highlight that regulation of chlorine-containing precursors should be considered in mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K.
- College
of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, U.K.
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institut (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- (Y.C.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School
of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Center for
the Studies of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical
Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K.
| | - Shaojie Song
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dawei Hu
- Centre
for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PS, U.K.
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianjun He
- State
Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric
Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological
Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joshua S. Apte
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sachin S. Gunthe
- EWRE
Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Laboratory
for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian
Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- (S.S.G.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
- (P.L.)
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10
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Jahn LG, Wang DS, Dhulipala SV, Ruiz LH. Gas-Phase Chlorine Radical Oxidation of Alkanes: Effects of Structural Branching, NO x, and Relative Humidity Observed during Environmental Chamber Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7303-7317. [PMID: 34383508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine-initiated oxidation of alkanes has been shown to rapidly form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at higher yields than OH-alkane reactions. However, the effects of alkane volatile organic compound precursor structure and the reasons for the differences in SOA yield from OH-alkane reactions remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the effects of alkane molecular structure on oxidation by chlorine radical (Cl) and resulting formation of SOA through a series of laboratory chamber experiments, utilizing data from an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Experiments were conducted with linear, branched, and branched cyclic C10 alkane precursors under different NOx and RH conditions. Observed product fragmentation patterns during the oxidation of branched alkanes demonstrate the abstraction of primary hydrogens by Cl, confirming a key difference between OH- and Cl-initiated oxidation of alkanes and providing a possible explanation for higher SOA production from Cl-initiated oxidation. Low-NOx conditions led to higher SOA production. SOA formed from butylcyclohexane under low NOx conditions contained higher fractions of organic acids and lower volatility molecules that were less prone to oligomerization relative to decane SOA. Branched alkanes produced less SOA, and branched cycloalkanes produced more SOA than linear n-alkanes, consistent with past work on OH-initiated reactions. Overall, our work provides insights into the differences between Cl- and OH-initiated oxidation of alkanes of different structures and the potential significance of Cl as an atmospheric oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Jahn
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Surya Venkatesh Dhulipala
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
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11
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Guberman VerPloeg SL, Clark AE, Yoon S, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Sheesley RJ, Usenko S. Assessing the atmospheric fate of pesticides used to control mosquito populations in Houston, TX. Chemosphere 2021; 275:129951. [PMID: 33662722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were collected at four ground-based sites across Houston in 2013 and include daytime, nighttime, and 24 h samples. Malathion is initially sprayed as coarse aerosol (5-25 μm), but is measured in fine aerosol (<2.5 μm) and coarse aerosol in the urban atmosphere. Particle size is relevant both for deposition velocities and for human exposure. Atmospheric permethrin concentrations measured in nighttime samples peak at 60 ng m-3, while malathion nighttime concentrations peak near 40 ng m-3. Malaoxon, an oxidation product of malathion, was also frequently detected at concentrations >10 ng m-3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at <12 h, which was significantly shorter than previous half-life estimates (∼days). Importantly, malaoxon is estimated to be 22-33 times more toxic to humans than malathion. Both the aerosol size and the half-life are critical for mosquito control, human exposure, and risk assessment of these routine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adelaide E Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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12
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Brown WL, Day DA, Stark H, Pagonis D, Krechmer JE, Liu X, Price DJ, Katz EF, DeCarlo PF, Masoud CG, Wang DS, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Arata C, Lunderberg DM, Goldstein AH, Farmer DK, Vance ME, Jimenez JL. Real-time organic aerosol chemical speciation in the indoor environment using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Indoor Air 2021; 31:141-155. [PMID: 32696534 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the sources and composition of organic aerosol (OA) in indoor environments requires rapid measurements, since many emissions and processes have short timescales. However, real-time molecular-level OA measurements have not been reported indoors. Here, we present quantitative measurements, at a time resolution of five seconds, of molecular ions corresponding to diverse aerosol-phase species, by applying extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to indoor air analysis for the first time, as part of the highly instrumented HOMEChem field study. We demonstrate how the complex spectra of EESI-MS are screened in order to extract chemical information and investigate the possibility of interference from gas-phase semivolatile species. During experiments that simulated the Thanksgiving US holiday meal preparation, EESI-MS quantified multiple species, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, siloxanes, and phthalates. Intercomparisons with Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer suggest that EESI-MS quantified a large fraction of OA. Comparisons with FIGAERO-CIMS shows similar signal levels and good correlation, with a range of 100 for the relative sensitivities. Comparisons with SV-TAG for phthalates and with SV-TAG and AMS for total siloxanes also show strong correlation. EESI-MS observations can be used with gas-phase measurements to identify co-emitted gas- and aerosol-phase species, and this is demonstrated using complementary gas-phase PTR-MS observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt L Brown
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Demetrios Pagonis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Derek J Price
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Erin F Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter F DeCarlo
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine G Masoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marina E Vance
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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13
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Yoon S, Ortiz SM, Clark AE, Barrett TE, Usenko S, Duvall RM, Ruiz LH, Bean JK, Faxon CB, Flynn JH, Lefer BL, Leong YJ, Griffin RJ, Sheesley RJ. Apportioned primary and secondary organic aerosol during pollution events of DISCOVER-AQ Houston. Atmos Environ (1994) 2021; 244:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117954. [PMID: 33414674 PMCID: PMC7784641 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers for high ozone (O3) and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a pressing issue in urban air quality, as this understanding informs decisions for control and mitigation of these key pollutants. The Houston, TX metropolitan area is an ideal location for studying the intersection between O3 and atmospheric secondary organic carbon (SOC) production due to the diversity of source types (urban, industrial, and biogenic) and the on- and off-shore cycling of air masses over Galveston Bay, TX. Detailed characterization of filter-based samples collected during Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Houston field experiment in September 2013 were used to investigate sources and composition of organic carbon (OC) and potential relationships between daily maximum 8 h average O3 and PM. The current study employed a novel combination of chemical mass balance modeling defining primary (i.e. POC) versus secondary (i.e. SOC) organic carbon and radiocarbon (14C) for apportionment of contemporary and fossil carbon. The apportioned sources include contemporary POC (biomass burning [BB], vegetative detritus), fossil POC (motor vehicle exhaust), biogenic SOC and fossil SOC. The filter-based results were then compared with real-time measurements by aerosol mass spectrometry. With these methods, a consistent urban background of contemporary carbon and motor vehicle exhaust was observed in the Houston metropolitan area. Real-time and filter-based characterization both showed that carbonaceous aerosols in Houston was highly impacted by SOC or oxidized OC, with much higher contributions from biogenic than fossil sources. However, fossil SOC concentration and fractional contribution had a stronger correlation with daily maximum 8 h average O3, peaking during high PM and O3 events. The results indicate that point source emissions processed by on- and off-shore wind cycles likely contribute to peak events for both PM and O3 in the greater Houston metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adelaide E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, USA
| | - Tate E. Barrett
- Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rachelle M. Duvall
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Bean
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cameron B. Faxon
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James H. Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry L. Lefer
- Earth Sciences Division, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Yu Jun Leong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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14
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Gonzalez-Rivera JC, Sherman MW, Wang DS, Chuvalo-Abraham JCL, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Contreras LM. RNA oxidation in chromatin modification and DNA-damage response following exposure to formaldehyde. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16545. [PMID: 33024153 PMCID: PMC7538935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde is an environmental and occupational chemical carcinogen implicated in the damage of proteins and nucleic acids. However, whether formaldehyde provokes modifications of RNAs such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) and the role that these modifications play on conferring long-term adverse health effects remains unexplored. Here, we profile 8-oxoG modifications using RNA-immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing (8-oxoG RIP-seq) to identify 343 RNA transcripts heavily enriched in oxidations in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell cultures exposed to 1 ppm formaldehyde for 2 h. RNA oxidation altered expression of many transcripts involved in chromatin modification and p53-mediated DNA-damage responses, two pathways that play key roles in sustaining genome integrity and typically deregulated in tumorigenesis. Given that these observations were identified in normal cells exhibiting minimal cell stress and death phenotypes (for example, lack of nuclear shrinkage, F-actin alterations or increased LDH activity); we hypothesize that oxidative modification of specific RNA transcripts following formaldehyde exposure denotes an early process occurring in carcinogenesis analogous to the oxidative events surfacing at early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. As such, we provide initial investigations of RNA oxidation as a potentially novel mechanism underlying formaldehyde-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Gonzalez-Rivera
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA
| | - Mark W Sherman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA
| | | | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78714, USA.
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15
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Contreras LM, Gonzalez-Rivera JC, Baldridge KC, Wang DS, Chuvalo-Abraham J, Ruiz LH. Understanding the Functional Impact of VOC-Ozone Mixtures on the Chemistry of RNA in Epithelial Lung Cells. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2020; 2020:Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2020 Jul;(201):3-43.. [PMID: 32845096 PMCID: PMC7448316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ambient air pollution is associated with premature death caused by heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Recent studies have suggested that ribonucleic acid (RNA) oxidation is a sensitive environment-related biomarker that is implicated in pathogenesis. Aims and Methods We used a novel approach that integrated RNA-Seq analysis with detection by immunoprecipitation techniques of the prominent RNA oxidative modification 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG). Our goal was to uncover specific messenger RNA (mRNA) oxidation induced by mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone in healthy human epithelial lung cells. To this end, we exposed the BEAS-2B human epithelial lung cell line to the gas- and particle-phase products formed from reactions of 790 ppb acrolein (ACR) and 670 ppb methacrolein (MACR) with 4 ppm ozone. Results Using this approach, we identified 222 potential direct targets of oxidation belonging to previously described pathways, as well as uncharacterized pathways, after air pollution exposures. We demonstrated the effect of our VOC-ozone mixtures on the morphology and actin cytoskeleton of lung cells, suggesting the influence of selective mRNA oxidation in members of pathways regulating physical components of the cells. In addition, we observed the influence of the VOC-ozone mixtures on metabolic cholesterol synthesis, likely implicated as a result of the incidence of mRNA oxidation and the deregulation of protein levels of squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 [FDFT1]), a key enzyme in endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that air pollution influences the accumulation of 8-oxoG in transcripts of epithelial lung cells that largely belong to stress-induced signaling and metabolic and structural pathways. A strength of the study was that it combined traditional transcriptome analysis with transcriptome-wide 8-oxoG mapping to facilitate the discovery of underlying processes not characterized by earlier approaches. Investigation of the processes mediated by air pollution oxidation of RNA molecules in primary cells and animal models needs to be explored in future studies. Our research has thus opened new avenues to further inform the relationship between atmospheric agents on the one hand and cellular responses on the other that are implicated in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | | | - K C Baldridge
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | - D S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | | | - L H Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
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16
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Mattila JM, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Wang C, Abbatt JPD, Arata C, Goldstein AH, Ampollini L, Katz EF, DeCarlo PF, Zhou S, Kahan TF, Cardoso-Saldaña FJ, Ruiz LH, Abeleira A, Boedicker EK, Vance ME, Farmer DK. Multiphase Chemistry Controls Inorganic Chlorinated and Nitrogenated Compounds in Indoor Air during Bleach Cleaning. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:1730-1739. [PMID: 31940195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report elevated levels of gaseous inorganic chlorinated and nitrogenated compounds in indoor air while cleaning with a commercial bleach solution during the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry field campaign in summer 2018. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine (Cl2), and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) reached part-per-billion by volume levels indoors during bleach cleaning-several orders of magnitude higher than typically measured in the outdoor atmosphere. Kinetic modeling revealed that multiphase chemistry plays a central role in controlling indoor chlorine and reactive nitrogen chemistry during these periods. Cl2 production occurred via heterogeneous reactions of HOCl on indoor surfaces. ClNO2 and chloramine (NH2Cl, NHCl2, NCl3) production occurred in the applied bleach via aqueous reactions involving nitrite (NO2-) and ammonia (NH3), respectively. Aqueous-phase and surface chemistry resulted in elevated levels of gas-phase nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We predict hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) radical production during these periods (106 and 107 molecules cm-3 s-1, respectively) driven by HOCl and Cl2 photolysis. Ventilation and photolysis accounted for <50% and <0.1% total loss of bleach-related compounds from indoor air, respectively; we conclude that uptake to indoor surfaces is an important additional loss process. Indoor HOCl and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) mixing ratios during bleach cleaning reported herein are likely detrimental to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Mattila
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Laura Ampollini
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Erin F Katz
- Department of Chemistry , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Peter F DeCarlo
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Tara F Kahan
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Felipe J Cardoso-Saldaña
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Andrew Abeleira
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Erin K Boedicker
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Marina E Vance
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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17
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Faxon CB, Dhulipala SV, Allen DT, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. Heterogeneous production of Cl2
from particulate chloride: Effects of composition and relative humidity. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B. Faxon
- McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; M/C 27100, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin TX 78758
| | - Surya Venkatesh Dhulipala
- McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; M/C 27100, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin TX 78758
| | - David T. Allen
- McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; M/C 27100, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin TX 78758
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; M/C 27100, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin TX 78758
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18
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Zhao B, Wang S, Donahue NM, Chuang W, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Ng NL, Wang Y, Hao J. Evaluation of one-dimensional and two-dimensional volatility basis sets in simulating the aging of secondary organic aerosol with smog-chamber experiments. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:2245-2254. [PMID: 25581402 DOI: 10.1021/es5048914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the one-dimensional volatility basis set (1D-VBS) and two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) in simulating the aging of SOA derived from toluene and α-pinene against smog-chamber experiments. If we simulate the first-generation products with empirical chamber fits and the subsequent aging chemistry with a 1D-VBS or a 2D-VBS, the models mostly overestimate the SOA concentrations in the toluene oxidation experiments. This is because the empirical chamber fits include both first-generation oxidation and aging; simulating aging in addition to this results in double counting of the initial aging effects. If the first-generation oxidation is treated explicitly, the base-case 2D-VBS underestimates the SOA concentrations and O:C increase of the toluene oxidation experiments; it generally underestimates the SOA concentrations and overestimates the O:C increase of the α-pinene experiments. With the first-generation oxidation treated explicitly, we could modify the 2D-VBS configuration individually for toluene and α-pinene to achieve good model-measurement agreement. However, we are unable to simulate the oxidation of both toluene and α-pinene with the same 2D-VBS configuration. We suggest that future models should implement parallel layers for anthropogenic (aromatic) and biogenic precursors, and that more modeling studies and laboratory research be done to optimize the "best-guess" parameters for each layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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