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Linden M, Leonard R, Forbes T, Brown M, Marsh L, Todd S, Hughes N, Truesdale M. Experiences of UK and Irish family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2475. [PMID: 38082349 PMCID: PMC10714525 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID) have high and intensive support needs that ordinarily place significant strain on family carers. This was further heightened by the removal of many external supports during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to explore the experiences of family carers of people with PMID during the COVID-19 pandemic and understand what the longer-term impact might be on their lives. METHODS Focus group interviews (n = 32) were conducted with family carers (n = 126) from the four countries of the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Participants were asked questions relating to their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies, and challenges faced. All focus groups were conducted using the online platform, Zoom. These were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed employing inductive thematic analysis. FINDINGS Three main themes were generated from the data including (1.0) COVID-19 as a double-edged sword (2.0), The struggle for support (3.0), Constant nature of caring. These included 11 subthemes. (1.1) 'COVID-19 as a catalyst for change', (1.2) 'Challenges during COVID-19: dealing with change', (1.3) 'Challenges during COVID-19: fear of COVID-19', (1.4); 'The online environment: the new normal' (2.1) 'Invisibility of male carers', (2.2) 'Carers supporting carers', (2.3) 'The only service you get is lip service: non-existent services', (2.4); 'Knowing your rights' (3.1) 'Emotional response to the caring role: Feeling devalued', (3.2) 'Emotional response to the caring role: Desperation of caring', (3.3) 'Multiple demands of the caring role.' CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic presented immense challenges to family carers of people with PMID but also provided some opportunities. Families had already struggled to receive many of the supports and services to which they were entitled to only to have these removed at the onset of the pandemic. The experiences of male carers have been largely absent from the literature with this research showing they want to be included in decision making and require tailored support services. Service providers should see the end of the COVID-19 pandemic as providing opportunity to re-examine current provision and design services with family carers. As the direct threat from COVID-19 diminishes and the experiences of those who lived through this period come to the fore, there is a need to re-examine current models and provision of support to family carers to better meet their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - R Leonard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - T Forbes
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - M Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - L Marsh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - S Todd
- School of Healthcare Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Hughes
- ESRC Centre for Care, Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Truesdale
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Linden MA, Forbes T, Brown M, Marsh L, Truesdale M, McCann E, Todd S, Hughes N. Correction: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family carers of those with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities: perspectives from UK and Irish Non-Governmental Organisations. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2302. [PMID: 36503401 PMCID: PMC9741943 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Linden
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - T. Forbes
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - M. Brown
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - L. Marsh
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - M. Truesdale
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - E. McCann
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Division of Nursing at City, University of London, London, UK
| | - S. Todd
- grid.410658.e0000 0004 1936 9035School of Care Sciences, University of South Wales, Caerleon, Wales
| | - N. Hughes
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Shefeld, Shefeld, England
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Linden MA, Forbes T, Brown M, Marsh L, Truesdale M, McCann E, Todd S, Hughes N. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family carers of those with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities: perspectives from UK and Irish Non-Governmental Organisations. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2095. [PMID: 36384516 PMCID: PMC9668390 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID) experienced a reduction in healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many subsequently turned to Non-Governmental Organisations who worked to support families. However, little research has sought to capture the experiences of family carers or identify effective interventions which might support them. To address these concerns we explored the views of Non-Governmental sector workers across the UK and Ireland who supported families people with PMID during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also sought to explore their views on the characteristics of online support programmes for family carers. METHODS: This study employed a qualitative design using focus groups with participants (n = 24) from five Non-Governmental Organisations across the UK and Ireland. A focus group guide included questions on challenges, supports, coping and resources which helped during lockdown restrictions. Focus groups were held online, were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The resulting transcripts were pseudonymised and subjected to thematic analysis. FINDINGS Four themes were identified (i) 'mental and emotional health', (ii) 'they who shout the loudest' (fighting for services), (iii) 'lack of trust in statutory services' and (iv) 'creating an online support programme'. Mental and emotional health emerged as the most prominent theme and included three subthemes named as 'isolation', 'fear of COVID-19' and 'the exhaustion of caring'. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the vulnerability of family carers who were already experiencing difficulties in accessing services and supports for their families. While Non-Governmental Organisations have been a crucial lifeline there is urgent need to design services, including online support programmes, in partnership with family carers which adequately address their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Linden
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - T. Forbes
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - M. Brown
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - L. Marsh
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - M. Truesdale
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - E. McCann
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Division of Nursing at City, University of London, London, UK
| | - S. Todd
- grid.410658.e0000 0004 1936 9035School of Care Sciences, University of South Wales, Caerleon, Wales
| | - N. Hughes
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
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McNoe BM, Marsh L, Venter N, Morgaine KC, Reeder AI, McLean RM. National Sporting Organisation Policies: A health promotion opportunity? Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:480-487. [PMID: 35355357 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to identify whether National Sporting Organisations (NSOs) have policy documentation on healthy behaviours (smokefree, sun-protection, healthy food/beverages, and alcohol) and, for organisations with such documentation, whether this is in-line with current scientific evidence of past best practice in cancer prevention. METHODS This cross-sectional policy analysis study was performed September - December 2018 in New Zealand. A content analysis was undertaken using NSO policy documents matched against a framework of key indicators for best practice within health behaviours of interest. Data analysis of the policy process was undertaken through key informant telephone interviews with NSO staff using semi-structured qualitative interviews. RESULTS Of 96 NSOs, nearly half (49%) mentioned smokefree at least once in one of their policy documents, and 47% had an alcohol policy, although in both instances the policies lacked comprehensiveness. Two NSOs had a reasonably comprehensive sun protection policy. Seventeen had at least one specific nutrition policy/guideline. The contents of the latter were primarily related to short-term athletic performance rather than non-communicable disease prevention, specifically promoting hydration during sports participation, and food and nutrition to support sporting performance. Two NSOs had policies relating to the promotion of health food/nutrition more widely. For some NSOs the lack of health-related policies was not a conscious choice but just not considered previously. Other NSOs reported they lacked resources or had other priorities. CONCLUSIONS Although this study clearly demonstrates that many NSOs lack adequate health-related policies, this is not necessarily a conscious choice, but the result of a lack of resources, other priorities, or just that they had not considered developing policies in these areas. A number expressed support for these types of policies although it was apparent that some, particularly smaller NSOs would require assistance in policy template development. It seems probable that the development of health-related policies will only occur if partner agencies become involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M McNoe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Social and Behavioural Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L Marsh
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Social and Behavioural Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N Venter
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Social and Behavioural Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K C Morgaine
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A I Reeder
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Social and Behavioural Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R M McLean
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Poacher A, Froud J, Marsh L, Carpenter C. 500 The Four Year Clinical and Economic Impact of an Extended Screening Program for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Cardiff and Vale University Health Board. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab258.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Early detection of DDH is associated with the increased success of non-surgical treatment. Therefore, Cardiff and Vale Health Board (CAVUHB) implemented an extended screening program for Developmental dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) to improve neonatal public health within the population.
Method
A 4-year prospective case-control study of all patients born between 01/01/2016-31/12/2019 (n = 21843) who underwent ultrasonographic screening for DDH in CAVUHB. Ultrasounds were graded using Graf’s classification, with treatment outcomes determined by patient’s records and costings based on NHS tariffs.
Results
Screening of those with risk factors diagnosed 49% of treated DDH cases. Screening for risk factors cost CAVUHB £175,000 per annum, with a cost per favourable outcome of £12351. The mean cost of DDH treatment of a late presenting patient was £23,782, incurring a cost reduction of 48%. Cost-effectiveness and positive predictive value (PPV) of calcaneovalgus malformations, oligohydramnios, and plagiocephaly demonstrating PPV similar to that of primary risk factors. Calcaneovalgus malformations demonstrated significantly higher PPV than primary risk factors for DDH (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
CAVUHB cost-effectively reduced morbidity and surgical mortality within the neonatal population, as a result of its extended screening program for DDH. The novel findings of prevalence and predictive value of secondary risk factors as a marker of treatable DDH are significant, as currently they are not included in the national new-born and infant physical examination (NIPE) guidance. High predictive value with low population prevalence indicates that these are cost reducing and clinically valuable markers of disease that could provide value if within a national screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poacher
- University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Froud
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - L Marsh
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C Carpenter
- University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Porter A, Barcelon JM, Budker RL, Marsh L, Moriarty JM, Aguiar X, Rao J, Ghorani E, Kaur B, Maher G, Seckl MJ, Konecny GE, Cohen JG. Treatment of metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor with surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and coil embolization of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulate. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021; 36:100782. [PMID: 34036138 PMCID: PMC8134973 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2021.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental site trophoblastic tumor can be resistant to chemotherapy. Multidisciplinary care is required for management of advanced disease. Increased PD-L1 expression can help guide use of immunotherapies. Complete responses are possible with aggressive multidisciplinary management.
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT) is a rare malignancy that often presents with extensive disease and can be resistant to traditional treatments. We present the case of a woman with stage IV PSTT who was initially managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by tumor debulking. Adjuvant therapy was guided by further pathologic analysis that revealed high levels of staining for PD-L1 as well as the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Subsequently, the patient was treated with traditional chemotherapy with the EP/EMA regimen with the addition of pembrolizumab. The patient’s treatment course was complicated by the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, autoimmune thyroiditis thought to be secondary to immunotherapy, and significant tinnitus secondary to platinum agents. Currently the patient is in follow up and remains in a complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porter
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Hematology Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Barcelon
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R L Budker
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Moriarty
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Interventional Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Aguiar
- California Los Angeles, Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Rao
- California Los Angeles, Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Ghorani
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - B Kaur
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - G Maher
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - M J Seckl
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - G E Konecny
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Hematology Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J G Cohen
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Arnés-Urgellés C, Buglass S, Ahyong ST, Salinas-de-León P, Wicksten MK, Marsh L. Arthropoda; Crustacea; Decapoda of deep-sea volcanic habitats of the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Tropical Eastern Pacific. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e54482. [PMID: 32973394 PMCID: PMC7483338 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e54482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deep-sea biome (> 200 m depth) is the world's last great wilderness, covering more than 65% of the earth's surface. Due to rapid technological advances, deep-sea environments are becoming more accessible to scientific research and ocean exploration around the world and, in recent years, this is also true for the Galapagos Islands. Deep-sea habitats cover the largest proportion of Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), yet to date, no comprehensive baseline exists on the biodiversity of the benthic fauna associated with volcanic seafloor formations within this region. Closing this knowledge gap is essential to provide information for decision-making for the management of marine resources within the GMR and assessing any potential changes in biodiversity resulting from climate-driven alterations that deep-sea environments are expected to experience. In 2015, the Charles Darwin Foundation's Seamounts of the GMR Research Project, together with the Galapagos National Park Directorate (GNPD) and Ocean Exploration Trust (OET), conducted a joint expedition on board the EV Nautilus. Using Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), the aim of the expedition was to characterise the geological formations and biological communities present on seamounts, lava flows and other deep-sea habitats (> 200 m) within the GMR. New information We provide the first comprehensive image inventory for the phylum Arthropoda from 260 to 3400 m of depth within the GMR. Past studies on deep-sea macroinvertebrates in the GMR have been limited to voucher samples collected from dredging (restricted to soft bottom environments) or by submersibles (only allowing limited biological sampling). The image inventory, presented here, is based on high-definition video transects conducted by the Hercules ROV on board the EV Nautilus. Images of macroinvertebrate morphospecies were captured, catalogued and identified, thus providing the first known image inventory of in-situ macroinvertebrate species from the deep-sea region of the GMR.We present 32 distinct morphospecies occurrences within the class Malacostraca and order Decapoda. We also report 17 different families, three species that are new records to the GMR, in-situ images of two new species to science recently described and one possible new squat lobster, as well as interesting behavioural observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Arnés-Urgellés
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Salome Buglass
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora Galapagos Ecuador
| | - Shane T Ahyong
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington Sydney Australia
| | - Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora Galapagos Ecuador.,Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., United States of America Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society Washington, D.C. United States of America
| | - Mary K Wicksten
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas United States of America
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora Galapagos Ecuador.,Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus Southampton United Kingdom
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Salinas-de-León P, Martí-Puig P, Buglass S, Arnés-Urgellés C, Rastoin-Laplane E, Creemers M, Cairns S, Fisher C, O'Hara T, Ott B, Raineault NA, Reiswig H, Rouse G, Rowley S, Shank TM, Suarez J, Watling L, Wicksten MK, Marsh L. Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13894. [PMID: 32807819 PMCID: PMC7431423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep sea represents the largest and least explored biome on the planet. Despite the iconic status of the Galapagos Islands and being considered one of the most pristine locations on earth, the deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the archipelago are virtually unexplored in comparison to their shallow-water counterparts. In 2015, we embarked on a multi-disciplinary scientific expedition to conduct the first systematic characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate communities of the Galapagos, across a range of habitats. We explored seven sites to depths of over 3,300 m using a two-part Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) system aboard the E/V Nautilus, and collected 90 biological specimens that were preserved and sent to experts around the world for analysis. Of those, 30 taxa were determined to be undescribed and new to science, including members of five new genera (2 sponges and 3 cnidarians). We also systematically analysed image frame grabs from over 85 h of ROV footage to investigate patterns of species diversity and document the presence of a range of underwater communities between depths of 290 and 3,373 m, including cold-water coral communities, extensive glass sponge and octocoral gardens, and soft-sediment faunal communities. This characterization of Galapagos deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna across a range of ecosystems represents a first step to study future changes that may result from anthropogenic impacts to the planet's climate and oceans, and informed the creation of fully protected deep-water areas in the Galapagos Marine Reserve that may help preserve these unique communities in our changing planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Patricia Martí-Puig
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Salome Buglass
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Camila Arnés-Urgellés
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Etienne Rastoin-Laplane
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Marie Creemers
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Stephen Cairns
- National Museum of Natural History, W-205, MRC 163, Smithsonian, 10th & Constitution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Fisher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Bruce Ott
- Khoyatan Marine Laboratory, North Saanich, BC, Canada
| | | | - Henry Reiswig
- University of Victoria and Royal B.C. Museum, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Greg Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Rowley
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Timothy M Shank
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Jenifer Suarez
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Les Watling
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mary K Wicksten
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Linse K, Copley JT, Connelly DP, Larter RD, Pearce DA, Polunin NVC, Rogers AD, Chen C, Clarke A, Glover AG, Graham AGC, Huvenne VAI, Marsh L, Reid WDK, Roterman CN, Sweeting CJ, Zwirglmaier K, Tyler PA. Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica). R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191501. [PMID: 31827872 PMCID: PMC6894572 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Faunal assemblages at hydrothermal vents associated with island-arc volcanism are less well known than those at vents on mid-ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres. This study characterizes chemosynthetic biotopes at active hydrothermal vents discovered at the Kemp Caldera in the South Sandwich Arc. The caldera hosts sulfur and anhydrite vent chimneys in 1375-1487 m depth, which emit sulfide-rich fluids with temperatures up to 212°C, and the microbial community of water samples in the buoyant plume rising from the vents was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 12 macro- and megafaunal taxa depending on hydrothermal activity were collected in these biotopes, of which seven species were known from the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) vents and three species from vents outside the Southern Ocean. Faunal assemblages were dominated by large vesicomyid clams, actinostolid anemones, Sericosura sea spiders and lepetodrilid and cocculinid limpets, but several taxa abundant at nearby ESR hydrothermal vents were rare such as the stalked barnacle Neolepas scotiaensis. Multivariate analysis of fauna at Kemp Caldera and vents in neighbouring areas indicated that the Kemp Caldera is most similar to vent fields in the previously established Southern Ocean vent biogeographic province, showing that the species composition at island-arc hydrothermal vents can be distinct from nearby seafloor-spreading systems. δ 13C and δ 15N isotope values of megafaunal species analysed from the Kemp Caldera were similar to those of the same or related species at other vent fields, but none of the fauna sampled at Kemp Caldera had δ 13C values, indicating nutritional dependence on Epsilonproteobacteria, unlike fauna at other island-arc hydrothermal vents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Jonathan T. Copley
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | - Robert D. Larter
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - David A. Pearce
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Nick V. C. Polunin
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alex D. Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Kanagawa Pref. Japan
| | - Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Adrian G. Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | | | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - William D. K. Reid
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C. Nicolai Roterman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Christopher J. Sweeting
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Katrin Zwirglmaier
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Paul A. Tyler
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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10
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Brooks RD, Jolly PE, Marsh L, Velazquez JM, Padilla L, Jaoko WG. Intimate partner violence among HIV-positive women in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Womens Health 2019; 11:451-461. [PMID: 31695511 PMCID: PMC6707364 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s203327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with four forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) among HIV-positive women attending the Comprehensive Care Centre at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 sexually active HIV-positive women aged 18–69 years from May to August of 2012. A structured questionnaire including questions pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, health care decisions, and forms of IPV (controlling behavior, emotional abuse, physical violence, and sexual violence) was administered to each woman. Results All women reported experiencing emotional abuse; 20%, 17%, and 15% experienced controlling behavior, physical violence, and sexual violence, respectively. Women who reported low/below average socioeconomic status (SES) had a greater likelihood of experiencing controlling behavior than women with high/average SES (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =1.62, 95% CI 1.05–2.51). Women who were unemployed had greater odds of experiencing physical violence than those who were employed (aOR =2.35, 95% CI 1.31–4.23). Non-Christian women had higher odds of experiencing controlling behavior, physical violence, and sexual violence than Christian women (aOR =4.41, 95% CI 1.81–10.76 and aOR =3.33, 95% CI 1.43–7.80). Conclusion Based on the prevalence of IPV and the sociodemographic factors identified to be associated with IPV among women in this study it may be beneficial to include IPV screening as part of routine clinic visits for HIV-positive and other women. Furthermore, women who report emotional abuse or controlling behavior from spouse should not be overlooked, as these two forms of IPV may precede or accompany physical and sexual IPV. Women who report experiencing IPV during clinic visits may be referred to organizations and resources available to battered women in Kenya. Increased funding for anti-IPV programs and changes in policy may also contribute to a reduction in IPV among HIV-positive and other women in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - P E Jolly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L Marsh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J M Velazquez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L Padilla
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W G Jaoko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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11
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Marsh L, Kamara D, Rimel B. Implementing genetic risk assessment in a community free clinic. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Brandt B, Marsh L, Filippova O, Eriksson A, Tseng J, Alektiar K, Soslow R, Leitao M, Abu-Rustum N. Removal of positive pelvic sentinel lymph nodes without additional lymphadenectomy does not compromise pelvic side wall control in patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Marsh L, Huvenne VAI, Jones DOB. Geomorphological evidence of large vertebrates interacting with the seafloor at abyssal depths in a region designated for deep-sea mining. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180286. [PMID: 30225016 PMCID: PMC6124127 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exploration licences for seafloor mineral deposits have been granted across large areas of the world's oceans, with the abyssal Pacific Ocean being the primary target for polymetallic nodules-a potentially valuable source of minerals. These nodule-bearing areas support a large diversity of deep-sea life and although studies have begun to characterize the benthic fauna within the region, the ecological interactions between large bathypelagic vertebrates of the open ocean and the abyssal seafloor remain largely unknown. Here we report seafloor geomorphological alterations observed by an autonomous underwater vehicle that suggest large vertebrates could have interacted with the seafloor to a maximum depth of 4258 m in the recent geological past. Patterns of disturbance on the seafloor are broadly comparable to those recorded in other regions of the world's oceans attributed to beaked whales. These observations have important implications for baseline ecological assessments and the environmental management of potential future mining activities within this region of the Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Marsh
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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14
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Thatje S, Marsh L. From hot waters of polar seas: the mysterious life of the male yeti crab. Ecology 2018; 99:2868-2870. [PMID: 30039867 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thatje
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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15
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Gruber DF, Phillips BT, Marsh L, Sparks JS. In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan,Deepstaria enigmatica(Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae). American Museum Novitates 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/3900.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Gruber
- Baruch College and the Graduate Center, Department of Natural Sciences, City University of New York
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics
- Radciffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University
| | | | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre
| | - John S. Sparks
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology
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16
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Marsh L, Edginton T, Conway MA, Loveday C. Positivity bias in past and future episodic thinking: Relationship with anxiety, depression, and retrieval-induced forgetting. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 72:508-522. [PMID: 29364056 DOI: 10.1177/1747021818758620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Positivity biases in autobiographical memory and episodic future thinking are considered important in mental wellbeing and are reduced in anxiety and depression. The inhibitory processes underlying retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) have been proposed to contribute to these biases. This investigation found reduced positivity in past and future thinking to be associated with reduced memory specificity alongside greater levels of anxiety, depression, and rumination. Most notably, however, RIF was found to significantly predict memory valence. This indicates that RIF may be important in maintaining such biases, facilitating the forgetting of negative memories when a positive item is actively retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marsh
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - T Edginton
- 2 Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - M A Conway
- 2 Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Loveday
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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17
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Salinas-de-León P, Phillips B, Ebert D, Shivji M, Cerutti-Pereyra F, Ruck C, Fisher CR, Marsh L. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents as natural egg-case incubators at the Galapagos Rift. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1788. [PMID: 29422624 PMCID: PMC5805729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977 challenged our views of ecosystem functioning and yet, the research conducted at these extreme and logistically challenging environments still continues to reveal unique biological processes. Here, we report for the first time, a unique behavior where the deep-sea skate, Bathyraja spinosissima, appears to be actively using the elevated temperature of a hydrothermal vent environment to naturally "incubate" developing egg-cases. We hypothesize that this behavior is directly targeted to accelerate embryo development time given that deep-sea skates have some of the longest egg incubation times reported for the animal kingdom. Similar egg incubating behavior, where eggs are incubated in volcanically heated nesting grounds, have been recorded in Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs and the rare avian megapode. To our knowledge, this is the first time incubating behavior using a volcanic source is recorded for the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Av Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
- Galapagos Marine Research and Exploration (GMaRE), joint CDF-ESPOL research program, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C., USA.
| | - Brennan Phillips
- Harvard Microrobotics Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - David Ebert
- Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss, CA, 95039, USA
- Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Mahmood Shivji
- Save Our Seas Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, USA
| | - Florencia Cerutti-Pereyra
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Av Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Galapagos Marine Research and Exploration (GMaRE), joint CDF-ESPOL research program, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Cassandra Ruck
- Save Our Seas Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, USA
| | - Charles R Fisher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
- Marine Geoscience, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK, UK
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18
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Bigder M, Courtis S, Generous N, Johns P, Marsh L, Punjani N. The association of paternal involvement and childhood bullying behavior. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Bigder
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - S Courtis
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - N Generous
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - P Johns
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - L Marsh
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - N Punjani
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
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19
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Robert K, Huvenne VAI, Georgiopoulou A, Jones DOB, Marsh L, D O Carter G, Chaumillon L. New approaches to high-resolution mapping of marine vertical structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9005. [PMID: 28827612 PMCID: PMC5567197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical walls in marine environments can harbour high biodiversity and provide natural protection from bottom-trawling activities. However, traditional mapping techniques are usually restricted to down-looking approaches which cannot adequately replicate their 3D structure. We combined sideways-looking multibeam echosounder (MBES) data from an AUV, forward-looking MBES data from ROVs and ROV-acquired videos to examine walls from Rockall Bank and Whittard Canyon, Northeast Atlantic. High-resolution 3D point clouds were extracted from each sonar dataset and structure from motion photogrammetry (SfM) was applied to recreate 3D representations of video transects along the walls. With these reconstructions, it was possible to interact with extensive sections of video footage and precisely position individuals. Terrain variables were derived on scales comparable to those experienced by megabenthic individuals. These were used to show differences in environmental conditions between observed and background locations as well as explain spatial patterns in ecological characteristics. In addition, since the SfM 3D reconstructions retained colours, they were employed to separate and quantify live coral colonies versus dead framework. The combination of these new technologies allows us, for the first time, to map the physical 3D structure of previously inaccessible habitats and demonstrates the complexity and importance of vertical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Robert
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
| | - Veerle A I Huvenne
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Aggeliki Georgiopoulou
- School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.,Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Marsh
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.,Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth D O Carter
- Marine Geoscience, British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Chaumillon
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.,L'Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), Boulevard de Collignon, Tourlaville, Cherbourg, 50110, France
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20
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Kent C, Bessell EM, Scholefield JH, Chappell S, Marsh L, Mills J, Sayers I. Chemoradiotherapy with Brachytherapy or Electron Therapy Boost for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus-Reducing the Colostomy Rate. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:1-7. [PMID: 27412395 PMCID: PMC5310557 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to determine overall survival, disease-specific survival and stoma-free survival after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy or electron boost in a recent cohort of patients. Methods Fifty-two patients (median age 62 years) were treated with radical chemoradiotherapy (mitomycin C, infusional 5-fluorouracil concurrently with conformal radical radiotherapy 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) followed by a radiotherapy boost between 1 December 2000 and 30 April 2011. Follow-up was to 30 November 2014. Thirty-six patients received a boost (15–20 Gy) over 2 days with 192Ir needle brachytherapy for anal canal tumours, and 16 patients received electron beam therapy (20 Gy in 10 fractions in 2 weeks) for anal margin tumours. A defunctioning stoma was only created prior to chemoradiotherapy for fistula or severe anal pain. Results The overall survival for the 36 patients treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy was 75 % (95 % CI, 61–89) at 5 years, the disease-specific survival was 91 % (95 % CI, 81–101 %), and the stoma-free survival was 97 % (95 % CI, 91–103 %) all at 5 years. For the 16 patients treated with an electron boost for anal margin tumours, the 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival and stoma-free survival were 68 % (95 % CI, 44–92 %), 78 % (95 % CI, 56–100 %) and 80 % (95 % CI, 60–100 %), respectively. Conclusions A very low stoma formation rate can be obtained with radical chemoradiotherapy followed by a brachytherapy boost for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal but not with an electron boost for anal margin tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham, UK
| | - E M Bessell
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - S Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Marsh
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Mills
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham, UK
| | - I Sayers
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham, UK
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Richards R, McNoe B, Iosua E, Reeder AI, Egan R, Marsh L, Robertson L, Maclennan B, Dawson A, Quigg R, Petersen AC. Changes in awareness of cancer risk factors among adult New Zealanders (CAANZ): 2001 to 2015. Health Educ Res 2017; 32:153-162. [PMID: 28334909 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Behaviour change, specifically that which decreases cancer risk, is an essential element of cancer control. Little information is available about how awareness of risk factors may be changing over time. This study describes the awareness of cancer risk behaviours among adult New Zealanders in two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2001 and 2014/5.Telephone interviews were conducted in 2001 (n = 436) and 2014/5 (n = 1064). Participants were asked to recall things they can do to reduce their risk of cancer. They were then presented with a list of potential risk behaviours and asked if these could increase or decrease cancer risk.Most New Zealand adults could identify at least one action they could take to reduce their risk of cancer. However, when asked to provide specific examples, less than a third (in the 2014/5 sample) recalled key cancer risk reduction behaviours such as adequate sun protection, physical activity, healthy weight, limiting alcohol and a diet high in fruit. There had been some promising changes since the 2001 survey, however, with significant increases in awareness that adequate sun protection, avoiding sunbeds/solaria, healthy weight, limiting red meat and alcohol, and diets high in fruit and vegetables decrease the risk of developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richards
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - B McNoe
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - E Iosua
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - A I Reeder
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - R Egan
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - L Marsh
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - L Robertson
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - B Maclennan
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - A Dawson
- Kohatu - Centre for Hauora Maori, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - R Quigg
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
| | - A-C Petersen
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine
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Claessen FMAP, Stoop N, Doornberg JN, Guitton TG, van den Bekerom MPJ, Ring D, Chauhan A, Wahegaonkar A, Shafritz A, Garcia G A, Miller A, Barquet A, Kristan A, Apard T, Armstrong A, Berner A, Jubel A, Kreis B, Babis C, Sutker B, Sears B, Nolan B, Crist B, Cross B, Wills B, Barreto C, Ekholm C, Swigart C, Oliveira Miranda C, Manke C, Zalavras C, Goldfarb C, Cassidy C, Walsh C, Jones C, Garnavos C, Young C, Moreno-Serrano C, Lomita C, Klostermann C, van Deurzen D, Rikli D, Polatsch D, Beingessner D, Drosdowech D, Eygendaal D, Patel M, Brilej D, Walbeehm E, Ballas E, Ibrahim E, Melamed E, Stojkovska Pemovska E, Hofmeister E, Hammerberg E, Kaplan F, Suarez F, Fernandes C, Lopez-Gonzalez F, Walter F, Frihagen F, Kraan G, Kontakis G, Dyer G, Kohut G, Panagopoulos G, Hernandez G, Porcellini G, Bayne G, Merrell G, DeSilva G, Della Rocca G, Bamberger H, Broekhuyse H, Durchholz H, Kodde I, McGraw I, Harris I, Pountos I, Wiater J, Choueka J, Kazanjian J, Gillespie J, Biert J, Fanuele J, Johnson J, Greenberg J, Abrams J, Hall J, Fischer J, Scheer J, Itamura J, Capo J, Braman J, Rubio J, Ortiz J, Filho J, Nolla J, Abboud J, Conflitti J, Abzug J, Patiño J, Rodríguez Roiz J, Adams J, Bishop J, Kabir K, Chivers K, Prommersberger K, Egol K, Rumball K, Dickson K, Jeray K, Poelhekke L, Campinhos L, Mica L, Borris L, Adolfsson L, Schulte L, Elmans L, Lane L, Paz L, Taitsman L, Guenter L, Austin L, Waseem M, Palmer M, Abdel-Ghany M, Richard M, Rizzo M, Pirpiris M, Di Micoli M, Bonczar M, Loebenberg M, Richardson M, Mormino M, Menon M, Soong M, Wood M, Meylaerts S, Darowish M, Nancollas M, Prayson M, Grafe M, Kessler M, Kaminaris M, Pirela-Cruz M, Mckee M, Merchant M, Tyllianakis M, Shafi M, Powell A, Shortt N, Felipe N, Parnes N, Bijlani N, Elias N, Akabudike N, Rossiter N, Lasanianos N, Kanakaris N, Brink O, van Eerten P, Paladini P, Martineau P, Appleton P, Levin P, Althausen P, Evans P, Jebson P, Krause P, Schandelmaier P, Peters A, Dantuluri P, Blazar P, Andreas P, Inna P, Quell M, Ramli R, de Bedout R, Ranade A, Ashish S, Smith R, Babst R, Omid R, Buckley R, Jenkinson R, Gilbert R, Page R, Papandrea R, Zura R, Gray R, Wagenmakers R, Pesantez R, van Riet R, Calfee R, van Helden S, Bouaicha S, Kakar S, Kaplan S, Scott F, Kaar S, Mitchell S, Rowinski S, Dodds S, Kennedy S, Beldner S, Schepers T, Guitton T, Gosens T, Baxamusa T, Taleb C, Tosounidis T, Wyrick T, Begue T, DeCoster T, Dienstknecht T, Varecka T, Mittlmeier T, Fischer T, Chesser T, Omara T, Bafus T, Siff T, Havlicek T, Sabesan V, Nikolaou V, Philippe V, Giordano V, Vochteloo A, Batson W, Hammert W, Satora W, Weil Y, Ruch D, Marsh L, Swiontkowski M, Hurwit S. Interpretation of Post-operative Distal Humerus Radiographs After Internal Fixation: Prediction of Later Loss of Fixation. J Hand Surg Am 2016; 41:e337-e341. [PMID: 27522299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stable fixation of distal humerus fracture fragments is necessary for adequate healing and maintenance of reduction. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability and accuracy of interpretation of postoperative radiographs to predict which implants will loosen or break after operative treatment of bicolumnar distal humerus fractures. We also addressed agreement among surgeons regarding which fracture fixation will loosen or break and the influence of years in independent practice, location of practice, and so forth. METHODS A total of 232 orthopedic residents and surgeons from around the world evaluated 24 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of distal humerus fractures on a Web-based platform to predict which implants would loosen or break. Agreement among observers was measured using the multi-rater kappa measure. RESULTS The sensitivity of prediction of failure of fixation of distal humerus fracture on radiographs was 63%, specificity was 53%, positive predictive value was 36%, the negative predictive value was 78%, and accuracy was 56%. There was fair interobserver agreement (κ = 0.27) regarding predictions of failure of fixation of distal humerus fracture on radiographs. Interobserver variability did not change when assessed for the various subgroups. CONCLUSIONS When experienced and skilled surgeons perform fixation of type C distal humerus fracture, the immediate postoperative radiograph is not predictive of fixation failure. Reoperation based on the probability of failure might not be advisable. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M A P Claessen
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nicky Stoop
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Job N Doornberg
- Orthotrauma Research Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam Orthopaedic Residency Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry G Guitton
- Orthotrauma Research Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam Orthopaedic Residency Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Ring
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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Bixel K, Denlinger N, Marsh L, Quick A, Salani R. Primary chemoradiation for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer: Impact of treatment location and time on outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mariyaselvam M, Marsh L, Wise M, Williams D. An in vitro microbiological study comparing eight endotracheal tubes and their ability to prevent microaspiration. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797778 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Thatje S, Marsh L, Roterman CN, Mavrogordato MN, Linse K. Adaptations to Hydrothermal Vent Life in Kiwa tyleri, a New Species of Yeti Crab from the East Scotia Ridge, Antarctica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127621. [PMID: 26107940 PMCID: PMC4480985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean are the physiologically most isolated chemosynthetic environments known. Here, we describe Kiwa tyleri sp. nov., the first species of yeti crab known from the Southern Ocean. Kiwa tyleri belongs to the family Kiwaidae and is the visually dominant macrofauna of two known vent sites situated on the northern and southern segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). The species is known to depend on primary productivity by chemosynthetic bacteria and resides at the warm-eurythermal vent environment for most of its life; its short-range distribution away from vents (few metres) is physiologically constrained by the stable, cold waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean. Kiwa tylerihas been shown to present differential life history adaptations in response to this contrasting thermal environment. Morphological adaptations specific to life in warm-eurythermal waters, as found on – or in close proximity of – vent chimneys, are discussed in comparison with adaptations seen in the other two known members of the family (K. hirsuta, K. puravida), which show a preference for low temperature chemosynthetic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thatje
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark N. Mavrogordato
- Engineering Sciences, μ-VIS CT Imaging Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross Madingley Road, CB3 0ET, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mah C, Linse K, Copley J, Marsh L, Rogers A, Clague D, Foltz D. Description of a new family, new genus, and two new species of deep-sea Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea), including the first known sea star from hydrothermal vent habitats. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mah
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey; High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET UK
| | - Jon Copley
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton; Waterfront Campus Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton; Waterfront Campus Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Alex Rogers
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; The Tinbergen Building South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - David Clague
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; 7700 Sandholdt Road Moss Landing CA 95039 USA
| | - David Foltz
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Abstract
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates the creation of smoke-free environments to protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke and reduce demand for tobacco. We aimed to examine the extent and nature of smoke-free campus policies at tertiary education institutions throughout New Zealand, and examine the policy development process. Stage one comprised an audit and content analysis of smoke-free policies. In stage two, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to investigate the process of developing and implementing policies. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken on interview notes. Policies were identified for most institutions (n = 26/29), though varied widely in nature. Only nine mandated 100% smoke-free campuses without exceptions and few prohibited the sale of tobacco on campus, or connections with the tobacco industry. During interviews (n = 22/29), cited barriers to developing a 100% smoke-free policy included enforcement challenges and anticipated opposition from staff and students. However, participants from institutions with 100% smoke-free policies reported having encountered few challenges. Varying levels of compliance with 100% smoke-free policies were reported yet, overall, these policies were viewed as being effective. Smoke-free campus policies could be strengthened to better reflect a completely tobacco-free organization. Other institutions and workplaces could use these findings to develop 100% smoke-free policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Robertson
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L Marsh
- Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Marsh L, Copley JT, Tyler PA, Thatje S. In hot and cold water: differential life-history traits are key to success in contrasting thermal deep-sea environments. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:898-913. [PMID: 25732205 PMCID: PMC4964920 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Few species of reptant decapod crustaceans thrive in the cold‐stenothermal waters of the Southern Ocean. However, abundant populations of a new species of anomuran crab, Kiwa tyleri, occur at hydrothermal vent fields on the East Scotia Ridge. As a result of local thermal conditions at the vents, these crabs are not restricted by the physiological limits that otherwise exclude reptant decapods south of the polar front. We reveal the adult life history of this species by piecing together variation in microdistribution, body size frequency, sex ratio, and ovarian and embryonic development, which indicates a pattern in the distribution of female Kiwaidae in relation to their reproductive development. High‐density ‘Kiwa’ assemblages observed in close proximity to sources of vent fluids are constrained by the thermal limit of elevated temperatures and the availability of resources for chemosynthetic nutrition. Although adult Kiwaidae depend on epibiotic chemosynthetic bacteria for nutrition, females move offsite after extrusion of their eggs to protect brooding embryos from the chemically harsh, thermally fluctuating vent environment. Consequently, brooding females in the periphery of the vent field are in turn restricted by low‐temperature physiological boundaries of the deep‐water Southern Ocean environment. Females have a high reproductive investment in few, large, yolky eggs, facilitating full lecithotrophy, with the release of larvae prolonged, and asynchronous. After embryos are released, larvae are reliant on locating isolated active areas of hydrothermal flow in order to settle and survive as chemosynthetic adults. Where the cold water restricts the ability of all adult stages to migrate over long distances, these low temperatures may facilitate the larvae in the location of vent sites by extending the larval development period through hypometabolism. These differential life‐history adaptations to contrasting thermal environments lead to a disjunct life history among males and females of K. tyleri, which is key to their success in the Southern Ocean vent environment. We highlight the complexity in understanding the importance of life‐history biology, in combination with environmental, ecological and physiological factors contributing to the overall global distribution of vent‐endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Jonathan T Copley
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Paul A Tyler
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Sven Thatje
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Moonen AJH, Wijers A, Leentjens AFG, Christine CW, Factor SA, Juncos J, Lyness JM, Marsh L, Panisset M, Pfeiffer R, Rottenberg D, Serrano Ramos C, Shulman L, Singer C, Slevin J, McDonald W, Auinger P, Richard IH. Severity of depression and anxiety are predictors of response to antidepressant treatment in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:644-6. [PMID: 24679737 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants have appeared to be more effective than placebo treatment in treating depressive syndromes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To identify factors that predict improvement in depressive symptoms during antidepressant treatment in depressed PD patients. METHODS A secondary analysis was performed on the dataset of the Randomized Placebo-controlled Study of Antidepressants in PD (SAD-PD), in which 76 patients received active treatment with either paroxetine or venlafaxine extended release (XR), and 39 patients received placebo treatment. Backward stepwise regression analyses were conducted with change in 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) score between assessments at baseline and week 12 as the main outcome measure, and sex, age, baseline HAMD-24 score, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale section III (UPDRS-III) score, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS) as independent variables. RESULTS In both the active treatment and placebo groups, higher baseline HAMD-24 score and lower UPDRS-III score were associated with greater reduction in HAMD-24 score. Higher anxiety scores predicted less response in the active treatment group. Higher MMSE scores predicted greater response only in the placebo-treated group. Sex and age were no predictors of response. CONCLUSIONS Higher pre-treatment depression scores and lower pre-treatment anxiety scores are the two most important predictors for improvement during antidepressant treatment in depressed PD patients, which is in line with those found in treatment studies of depressed non-PD patients. Furthermore, our results indicate the requirement for different or more intensive treatment for depressed PD patients with more severe anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J H Moonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Wijers
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C W Christine
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Juncos
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J M Lyness
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Marsh
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - M Panisset
- Department of Neurology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Rottenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - L Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - C Singer
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Slevin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Auinger
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - I H Richard
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Nutt J, Siderowf A, Guttman M, Schmidt P, Zamudio J, Wu S, Okun M, Simuni T, Parashos S, Dahodwala N, Davis T, Giladi N, Gurevich T, Hauser R, Jankovic J, Lyons K, Marsh L, Miyasaki J, Morgan J, Santiago A, Tarsy D, Mari Z, Malaty I, Nelson E. Mobility, mood and site of care impact health related quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:274-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aquilina A, Connelly DP, Copley JT, Green DRH, Hawkes JA, Hepburn LE, Huvenne VAI, Marsh L, Mills RA, Tyler PA. Geochemical and visual indicators of hydrothermal fluid flow through a sediment-hosted volcanic ridge in the Central Bransfield Basin (Antarctica). PLoS One 2013; 8:e54686. [PMID: 23359806 PMCID: PMC3554642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the austral summer of 2011 we undertook an investigation of three volcanic highs in the Central Bransfield Basin, Antarctica, in search of hydrothermal activity and associated fauna to assess changes since previous surveys and to evaluate the extent of hydrothermalism in this basin. At Hook Ridge, a submarine volcanic edifice at the eastern end of the basin, anomalies in water column redox potential (Eh) were detected close to the seafloor, unaccompanied by temperature or turbidity anomalies, indicating low-temperature hydrothermal discharge. Seepage was manifested as shimmering water emanating from the sediment and from mineralised structures on the seafloor; recognisable vent endemic fauna were not observed. Pore fluids extracted from Hook Ridge sediment were depleted in chloride, sulfate and magnesium by up to 8% relative to seawater, enriched in lithium, boron and calcium, and had a distinct strontium isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr = 0.708776 at core base) compared with modern seawater (87Sr/86Sr ≈0.70918), indicating advection of hydrothermal fluid through sediment at this site. Biogeochemical zonation of redox active species implies significant moderation of the hydrothermal fluid with in situ diagenetic processes. At Middle Sister, the central ridge of the Three Sisters complex located about 100 km southwest of Hook Ridge, small water column Eh anomalies were detected but visual observations of the seafloor and pore fluid profiles provided no evidence of active hydrothermal circulation. At The Axe, located about 50 km southwest of Three Sisters, no water column anomalies in Eh, temperature or turbidity were detected. These observations demonstrate that the temperature anomalies observed in previous surveys are episodic features, and suggest that hydrothermal circulation in the Bransfield Strait is ephemeral in nature and therefore may not support vent biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Aquilina
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Marsh L, Copley JT, Huvenne VAI, Linse K, Reid WDK, Rogers AD, Sweeting CJ, Tyler PA. Microdistribution of faunal assemblages at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48348. [PMID: 23144754 PMCID: PMC3483289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosynthetic primary production by microbes supports abundant faunal assemblages at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with zonation of invertebrate species typically occurring along physico-chemical gradients. Recently discovered vent fields on the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean represent a new province of vent biogeography, but the spatial dynamics of their distinct fauna have yet to be elucidated. This study determines patterns of faunal zonation, species associations, and relationships between faunal microdistribution and hydrothermal activity in a vent field at a depth of 2,400 m on the ESR. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives obtained high-definition imagery of three chimney structures with varying levels of hydrothermal activity, and a mosaic image of >250 m2 of seafloor co-registered with temperature measurements. Analysis of faunal microdistribution within the mosaiced seafloor reveals a consistent pattern of faunal zonation with increasing distance from vent sources and peak temperatures. Assemblages closest to vent sources are visibly dominated by a new species of anomuran crab, Kiwa n. sp. (abundance >700 individuals m−2), followed by a peltospiroid gastropod (>1,500 individuals m−2), eolepadid barnacle (>1,500 individuals m−2), and carnivorous actinostolid anemone (>30 individuals m−2). Peripheral fauna are not dominated by a single taxon, but include predatory and scavenger taxa such as stichasterid seastars, pycnogonids and octopus. Variation in faunal microdistribution on chimneys with differing levels of activity suggests a possible successional sequence for vent fauna in this new biogeographic province. An increase in δ34S values of primary consumers with distance from vent sources, and variation in their δ13C values also indicate possible zonation of nutritional modes of the vent fauna. By using ROV videography to obtain a high-resolution representation of a vent environment over a greater extent than previous studies, these results provide a baseline for determining temporal change and investigations of processes structuring faunal assemblages at Southern Ocean vents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Marsh
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Leentjens AFG, Dujardin K, Marsh L, Martinez-Martin P, Richard IH, Starkstein SE. Anxiety and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional observational study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18:1084-8. [PMID: 22771284 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested a relationship between anxiety and motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM To describe the nature of the relationship between anxiety symptoms and motor fluctuations and to describe the anxiety symptoms encountered during 'off', 'on' and 'on with dyskinesia' phases. DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 250 patients with idiopathic PD, of whom 118 had motor fluctuations, underwent a standardized clinical assessment including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the DSM IV criteria for major depression and anxiety disorders, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). In addition, patients with motor fluctuations were administered a questionnaire to assess the presence of anxiety symptoms and their relation to motor states. RESULTS Patients with motor fluctuations suffer from generalized anxiety disorder more often than patients without motor fluctuations. When patients with motor fluctuations have anxiety symptoms, the majority report that these have no temporal relationship with specific motor states. When there was a relationship, symptoms were almost always related to 'off' periods. However, a minority of patients experience anxiety symptoms during 'on' or "on with dyskinesia" periods exclusively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the relationship between anxiety and motor fluctuations is more complex than can be explained solely by 'wearing off' phenomena of levodopa. Further studies investigating the temporal dynamics of anxiety and motor fluctuations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Hagner S, Welz H, Kicic A, Alrifai M, Marsh L, Sutanto EN, Ling KM, Stick SM, Müller B, Weissmann N, Renz H. Adrenomedullin - a protective factor in asthma? Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Orbe-Reilly M, Caccappolo E, Tang M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Nutt J, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark L, Marder K. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Participants with Juvenile PD: The CORE-PD Study (IN10-2.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in10-2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Orbe-Reilly M, Caccappolo E, Tang M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Nutt J, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark L, Marder K. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Participants with Juvenile PD: The CORE-PD Study (S42.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s42.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Caccappolo E, Alcalay R, Marder K, Tang M, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Ruiz D, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Colcher A, Comella C, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Mickel S, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Friedman J, Marsh L, Hiner B, Payami H, Molho E, Ottman R, Clark L. The Effect of Parkin Mutation Status on Cognitive Functioning in EOPD Patients with Long Disease Duration: The CORE-PD Study (PD7.008). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd7.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Marder K, Tang MX, Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Caccappolo E, Ruiz D, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Payami H, Molho E, Factor S, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Ottman R, Clark L. Estimating the Cumulative Risk of PD in Carriers of Parkin Mutations: The CORE-PD Study (PD4.007). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd4.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Richard IH, McDermott MP, Kurlan R, Lyness JM, Como PG, Pearson N, Factor SA, Juncos J, Serrano Ramos C, Brodsky M, Manning C, Marsh L, Shulman L, Fernandez HH, Black KJ, Panisset M, Christine CW, Jiang W, Singer C, Horn S, Pfeiffer R, Rottenberg D, Slevin J, Elmer L, Press D, Hyson HC, McDonald W. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antidepressants in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012; 78:1229-36. [PMID: 22496199 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182516244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in the treatment of depression in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS A total of 115 subjects with PD were enrolled at 20 sites. Subjects were randomized to receive an SSRI (paroxetine; n = 42), an SNRI (venlafaxine extended release [XR]; n = 34), or placebo (n = 39). Subjects met DSM-IV criteria for a depressive disorder, or operationally defined subsyndromal depression, and scored >12 on the first 17 items of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Subjects were followed for 12 weeks (6-week dosage adjustment, 6-week maintenance). Maximum daily dosages were 40 mg for paroxetine and 225 mg for venlafaxine XR. The primary outcome measure was change in the HAM-D score from baseline to week 12. RESULTS Treatment effects (relative to placebo), expressed as mean 12-week reductions in HAM-D score, were 6.2 points (97.5% confidence interval [CI] 2.2 to 10.3, p = 0.0007) in the paroxetine group and 4.2 points (97.5% CI 0.1 to 8.4, p = 0.02) in the venlafaxine XR group. No treatment effects were seen on motor function. CONCLUSIONS Both paroxetine and venlafaxine XR significantly improved depression in subjects with PD. Both medications were generally safe and well tolerated and did not worsen motor function. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that paroxetine and venlafaxine XR are effective in treating depression in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Richard
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Alcalay RN, Caccappolo E, Mejia-Santana H, Tang MX, Rosado L, Orbe Reilly M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark LN, Marder K. Cognitive performance of GBA mutation carriers with early-onset PD: the CORE-PD study. Neurology 2012; 78:1434-40. [PMID: 22442429 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318253d54b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cognitive phenotype of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutation carriers with early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We administered a neuropsychological battery and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to participants in the CORE-PD study who were tested for mutations in PARKIN, LRRK2, and GBA. Participants included 33 GBA mutation carriers and 60 noncarriers of any genetic mutation. Primary analyses were performed on 26 GBA heterozygous mutation carriers without additional mutations and 39 age- and PD duration-matched noncarriers. Five cognitive domains, psychomotor speed, attention, memory, visuospatial function, and executive function, were created from transformed z scores of individual neuropsychological tests. Clinical diagnoses (normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], dementia) were assigned blind to genotype based on neuropsychological performance and functional impairment as assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. The association between GBA mutation status and neuropsychological performance, CDR, and clinical diagnoses was assessed. RESULTS Demographics, UPSIT, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III performance did not differ between GBA carriers and noncarriers. GBA mutation carriers performed more poorly than noncarriers on the Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.035), and on the memory (p = 0.017) and visuospatial (p = 0.028) domains. The most prominent differences were observed in nonverbal memory performance (p < 0.001). Carriers were more likely to receive scores of 0.5 or higher on the CDR (p < 0.001), and a clinical diagnosis of either MCI or dementia (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION GBA mutation status may be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Williams JR, Hirsch ES, Anderson K, Bush AL, Goldstein SR, Grill S, Lehmann S, Little JT, Margolis RL, Palanci J, Pontone G, Weiss H, Rabins P, Marsh L. A comparison of nine scales to detect depression in Parkinson disease: which scale to use? Neurology 2012; 78:998-1006. [PMID: 22422897 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31824d587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Methods of Optimal Depression Detection in Parkinson's Disease (MOOD-PD) study compared the psychometric properties of 9 depression scales to provide guidance on scale selection in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Patients with PD (n = 229) from community-based neurology practices completed 6 self-report scales (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]-II, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CESD-R], 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS-30], Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Patient [IDS-SR], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS]-Part I) and were administered 3 clinician-rated scales (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D-17], Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Clinician [IDS-C], and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] and a psychiatric interview. DSM-IV-TR diagnoses were established by an expert panel blinded to the self-reported rating scale data. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) of each scale. RESULTS All scales performed better than chance (AUC 0.75-0.85). Sensitivity ranged from 0.66 to 0.85 and specificity ranged from 0.60 to 0.88. The UPDRS Depression item had a smaller AUC than the BDI-II, HAM-D-17, IDS-C, and MADRS. The CESD-R also had a smaller AUC than the MADRS. The remaining AUCs were statistically similar. CONCLUSIONS The GDS-30 may be the most efficient depression screening scale to use in PD because of its brevity, favorable psychometric properties, and lack of copyright protection. However, all scales studied, except for the UPDRS Depression, are valid screening tools when PD-specific cutoff scores are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Williams
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Rogers AD, Tyler PA, Connelly DP, Copley JT, James R, Larter RD, Linse K, Mills RA, Garabato AN, Pancost RD, Pearce DA, Polunin NVC, German CR, Shank T, Boersch-Supan PH, Alker BJ, Aquilina A, Bennett SA, Clarke A, Dinley RJJ, Graham AGC, Green DRH, Hawkes JA, Hepburn L, Hilario A, Huvenne VAI, Marsh L, Ramirez-Llodra E, Reid WDK, Roterman CN, Sweeting CJ, Thatje S, Zwirglmaier K. The discovery of new deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities in the southern ocean and implications for biogeography. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001234. [PMID: 22235194 PMCID: PMC3250512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of Antarctic waters along the East Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean reveals a new vent biogeographic province among previously uncharacterized deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities. Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes. These discoveries have suggested the existence of separate biogeographic provinces in the Atlantic and the North West Pacific, the existence of a province including the South West Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a separation of the North East Pacific, North East Pacific Rise, and South East Pacific Rise. The Southern Ocean is known to be a region of high deep-sea species diversity and centre of origin for the global deep-sea fauna. It has also been proposed as a gateway connecting hydrothermal vents in different oceans but is little explored because of extreme conditions. Since 2009 we have explored two segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean using a remotely operated vehicle. In each segment we located deep-sea hydrothermal vents hosting high-temperature black smokers up to 382.8°C and diffuse venting. The chemosynthetic ecosystems hosted by these vents are dominated by a new yeti crab (Kiwa n. sp.), stalked barnacles, limpets, peltospiroid gastropods, anemones, and a predatory sea star. Taxa abundant in vent ecosystems in other oceans, including polychaete worms (Siboglinidae), bathymodiolid mussels, and alvinocaridid shrimps, are absent from the ESR vents. These groups, except the Siboglinidae, possess planktotrophic larvae, rare in Antarctic marine invertebrates, suggesting that the environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean may act as a dispersal filter for vent taxa. Evidence from the distinctive fauna, the unique community structure, and multivariate analyses suggest that the Antarctic vent ecosystems represent a new vent biogeographic province. However, multivariate analyses of species present at the ESR and at other deep-sea hydrothermal vents globally indicate that vent biogeography is more complex than previously recognised. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are mainly associated with seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges and in basins near volcanic island arcs. They host animals found nowhere else that derive their energy not from the sun but from bacterial oxidation of chemicals in the vent fluids, particularly hydrogen sulphide. Hydrothermal vents and their communities of organisms have become important models for understanding the origins and limits of life as well as evolution of island-like communities in the deep ocean. We describe the fauna associated with high-temperature hydrothermal vents on the East Scotia Ridge, Southern Ocean, to our knowledge the first to be discovered in Antarctic waters. These communities are dominated by a new species of yeti crab, stalked barnacles, limpets and snails, sea anemones, and a predatory seven-armed starfish. Animals commonly found in hydrothermal vents of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, including giant Riftia tubeworms, annelid worms, vent mussels, vent crabs, and vent shrimps, were not present at the Southern Ocean vents. These discoveries suggest that the environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean may act as a barrier to some vent animals and that the East Scotia Ridge communities form a new biogeographic province with a unique species composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Srivastava A, Tang MX, Mejia-Santana H, Rosado L, Louis ED, Caccappolo E, Comella C, Colcher A, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Alcalay RN, Ross B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Merle D, Ottman R, Clark LN, Marder K. The relation between depression and parkin genotype: the CORE-PD study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 17:740-4. [PMID: 21856206 PMCID: PMC3221786 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in parkin are a known genetic risk factor for early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) but their role in non-motor manifestations is not well established. Genetic factors for depression are similarly not well characterized. We investigate the role of parkin mutations in depression among those with EOPD and their relatives. METHODS We collected psychiatric information using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory II on 328 genotyped individuals including 88 probands with early onset PD (41 with parkin mutations, 47 without) and 240 first and second-degree relatives without PD. RESULTS Genotype was not associated with depression risk among probands. Among unaffected relatives of EOPD cases, only compound heterozygotes (n = 4), and not heterozygotes, had significantly increased risk of depressed mood (OR = 14.1; 95% CI 1.2-163.4), moderate to severe depression (OR = 17.8; 95% CI 1.0-332.0), depression (score ≥ 15) on the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) (OR = 51.9; 95% CI 4.1-657.4), and BDI-II total depression score (β = 8.4; 95% CI 2.4-11.3) compared to those without parkin mutations. CONCLUSIONS Relatives of EOPD cases with compound heterozygous mutations and without diagnosed PD may have a higher risk of depression compared to relatives without parkin mutations. These findings support evidence of a genetic contribution to depression and may extend the phenotypic spectrum of parkin mutations to include non-motor manifestations that precede the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M-X Tang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Mejia-Santana
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Rosado
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - ED Louis
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Caccappolo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Comella
- Department of Neurology/Movement Disorder Section, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Colcher
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Siderowf
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Jennings
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-2716, USA
| | - M Nance
- Struthers Parkinson’s Center, Park Nicollet Clinic, Golden Valley, MN, USA
| | - S Bressman
- The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - WK Scott
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - C Tanner
- Parkinson’s Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | - S Mickel
- Marshfield Clinic, Department of Neurology, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - H Andrews
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Data Coordinating Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Cote
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Frucht
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Ford
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - RN Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Ross
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Rezak
- Department of Neurology, at NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, at Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Novak
- Department of Neurology, at NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, at Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - JH Friedman
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of NeuroHealth, Warwick, Rhode Island
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. USA
| | - R Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Marsh
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Hiner
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
| | - D Merle
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Data Coordinating Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Ottman
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Epidemiology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - LN Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Friedman JH, Agarwal P, Alcalay R, Black KJ, Chou KL, Cote L, Dayalu P, Frank S, Hartlein J, Hauser RA, Lang AE, Marsh L, Marshall F, Moskowitz C, Ravina B, Riley D, Sanchez-Ramos J, Simon DK, Simuni T, Sutton J, Tuite P, Weintraub D, Zesiewicz T. Clinical vignettes in Parkinson's disease: a collection of unusual medication-induced hallucinations, delusions, and compulsive behaviours. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:472-6. [PMID: 21663381 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.578779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations, delusions, and compulsive behaviors are frequent iatrogenic complications of the treatment of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although these have been studied, and the phenomenology described, there are few detailed descriptions of the various psychiatric problems our treated PD patients live with that allow physicians who do not have a great deal of experience with PD patients to appreciate the extent of their altered lives. This report is a compilation of vignettes describing these behavioral problems that the treating neurologist or psychiatrist attributed to the medications used for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
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Kretschmer S, Pieper M, Marsh L, König P. Dynamik von Granulozyten und Antigen-prozessierenden Zellen während einer akuten allergischen Atemwegsentzündung mittels 2-Photonen Laser Scanning Mikroskopie. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aarsland D, Marsh L, Schrag A. Reply: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Alcalay RN, Siderowf A, Ottman R, Caccappolo E, Mejia-Santana H, Tang MX, Rosado L, Louis E, Ruiz D, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Rezak M, Novak KE, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Clark LN, Marder K. Olfaction in Parkin heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes: the CORE-PD study. Neurology 2010; 76:319-26. [PMID: 21205674 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820882aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Parkinson disease (PD) is consistently associated with impaired olfaction, one study reported better olfaction among Parkin mutation carriers than noncarriers. Whether olfaction differs between Parkin mutation heterozygotes and carriers of 2 Parkin mutations (compound heterozygotes) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between Parkin genotype and olfaction in PD probands and their unaffected relatives. METHODS We administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to 44 probands in the Consortium on Risk for Early-Onset Parkinson Disease study with PD onset ≤50 years (10 Parkin mutation heterozygotes, 9 compound heterozygotes, 25 noncarriers) and 80 of their family members (18 heterozygotes, 2 compound heterozygotes, 60 noncarriers). In the probands, linear regression was used to assess the association between UPSIT score (outcome) and Parkin genotype (predictor), adjusting for covariates. Among family members without PD, we compared UPSIT performance in heterozygotes vs noncarriers using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for family membership, age, gender, and smoking. RESULTS Among probands with PD, compound heterozygotes had higher UPSIT scores (31.9) than heterozygotes (20.1) or noncarriers (19.9) (p < 0.001). These differences persisted after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, and smoking. Among relatives without PD, UPSIT performance was similar in heterozygotes (32.5) vs noncarriers (32.4), and better than in heterozygotes with PD (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Olfaction is significantly reduced among Parkin mutation heterozygotes with PD but not among their heterozygous relatives without PD. Compound heterozygotes with PD have olfaction within the normal range. Further research is required to assess whether these findings reflect different neuropathology in Parkin mutation heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Taylor D, Pallos J, Lambert E, Amore A, Parker A, Moffitt H, Smith D, Runne H, Gokce O, Kuhn A, Xiang Z, Maxwell M, Reeves S, Bates G, Néri C, Thompson L, Marsh L, Kazantsev A, Luthi-Carter R. A10 SIRT2 inhibition achieves neuroprotection by decreasing sterol biosynthesis. J Neurol Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.222570.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Siderowf A, Nutt J, O'Conner G, Bloem B, Olmstead E, Guttman M, Simuni T, Cheng E, Cohen E, Parashos S, Marsh L, Malaty I, Giladi N, Schmidt P, Oberdorf J, Okun M. O.002 Piloting the NPF data-driven quality initiative to improve Parkinson's disease management. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mari Z, Von Coelln R, Savitt J, Lenz F, Marsh L. P2.045 Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS): worse after bilateral STN DBS? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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