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Priyadarshini B, Stango AX, Balasubramanian M, Vijayalakshmi U. In situ fabrication of cerium-incorporated hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposite coatings with bone regeneration and osteosarcoma potential. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:5054-5076. [PMID: 37705779 PMCID: PMC10496897 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
With the ultimate goal of providing a novel platform able to inhibit bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and anticancer properties, cerium-doped hydroxyapatite films enhanced with magnetite were developed via spin-coating. The unique aspect of the current study is the potential for creating cerium-doped hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4 coatings on a titanium support to enhance the functionality of bone implants. To assure an increase in the bioactivity of the titanium surface, alkali pretreatment was done before deposition of the apatite layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to evaluate coatings. Coatings demonstrated good efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the latter showing the highest efficacy. In vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid solution showed this material to be proficient for bone-like apatite formation on the implant surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was undertaken on intact coatings to examine the barrier properties of composites. We found that spin-coating at 4000 rpm could greatly increase the total resistance. After seeding with osteoblastic populations, Ce-HAP/Fe3O4 materials the adhesion and proliferation of cells. The heating capacity of the Ce-HAP/Fe3O4 film was optimal at 45 °C at 15 s at a frequency of 318 kHz. Osseointegration depends on many more parameters than hydroxyapatite production, so these coatings have significant potential for use in bone healing and bone-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Priyadarshini
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India +91-416-224 3092 +91-416-2202464
- Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras) Chennai 600 036 India
| | - Arul Xavier Stango
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Srivilliputhur Tamil Nadu 626126 India
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras) Chennai 600 036 India
| | - U Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India +91-416-224 3092 +91-416-2202464
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Dhakal D, Driscoll DM, Govind N, Stack AG, Rampal N, Schenter G, Mundy CJ, Fister TT, Fulton JL, Balasubramanian M, Seidler GT. The evolution of solvation symmetry and composition in Zn halide aqueous solutions from dilute to extreme concentrations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22650-22661. [PMID: 37592924 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of cation-anion species, or contact ion pairs, is fundamental to understanding the physical properties of aqueous solutions when moving from the ideal, low-concentration limit to the manifestly non-ideal limits of very high solute concentration or constituent ion activity. We focus here on Zn halide solutions both as a model system and also as an exemplar of the applications spanning from (i) electrical energy storage via the paradigm of water in salt electrolyte (WiSE) to (ii) the physical chemistry of brines in geochemistry to (iii) the long-standing problem of nucleation. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches we quantify the halide coordination number and changing coordination geometry without embedded use of theoretical equilibrium constants. These results and the associated methods, notably including the use of valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy, provide new insights into the Zn halide system and new research directions in the physical chemistry of concentrated electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwash Dhakal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darren M Driscoll
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nikhil Rampal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gregory Schenter
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Timothy T Fister
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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3
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Li M, Dixit M, Essehli R, Jafta CJ, Amin R, Balasubramanian M, Belharouak I. Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 Solid Electrolyte Membrane for High-Performance Seawater Battery. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300920. [PMID: 37046184 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seawater batteries (SWBs) have gained tremendous interest in the electrochemical energy storage research field because of their low cost, natural abundance, and potential use for long-duration energy storage. Advancing a SWB to demonstration projects is plagued by the poor electrochemical performance stemming from the poor interfaces of the solid electrolyte (SE), as well as the structural and chemical instabilities and sluggish ionic transport properties. In this study, the anode compartment of a surrogate SWB is constructed with a Na | SE | hard carbon configuration, and tailored dopants are introduced into the Nasicon-type Na3 Zr2 Si2 PO12 (NZSP) SE membrane. After doping with TiO2 , a much more densely packed pellet with uniformly distributed porous structure is obtained. Changes in surface chemistry and local structure in the bulk are observed, which are believed to contribute to the improved ionic conductivity and higher critical current density of the TiO2 -doped NZSP. Stable cycling performance with reversible capacities based on different Na storage mechanisms are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Marm Dixit
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Rachid Essehli
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Charl J Jafta
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ilias Belharouak
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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4
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Mejia GC, Ju X, Kumar S, Soares GH, Balasubramanian M, Sohn W, Jamieson L. Immigrants experience oral health care inequity: findings from Australia's National Study of Adult Oral Health. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:7-18. [PMID: 36229042 PMCID: PMC10952364 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health service utilization contributes to positive oral health and indicates realised access to services. The study aimed to describe patterns of oral health service use among overseas-born and Australian-born populations and assess equity in access to services. METHODS The study used data from Australia's National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-2018 and was guided by the Aday and Andersen framework of access to health and Australia's National Oral Health Plan. Descriptive analyses of service use by perceived need, enabling and predisposing factors were compared between four groups: Australian-born and overseas-born who mainly speak English and Australian-born and overseas-born who mainly speak a language other than English. RESULTS Overseas-born who mainly speak a language other than English experienced greater oral health care inequity, largely driven by financial difficulty (avoided care due to cost: 42% vs 27%-28%; avoided/delayed visiting due to cost: 48% vs. 37%-38%; cost prevented treatment: 32% vs. 18%-24%). The most favourable visiting patterns were among the Australian-born population who speak a language other than English. CONCLUSIONS The study shows clear inequity experienced among immigrants in accessibility as measured through indicators of oral health care utilization and factors related to inequity, such as the ability to pay for services.
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Affiliation(s)
- GC Mejia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthAdelaide Dental School, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - X Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthAdelaide Dental School, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - S Kumar
- Allied Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - GH Soares
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthAdelaide Dental School, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Health Care ManagementCollege of Business, Government and Law, Flinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and EconomicsSchool of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - W Sohn
- Population Oral Health, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - L Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthAdelaide Dental School, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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Huang J, Ouyang B, Zhang Y, Yin L, Kwon DH, Cai Z, Lun Z, Zeng G, Balasubramanian M, Ceder G. Inhibiting collective cation migration in Li-rich cathode materials as a strategy to mitigate voltage hysteresis. Nat Mater 2023; 22:353-361. [PMID: 36702887 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-rich cathodes are promising energy storage materials due to their high energy densities. However, voltage hysteresis, which is generally associated with transition metal migration, limits their energy efficiency and implementation in practical devices. Here we reveal that voltage hysteresis is related to the collective migration of metal ions, and that isolating the migration events from each other by creating partial disorder can create high-capacity reversible cathode materials, even when migrating transition metal ions are present. We demonstrate this on a layered Li-rich chromium manganese oxide that in its fully ordered state displays a substantial voltage hysteresis (>2.5 V) associated with collective transition metal migration into Li layers, but can be made to achieve high capacity (>360 mAh g-1) and energy density (>1,100 Wh kg-1) when the collective migration is perturbed by partial disorder. This study demonstrates that partially cation-disordered cathode materials can accommodate a high level of transition metal migration, which broadens our options for redox couples to those of mobile cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Huang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Liang Yin
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zijian Cai
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Balasubramanian M, Ghanbarzadegan A, Sohn W, Killedar A, Sivaprakash P, Holden A, Norris S, Wilson A, Pogson B, Liston G, Chor L, Yaacoub A, Masoe A, Clarke K, Chen R, Milat A, Schneider C CH. Primary school mobile dental program in New South Wales, Australia: protocol for the evaluation of a state government oral health initiative. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:363. [PMID: 36803579 PMCID: PMC9940088 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomically disadvantaged children are disproportionately affected by oral disease. Mobile dental services help underserved communities overcome barriers to accessing health care, including time, geography, and trust. The NSW Health Primary School Mobile Dental Program (PSMDP) is designed to provide diagnostic and preventive dental services to children at their schools. The PSMDP is mainly targeted toward high-risk children and priority populations. This study aims to evaluate the program's performance across five local health districts (LHDs) where the program is being implemented. METHODS The evaluation will use routinely collected administrative data, along with other program-specific data sources, from the district public oral health services to conduct a statistical analysis that determines the reach and uptake of the program, its effectiveness, and the associated costs and cost-consequences. The PSMDP evaluation program utilises data from Electronic Dental Records (EDRs) and other data sources, including patient demographics, service mix, general health, oral health clinical data and risk factor information. The overall design includes cross-sectional and longitudinal components. The design combines comprehensive output monitoring across the five participating LHDs and investigates the associations between socio-demographic factors, service patterns and health outcomes. Time series analysis using difference-in-difference estimation will be conducted across the four years of the program, involving services, risk factors, and health outcomes. Comparison groups will be identified via propensity matching across the five participating LHDs. An economic analysis will estimate the costs and cost-consequences for children who participate in the program versus the comparison group. DISCUSSION The use of EDRs for oral health services evaluation research is a relatively new approach, and the evaluation works within the limitations and strengths of utilising administrative datasets. The study will also provide avenues to improve the quality of data collected and system-level improvements to better enable future services to be aligned with disease prevalence and population needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balasubramanian
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Health Care Management, College of Business Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Ghanbarzadegan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XPopulation Oral Health, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W Sohn
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XPopulation Oral Health, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Killedar
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Sivaprakash
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Holden
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XPopulation Oral Health, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - S Norris
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Wilson
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Pogson
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - G Liston
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - L Chor
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - A Yaacoub
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XPopulation Oral Health, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.413243.30000 0004 0453 1183Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, NSW Ministry of Health, Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - A Masoe
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - K Clarke
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - R Chen
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Oral Health Strategy, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - A Milat
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmen Huckel Schneider C
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Kumar KNR, Reddy MJM, Reddy KV, Paramesha V, Balasubramanian M, Kumar TK, Kumar RM, Reddy DD. Determinants of climate change adaptation strategies in South India: Empirical evidence. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomena of climate change pose multifaceted challenges to crop and livestock farming, with severe implications on smallholder farmers' income and livelihoods. Climate change has profound implications (economic, environmental, and social) predominantly on rainfed regions in developing countries like India, where agriculture constitutes the backbone of the economy. In this context, the current study analyzes how farmers perceive climate change in the rainfed ecosystem in India, farmers' adaptation strategies, and their major determinants in addressing climate change. Data were collected from 400 sample farmers in South India. Discriminant and multinomial logit models were employed to identify the adaptation strategies of the farmers. It was evident that the factors such as off-farm income, farm income, and farming experience significantly influenced the adaptation strategies for tackling climate change. Furthermore, access to climate change information and literacy level are vital determinants in different climate change adaptation strategies, including crop diversification, integrated farming system, contingency plans for farm operations, and adoption of soil and water conservation techniques. However, the study highlights the increasing role of institutions (government and private) in future to safeguard the interests of farmers by offering a wide range of policy, research, and technology interventions. In a nutshell, R&D focus on climate-resilient agriculture, application of ICTs in agro-advisory services, and creation off-farm employment opportunities for the farmers is crucial to sustaining their livelihoods as these serve as potential mitigation strategies to impart resilience to climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture in rainfed ecosystems in India or any other countries.
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Buchanan C, Herrera D, Balasubramanian M, Goldsmith BR, Singh N. Unveiling the Cerium(III)/(IV) Structures and Charge-Transfer Mechanism in Sulfuric Acid. JACS Au 2022; 2:2742-2757. [PMID: 36590268 PMCID: PMC9795571 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple has a charge transfer (CT) with extreme asymmetry and a large shift in redox potential depending on electrolyte composition. The redox potential shift and CT behavior are difficult to understand because neither the cerium structures nor the CT mechanism are well understood, limiting efforts to improve the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox kinetics in applications such as energy storage. Herein, we identify the Ce3+ and Ce4+ structures and CT mechanism in sulfuric acid via extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), kinetic measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show EXAFS evidence that confirms that Ce3+ is coordinated by nine water molecules and suggests that Ce4+ is complexed by water and three bisulfates in sulfuric acid. Despite the change in complexation within the first coordination shell between Ce3+ and Ce4+, we show that the kinetics are independent of the electrode, suggesting outer-sphere electron-transfer behavior. We identify a two-step mechanism where Ce4+ exchanges the bisulfate anions with water in a chemical step followed by a rate-determining electron transfer step that follows Marcus theory (MT). This mechanism is consistent with all experimentally observed structural and kinetic data. The asymmetry of the Ce3+/Ce4+ CT and the observed shift in the redox potential with acid is explained by the addition of the chemical step in the CT mechanism. The fitted parameters from this rate law qualitatively agree with DFT-predicted free energies and the reorganization energy. The combination of a two-step mechanism with MT should be considered for other metal ion CT reactions whose kinetics have not been appropriately described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin
A. Buchanan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United
States
- Catalysis
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Dylan Herrera
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United
States
- Catalysis
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Bryan R. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United
States
- Catalysis
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United
States
- Catalysis
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
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Dixit M, Muralidharan N, Parejiya A, Jafta C, Du Z, Neumayer SM, Essehli R, Amin R, Balasubramanian M, Belharouak I. Differences in the Interfacial Mechanical Properties of Thiophosphate and Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes and Their Composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:44292-44302. [PMID: 36129828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial mechanics are a significant contributor to the performance and degradation of solid-state batteries. Spatially resolved measurements of interfacial properties are extremely important to effectively model and understand the electrochemical behavior. Herein, we report the interfacial properties of thiophosphate (Li3PS4)- and argyrodite (Li6PS5Cl)-type solid electrolytes. Using atomic force microscopy, we showcase the differences in the surface morphology as well as adhesion of these materials. We also investigate solvent-less processing of hybrid electrolytes using UV-assisted curing. Physical, chemical, and structural characterizations of the materials highlight the differences in the surface morphology, chemical makeup, and distribution of the inorganic phases between the argyrodite and thiophosphate solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marm Dixit
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nitin Muralidharan
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anand Parejiya
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Charl Jafta
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhijia Du
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sabine M Neumayer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rachid Essehli
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilias Belharouak
- Electrification & Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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Driscoll DM, Shiery RC, D'Annunzio N, Boglaienko D, Balasubramanian M, Levitskaia TG, Pearce CI, Govind N, Cantu DC, Fulton JL. Water Defect Stabilizes the Bi 3+ Lone-Pair Electronic State Leading to an Unusual Aqueous Hydration Structure. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14987-14996. [PMID: 36099562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous hydration structure of the Bi3+ ion is probed using a combination of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) simulations of ion-water clusters and condensed-phase solutions. Anomalous features in the EXAFS spectra are found to be associated with a highly asymmetric first-solvent water shell. The aqueous chemistry and structure of the Bi3+ ion are dramatically controlled by the water stabilization of a lone-pair electronic state involving the mixed 6s and 6p orbitals. This leads to a distinct multimodal distribution of water molecules in the first shell that are separated by about 0.2 Å. The lone-pair structure is stabilized by a collective response of multiple waters that are localized near the lone-pair anti-bonding site. The findings indicate that the lone-pair stereochemistry of aqueous Bi3+ ions plays a major role in the binding of water and ligands in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Driscoll
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard C Shiery
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Nicolas D'Annunzio
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Daria Boglaienko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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11
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Zheng J, Löbbert L, Chheda S, Khetrapal N, Schmid J, Gaggioli CA, Yeh B, Bermejo-Deval R, Motkuri RK, Balasubramanian M, Fulton JL, Gutiérrez OY, Siepmann JI, Neurock M, Gagliardi L, Lercher JA. Metal-organic framework supported single-site nickel catalysts for butene dimerization. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ghosh S, Agarwal H, Galib M, Tran B, Balasubramanian M, Singh N, Fulton JL, Govind N. Near-Quantitative Predictions of the First-Shell Coordination Structure of Hydrated First-Row Transition Metal Ions Using K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6323-6330. [PMID: 35793526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The solvation structure of transition metal ions is important for applications in geochemistry, biochemistry, energy storage, and environmental chemistry. We study the X-ray absorption pre-edge and near-edge spectra at the K-edge of a nearly complete series of hydrated first-row transition metal ions with d orbital occupancy from d2 to d10. We optimize all of the structures at the density functional theory (DFT) level with explicit solvation and then compute the pre-edge X-ray absorption spectra with time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2). TDDFT provides accurate results for spectra that are dominated by single excitations, while RASPT2 correctly distinguishes between singly and doubly excited states with quantitative accuracy compared with experiment. We analyze the pre-edge features for each metal ion to reveal the impact of the variations in d orbital occupancy on the first-shell coordination environment. We also report the lowest-energy ligand field d-d transitions using complete active space second-order perturbation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mirza Galib
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ba Tran
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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13
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Paul RK, Yeasin M, Kumar P, Kumar P, Balasubramanian M, Roy HS, Paul AK, Gupta A. Machine learning techniques for forecasting agricultural prices: A case of brinjal in Odisha, India. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270553. [PMID: 35793366 PMCID: PMC9258887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Price forecasting of perishable crop like vegetables has importance implications to the farmers, traders as well as consumers. Timely and accurate forecast of the price helps the farmers switch between the alternative nearby markets to sale their produce and getting good prices. The farmers can use the information to make choices around the timing of marketing. For forecasting price of agricultural commodities, several statistical models have been applied in past but those models have their own limitations in terms of assumptions. Methods In recent times, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been much successful in modeling time series data. Though, numerous empirical studies have shown that ML approaches outperform time series models in forecasting time series, but their application in forecasting vegetables prices in India is scared. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to explore efficient ML algorithms e.g. Generalized Neural Network (GRNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) for forecasting wholesale price of Brinjal in seventeen major markets of Odisha, India. Results An empirical comparison of the predictive accuracies of different models with that of the usual stochastic model i.e. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is carried out and it is observed that ML techniques particularly GRNN performs better in most of the cases. The superiority of the models is established by means of Model Confidence Set (MCS), and other accuracy measures such as Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Prediction Error (MAPE). To this end, Diebold-Mariano test is performed to test for the significant differences in predictive accuracy of different models. Conclusions Among the machine learning techniques, GRNN performs better in all the seventeen markets as compared to other techniques. RF performs at par with GRNN in four markets. The accuracies of other techniques such as SVR, GBM and ARIMA are not up to the mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Md. Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhakar Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - H. S. Roy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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14
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Neilson JR, Fry-Petit AM, Drichko N, Stone MB, Llobet A, Balasubramanian M, Suchomel MR, McQueen TM. Dynamical Bond Formation in KNi2Se2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Neilson
- Colorado State University Chemistry and School of Advanced Materials Discovery UNITED STATES
| | | | - Natalia Drichko
- Johns Hopkins University Physics and Astronomy UNITED STATES
| | - Matthew B. Stone
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Neutron Scattering Division UNITED STATES
| | - Anna Llobet
- Los Alamos National Laboratory P-1: Dynamic Imaging and Radiography UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Tyrel M. McQueen
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering 21218 Baltimore UNITED STATES
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15
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Driscoll DM, Shiery RC, Balasubramanian M, Fulton JL, Cantu DC. Ionic Contraction across the Lanthanide Series Decreases the Temperature-Induced Disorder of the Water Coordination Sphere. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:287-294. [PMID: 34919399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In liquid, temperature affects the structures of lanthanide complexes in multiple ways that depend upon complex interactions between ligands, anions, and solvent molecules. The relative simplicity of lanthanide aqua ions (Ln3+) make them well suited to determine how temperature induces structural changes in lanthanide complexes. We performed a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, both at 25 and 90 °C, to determine how temperature affects the first- and second-coordination spheres of three Ln3+ (Ce3+, Sm3+, and Lu3+) aqua ions. AIMD simulations show first lanthanide coordination spheres that are similar at 25 and 90 °C, more so for the Lu3+ ion that remains as eight-coordinate than for the Ce3+ and Sm3+ ions that change their preferred coordination number from nine (at 25 °C) to eight (at 90 °C). The measured EXAFS spectra are very similar at 25 and 90 °C, for the Ce3+, Sm3+, and Lu3+ ions, suggesting that the dynamical disorder of the Ln3+ ions in liquid water is sufficient such that temperature-induced changes do not clearly manifest changes in the structure of the three ions. Both AIMD simulations and EXAFS measurements show very similar structures of the first coordination sphere of the Lu3+ ion at 25 and 90 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Driscoll
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard C Shiery
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | | | - John L Fulton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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16
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Hahn NT, Self J, Driscoll DM, Dandu N, Han KS, Murugesan V, Mueller KT, Curtiss LA, Balasubramanian M, Persson KA, Zavadil KR. Concentration-dependent ion correlations impact the electrochemical behavior of calcium battery electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:674-686. [PMID: 34908060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion interactions strongly determine the solvation environments of multivalent electrolytes even at concentrations below that required for practical battery-based energy storage. This statement is particularly true of electrolytes utilizing ethereal solvents due to their low dielectric constants. These solvents are among the most commonly used for multivalent batteries based on reactive metals (Mg, Ca) due to their reductive stability. Recent developments in multivalent electrolyte design have produced a variety of new salts for Mg2+ and Ca2+ that test the limits of weak coordination strength and oxidative stability. Such electrolytes have great potential for enabling full-cell cycling of batteries based on these working ions. However, the ion interactions in these electrolytes exhibit significant and non-intuitive concentration relationships. In this work, we investigate a promising exemplar, calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borate (Ca(BHFIP)2), in the ethereal solvents 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) across a concentration range of several orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, we find that effective salt dissociation is lower at relatively dilute concentrations (e.g. 0.01 M) than at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.2 M). Combined experimental and computational dielectric and X-ray spectroscopic analyses of the changes occurring in the Ca2+ solvation environment across these concentration regimes reveals a progressive transition from well-defined solvent-separated ion pairs to de-correlated free ions. This transition in ion correlation results in improvements in both conductivity and calcium cycling stability with increased salt concentration. Comparison with previous findings involving more strongly associating salts highlights the generality of this phenomenon, leading to important insight into controlling ion interactions in ether-based multivalent battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Julian Self
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 60439, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darren M Driscoll
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Naveen Dandu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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17
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Campanini EH, Baker D, Arundel P, Bishop NJ, Offiah AC, Keigwin S, Cadden S, Dall'Ara E, Nicolaou N, Giles S, Fernandes JA, Balasubramanian M. High bone mass phenotype in a cohort of patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta caused due to BMP1 and C-propeptide cleavage variants in COL1A1. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101102. [PMID: 34277895 PMCID: PMC8264105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous condition mainly characterised by bone fragility; extra-skeletal features in OI include blue sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta, skin laxity and joint hyper-extensibility. Most patients with OI are thought to have a low bone mass but contrary to expectations there are certain forms of OI with high bone mass which this study explores in further detail. METHOD A cohort of n = 6 individuals with pathogenic variants in BMP1 and the C-propeptide cleavage variants in COL1A1 were included in this study. Detailed clinical and radiological phenotyping was done and correlated with genotype to identify patterns of clinical presentation and fracture history in this cohort of patients. This data was compared to previously reported literature in this group. RESULTS 2 patients with BMP1 and 4 patients with pathogenic variants in C-propeptide region in COL1A1 were deep-phenotyped as part of this study and 1 patient with C-propeptide variant in COL1A1, showed low bone mineral density. In those with an elevated bone mineral density, this became even more apparent on bisphosphonate therapy. Patients in this cohort had variable clinical presentation ranging from antenatal presentation to more of an insidious course resulting in later confirmation of genetic diagnosis up to 19 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Patients with pathogenic variants in the C-propeptide region of COL1A1/A2 and BMP1 appear to have a high bone mass phenotype with increased sensitivity to bisphosphonate therapy. It is important to closely monitor patients with these genotypes to assess their response to therapy and tailor their treatment regime accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Campanini
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Baker
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Arundel
- Highly Specialised OI Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - N J Bishop
- Highly Specialised OI Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A C Offiah
- Highly Specialised OI Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Keigwin
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Cadden
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - N Nicolaou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Giles
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J A Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Highly Specialised OI Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Balasubramanian M. Forest ecosystem services contribution to food security of vulnerable group: a case study from India. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:792. [PMID: 34762161 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the study is to analyze the linkages between ecosystem services and food security of the Soliga tribes in India. This study mainly focuses on four dimensions of ecosystem services, (i) production and providing of wild food and water resources, (availability); (ii) rural livelihood, employment opportunities, and income generation (accessibility); and (iii) utilization of ecosystem services, persons are capable of increasing energy and nutrition from food (utilization); (iv) adequate and enough food is accessible, reachable, and utilizable on a dependable, sustainable basis (stability). This study has used primary data for analyzing the linkages between ecosystem services and food security of (Soligas tribe in Karnataka) 210 households were interviewed in South India. The results of the study is found that forest provisioning ecosystem services major role in their everyday food and nutrition. The main policy implication of the study is integrating ecosystem services and food security for sustainable agricultural production of tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balasubramanian
- Center for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 560072, India.
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19
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Ghanbarzadegan A, Balasubramanian M, Luzzi L, Brennan D, Bastani P. A Scoping Review on the Role of Access toward achieving Universal Health Coverage in Oral Health. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Improving access to health services is a way towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in oral health. The purpose of this review was to map the determinants of access to dental services within a UHC framework.
Methods
Scoping review methods were adopted for the review. PUBMED, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and ProQuest were searched for academic literature on determinants of access to dental services in OCED countries. Articles published in the last 10 years were included. No restriction was placed on study methods; only articles in the English language were included. Qualitative synthesis was conducted, also including trend analysis and mapping exercise
Results
A total of 4320 articles were identified in the initial search; 60 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results indicate 7 main themes as the determinants of access to dental services: family level, culture, health status, affordability of services, Social environment, geographic and transportation. Defined determinants of access to dental services, family-level factors, culture and geographical access to dental services, can fill the population axis of the UHC cube. Social environment determinants and affordability of services fill the gap of financial protection as another axis of the UHC cube and finally, availability of dental services and the individual's health status are aligned with the appropriateness of services, the third axis of the UHC cube.
Conclusions
This scoping review has identified family-level and cultural, health status, affordability, and availability of services, social environment, and geographic factors contributing towards the inequality in access towards dental services. In addition to considering these main determinants, it is important for policymakers to pay more attention to social and cultural access determinants.
Key messages
An exact definition of access to services should be defined and implemented in the dental literature. Health Policymakers besides considering the derived themes of access into dental services should pay attention to social and cultural access determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghanbarzadegan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Luzzi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P Bastani
- Health Human Resources Research Centre, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Nagarajan S, Hwang S, Balasubramanian M, Thangavel NK, Arava LMR. Mixed Cationic and Anionic Redox in Ni and Co Free Chalcogen-Based Cathode Chemistry for Li-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15732-15744. [PMID: 34524818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mixed cationic and anionic redox cathode chemistry is emerging as the conventional cationic redox centers of transition-metal-based layered oxides are reaching their theoretical capacity limit. However, these anionic redox reactions in transition metal oxide-based cathodes attained by taking excess lithium ions have resulted in stability issues due to weak metal-oxygen ligand covalency. Here, we present an alternative approach of improving metal-ligand covalency by introducing a less electronegative chalcogen ligand (sulfur) in the cathode structural framework where the metal d band penetrates into the ligand p band, thereby utilizing reversible mixed anionic and cationic redox chemistry. Through this design strategy, we report the possibility of developing a new family of layered cathode materials when partially filled d orbital redox couples like Fe2+/3+ are introduced in the Li-ion conducting phase (Li2SnS3). Further, the electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses are used to qualitatively identify the charge contributors at the metal and ligand sites during Li+ extraction. The detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal the multi-redox induced structural modifications and its surface amorphization with nanopore formation during cycling. Findings from this study will shed light on designing Ni and Co free chalcogen cathodes and various functional materials in the chalcogen-based dual anionic and cationic redox cathode avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhan Nagarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar Thangavel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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21
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Liu S, DeFilippo AR, Balasubramanian M, Liu Z, Wang SG, Chen Y, Chariton S, Prakapenka V, Luo X, Zhao L, Martin JS, Lin Y, Yan Y, Ghose SK, Tyson TA. High-Resolution In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Studies of Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr 3 : New Symmetry Assignments and Structural Phase Transitions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2003046. [PMID: 34250750 PMCID: PMC8456275 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaic ABX3 systems are being studied due to their high energy-conversion efficiencies with current emphasis placed on pure inorganic systems. In this work, synchrotron single-crystal diffraction measurements combined with second harmonic generation measurements reveal the absence of inversion symmetry below room temperature in CsPbBr3 . Local structural analysis by pair distribution function and X-ray absorption fine structure methods are performed to ascertain the local ordering, atomic pair correlations, and phase evolution in a broad range of temperatures. The currently accepted space group assignments for CsPbBr3 are found to be incorrect in a manner that profoundly impacts physical properties. New assignments are obtained for the bulk structure: I m 3 ¯ (above ≈410 K), P21 /m (between ≈300 K and ≈410 K), and the polar group Pm (below ≈300 K), respectively. The newly observed structural distortions exist in the bulk structure consistent with the expectation of previous photoluminescence and Raman measurements. High-pressure measurements reveal multiple low-pressure phases, one of which exists as a metastable phase at ambient pressure. This work should help guide research in the perovskite photovoltaic community to better control the structure under operational conditions and further improve transport and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhan Liu
- Department of PhysicsNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
| | | | | | - Zhenxian Liu
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607‐7059USA
| | - SuYin Grass Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation SourcesUniversity of ChicagoArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- Center for Advanced Radiation SourcesUniversity of ChicagoArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation SourcesUniversity of ChicagoArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Vitali Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation SourcesUniversity of ChicagoArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Xiangpeng Luo
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109‐1040USA
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109‐1040USA
| | - Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Sanjit K. Ghose
- National Synchrotron Light Source IIBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY11973USA
| | - Trevor A. Tyson
- Department of PhysicsNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
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22
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Zhou X, Mandia DJ, Park H, Balasubramanian M, Yu L, Wen J, Yakovenko A, Chung DY, Kanatzidis MG. New Compounds and Phase Selection of Nickel Sulfides via Oxidation State Control in Molten Hydroxides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13646-13654. [PMID: 34410691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molten salts are promising reaction media candidates for the discovery of novel materials; however, they offer little control over oxidation state compared to aqueous solutions. Here, we demonstrated that when two hydroxides are mixed, their melts become fluxes with tunable solubility, which are surprisingly powerful solvents for ternary chalcogenides and offer effective paths for crystal growth to new compounds. We report that precise control of the oxidation state of Ni is achievable in mixed molten LiOH/KOH to grow single crystals of all known ternary K-Ni-S compounds. It is also possible to access several new phases, including a new polytope of β-K2Ni3S4, as well as low-valence KNi4S2 and K4Ni9S11. KNi4S2 is a two-dimensional low-valence nickel-rich sulfide, and β-K2Ni3S4 has a hexagonal lattice. Moreover, using KNi4S2 as a template, we obtained a new layered binary Ni2S by topotactic deintercalation of K. The new binary Ni2S has a van der Waals gap and can function as a new host layer for intercalation chemistry, as demonstrated by the intercalation of LiOH between its layers. The oxidation states of low-valence KNi4S2 and Ni2S were studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations showed large antibonding interactions at the Fermi level for both KNi4S2 and Ni2S, corresponding to the flat-bands with large Ni-dx2-y2 character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuquan Zhou
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David J Mandia
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hyowon Park
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrey Yakovenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Balasubramanian M, Sangha KK. Integrating Capabilities and Ecosystem Services Approaches to evaluate Indigenous connections with nature in a global biodiversity hotspot of Western Ghats, India. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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24
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Zhu Y, Yuk SF, Zheng J, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Szanyi J, Kovarik L, Zhu Z, Balasubramanian M, Glezakou VA, Fulton JL, Lercher JA, Rousseau R, Gutiérrez OY. Environment of Metal–O–Fe Bonds Enabling High Activity in CO2 Reduction on Single Metal Atoms and on Supported Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5540-5549. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Janos Szanyi
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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25
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Shiery RC, Fulton JL, Balasubramanian M, Nguyen MT, Lu JB, Li J, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA, Cantu DC. Coordination Sphere of Lanthanide Aqua Ions Resolved with Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3117-3130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Shiery
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - David C. Cantu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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26
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Lun Z, Ouyang B, Kwon DH, Ha Y, Foley EE, Huang TY, Cai Z, Kim H, Balasubramanian M, Sun Y, Huang J, Tian Y, Kim H, McCloskey BD, Yang W, Clément RJ, Ji H, Ceder G. Cation-disordered rocksalt-type high-entropy cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat Mater 2021; 20:214-221. [PMID: 33046857 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy (HE) ceramics, by analogy with HE metallic alloys, are an emerging class of solid solutions composed of a large number of species. These materials offer the benefit of large compositional flexibility and can be used in a wide variety of applications, including thermoelectrics, catalysts, superionic conductors and battery electrodes. We show here that the HE concept can lead to very substantial improvements in performance in battery cathodes. Among lithium-ion cathodes, cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX)-type materials are an ideal platform within which to design HE materials because of their demonstrated chemical flexibility. By comparing a group of DRX cathodes containing two, four or six transition metal (TM) species, we show that short-range order systematically decreases, whereas energy density and rate capability systematically increase, as more TM cation species are mixed together, despite the total metal content remaining fixed. A DRX cathode with six TM species achieves 307 mAh g-1 (955 Wh kg-1) at a low rate (20 mA g-1), and retains more than 170 mAh g-1 when cycling at a high rate of 2,000 mA g-1. To facilitate further design in this HE DRX space, we also present a compatibility analysis of 23 different TM ions, and successfully synthesize a phase-pure HE DRX compound containing 12 TM species as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emily E Foley
- Materials Department, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tzu-Yang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zijian Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yaosen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Haegyeom Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Huiwen Ji
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The Ce3+/Ce4+ redox potential changes with the electrolyte, which could be due to unequal anion complexation free energies between Ce3+ and Ce4+ or a change in the solvent electrostatic screening. Ce complexation with anions and solvent screening also affect the solubility of Ce and charge transfer kinetics for electrochemical reactions involving waste remediation and energy storage. We report the structures and free energies of cerium complexes in seven acidic electrolytes based on Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, UV-vis, and Density Functional Theory calculations. Ce3+ coordinates with nine water molecules as [Ce(H2O)9]3+ in all studied electrolytes. However, Ce4+ complexes with anions in all electrolytes except HClO4. Thus, our results suggest that Ce4+-anion complexation leads to the large shifts in standard redox potential. Long range screening effects are smaller than the anion complexation energies but could be responsible for changes in the Ce solubility with acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin A Buchanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eunbyeol Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Spencer Cira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Bryan R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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28
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Higgins LJR, Sahle CJ, Balasubramanian M, Mishra B. X-ray Raman scattering for bulk chemical and structural insight into green carbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18435-18446. [PMID: 32776038 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy is an emerging inelastic scattering technique which uses hard X-rays to study the X-ray absorption edges of low-Z elements (e.g. C, N, O) in bulk. This study applies XRS spectroscopy to pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons. These materials are thermochemically-produced carbon from renewable resources and represent a route for the sustainable production of carbon materials for many applications. Results confirm local structural differences between biomass-derived (Oak, Quercus Ilex) pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbon. In comparison with NEXAFS, XRS spectroscopy has been shown to be more resilient to experimental artefacts such as self-absorption. Density functional theory XRS calculations of potential structural sub-units confirm that hydrothermal carbon is a highly disordered carbon material formed principally of furan units linked by the α carbon atoms. Comparison of two pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C and 650 °C) shows the development of an increasingly condensed carbon structure. Based on our results, we have proposed a semi-quantitative route to pyrolysis condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J R Higgins
- School of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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29
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Cordova EA, Garayburu-Caruso V, Pearce CI, Cantrell KJ, Morad JW, Gillispie EC, Riley BJ, Colon FC, Levitskaia TG, Saslow SA, Qafoku O, Resch CT, Rigali MJ, Szecsody JE, Heald SM, Balasubramanian M, Meyers P, Freedman VL. Hybrid Sorbents for 129I Capture from Contaminated Groundwater. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:26113-26126. [PMID: 32421326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine (129I) poses a risk to the environment due to its long half-life, toxicity, and mobility. It is found at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site due to legacy releases of nuclear wastes to the subsurface where 129I is predominantly present as iodate (IO3-). To date, a cost-effective and scalable cleanup technology for 129I has not been identified, with hydraulic containment implemented as the remedial approach. Here, novel high-performing sorbents for 129I remediation with the capacity to reduce 129I concentrations to or below the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standard and procedures to deploy them in an ex-situ pump and treat (P&T) system are introduced. This includes implementation of hybridized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads for ex-situ remediation of IO3--contaminated groundwater for the first time. Iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide and bismuth (Bi) oxyhydroxide sorbents were deployed on silica substrates or encapsulated in porous PAN beads. In addition, Fe-, cerium (Ce)-, and Bi-oxyhydroxides were encapsulated with anion-exchange resins. The PAN-bismuth oxyhydroxide and PAN-ferrihydrite composites along with Fe- and Ce-based hybrid anion-exchange resins performed well in batch sorption experiments with distribution coefficients for IO3- of >1000 mL/g and rapid removal kinetics. Of the tested materials, the Ce-based hybrid anion-exchange resin was the most efficient for removal of IO3- from Hanford groundwater in a column system, with 50% breakthrough occurring at 324 pore volumes. The functional amine groups on the parent resin and amount of active sorbent in the resin can be customized to improve the iodine loading capacity. These results highlight the potential for IO3- remediation by hybrid sorbents and represent a benchmark for the implementation of commercially available materials to meet EPA standards for cleanup of 129I in a large-scale P&T system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vanessa Garayburu-Caruso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kirk J Cantrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Gillispie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ferdinan Cintron Colon
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Charles T Resch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Peter Meyers
- Resin Tech, West Berlin, New Jersey 08091, United States
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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30
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Pearce CI, Cordova EA, Garcia WL, Saslow SA, Cantrell KJ, Morad JW, Qafoku O, Matyáš J, Plymale AE, Chatterjee S, Kang J, Colon FC, Levitskaia TG, Rigali MJ, Szecsody JE, Heald SM, Balasubramanian M, Wang S, Sun DT, Queen WL, Bontchev R, Moore RC, Freedman VL. Evaluation of materials for iodine and technetium immobilization through sorption and redox-driven processes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:136167. [PMID: 31955840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-129 (129I) and technetium-99 (99Tc) pose a risk to groundwater due to their long half-lives, toxicity, and high environmental mobility. Based on literature reviewed in Moore et al. (2019) and Pearce et al. (2019), natural and engineered materials, including iron oxides, low-solubility sulfides, tin-based materials, bismuth-based materials, organoclays, and metal organic frameworks, were tested for potential use as a deployed technology for the treatment of 129I and 99Tc to reduce environmental mobility. Materials were evaluated with metrics including capacity for IO3- and TcO4- uptake, selectivity and long-term immobilization potential. Batch testing was used to determine IO3- and TcO4- sorption under aerobic conditions for each material in synthetic groundwater at different solution to solid ratios. Material association with IO3- and TcO4- was spatially resolved using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe mapping. The potential for redox reactions was assessed using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Of the materials tested, bismuth oxy(hydroxide) and ferrihydrite performed the best for IO3-. The commercial Purolite A530E anion-exchange resin outperformed all materials in its sorption capacity for TcO4-. Tin-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, but immobilized TcO4- via reductive precipitation. Bismuth-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, though slightly lower than the tin-based materials, but did not immobilize TcO4- by a redox-drive process, mitigating potential negative re-oxidation effects over longer time periods under oxic conditions. Cationic metal organic frameworks and polymer networks had high Tc removal capacity, with TcO4- trapped within the framework of the sorbent material. Although organoclays did not have the highest capacity for IO3- and TcO4- removal in batch experiments, they are available commercially in large quantities, are relatively low cost and have low environmental impact, so were investigated in column experiments, demonstrating scale-up and removal of IO3- and TcO4- via sorption, and reductive immobilization with iron- and sulfur-based species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Kirk J Cantrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Josef Matyáš
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew E Plymale
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jaehyuk Kang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States of America
| | | | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daniel T Sun
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Wendy L Queen
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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31
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Sharifi-Asl S, Yurkiv V, Gutierrez A, Cheng M, Balasubramanian M, Mashayek F, Croy J, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Revealing Grain-Boundary-Induced Degradation Mechanisms in Li-Rich Cathode Materials. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1208-1217. [PMID: 31869569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high energy densities, Li- and Mn-rich, layered-layered, xLi2MnO3·(1 - x)LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Mn, Co) (LMR-NMC) cathodes require further development in order to overcome issues related to bulk and surface instabilities such as Mn dissolution, impedance rise, and voltage fade. One promising strategy to modify LMR-NMC properties has been the incorporation of spinel-type, local domains to create "layered-layered-spinel" cathodes. However, precise control of local structure and composition, as well as subsequent characterization of such materials, is challenging and elucidating structure-property relationships is not trivial. Therefore, detailed studies of atomic structures within these materials are still critical to their development. Herein, aberration corrected-scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) is utilized to study atomic structures, prior to and subsequent to electrochemical cycling, of LMR-NMC materials having integrated spinel-type components. The results demonstrate that strained grain boundaries with various atomic configurations, including spinel-type structures, can exist. These high energy boundaries appear to induce cracking and promote dissolution of Mn by increasing the contact surface area to electrolyte as well as migration of Ni during cycling, thereby accelerating performance degradation. These results present insights into the important role that local structures can play in the macroscopic degradation of the cathode structures and reiterate the complexity of how synthesis and composition affect structure-electrochemical property relationships of advanced cathode designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Sharifi-Asl
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Vitaliy Yurkiv
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Arturo Gutierrez
- Chemical Science and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60561 , United States
| | - Meng Cheng
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | | | - Farzad Mashayek
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Jason Croy
- Chemical Science and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60561 , United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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32
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Vasanthselvakumar R, Balasubramanian M, Sathiya S. Automatic Detection and Classification of Chronic Kidney Diseases Using CNN Architecture. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1097-7_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Duignan TT, Schenter GK, Fulton JL, Huthwelker T, Balasubramanian M, Galib M, Baer MD, Wilhelm J, Hutter J, Del Ben M, Zhao XS, Mundy CJ. Quantifying the hydration structure of sodium and potassium ions: taking additional steps on Jacob's Ladder. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10641-10652. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reproduce the experimental structure of water around the sodium and potassium ions is a key test of the quality of interaction potentials due to the central importance of these ions in a wide range of important phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Duignan
- Physical Science Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - John L. Fulton
- Physical Science Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | | | - Mirza Galib
- Physical Science Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Marcel D. Baer
- Physical Science Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Jan Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Institute of Theoretical Physics
| | - Jürg Hutter
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Mauro Del Ben
- Computational Research Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - X. S. Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Christopher J. Mundy
- Physical Science Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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34
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Lun Z, Ouyang B, Cai Z, Clément RJ, Kwon DH, Huang J, Papp JK, Balasubramanian M, Tian Y, McCloskey BD, Ji H, Kim H, Kitchaev DA, Ceder G. Design Principles for High-Capacity Mn-Based Cation-Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Chen B, Pärschke EM, Chen WC, Scoggins B, Li B, Balasubramanian M, Heald S, Zhang J, Deng H, Sereika R, Sorb Y, Yin X, Bi Y, Jin K, Wu Q, Chen CC, Ding Y, Mao HK. Probing Cerium 4 f States across the Volume Collapse Transition by X-ray Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7890-7897. [PMID: 31815485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the volume collapse phenomena in rare-earth materials remains an important challenge due to a lack of information on 4f electronic structures at different pressures. Here, we report the first high-pressure inelastic X-ray scattering measurement on elemental cerium (Ce) metal. By overcoming the ultralow signal issue in the X-ray measurement at the Ce N4,5-edge, we observe the changes of unoccupied 4f states across the volume collapse transition around 0.8 GPa. To help resolve the longstanding debate on the Anderson-Kondo and Mott-Hubbard models, we further compare the experiments with extended multiplet calculations that treat both screening channels on equal footing. The results indicate that a modest change in the 4f-5d Kondo coupling can well describe the spectral redistribution across the volume collapse, whereas the hybridization between neighboring atoms in the Hubbard model appears to play a minor role. Our study helps to constrain the theoretical models and opens a promising new route for systematic investigation of volume collapse phenomena in rare-earth materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijuan Chen
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Ekaterina M Pärschke
- Department of Physics , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Physics , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Brandon Scoggins
- Department of Physics , University of North Georgia , Dahlonega , Georgia 30533 , United States
| | - Bing Li
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | | | - Steve Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Hongshan Deng
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Raimundas Sereika
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Yesudhas Sorb
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Xia Yin
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Ke Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics , Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics , Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Cheng-Chien Chen
- Department of Physics , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Yang Ding
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High-Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Beijing 100094 , P.R. China
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington , D.C . 20015 , United States
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36
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Khoury JF, He J, Pfluger JE, Hadar I, Balasubramanian M, Stoumpos CC, Zu R, Gopalan V, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis MG. Ir 6In 32S 21, a polar, metal-rich semiconducting subchalcogenide. Chem Sci 2019; 11:870-878. [PMID: 34123065 PMCID: PMC8146499 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subchalcogenides are uncommon, and their chemical bonding results from an interplay between metal-metal and metal-chalcogenide interactions. Herein, we present Ir6In32S21, a novel semiconducting subchalcogenide compound that crystallizes in a new structure type in the polar P31m space group, with unit cell parameters a = 13.9378(12) Å, c = 8.2316(8) Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°. The compound has a large band gap of 1.48(2) eV, and photoemission and Kelvin probe measurements corroborate this semiconducting behavior with a valence band maximum (VBM) of -4.95(5) eV, conduction band minimum of -3.47(5) eV, and a photoresponse shift of the Fermi level by ∼0.2 eV in the presence of white light. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows absorption edges for In and Ir do not indicate clear oxidation states, suggesting that the numerous coordination environments of Ir6In32S21 make such assignments ambiguous. Electronic structure calculations confirm the semiconducting character with a nearly direct band gap, and electron localization function (ELF) analysis suggests that the origin of the gap is the result of electron transfer from the In atoms to the S 3p and Ir 5d orbitals. DFT calculations indicate that the average hole effective masses near the VBM (1.19m e) are substantially smaller than the average electron masses near the CBM (2.51m e), an unusual feature for most semiconductors. The crystal and electronic structure of Ir6In32S21, along with spectroscopic data, suggest that it is neither a true intermetallic nor a classical semiconductor, but somewhere in between those two extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Khoury
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Jiangang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Jonathan E Pfluger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Ido Hadar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | | | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Voutes Campus, University of Crete Heraklion GR-70013 Greece
| | - Rui Zu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA.,Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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37
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Balasubramanian M, Davda L, Short SD, Gallagher JE. Moving from advocacy to activism? The fourth WHO global forum on human resources for health and implications for dentistry. Br Dent J 2019; 225:119-122. [PMID: 30050220 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As we debate shaping the future oral health workforce within the UK, to meet the needs of current and future populations, it is helpful to take an international perspective on this very important issue. Globally, there is a strong recognition that human resources for health (HRH) are fundamentally important to deliver effective care, accessible to all people. This paper reviews the outcome of the fourth global forum held by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Dublin which highlighted the urgency for action. The main objectives of the forum were to advance the implementation of (i) the WHO Global Strategy on HRH 2030 and (ii) the United Nations High-Level Commission's Health Employment and Economic Growth recommendations. From an oral health perspective, the global burden of oral disease remains huge with untreated dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss ranking among the most prevalent conditions worldwide. Major considerations are how dental education, practice delivery and/or oral health systems as a whole could and should innovate to accommodate the growing needs of the population. As dental professionals, it also becomes necessary for us to engage and play a proactive role in this change process. Due to growing differences between population needs and available services, it is necessary for oral health personnel to work more closely with the broader health workforce so as to identify solutions that are in the best interests of the patients and populations at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Dental School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Australia.,Population and Patient Health, Kings College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - L Davda
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - S D Short
- Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney Australia; Sydney Asia Pacific Migration Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J E Gallagher
- Population and Patient Health, Kings College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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38
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Balasubramanian M. Economic value of regulating ecosystem services: a comprehensive at the global level review. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:616. [PMID: 31493130 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first meta-regression analysis of the economic value of regulating ecosystem services at the global level. Most of the regulating ecosystem services have not been properly estimated in terms of economic value and are also ignored in the everyday decision-making process. This study has reviewed 100 publications and included 275 economic value estimates. This study includes explanatory variables in the meta-analysis to account for these influences on the estimated economic value of regulating ecosystem services. This study has estimated the economic value of regulating ecosystem services at US$29.085 trillion for 2015. This study also has found that the values of climate and water regulations are the highest contributors to the total value of regulating ecosystem services. This study indicates that the results of meta-analysis might be helpful to decision-making with respect to three aspects: first, planning and management of urban green cover for sustainable cities; second, integration of the economic value of all the regulating ecosystem services; third, budget allocation for conservation and improvement of regulating ecosystem services for the present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balasubramanian
- Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 072, India.
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39
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Kottwitz M, Li Y, Palomino RM, Liu Z, Wang G, Wu Q, Huang J, Timoshenko J, Senanayake SD, Balasubramanian M, Lu D, Nuzzo RG, Frenkel AI. Local Structure and Electronic State of Atomically Dispersed Pt Supported on Nanosized CeO2. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kottwitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert M. Palomino
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangjin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Deyu Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ralph G. Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinasväg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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40
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Rashad M, Sabu U, Logesh G, Balasubramanian M. Development of porous mullite and mullite-Al2O3 composite for microfiltration membrane applications. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C. Linehan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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42
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Krishnaraj L, Kumar VP, Balasubramanian M, Kumar N, Shyamala T. Futuristic evaluation of building energy simulation model with comparison of conventional villas. International Journal of Construction Management 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2019.1579968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Krishnaraj
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V.R. Prasath Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Balasubramanian
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Green Sketch Consultants, Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Shyamala
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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43
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Balasubramanian M, Jenkins T, Kirk R, Nesbitt I, Olpin S, Hill M, Gillett G. Response to Finsterer: CPT-II deficiency needs to be detected in army personnel. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 16:12. [PMID: 29992091 PMCID: PMC6035911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T.M. Jenkins
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R.J. Kirk
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - I.M. Nesbitt
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S.E. Olpin
- Department of Biochemistry, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M. Hill
- Inherited Metabolic Disease Clinic, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - G.T. Gillett
- Inherited Metabolic Disease Clinic, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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44
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Lee J, Kitchaev DA, Kwon DH, Lee CW, Papp JK, Liu YS, Lun Z, Clément RJ, Shi T, McCloskey BD, Guo J, Balasubramanian M, Ceder G. Reversible Mn 2+/Mn 4+ double redox in lithium-excess cathode materials. Nature 2018; 556:185-190. [PMID: 29643482 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for low-cost, resource-friendly, high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the rapidly increasing need for electrical energy storage. To replace the nickel and cobalt, which are limited resources and are associated with safety problems, in current lithium-ion batteries, high-capacity cathodes based on manganese would be particularly desirable owing to the low cost and high abundance of the metal, and the intrinsic stability of the Mn4+ oxidation state. Here we present a strategy of combining high-valent cations and the partial substitution of fluorine for oxygen in a disordered-rocksalt structure to incorporate the reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox couple into lithium-excess cathode materials. The lithium-rich cathodes thus produced have high capacity and energy density. The use of the Mn2+/Mn4+ redox reduces oxygen redox activity, thereby stabilizing the materials, and opens up new opportunities for the design of high-performance manganese-rich cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Daniil A Kitchaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Wook Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Joseph K Papp
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Raphaële J Clément
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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45
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Wang H, Friedrich S, Li L, Mao Z, Ge P, Balasubramanian M, Patil DS. L-edge sum rule analysis on 3d transition metal sites: from d 10 to d 0 and towards application to extremely dilute metallo-enzymes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8166-8176. [PMID: 29521394 PMCID: PMC5895852 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to L-edge sum rules, the number of 3d vacancies at a transition metal site is directly proportional to the integrated intensity of the L-edge X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) for the corresponding metal complex. In this study, the numbers of 3d holes are characterized quantitatively or semi-quantitatively for a series of manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) complexes, including the electron configurations 3d10→ 3d0. In addition, extremely dilute (<0.1% wt/wt) Ni enzymes were examined by two different approaches: (1) by using a high resolution superconducting tunnel junction X-ray detector to obtain XAS spectra with a very high signal-to-noise ratio, especially in the non-variant edge jump region; and (2) by adding an inert tracer to the sample that provides a prominent spectral feature to replace the weak edge jump for intensity normalization. In this publication, we present for the first time: (1) L-edge sum rule analysis for a series of Mn and Ni complexes that include electron configurations from an open shell 3d0 to a closed shell 3d10; (2) a systematic analysis on the uncertainties, especially on that from the edge jump, which was missing in all previous reports; (3) a clearly-resolved edge jump between pre-L3 and post-L2 regions from an extremely dilute sample; (4) an evaluation of an alternative normalization standard for L-edge sum rule analysis. XAS from two copper (Cu) proteins measured using a conventional semiconductor X-ray detector are also repeated as bridges between Ni complexes and dilute Ni enzymes. The differences between measuring 1% Cu enzymes and measuring <0.1% Ni enzymes are compared and discussed. This study extends L-edge sum rule analysis to virtually any 3d metal complex and any dilute biological samples that contain 3d metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Advanced Detectors Group, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Synchrotron Radiation Nanotechnology Center, University of Hyogo, 1-490-2 Kouto, Shingu-cho, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Ziliang Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Pinghua Ge
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Daulat S Patil
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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46
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Kim H, Choi WI, Jang Y, Balasubramanian M, Lee W, Park GO, Park SB, Yoo J, Hong JS, Choi YS, Lee HS, Bae IT, Kim JM, Yoon WS. Exceptional Lithium Storage in a Co(OH) 2 Anode: Hydride Formation. ACS Nano 2018; 12:2909-2921. [PMID: 29480713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current lithium ion battery technology is tied in with conventional reaction mechanisms such as insertion, conversion, and alloying reactions even though most future applications like EVs demand much higher energy densities than current ones. Exploring the exceptional reaction mechanism and related electrode materials can be critical for pushing current battery technology to a next level. Here, we introduce an exceptional reaction with a Co(OH)2 material which exhibits an initial charge capacity of 1112 mAh g-1, about twice its theoretical value based on known conventional conversion reaction, and retains its first cycle capacity after 30 cycles. The combined results of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that nanosized Co metal particles and LiOH are generated by conversion reaction at high voltages, and Co xH y, Li2O, and LiH are subsequently formed by hydride reaction between Co metal, LiOH, and other lithium species at low voltages, resulting in a anomalously high capacity beyond the theoretical capacity of Co(OH)2. This is further corroborated by AIMD simulations, localized STEM, and XPS. These findings will provide not only further understanding of exceptional lithium storage of recent nanostructured materials but also valuable guidance to develop advanced electrode materials with high energy density for next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woon Ih Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics , 130 Samsung-ro , Suwon 16678 , South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Seok Hong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics , 130 Samsung-ro , Suwon 16678 , South Korea
| | - Youn-Suk Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics , 130 Samsung-ro , Suwon 16678 , South Korea
| | - Hyo Sug Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics , 130 Samsung-ro , Suwon 16678 , South Korea
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47
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Amarasena N, Keuskamp D, Balasubramanian M, Brennan DS. Health behaviours and quality of life in independently living South Australians aged 75 years or older. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:156-162. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Amarasena
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; Adelaide Dental School; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - D Keuskamp
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; Adelaide Dental School; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; Adelaide Dental School; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health District; NSW Health; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - DS Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; Adelaide Dental School; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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48
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Suchitra MR, Vadivel S, Balasubramanian M, Parthasarathy S. A Study of Awareness about �Nutrition in Hypertension� among College Teachers in a Semi Urban Town of South India. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 2018. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2018/18902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Balasubramanian M, Jenkins TM, Kirk RJ, Nesbitt IM, Olpin SE, Hill M, Gillett GT. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis caused by carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, common but under-recognised: Lessons to be learnt. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:69-70. [PMID: 29744303 PMCID: PMC5938603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss two adult siblings who presented with symptoms of myalgia and rhabdomyolysis following exercise with myoglobinuria; genetic testing confirmed carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency and resulted in institution of appropriate crisis management and dietary advice. We explore the phenotypic variability of this commonest fatty oxidation defect that remains under-diagnosed in the adult population and provide clues for early recognition and diagnosis. CPT II deficiency should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in individuals presenting with recurrent or even single attacks of muscle weakness. If the clinical history includes ‘unexplained’ rhabdomyolysis, clinicians should have a low threshold to perform plasma acylcarnitine analysis as a first line investigation, especially in the context of elevated CK. Confirmatory diagnosis is by identification of disease-causing variants in CPT2 through targeted testing. It is important that these individuals have specialist dietary advice and annual monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T M Jenkins
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Kirk
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - I M Nesbitt
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S E Olpin
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Hill
- Inherited Metabolic Disease Clinic, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - G T Gillett
- Inherited Metabolic Disease Clinic, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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