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Ilic J, Djekic I, Tomasevic I, van den Berg M, Oosterlinck F. Beef and plant-based burgers' mastication parameters depend on texture rather than on serving conditions. J Texture Stud 2023. [PMID: 37114586 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies dealing with plant-based meat analogs confirmed the potential of oral processing methods to identify options for improving those products. Knowing that sensory perception can be influenced by adding condiments, this short communication aimed to investigate the texture and oral processing of four plant-based burger analogs and a beef burger when consumed in portions or as part of model meals with buns and sides. Texture profile analysis indicated that beef burgers and analog E were the toughest. Two analogs (B and S) showed textures close to beef, while one (analog D) displayed significantly lower values for hardness, toughness, cohesiveness, and springiness. The instrumental data was only partly reflected in the mastication parameters. Adaptations in mastication behavior were expected, but differences between the plant-based analogs were smaller than anticipated, although clear differences were observed for consumption time, number of chews and number of swallows. On the whole, mastication patterns concurred within different consumption scenarios (portions, model burgers), and significant correlations with instrumental texture were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Ilic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL), Quakenbrück, Germany
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2
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Gasparre N, van den Berg M, Oosterlinck F, Sein A. High-Moisture Shear Processes: Molecular Changes of Wheat Gluten and Potential Plant-Based Proteins for Its Replacement. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185855. [PMID: 36144595 PMCID: PMC9504627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a growing offering of plant-based meat alternatives is available in the food market. Technologically, these products are produced through high-moisture shear technology. Process settings and material composition have a significant impact on the physicochemical characteristics of the final products. Throughout the process, the unfolded protein chains may be reduced, or associate in larger structures, creating rearrangement and cross-linking during the cooling stage. Generally, soy and pea proteins are the most used ingredients in plant-based meat analogues. Nevertheless, these proteins have shown poorer results with respect to the typical fibrousness and juiciness found in real meat. To address this limitation, wheat gluten is often incorporated into the formulations. This literature review highlights the key role of wheat gluten in creating products with higher anisotropy. The generation of new disulfide bonds after the addition of wheat gluten is critical to achieve the sought-after fibrous texture, whereas its incompatibility with the other protein phase present in the system is critical for the structuring process. However, allergenicity problems related to wheat gluten require alternatives, hence an evaluation of underutilized plant-based proteins has been carried out to identify those that potentially can imitate wheat gluten behavior during high-moisture shear processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gasparre
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Food Science Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/Agustin Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco van den Berg
- Center for Food Innovation DSM Food & Beverage, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Oosterlinck
- Center for Food Innovation DSM Food & Beverage, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sein
- Center for Food Innovation DSM Food & Beverage, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
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3
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Sleegers N, van Nuijs ALN, van den Berg M, De Wael K. Electrochemistry of Intact Versus Degraded Cephalosporin Antibiotics Facilitated by LC-MS Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2394-2402. [PMID: 33393285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical detection of cephalosporins is a promising approach for the monitoring of cephalosporin levels in process waters. However, this class of antibiotics, like penicillins, is composed of chemically active molecules and susceptible to hydrolysis and aminolysis of the four membered β-lactam ring present. In order to develop a smart monitoring strategy for cephalosporins, the influence of degradation (hydrolysis and aminolysis) on the electrochemical fingerprint has to be taken into account. Therefore, an investigation was carried out to understand the changes of the voltammetric fingerprints upon acidic and alkaline degradation. Changes in fingerprints were correlated to the degradation pathways through the combination of square wave voltammetry and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight analysis. The characteristic electrochemical signals of the β-lactam ring disappeared upon hydrolysis. Additional oxidation signals that appeared after degradation were elucidated and linked to different degradation products, and therefore, enrich the voltammetric fingerprints with information of the state of the cephalosporins. The applicability of the electrochemical monitoring system was explored by the analysis of the intact and degraded industrial process waters containing the key intermediate 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA). Clearly, the intact process samples exhibited the expected core signals of 7-ADCA and could be quantified, while the degraded samples only showed the newly formed degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Sleegers
- AXES Research Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicological Centre, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Diez-Simon C, Ammerlaan B, van den Berg M, van Duynhoven J, Jacobs D, Mumm R, Hall RD. Comparison of volatile trapping techniques for the comprehensive analysis of food flavourings by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461191. [PMID: 32540059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trapping volatiles is a convenient way to study aroma compounds but it is important to determine which volatile trapping method is most comprehensive in extracting the most relevant aroma components when investigating complex food products. Awareness of their limitations is also crucial. (Un)targeted metabolomic approaches were used to determine the volatile profiles of two commercial flavourings. Four trapping techniques were tested as was the addition of salt to the mixture. Comprehensiveness and repeatability were compared and SBSE proved particularly suitable for extracting components such as polysulfides, pyrazines and terpene alcohols, and provided an overall broader chemical spectrum. SPME proved to be more suitable in extracting sesquiterpenes and DHS in extracting monoterpenes. Adding salt to the sample had only quantitative effects on volatiles as detected by SPME. These results help clarify the advantages and limitations of different trapping techniques and hence deliver a valuable decision tool for food matrix analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diez-Simon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda Ammerlaan
- DSM Food Specialties, Biotech campus Delft, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, Delft 2613 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van den Berg
- DSM Food Specialties, Biotech campus Delft, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, Delft 2613 AX, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Jacobs
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Mumm
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands; Wageningen Research (Bioscience), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands; Wageningen Research (Bioscience), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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5
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Tian L, Scholte J, Scheurink AJW, van den Berg M, Bruggeman G, Bruininx E, de Vos P, Schols HA, Gruppen H. Effect of oat and soybean rich in distinct non-starch polysaccharides on fermentation, appetite regulation and fat accumulation in rat. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:515-521. [PMID: 31394148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) is associated with reduced risk of obesity. This study aimed to compare the effects of cereals (oats) and legumes (soybean), rich in different classes of NSP, on appetite regulation and fat accumulation in rats. Soy pectin fermented more efficient than cereal arabinoxylan in rats. Soy pectin and oat β-glucan were utilized mainly in the caecum of rats. Only small amount of maltodextrin, cello-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides were detected in the digesta. Caecal fermentation of soy pectin produced significantly higher concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to the control. Retroperitoneal (RP) fat-pad weight was significantly lower for rats fed with soybean meal enriched diet than for controls. An inverse correlation between rat RP fat-pad weight and concentration (and proportion) of butyrate was observed. Consumption of soy pectin and oat β-glucan enriched foods to produce targeted SCFAs in vivo could be a potential strategy to lower fat mass accumulation and a potential tool to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jan Scholte
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik Bruininx
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Sleegers N, van Nuijs AL, van den Berg M, De Wael K. Cephalosporin Antibiotics: Electrochemical Fingerprints and Core Structure Reactions Investigated by LC–MS/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2035-2041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Sleegers
- Chemistry Department, AXES Research Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L.N. van Nuijs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicological Centre, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Karolien De Wael
- Chemistry Department, AXES Research Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Sahasrabudhe NM, Beukema M, Tian L, Troost B, Scholte J, Bruininx E, Bruggeman G, van den Berg M, Scheurink A, Schols HA, Faas MM, de Vos P. Dietary Fiber Pectin Directly Blocks Toll-Like Receptor 2-1 and Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Ileitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:383. [PMID: 29545800 PMCID: PMC5839092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrate fibers are known to prevent immunological diseases common in Western countries such as allergy and asthma but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Until now beneficial effects of dietary fibers are mainly attributed to fermentation products of the fibers such as anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Here, we found and present a new mechanism by which dietary fibers can be anti-inflammatory: a commonly consumed fiber, pectin, blocks innate immune receptors. We show that pectin binds and inhibits, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and specifically inhibits the proinflammatory TLR2-TLR1 pathway while the tolerogenic TLR2-TLR6 pathway remains unaltered. This effect is most pronounced with pectins having a low degree of methyl esterification (DM). Low-DM pectin interacts with TLR2 through electrostatic forces between non-esterified galacturonic acids on the pectin and positive charges on the TLR2 ectodomain, as confirmed by testing pectin binding on mutated TLR2. The anti-inflammatory effect of low-DM pectins was first studied in human dendritic cells and mouse macrophages in vitro and was subsequently tested in vivo in TLR2-dependent ileitis in a mouse model. In these mice, ileitis was prevented by pectin administration. Protective effects were shown to be TLR2-TLR1 dependent and independent of the SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota. These data suggest that low-DM pectins as a source of dietary fiber can reduce inflammation through direct interaction with TLR2-TLR1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Sahasrabudhe
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Berit Troost
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Scholte
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Neuroendocrinology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erik Bruininx
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anton Scheurink
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Neuroendocrinology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Akeroyd M, van Zandycke S, den Hartog J, Mutsaers J, Edens L, van den Berg M, Christis C. AN-PEP, Proline-Specific Endopeptidase, Degrades All Known Immunostimulatory Gluten Peptides in Beer Made from Barley Malt. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2016-2300-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luppo Edens
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Tian L, Bruggeman G, van den Berg M, Borewicz K, Scheurink AJW, Bruininx E, de Vos P, Smidt H, Schols HA, Gruppen H. Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27198846 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. LMP, HMP, and aSBM decreased the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and increased that of Prevotella in the colon. CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bruininx
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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de Boer P, Bronkhof J, Dukiќ K, Kerkman R, Touw H, van den Berg M, Offringa R. Efficient gene targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum using novel Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approaches. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 61:9-14. [PMID: 23994321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics by Penicillium chrysogenum has increased tremendously over the last decades, however, further optimization via classical strain and process improvement has reached its limits. The availability of the genome sequence provides new opportunities for directed strain improvement, but this requires the establishment of an efficient gene targeting (GT) system. Recently, mutations affecting the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway were shown to increase GT efficiencies following PEG-mediated DNA transfer in P. chrysogenum from 1% to 50%. Apart from direct DNA transfer many fungi can efficiently be transformed using the T-DNA transfer system of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, for P. chrysogenum no robust system for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was available. We obtained efficient AMT of P. chrysogenum spores with the nourseothricin acetyltransferase gene as selection marker, and using this system we investigated if AMT in a NHEJ mutant background could further enhance GT efficiencies. In general, AMT resulted in higher GT efficiencies than direct DNA transfer, although the final frequencies depended on the Agrobacterium strain and plasmid backbone used. Providing overlapping and complementing fragments on two different plasmid backbones via the same Agrobacterium host was shown to be most effective. This so-called split-marker or bi-partite method resulted in highly efficient GT (>97%) almost exclusively without additional ectopic T-DNA insertions. As this method provides for an efficient GT method independent of protoplasts, it can be applied to other fungi for which no protoplasts can be generated or for which protoplast transformation leads to varying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Boer
- Add2X Biosciences B.V., Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Börgel D, van den Berg M, Hüller T, Andrea H, Liebisch G, Boles E, Schorsch C, van der Pol R, Arink A, Boogers I, van der Hoeven R, Korevaar K, Farwick M, Köhler T, Schaffer S. Metabolic engineering of the non-conventional yeast Pichia ciferrii for production of rare sphingoid bases. Metab Eng 2012; 14:412-26. [PMID: 22449569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the identification of sphingolipid biosynthesis genes in the non-conventional yeast Pichia ciferrii, the development of tools for its genetic modification as well as their application for metabolic engineering of P. ciferrii with the goal to generate strains capable of producing the rare sphingoid bases sphinganine and sphingosine. Several canonical genes encoding ceramide synthase (encoded by PcLAG1 and PcLAF1), alkaline ceramidase (PcYXC1) and sphingolipid C-4-hydroxylase(PcSYR2), as well as structural genes for dihydroceramide Δ(4)-desaturase (PcDES1) and sphingolipid Δ(8)-desaturase (PcSLD1) were identified, indicating that P. ciferrii would be capable of synthesizing desaturated sphingoid bases, a property not ubiquitously found in yeasts. In order to convert the phytosphingosine-producing P. ciferrii wildtype into a strain capable of producing predominantly sphinganine, Syringomycin E-resistant mutants were isolated. A stable mutant almost exclusively producing high levels of acetylated sphinganine was obtained and used as the base strain for further metabolic engineering. A metabolic pathway required for the three-step conversion of sphinganine to sphingosine was implemented in the sphinganine producing P. ciferrii strain and subsequently enhanced by screening for the appropriate heterologous enzymes, improvement of gene expression and codon optimization. These combined efforts led to a strain capable of producing 240mgL(-1) triacetyl sphingosine in shake flask, with tri- and diacetyl sphinganine being the main by-products. Lab-scale fermentation of this strain resulted in production of up to 890mgkg(-1) triacetyl sphingosine. A third by-product was unequivocally identified as triacetyl sphingadienine. It could be shown that inactivation of the SLD1 gene in P. ciferrii efficiently suppresses triacetyl sphingadienine formation. Further improvement of the described P. ciferrii strains will enable a biotechnological route to produce sphinganine and sphingosine for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Börgel
- Evonik Degussa, Project House ProFerm, Creavis Technologies & Innovation, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau, Germany.
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12
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McGrath AP, Mithieux SM, Collyer CA, Bakhuis JG, van den Berg M, Sein A, Heinz A, Schmelzer C, Weiss AS, Guss JM. Structure and Activity of Aspergillus nidulans Copper Amine Oxidase. Biochemistry 2011; 50:5718-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bi200555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P. McGrath
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Mithieux
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Charles A. Collyer
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Arjen Sein
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biosciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Schmelzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biosciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J. Mitchell Guss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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de Boer P, Bastiaans J, Touw H, Kerkman R, Bronkhof J, van den Berg M, Offringa R. Highly efficient gene targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum using the bi-partite approach in deltalig4 or deltaku70 mutants. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 47:839-46. [PMID: 20659576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a well established method to increase gene targeting (GT) efficiencies in filamentous fungi. In this study we have compared the effect of inactivating the NHEJ genes ku70 or lig4 on GT in the industrial penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum. Deletion of both genes resulted in strongly increased GT efficiencies at three different loci but not higher than 70%, implying that other, yet uncharacterized, recombination pathways are still active causing a part of the DNA to be integrated via non-homologous recombination. To further increase the GT efficiency we applied the bi-partite approach, in which the DNA fragment for integration was split in two non-functional overlapping parts that via homologous recombination invivo can form a functional selection marker. The combined NHEJ mutant and bi-partite approach further increased GT frequencies up to approximately 90%, which will enable the efficient high throughput engineering of the P. chrysogenum genome. We expect that this combined approach will function with similar high efficiencies in other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Boer
- Add2X Biosciences B.V., Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Medema MH, Trefzer A, Kovalchuk A, van den Berg M, Müller U, Heijne W, Wu L, Alam MT, Ronning CM, Nierman WC, Bovenberg RAL, Breitling R, Takano E. The sequence of a 1.8-mb bacterial linear plasmid reveals a rich evolutionary reservoir of secondary metabolic pathways. Genome Biol Evol 2010; 2:212-24. [PMID: 20624727 PMCID: PMC2997539 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evq013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that play a key role in the evolution of bacteria by mediating genome plasticity and lateral transfer of useful genetic information. Although originally considered to be exclusively circular, linear plasmids have also been identified in certain bacterial phyla, notably the actinomycetes. In some cases, linear plasmids engage with chromosomes in an intricate evolutionary interplay, facilitating the emergence of new genome configurations by transfer and recombination or plasmid integration. Genome sequencing of Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064, a Gram-positive soil bacterium known for its production of a diverse array of biotechnologically important secondary metabolites, revealed a giant linear plasmid of 1.8 Mb in length. This megaplasmid (pSCL4) is one of the largest plasmids ever identified and the largest linear plasmid to be sequenced. It contains more than 20% of the putative protein-coding genes of the species, but none of these is predicted to be essential for primary metabolism. Instead, the plasmid is densely packed with an exceptionally large number of gene clusters for the potential production of secondary metabolites, including a large number of putative antibiotics, such as staurosporine, moenomycin, β-lactams, and enediynes. Interestingly, cross-regulation occurs between chromosomal and plasmid-encoded genes. Several factors suggest that the megaplasmid came into existence through recombination of a smaller plasmid with the arms of the main chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that heavy traffic of genetic information between Streptomyces plasmids and chromosomes may facilitate the rapid evolution of secondary metabolite repertoires in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix H Medema
- Department of Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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15
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Braumann I, van den Berg M, Kempken F. Transposons in biotechnologically relevant strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. Fungal Genet Biol 2007; 44:1399-414. [PMID: 17881255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, many class I and class II transposons were identified in filamentous fungi. However, little is known about the influence of transposons during industrial strain development. The availability of the complete genome sequences of the industrially relevant fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum has enabled an analysis of transposons present in these two fungi. Here, a compilation of the transposon-like sequences identified is provided. We investigated a yet undescribed A. niger retrotransposon, ANiTa1, as well as two P. chrysogenum transposons (PeTra1 and PeTra2), which are the first P. chrysogenum transposons ever described, in more detail. Analysis of the genomic distribution of selected transposable elements in five strains of A. niger and seven strains of P. chrysogenum revealed the transposon distribution to be virtually identical. However, one element, Vader-previously published-from A. niger, showed strain-specific differences in transposon distribution, suggesting transposition activity during classical strain improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Braumann
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Pel HJ, de Winde JH, Archer DB, Dyer PS, Hofmann G, Schaap PJ, Turner G, de Vries RP, Albang R, Albermann K, Andersen MR, Bendtsen JD, Benen JAE, van den Berg M, Breestraat S, Caddick MX, Contreras R, Cornell M, Coutinho PM, Danchin EGJ, Debets AJM, Dekker P, van Dijck PWM, van Dijk A, Dijkhuizen L, Driessen AJM, d'Enfert C, Geysens S, Goosen C, Groot GSP, de Groot PWJ, Guillemette T, Henrissat B, Herweijer M, van den Hombergh JPTW, van den Hondel CAMJJ, van der Heijden RTJM, van der Kaaij RM, Klis FM, Kools HJ, Kubicek CP, van Kuyk PA, Lauber J, Lu X, van der Maarel MJEC, Meulenberg R, Menke H, Mortimer MA, Nielsen J, Oliver SG, Olsthoorn M, Pal K, van Peij NNME, Ram AFJ, Rinas U, Roubos JA, Sagt CMJ, Schmoll M, Sun J, Ussery D, Varga J, Vervecken W, van de Vondervoort PJJ, Wedler H, Wösten HAB, Zeng AP, van Ooyen AJJ, Visser J, Stam H. Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88. Nat Biotechnol 2007; 25:221-31. [PMID: 17259976 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is widely exploited by the fermentation industry for the production of enzymes and organic acids, particularly citric acid. We sequenced the 33.9-megabase genome of A. niger CBS 513.88, the ancestor of currently used enzyme production strains. A high level of synteny was observed with other aspergilli sequenced. Strong function predictions were made for 6,506 of the 14,165 open reading frames identified. A detailed description of the components of the protein secretion pathway was made and striking differences in the hydrolytic enzyme spectra of aspergilli were observed. A reconstructed metabolic network comprising 1,069 unique reactions illustrates the versatile metabolism of A. niger. Noteworthy is the large number of major facilitator superfamily transporters and fungal zinc binuclear cluster transcription factors, and the presence of putative gene clusters for fumonisin and ochratoxin A synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman J Pel
- DSM Food Specialties, PO Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
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17
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Kiel JAKW, van den Berg M, Bovenberg RAL, van der Klei IJ, Veenhuis M. Penicillium chrysogenum Pex5p mediates differential sorting of PTS1 proteins to microbodies of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Fungal Genet Biol 2004; 41:708-20. [PMID: 15275666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated the Penicillium chrysogenum pex5 gene encoding the receptor for microbody matrix proteins containing a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1). Pc-pex5 contains 2 introns and encodes a protein of approximately 75 kDa. P. chrysogenum pex5 disruptants appear to be highly unstable, show poor growth, and are unable to sporulate asexually. Furthermore, pex5 cells mislocalize a fluorescent PTS1 reporter protein to the cytosol. Pc-pex5 was expressed in a PEX5 null mutant of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Detailed analysis demonstrated that the PTS1 proteins dihydroxyacetone synthase and catalase were almost fully imported into microbodies. Surprisingly, alcohol oxidase, which also depends on Pex5p for import into microbodies, remained mainly in the cytosol. Thus, P. chrysogenum Pex5p has a different specificity of cargo recognition than its H. polymorpha counterpart. This was also suggested by the observation that Pc-Pex5p sorted a reporter protein fused to various functional PTS1 signals with different efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A K W Kiel
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, Haren NL-9750 AA, The Netherlands.
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