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Borewicz K, Brück WM. Supplemented Infant Formula and Human Breast Milk Show Similar Patterns in Modulating Infant Microbiota Composition and Function In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1806. [PMID: 38339084 PMCID: PMC10855883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of healthy breastfed infants is often dominated by bifidobacteria. In an effort to mimic the microbiota of breastfed infants, modern formulas are fortified with bioactive and bifidogenic ingredients. These ingredients promote the optimal health and development of infants as well as the development of the infant microbiota. Here, we used INFOGEST and an in vitro batch fermentation model to investigate the gut health-promoting effects of a commercial infant formula supplemented with a blend containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (20 mg/100 kcal), polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PDX/GOS) (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (5 g/L), lactoferrin (0.6 g/L), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) (106 CFU/g). Using fecal inoculates from three healthy infants, we assessed microbiota changes, the bifidogenic effect, and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of the supplemented test formula and compared those with data obtained from an unsupplemented base formula and from the breast milk control. Our results show that even after INFOGEST digestion of the formula, the supplemented formula can still maintain its bioactivity and modulate infants' microbiota composition, promote faster bifidobacterial growth, and stimulate production of SCFAs. Thus, it may be concluded that the test formula containing a bioactive blend promotes infant gut microbiota and SCFA profile to something similar, but not identical to those of breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Mead Johnson B.V., Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Wolfram Manuel Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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2
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Deng Y, Borewicz K, van Loo J, Olabarrieta MZ, Kokou F, Sipkema D, Verdegem MCJ. In-Situ Biofloc Affects the Core Prokaryotes Community Composition in Gut and Enhances Growth of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Microb Ecol 2022; 84:879-892. [PMID: 34609532 PMCID: PMC9622544 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology is commonly applied in intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture to maintain water quality, supply the fish with extra protein, and improve fish growth. However, the effect of dietary supplementation of processed biofloc on the gut prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) community composition of tilapia is not well understood. In this study one recirculating aquaculture system was used to test how biofloc, including in-situ biofloc, dietary supplementation of ex-situ live or dead biofloc, influence fish gut prokaryotic community composition and growth performance in comparison to a biofloc-free control treatment. A core gut prokaryotic community was identified among all treatments by analyzing the temporal variations in gut prokaryotes. In-situ produced biofloc significantly increased the prokaryotic diversity in the gut by reducing the relative abundance of dominant Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria. The in-situ biofloc delivered a unique prokaryotic community in fish gut, while dietary supplementation of tilapias with 5% and 10% processed biofloc (live or dead) only changed the relative abundance of minor prokaryotic taxa outside the gut core microbiota. The modulatory effect of in-situ biofloc on tilapia gut microbiota was associated with the distinct microbial community in the biofloc water and undisturbed biofloc. The growth-promoting effect on tilapia was only detected in the in-situ biofloc treatment, while dietary supplementation of processed biofloc had no effect on fish growth performance as compared to the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Deng
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3811 MH, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Joost van Loo
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fotini Kokou
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C J Verdegem
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Lingbeek MM, Borewicz K, Febery E, Han Y, Doelman J, van Kuijk SJA. Short-chain fatty acid administration via water acidifier improves feed efficiency and modulates fecal microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6408630. [PMID: 34679178 PMCID: PMC8599185 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a water acidifier containing free and buffered short-chain fatty acids (SCFA-WA) on growth performance and microbiota of weaned piglets. In total, 192 male piglets, approximately 4 wk of age, were allocated to 24 pens (12 per treatment) with 8 piglets per pen. The piglets received either regular drinking water (negative control) or drinking water with the acidifier supplied at 2 L/1,000 L. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly on pen level. During the first 2 wk, daily visual assessment and scoring of the feces was conducted. Fecal samples of three piglets per pen were collected on days 14 and 42 for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota. Piglets offered SCFA-WA had significantly improved feed efficiency in the third week (P = 0.025) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.042) compared with piglets in the negative control group, with a strong tendency observed during the first feeding phase (days 0 to 21, P = 0.055). Furthermore, the water acidifier group had a higher water intake than piglets provided with control water during the second feeding phase (days 21 to 42, P = 0.028) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake (days 0 to 21, 21 to 42, 0 to 42). Furthermore, there was no overall significant difference in fecal scoring between the treatments. In terms of the fecal microbiota response, piglets offered the water acidifier showed a significantly higher relative abundance (RA) of genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and a lower RA of genus Streptococcus compared to the control. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis showed a positive association between improved feed efficiency and daily weight gain and RA of Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, consumption of the water acidifier containing free and buffered SCFA modulated the microbiota and improved feed efficiency in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M Lingbeek
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Febery
- Drayton Animal Health Ltd, Alcester Road, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire CV37 9RQ, UK
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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Mistry RH, Liu F, Borewicz K, Lohuis MAM, Smidt H, Verkade HJ, Tietge UJF. Long-Term β-galacto-oligosaccharides Supplementation Decreases the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900922. [PMID: 32380577 PMCID: PMC7379190 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The gut microbiota might critically modify metabolic disease development. Dietary fibers such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) presumably stimulate bacteria beneficial for metabolic health. This study assesses the impact of GOS on obesity, glucose, and lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Following Western-type diet feeding (C57BL/6 mice) with or without β-GOS (7% w/w, 15 weeks), body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, lipid profiles, fat kinetics and microbiota composition are analyzed. GOS reduces body weight gain (p < 0.01), accumulation of epididymal (p < 0.05), perirenal (p < 0.01) fat, and insulin resistance (p < 0.01). GOS-fed mice have lower plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05), mainly within low-density lipoproteins, lower intestinal fat absorption (p < 0.01), more fecal neutral sterol excretion (p < 0.05) and higher intestinal GLP-1 expression (p < 0.01). Fecal bile acid excretion is lower (p < 0.01) in GOS-fed mice with significant compositional differences, namely decreased cholic, α-muricholic, and deoxycholic acid excretion, whereas hyodeoxycholic acid increased. Substantial changes in microbiota composition, conceivably beneficial for metabolic health, occurred upon GOS feeding. CONCLUSION GOS supplementation to a Western-type diet improves body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity, supporting a therapeutic potential of GOS for individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima H. Mistry
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm141 83Sweden
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenP.O. Box 8033, 6700 EHThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. M. Lohuis
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenP.O. Box 8033, 6700 EHThe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm141 83Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University LaboratoryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSE‐141 86Sweden
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Swanson KS, de Vos WM, Martens EC, Gilbert JA, Menon RS, Soto-Vaca A, Hautvast J, Meyer PD, Borewicz K, Vaughan EE, Slavin JL. Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:101-129. [PMID: 32073295 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inherent and diverse capacity of dietary fibres, nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) and prebiotics to modify the gut microbiota and markedly influence health status of the host has attracted rising interest. Research and collective initiatives to determine the composition and diversity of the human gut microbiota have increased over the past decade due to great advances in high-throughput technologies, particularly the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Here we reviewed the application of 16S rRNA-based molecular technologies, both community wide (sequencing and phylogenetic microarrays) and targeted methodologies (quantitative PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridisation) to study the effect of chicory inulin-type fructans, NDOs and specific added fibres, such as resistant starches, on the human intestinal microbiota. Overall, such technologies facilitated the monitoring of microbiota shifts due to prebiotic/fibre consumption, though there are limited community-wide sequencing studies so far. Molecular studies confirmed the selective bifidogenic effect of fructans and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in human intervention studies. Fructans only occasionally decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes or stimulated other groups. The sequencing studies for various resistant starches, polydextrose and beta-glucan showed broader effects with more and different types of gut microbial species being enhanced, often including phylotypes of Ruminococcaceae. There was substantial variation in terms of magnitude of response and in individual responses to a specific fibre or NDO which may be due to numerous factors, such as initial presence and relative abundance of a microbial type, diet, genetics of the host, and intervention parameters, such as intervention duration and fibre dose. The field will clearly benefit from a more systematic approach that will support defining the impact of prebiotics and fibres on the gut microbiome, identify biomarkers that link gut microbes to health, and address the personalised response of an individual's microbiota to prebiotics and dietary fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - W M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Human Microbiome Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48130, USA
| | - J A Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Bioscience Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - R S Menon
- The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., 9000 Plymouth Ave N, Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA
| | - A Soto-Vaca
- The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., 9000 Plymouth Ave N, Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA
| | - J Hautvast
- Division Human Nutrition, Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen University
| | - P D Meyer
- Nutrition & Scientific Writing Consultant, Porfierdijk 27, 4706 MH Roosendaal, the Netherlands
| | - K Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E E Vaughan
- Sensus (Royal Cosun), Oostelijke Havendijk 15, 4704 RA, Roosendaal, the Netherlands
| | - J L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Lépine AFP, Konstanti P, Borewicz K, Resink JW, de Wit NJ, Vos PD, Smidt H, Mes JJ. Combined dietary supplementation of long chain inulin and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 supports oral vaccination efficacy against Salmonella Typhimurium in piglets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18017. [PMID: 31784576 PMCID: PMC6884548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine use of antibiotics in livestock animals strongly contributed to the creation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains (STM). Vaccination is an alternative to the use of antibiotics but often suffers from low efficacy. The present study investigated whether long-chain inulin (lcITF) and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 (LaW37) can support vaccination efficacy against STM and if the interventions influence possible gut microbiota changes. Piglets received daily supplementation until sacrifice. Animals were vaccinated on day 25 after birth, one day after weaning, and were challenged with STM on days 52–54. Dietary intervention with lcITF/LaW37 enhanced vaccination efficacy by 2-fold during challenge and resulted in higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and lower relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in faeces. Although strongest microbial effects were observed post STM challenge on day 55, transient effects of the lcITF/LaW37 intervention were also detected on day 10 after birth, and post-weaning on day 30 where increased relative abundance of faecal lactobacilli was correlated with higher faecal consistency. LcITF treatment increased post-weaning feed efficiency and faecal consistency but did not support vaccination efficacy. Vaccination in immune-immature young animals can be enhanced with functional additives which can simultaneously promote health in an ingredient-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia F P Lépine
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Resink
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development, Stationsstraat 77, 3811 MH, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole J de Wit
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Glatter M, Borewicz K, van den Bogert B, Wensch-Dorendorf M, Bochnia M, Greef JM, Bachmann M, Smidt H, Breves G, Zeyner A. Modification of the equine gastrointestinal microbiota by Jerusalem artichoke meal supplementation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220553. [PMID: 31393892 PMCID: PMC6687111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of natural prebiotic active compounds on the microbial composition in different regions of the equine gastrointestinal tract. Twelve adult horses (body weight [bwt] 534 ± 64.5 kg; age 14 ± 7.5 years) were randomly divided into two feeding groups. Six horses received a basal diet consisting of 1.5 kg hay/100 kg bwt x d-1 and oat grains equal to 1.19 g starch/kg bwt x d-1, supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke meal providing prebiotic fructooligosaccharides + inulin in a quantity of 0.15 g/kg bwt x d-1. The remaining horses received a placebo added to the basal diet. The horses were fed for 21 d and euthanized at the end of the feeding period. Digesta samples from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract were taken, DNA extracted and the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified. Supplementation with the prebiotic increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), with a concurrent reduction of the relative abundance of Streptococcus mainly in the stomach (P < 0.05). In the hindgut, the supplemental prebiotic also increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus but further reduced the relative abundance of fibrolytic bacteria, specifically the unclassified members of the families Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05) and Ruminococcaceae. The relative abundance of the genus Ruminococcus increased solely in the caecum and colon transversum. Overall, the addition of the prebiotic significantly increased the diversity in nearly all parts of the gastrointestinal tract (P < 0.05). The feeding of this natural prebiotic compound to horses had an impact on the microbial community in the entire gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the effect on the bacterial community in the foregut (especially the stomach) was more pronounced in comparison to the effect in the hindgut. Therefore, the impact on stomach health should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Glatter
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - K. Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B. van den Bogert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wensch-Dorendorf
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Bochnia
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. M. Greef
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Crop and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Bachmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Koistinen VM, Kärkkäinen O, Borewicz K, Zarei I, Jokkala J, Micard V, Rosa-Sibakov N, Auriola S, Aura AM, Smidt H, Hanhineva K. Contribution of gut microbiota to metabolism of dietary glycine betaine in mice and in vitro colonic fermentation. Microbiome 2019; 7:103. [PMID: 31291994 PMCID: PMC6621954 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence is supporting the protective effect of whole grains against several chronic diseases. Simultaneously, our knowledge is increasing on the impact of gut microbiota on our health and on how diet can modify the composition of our bacterial cohabitants. Herein, we studied C57BL/6 J mice fed with diets enriched with rye bran and wheat aleurone, conventional and germ-free C57BL/6NTac mice on a basal diet, and the colonic fermentation of rye bran in an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal system. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics on the study samples to determine the effect of bran-enriched diets on the gut microbial composition and the potential contribution of microbiota to the metabolism of a novel group of betainized compounds. RESULTS The bran-enriched study diets elevated the levels of betainized compounds in the colon contents of C57BL/6 J mice. The composition of microbiota changed, and the bran-enriched diets induced an increase in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa, including Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Parasutterella, and Ruminococcus, many of which are associated with improved health status or the metabolism of plant-based molecules. The levels of betainized compounds in the gut tissues of germ-free mice were significantly lower compared to conventional mice. In the in vitro model of the human gut, the production of betainized compounds was observed throughout the incubation, while the levels of glycine betaine decreased. In cereal samples, only low levels or trace amounts of other betaines than glycine betaine were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the bacterial taxa increased in relative abundance by the bran-based diet are also involved in the metabolism of glycine betaine into other betainized compounds, adding another potential compound group acting as a mediator of the synergistic metabolic effect of diet and colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M. Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenna Jokkala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valérie Micard
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- JRU Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies (IATE 1208), SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier CEDEX 1, France
| | - Natalia Rosa-Sibakov
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- JRU Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies (IATE 1208), SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier CEDEX 1, France
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Borewicz K, Gu F, Saccenti E, Arts IC, Penders J, Thijs C, van Leeuwen SS, Lindner C, Nauta A, van Leusen E, Schols HA, Smidt H. Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1-Month-Old Breastfed Infants. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801214. [PMID: 31017343 PMCID: PMC6618098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Understanding the biological functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. A link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant fecal microbiota composition is examined and the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, 1-month-old infants is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Maternal breast milk and infant feces are from the KOALA Birth Cohort. HMOs are quantified in milk and infant fecal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition is characterized using Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The composition is associated with gender, delivery mode, and milk HMOs: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2'-fucosyllactose. Overall, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Parabacteroides are predominating genera. Three different patterns in infant fecal microbiota structure are detected. GI degradation of HMOs is strongly associated with fecal microbiota composition, and there is a link between utilization of specific HMOs and relative abundance of various phylotypes (operational taxonomic units). CONCLUSIONS HMOs in maternal milk are among the important factors shaping GI tract microbiota in 1-month-old breastfed infants. An infant's ability to metabolize different HMOs strongly correlates with fecal microbiota composition and specifically with phylotypes within genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic BiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja C.W. Arts
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 506229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Universiteitssingel 606229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreP. Debyelaan 256229 HXMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and MetabolismUniversiteitssingel 406229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB)University of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cordula Lindner
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Leusen
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
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Hechler C, Borewicz K, Beijers R, Saccenti E, Riksen-Walraven M, Smidt H, de Weerth C. Association between Psychosocial Stress and Fecal Microbiota in Pregnant Women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4463. [PMID: 30872645 PMCID: PMC6418257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal prenatal psychosocial stress is associated with altered child emotional and behavioral development. One potential underlying mechanism is that prenatal psychosocial stress affects child outcomes via the mother's, and in turn the child's, intestinal microbiota. This study investigates the first step of this mechanism: the relation between psychosocial stress and fecal microbiota in pregnant mothers. Mothers (N = 70) provided a late pregnancy stool sample and filled in questionnaires on general and pregnancy-specific stress and anxiety. Bacterial DNA was extracted and analysed by Illumina HiSeq sequencing of PCR-amplified 16 S ribosomal RNA gene fragments. Associations between maternal general anxiety and microbial composition were found. No associations between the other measured psychosocial stress variables and the relative abundance of microbial groups were detected. This study shows associations between maternal pregnancy general anxiety and microbial composition, providing first evidence of a mechanism through which psychological symptoms in pregnancy may affect the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hechler
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - K Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Beijers
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Riksen-Walraven
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Borewicz K, Suarez-Diez M, Hechler C, Beijers R, de Weerth C, Arts I, Penders J, Thijs C, Nauta A, Lindner C, Van Leusen E, Vaughan EE, Smidt H. The effect of prebiotic fortified infant formulas on microbiota composition and dynamics in early life. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2434. [PMID: 30792412 PMCID: PMC6385197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota composition differs between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Today's infant formulas are often fortified with prebiotics to better mimic properties of human milk with respect to its effect on GI microbiota composition and function. We used Illumina HiSeq sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments to investigate the composition of faecal microbiota in 2-12 week old infants receiving either breastmilk, infant formulas fortified with prebiotics, or mixed feeding. We compared these results with results from infants fed traditional formulas used in the Netherlands in 2002-2003, which contained no added prebiotics. We showed that today's formulas supplemented with either scGOS (0.24-0.50 g/100 ml) or scGOS and lcFOS (at a 9:1 ratio; total 0.6 g/100 ml) had a strong bifidogenic effect as compared to traditional formulas, and they also resulted in altered patterns of microbial colonisation within the developing infant gastrointestinal tract. We identified three microbial states (or developmental stages) in the first 12 weeks of life, with a gradual transition pattern towards a bifidobacteria dominated state. In infants receiving only fortified formulas, this transition towards the bifidobacteria dominated state was accelerated, whereas in infants receiving mixed feeding the transition was delayed, as compared to exclusively breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen & Research University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Hechler
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Arts
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50 6229ER Maastricht; and Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Lindner
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Van Leusen
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine E Vaughan
- Sensus B.V. (Royal Cosun), Borchwerf 3, 4704 RG, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Gu F, Borewicz K, Richter B, van der Zaal PH, Smidt H, Buwalda PL, Schols HA. In Vitro Fermentation Behavior of Isomalto/Malto-Polysaccharides Using Human Fecal Inoculum Indicates Prebiotic Potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800232. [PMID: 29710405 PMCID: PMC6033187 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study characterize intestinal fermentation of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs), by monitoring degradation of IMMPs, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactic acid, and succinic acid as well as enzyme activity and microbiota composition. METHODS AND RESULTS IMMP-94 (94% α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages), IMMP-96, IMMP-27, and IMMP-dig27 (IMMP-27 after removal of digestible starch segments) are fermented batchwise in vitro using human fecal inoculum. Fermentation digesta samples are taken for analysis in time up till 48 h. The fermentation of α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages in IMMP-94, IMMP-96, and IMMP-dig27 starts after 12 h and finishes within 48 h. IMMP-27 fermentation starts directly after inoculation utilizing α-(1→4) linked glucosyl residues; however, the utilization of α-(1→6) linked glucoses is delayed and start only after the depletion of α-(1→4) linked glucose moieties. SCFAs are produced in high amounts with acetic acid and succinic acid being the major products next to propionic acid and butyric acid. The polysaccharide fraction is degraded into isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) mainly by extracellular enzymes. The smaller IMOs are further degraded by cell-associated enzymes. Overall microbial diversity and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, significantly increase during the fermentation of IMMPs. CONCLUSION IMMP containing segments of α-(1→6) linked glucose units are slowly fermentable fibers with prebiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchP.O. Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Richter
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchP.O. Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. van der Zaal
- Biobased Chemistry & TechnologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter L. Buwalda
- Biobased Chemistry & TechnologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
- Coöperatie AVEBE U.A.P.O. Box 159640 AA VeendamThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchP.O. Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
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13
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Tian L, Bruggeman G, van den Berg M, Borewicz K, Scheurink AJW, Bruininx E, de Vos P, Smidt H, Schols HA, Gruppen H. Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27198846 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. LMP, HMP, and aSBM decreased the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and increased that of Prevotella in the colon. CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bruininx
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Tian L, Scholte J, Borewicz K, van den Bogert B, Smidt H, Scheurink AJW, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Effects of pectin supplementation on the fermentation patterns of different structural carbohydrates in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2256-2266. [PMID: 27174558 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of four types of pectins on dietary fiber (DF) fermentation, microbiota composition, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production throughout the large intestine in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were given diets supplemented with or without 3% structurally different pectins for 7 weeks. Different fermentation patterns of pectins and different location of fermentation of pectin and diet arabinoxylans (AXs) in the large intestine were observed. During cecal fermentation, sugar beet pectin significantly stimulated Lactobacillus (p < 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). The stimulating effects of sugar beet pectin on these two groups of microbes are stronger than both other pectins. In the cecum, low-methyl esterified citrus pectin and complex soy pectin increased (p < 0.05) the production of total SCFAs, propionate and butyrate, whereas high-methyl esterified pectin and sugar beet pectin did not. The fermentation patterns of cereal AXs in the cecum were significantly different upon supplementation of different pectins. These differences, however, became smaller in the colon due to an enhanced fermentation of the remaining DFs. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of pectin is a potential strategy to modulate the location of fermentation of DFs, and consequently microbiota composition and SCFA production for health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Scholte
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Lamont EA, Wang P, Enomoto S, Borewicz K, Abdallah A, Isaacson RE, Sreevatsan S. A combined enrichment and aptamer pulldown assay for Francisella tularensis detection in food and environmental matrices. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114622. [PMID: 25536105 PMCID: PMC4275185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacterium and causative agent of tularemia, is categorized as a Class A select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention due to its ease of dissemination and ability to cause disease. Oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal tularemia may occur due to ingestion of contaminated food and water. Despite the concern to public health, little research is focused on F. tularensis detection in food and environmental matrices. Current diagnostics rely on host responses and amplification of F. tularensis genetic elements via Polymerase Chain Reaction; however, both tools are limited by development of an antibody response and limit of detection, respectively. During our investigation to develop an improved culture medium to aid F. tularensis diagnostics, we found enhanced F. tularensis growth using the spent culture filtrate. Addition of the spent culture filtrate allowed for increased detection of F. tularensis in mixed cultures of food and environmental matrices. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS analysis identified several unique chemicals within the spent culture supernatant of which carnosine had a matching m/z ratio. Addition of 0.625 mg/mL of carnosine to conventional F. tularensis medium increased the growth of F. tularensis at low inoculums. In order to further enrich F. tularensis cells, we developed a DNA aptamer cocktail to physically separate F. tularensis from other bacteria present in food and environmental matrices. The combined enrichment steps resulted in a detection range of 1-106 CFU/mL (starting inoculums) in both soil and lettuce backgrounds. We propose that the two-step enrichment process may be utilized for easy field diagnostics and subtyping of suspected F. tularensis contamination as well as a tool to aid in basic research of F. tularensis ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A. Lamont
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shinichiro Enomoto
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Molecular Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Dreijenplen 10, 6703HB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim HB, Singer RS, Borewicz K, White BA, Sreevatsan S, Johnson TJ, Espejo LA, Isaacson RE. Effects of tylosin administration on C-reactive protein concentration and carriage of Salmonella enterica in pigs. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:460-7. [PMID: 24762018 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tylosin on C-reactive protein concentration, carriage of Salmonella enterica, and antimicrobial resistance genes in commercial pigs. ANIMALS 120 pigs on 2 commercial farms. PROCEDURES A cohort of sixty 10-week-old pigs in 4 pens/farm (15 pigs/pen) was randomly selected. Equal numbers of pigs were given feed containing tylosin (40 μg/g of feed) for 0, 6, or 12 weeks. C-reactive protein concentrations were measured, microbial culture for S enterica in feces was performed, and antimicrobial resistance genes in feces were quantified. RESULTS No significant associations were detected between C-reactive protein concentration or S enterica status and tylosin treatment. During the 12 weeks of tylosin administration, increased levels of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes did not occur. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of pigs with tylosin did not affect C-reactive protein concentration or reduce carriage or load of S enterica. There was no evidence that pigs receiving tylosin had increased carriage of the 6 antimicrobial resistance genes measured. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE S enterica is a public health concern. Use of the antimicrobial growth promoter tylosin did not pose a public health risk by means of increased carriage of S enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
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Borewicz K, Pragman AA, Kim HB, Hertz M, Wendt C, Isaacson RE. Longitudinal analysis of the lung microbiome in lung transplantation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 339:57-65. [PMID: 23173619 PMCID: PMC3546157 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients experience poor long-term survival, largely due to chronic rejection. The pathogenesis of chronic rejection is incompletely understood, but bacterial colonization of the lung is associated with chronic rejection, while antibiotic use slows its progression. The lung harbors a bacterial community, termed the microbiome, which is present both in health and disease. We hypothesize that the lung microbiome will change following transplantation, and these changes may correspond to the development of rejection. Twelve bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were obtained from four patients at three time points after transplantation, and two BALF samples were obtained from healthy, nontransplant controls. The microbiome of each sample was determined by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable 3 region. The data were analyzed using mothur, Ribosomal Database Project Classifier, Fast UniFrac, and Metastats. Transplanted lungs contained more bacterial sequences and demonstrated more microbial diversity than did control lungs. Bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria (class Betaproteobacteria) predominated in the transplant samples. In contrast, the microbiome of the healthy lung consisted of the phyla Proteobacteria (class Gammaproteobacteria) and Firmicutes. The microbiome of the transplanted lung is vastly different from that of healthy lungs, mainly due to the presence of the family Burkholderiaceae in transplant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA and
| | - Alexa A. Pragman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA and
| | - Marshall Hertz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine Wendt
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Richard E. Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA and
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18
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Patterson SK, Borewicz K, Johnson T, Xu W, Isaacson RE. Characterization and differential gene expression between two phenotypic phase variants in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43592. [PMID: 22937065 PMCID: PMC3427373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 798 has previously been shown to undergo phenotypic phase variation. One of the phenotypes expresses virulence traits such as adhesion, while the other phenotype does not. Phenotypic phase variation appears to correlate with the ability of this strain to cause persistent, asymptomatic infections of swine. A new method to detect cells in either phenotypic phase was developed using Evans Blue-Uranine agar plates. Using this new assay, rates of phenotypic phase variation were obtained. The rate of phase variation from non-adhesive to adhesive phenotype was approximately 10−4 per cell per generation while phase variation from the adhesive to the non-adhesive phenotype was approximately 10−6 per cell per generation. Two highly virulent S. Typhimurium strains, SL1344 and ATCC 14028, were also shown to undergo phase variation. However, while the rate from adhesive to non-adhesive phenotype was approximately the same as for strain 798, the non-adhesive to adhesive phenotype shift was 37-fold higher. Differential gene expression was measured using RNA-Seq. Eighty-three genes were more highly expressed by 798 cells in the adhesive phenotype compared to the non-adhesive cells. Most of the up-regulated genes were in virulence genes and in particular all genes in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 were up-regulated. When compared to the virulent strain SL1344, expression of the virulence genes was approximately equal to those up-regulated in the adhesive phenotype of strain 798. A comparison of invasive ability demonstrated that strain SL1344 was the most invasive followed by the adhesive phenotype of strain 798, then the non-adhesive phenotype of strain 798. The least invasive strain was ATCC 14028. The genome of strain 798 was sequenced and compared to SL1344. Both strains had very similar genome sequences and gene deletions could not readily explain differences in the rates of phase variation from non-adhesive to the adhesive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K. Patterson
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wayne Xu
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim HB, Borewicz K, White BA, Singer RS, Sreevatsan S, Tu ZJ, Isaacson RE. Longitudinal investigation of the age-related bacterial diversity in the feces of commercial pigs. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:124-33. [PMID: 21658864 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The importance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals is widely acknowledged as important. However, very little is known about composition and distribution of the microbial population in lower intestinal tracts of animals. Because most bacterial species in pig intestines have not been cultured, it has been difficult to analyze bacterial diversity by conventional culture methods. Even with the development of culture independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the previous methods were slow and labor intensive. Therefore, high throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA libraries was used in this study in order to explore the bacterial diversity of the pig feces. In our two trials, fecal samples from individual pigs were collected five times at 3-week intervals, and the 16S rRNA genes in the community DNAs from fecal samples were sequenced and analyzed. This longitudinal study design identified that microbial populations in the feces of the each pig continued to change as pigs aged. The variations of bacterial diversity of the animals were affected by less abundant bacterial components of the feces. These results help us to understand the age-related bacterial diversity in the commercial pig feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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