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Mistry RH, Liu F, Borewicz K, Lohuis MAM, Smidt H, Verkade HJ, Tietge UJF. Long-Term β-galacto-oligosaccharides Supplementation Decreases the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900922. [PMID: 32380577 PMCID: PMC7379190 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The gut microbiota might critically modify metabolic disease development. Dietary fibers such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) presumably stimulate bacteria beneficial for metabolic health. This study assesses the impact of GOS on obesity, glucose, and lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Following Western-type diet feeding (C57BL/6 mice) with or without β-GOS (7% w/w, 15 weeks), body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, lipid profiles, fat kinetics and microbiota composition are analyzed. GOS reduces body weight gain (p < 0.01), accumulation of epididymal (p < 0.05), perirenal (p < 0.01) fat, and insulin resistance (p < 0.01). GOS-fed mice have lower plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05), mainly within low-density lipoproteins, lower intestinal fat absorption (p < 0.01), more fecal neutral sterol excretion (p < 0.05) and higher intestinal GLP-1 expression (p < 0.01). Fecal bile acid excretion is lower (p < 0.01) in GOS-fed mice with significant compositional differences, namely decreased cholic, α-muricholic, and deoxycholic acid excretion, whereas hyodeoxycholic acid increased. Substantial changes in microbiota composition, conceivably beneficial for metabolic health, occurred upon GOS feeding. CONCLUSION GOS supplementation to a Western-type diet improves body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity, supporting a therapeutic potential of GOS for individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima H. Mistry
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm141 83Sweden
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenP.O. Box 8033, 6700 EHThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. M. Lohuis
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenP.O. Box 8033, 6700 EHThe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics
University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm141 83Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University LaboratoryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSE‐141 86Sweden
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Lohuis MAM, Werkman CCN, Harmsen HJM, Tietge UJF, Verkade HJ. Absence of Intestinal Microbiota during Gestation and Lactation Does Not Alter the Metabolic Response to a Western-type Diet in Adulthood. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800809. [PMID: 30471233 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Microbiota composition in early life is implied to affect the risk to develop obesity in adulthood. It is unclear whether this risk is due to long-lasting microbiome-induced changes in host metabolism. This study aims to identify whether the presence or total absence of early-life microbiota affects host metabolism in adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of a germ-free (Former GF) versus conventional status during gestation and lactation on the metabolic status in adult offspring are compared. Upon conventionalization at weaning, all mice were metabolically challenged with a Western-type diet (WTD) at 10 weeks age. Between age 10 and 30 weeks, a former GF status does not notably affect overall body weight gain, cholesterol metabolism, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity at adult age. However, Former GF mice have lower bile flow and bile acid secretion in adulthood, but similar bile acid composition. CONCLUSIONS A germ-free status during gestation and lactation does not substantially affect key parameters of the metabolic status before 10 weeks of age on chow diet or in adulthood following a WTD challenge. These data imply that microbiota in early life does not critically affect adult metabolic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A M Lohuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke C N Werkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dimova LG, Lohuis MAM, Bloks VW, Tietge UJF, Verkade HJ. Milk cholesterol concentration in mice is not affected by high cholesterol diet- or genetically-induced hypercholesterolaemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8824. [PMID: 29891894 PMCID: PMC5995842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk cholesterol content may imply to affect short- and long-term cholesterol homeostasis in the offspring. However, mechanisms of regulating milk cholesterol concentration are only partly understood. We used different mouse models to assess the impact of high cholesterol diet (HC)- or genetically-induced hypercholesterolaemia on milk cholesterol content. At day 14 postpartum we determined milk, plasma and tissue lipids in wild type (WT), LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−), and ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 knockout (Abcg8−/−) mice fed either low- or 0.5% HC diet. In chow-fed mice, plasma cholesterol was higher in Ldlr−/− dams compared to WT. HC-feeding increased plasma cholesterol in all three models compared to chow diet. Despite the up to 5-fold change in plasma cholesterol concentration, the genetic and dietary conditions did not affect milk cholesterol levels. To detect possible compensatory changes, we quantified de novo cholesterol synthesis in mammary gland and liver, which was strongly reduced in the various hypercholesterolaemic conditions. Together, these data suggest that milk cholesterol concentration in mice is not affected by conditions of maternal hypercholesterolaemia and is maintained at stable levels via ABCG8- and LDLR-independent mechanisms. The robustness of milk cholesterol levels might indicate an important physiological function of cholesterol supply to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya G Dimova
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A M Lohuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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van de Weijer ML, Bassik MC, Luteijn RD, Voorburg CM, Lohuis MAM, Kremmer E, Hoeben RC, LeProust EM, Chen S, Hoelen H, Ressing ME, Patena W, Weissman JS, McManus MT, Wiertz EJHJ, Lebbink RJ. A high-coverage shRNA screen identifies TMEM129 as an E3 ligase involved in ER-associated protein degradation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3832. [PMID: 24807418 PMCID: PMC4024746 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded ER proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The human cytomegalovirus protein US11 exploits this ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway to downregulate HLA class I molecules in virus-infected cells, thereby evading elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. US11-mediated degradation of HLA class I has been instrumental in the identification of key components of mammalian ERAD, including Derlin-1, p97, VIMP and SEL1L. Despite this, the process governing retrotranslocation of the substrate is still poorly understood. Here using a high-coverage genome-wide shRNA library, we identify the uncharacterized protein TMEM129 and the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2J2 to be essential for US11-mediated HLA class I downregulation. TMEM129 is an unconventional C4C4-type RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that resides within a complex containing various other ERAD components, including Derlin-1, Derlin-2, VIMP and p97, indicating that TMEM129 is an integral part of the ER-resident dislocation complex mediating US11-induced HLA class I degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Bassik
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA [2]
| | - Rutger D Luteijn
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M Voorburg
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A M Lohuis
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Molecular Immunology, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emily M LeProust
- 1] Genomics Solution Unit, Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA [2]
| | - Siyuan Chen
- 1] Genomics Solution Unit, Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA [2]
| | - Hanneke Hoelen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike E Ressing
- 1] Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Weronika Patena
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [3]
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Emmanuel J H J Wiertz
- 1] Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands [2]
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- 1] Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands [2]
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