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Vlasceanu M, Doell KC, Bak-Coleman JB, Todorova B, Berkebile-Weinberg MM, Grayson SJ, Patel Y, Goldwert D, Pei Y, Chakroff A, Pronizius E, van den Broek KL, Vlasceanu D, Constantino S, Morais MJ, Schumann P, Rathje S, Fang K, Aglioti SM, Alfano M, Alvarado-Yepez AJ, Andersen A, Anseel F, Apps MAJ, Asadli C, Awuor FJ, Azevedo F, Basaglia P, Bélanger JJ, Berger S, Bertin P, Białek M, Bialobrzeska O, Blaya-Burgo M, Bleize DNM, Bø S, Boecker L, Boggio PS, Borau S, Bos B, Bouguettaya A, Brauer M, Brick C, Brik T, Briker R, Brosch T, Buchel O, Buonauro D, Butalia R, Carvacho H, Chamberlain SAE, Chan HY, Chow D, Chung D, Cian L, Cohen-Eick N, Contreras-Huerta LS, Contu D, Cristea V, Cutler J, D'Ottone S, De Keersmaecker J, Delcourt S, Delouvée S, Diel K, Douglas BD, Drupp MA, Dubey S, Ekmanis J, Elbaek CT, Elsherif M, Engelhard IM, Escher YA, Etienne TW, Farage L, Farias AR, Feuerriegel S, Findor A, Freira L, Friese M, Gains NP, Gallyamova A, Geiger SJ, Genschow O, Gjoneska B, Gkinopoulos T, Goldberg B, Goldenberg A, Gradidge S, Grassini S, Gray K, Grelle S, Griffin SM, Grigoryan L, Grigoryan A, Grigoryev D, Gruber J, Guilaran J, Hadar B, Hahnel UJ, Halperin E, Harvey AJ, Haugestad CAP, Herman AM, Hershfield HE, Himichi T, Hine DW, Hofmann W, Howe L, Huaman-Chulluncuy ET, Huang G, Ishii T, Ito A, Jia F, Jost JT, Jovanović V, Jurgiel D, Kácha O, Kankaanpää R, Kantorowicz J, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko E, Kaplan Mintz K, Kaya I, Kaya O, Khachatryan N, Klas A, Klein C, Klöckner CA, Koppel L, Kosachenko AI, Kothe EJ, Krebs R, Krosch AR, Krouwel AP, Kyrychenko Y, Lagomarsino M, Lamm C, Lange F, Lee Cunningham J, Lees J, Leung TY, Levy N, Lockwood PL, Longoni C, López Ortega A, Loschelder DD, Lu JG, Luo Y, Luomba J, Lutz AE, Majer JM, Markowitz E, Marsh AA, Mascarenhas KL, Mbilingi B, Mbungu W, McHugh C, Meijers MH, Mercier H, Mhagama FL, Michalakis K, Mikus N, Milliron S, Mitkidis P, Monge-Rodríguez FS, Mora YL, Moreau D, Motoki K, Moyano M, Mus M, Navajas J, Nguyen TL, Nguyen DM, Nguyen T, Niemi L, Nijssen SRR, Nilsonne G, Nitschke JP, Nockur L, Okura R, Öner S, Özdoğru AA, Palumbo H, Panagopoulos C, Panasiti MS, Pärnamets P, Paruzel-Czachura M, Pavlov YG, Payán-Gómez C, Pearson AR, Pereira da Costa L, Petrowsky HM, Pfattheicher S, Pham NT, Ponizovskiy V, Pretus C, Rêgo GG, Reimann R, Rhoads SA, Riano-Moreno J, Richter I, Röer JP, Rosa-Sullivan J, Ross RM, Sabherwal A, Saito T, Sarrasin O, Say N, Schmid K, Schmitt MT, Schoenegger P, Scholz C, Schug MG, Schulreich S, Shreedhar G, Shuman E, Sivan S, Sjåstad H, Soliman M, Soud K, Spampatti T, Sparkman G, Spasovski O, Stanley SK, Stern JA, Strahm N, Suko Y, Sul S, Syropoulos S, Taylor NC, Tedaldi E, Tinghög G, Huynh LDT, Travaglino GA, Tsakiris M, Tüter İ, Tyrala M, Uluğ ÖM, Urbanek A, Valko D, van der Linden S, van Schie K, van Stekelenburg A, Vanags E, Västfjäll D, Vesely S, Vintr J, Vranka M, Wanguche PO, Willer R, Wojcik AD, Xu R, Yadav A, Zawisza M, Zhao X, Zhao J, Żuk D, Van Bavel JJ. Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj5778. [PMID: 38324680 PMCID: PMC10849597 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly C. Doell
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Joseph B. Bak-Coleman
- Craig Newmark Center for Journalism Ethics and Security, Columbia University, New York, NY 10018, USA
- Institute for Rebooting Social Media, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Boryana Todorova
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | | | | | - Yash Patel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Danielle Goldwert
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Yifei Pei
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Ekaterina Pronizius
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Karlijn L. van den Broek
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, Netherlands
| | - Denisa Vlasceanu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sara Constantino
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Philipp Schumann
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Steve Rathje
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome 179, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 185, Italy
| | - Mark Alfano
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | | | - Angélica Andersen
- Post-Graduation Program in Linguistics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060150, Brasil
| | - Frederik Anseel
- UNSW Business School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew A. J. Apps
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chillar Asadli
- Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Fonda Jane Awuor
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu 1881-40100, Kenya
| | - Flavio Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712TS, Netherlands
| | - Piero Basaglia
- Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Jocelyn J. Bélanger
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sebastian Berger
- Department of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Paul Bertin
- LAPCOS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice 6357, France
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Michał Białek
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland
| | | | - Michelle Blaya-Burgo
- Department of Psychology, Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, NH 91711, USA
| | | | - Simen Bø
- Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen 5045, Norway
| | - Lea Boecker
- Department of Economic Psychology, Social Psychology and Experimental Methods, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany
| | - Paulo S. Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 1241001, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Borau
- Toulouse Business School, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse. Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Björn Bos
- Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Hamburg
| | - Ayoub Bouguettaya
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Markus Brauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cameron Brick
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 WT, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum 2418, Norway
| | - Tymofii Brik
- Policy Research Department, Kyiv School of Economics, Kyiv 2000, Ukraine
| | - Roman Briker
- Department of Organisation, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211 LK, Netherlands
| | - Tobias Brosch
- Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Ondrej Buchel
- Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81364, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Buonauro
- Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Radhika Butalia
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Héctor Carvacho
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah A. E. Chamberlain
- School of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand
| | - Hang-Yee Chan
- Department of Marketing, King’s Business School, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Dawn Chow
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dongil Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Luca Cian
- Department of Marketing, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Noa Cohen-Eick
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 CP, Netherlands
| | - Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Davide Contu
- Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jo Cutler
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Silvana D'Ottone
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Jonas De Keersmaecker
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of People Management and Organization, Esade Business School, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 8034, Spain
| | - Sarah Delcourt
- Behavioral Economics and Engineering Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Kathi Diel
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Douglas
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Moritz A. Drupp
- Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Shreya Dubey
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands
| | - Jānis Ekmanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Mahmoud Elsherif
- Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Vision Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Iris M. Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands
| | - Yannik A. Escher
- Institute of Management & Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany
| | - Tom W. Etienne
- Kieskompas–Election Compass, Amsterdam 1052XH, Netherlands
- Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Farage
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Salzburg
| | - Ana Rita Farias
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon 1700, Portugal
| | - Stefan Feuerriegel
- School of Management, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Andrej Findor
- Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava 82105, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Freira
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Malte Friese
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Neil Philip Gains
- School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12121, Thailand
| | - Albina Gallyamova
- Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Sandra J. Geiger
- Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1010, Austria
| | - Oliver Genschow
- Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany
| | - Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia
| | - Theofilos Gkinopoulos
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-060, Poland
| | | | - Amit Goldenberg
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2163, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 2138, USA
- Digital Data and Design Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Allston, Boston, MA 2134, USA
| | - Sarah Gradidge
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Simone Grassini
- Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4021, Norway
| | - Kurt Gray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sonja Grelle
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Siobhán M. Griffin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | | | - Ani Grigoryan
- Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Dmitry Grigoryev
- Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - June Gruber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Johnrev Guilaran
- Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Philippines
| | - Britt Hadar
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Ulf J.J. Hahnel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Annelie J. Harvey
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | | | - Aleksandra M. Herman
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Hal E. Hershfield
- Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Himichi
- School of Economics & Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kami City 782-8502, Japan
| | - Donald W. Hine
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand
| | - Wilhelm Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Lauren Howe
- Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | | | - Guanxiong Huang
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tatsunori Ishii
- Department of Psychology, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 1128681, Japan
| | - Ayahito Ito
- Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808576, Japan
| | - Fanli Jia
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 7079, USA
| | - John T. Jost
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Dominika Jurgiel
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | | | - Reeta Kankaanpää
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Jaroslaw Kantorowicz
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague 2511DP, Netherlands
| | | | - Keren Kaplan Mintz
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Learning and Instructional Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ilker Kaya
- Deparment of Economics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozgur Kaya
- Deparment of Economics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narine Khachatryan
- Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anna Klas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Colin Klein
- School of Philosophy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Christian A. Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7049, Norway
| | - Lina Koppel
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Alexandra I. Kosachenko
- Academic and Research Laboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia
| | - Emily J. Kothe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ruth Krebs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Amy R. Krosch
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Andre P.M. Krouwel
- Departments of Political Science and Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Yara Kyrychenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Maria Lagomarsino
- Psychology of Sustainability and Behavior Change, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Florian Lange
- Behavioral Economics and Engineering Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Julia Lee Cunningham
- Management & Organizations, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lees
- John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 8544, USA
| | - Tak Yan Leung
- School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, BNE 4556, Australia
| | - Neil Levy
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Patricia L. Lockwood
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Longoni
- Department of Marketing, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy
| | - Alberto López Ortega
- Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - David D. Loschelder
- Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany
| | - Jackson G. Lu
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 2139, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joseph Luomba
- Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Annika E. Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Johann M. Majer
- Department of Social, Organizational, & Economic Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim 31141, Germany
| | - Ezra Markowitz
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 1003, USA
| | - Abigail A. Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Karen Louise Mascarenhas
- Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation (RCGI), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | | | - Winfred Mbungu
- Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Cillian McHugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Marijn H.C. Meijers
- Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NG, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Mercier
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | - Nace Mikus
- School of Culture and Society–Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Sarah Milliron
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | | | - Youri L. Mora
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1312, Belgium
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kosuke Motoki
- Department of Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Manuel Moyano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain
| | - Mathilde Mus
- Département d’études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Joaquin Navajas
- Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428 CABA, Argentina
| | | | - Dung Minh Nguyen
- College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Laura Niemi
- Department of Psychology and Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sari R. R. Nijssen
- Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11419, Sweden
| | - Jonas P. Nitschke
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Laila Nockur
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Ritah Okura
- National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Sezin Öner
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Asil Ali Özdoğru
- Department of Psychology, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Helena Palumbo
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 8005, Spain
| | - Costas Panagopoulos
- Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 2115, USA
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 185, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 142, Italy
| | - Philip Pärnamets
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mariola Paruzel-Czachura
- Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Yuri G. Pavlov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Adam R. Pearson
- Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | | | - Hannes M. Petrowsky
- Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfattheicher
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Nhat Tan Pham
- School of Business, International University, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Clara Pretus
- Department of Psychobioloogy and Methodology of Heath Sciences, Universitat Autònima de Barcelona, Barcelona 8193, Spain
| | - Gabriel G. Rêgo
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01221-040, Brazil
| | - Ritsaart Reimann
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shawn A. Rhoads
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julian Riano-Moreno
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Isabell Richter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Jan Philipp Röer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Jahred Rosa-Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert M. Ross
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anandita Sabherwal
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Toshiki Saito
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 1020083, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1658555, Japan
| | - Oriane Sarrasin
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Say
- Department of Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague 13067, Czech Republic
| | - Katharina Schmid
- Department of People Management and Organization, Universitat Ramon Llull, Esade Business School, Barcelona 8034, Spain
| | - Michael T. Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Philipp Schoenegger
- School of Economics & Finance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK
- School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK
| | - Christin Scholz
- Department of Communication, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands
| | - Mariah G. Schug
- Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester 19013, USA
| | - Stefan Schulreich
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ganga Shreedhar
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Eric Shuman
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2163, USA
| | - Smadar Sivan
- Department of Social Psychology, Reichman University (RUNI), Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Hallgeir Sjåstad
- Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen 5045, Norway
| | - Meikel Soliman
- Research Center for Digital Transformation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany
| | - Katia Soud
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Tobia Spampatti
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Gregg Sparkman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 2467, USA
| | - Ognen Spasovski
- Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava 917 01, Slovakia
| | - Samantha K. Stanley
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 200, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Noel Strahm
- Department of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yasushi Suko
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Sunhae Sul
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Stylianos Syropoulos
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Brighton, MA 2135, USA
| | - Neil C. Taylor
- UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Elisa Tedaldi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Gustav Tinghög
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Luu Duc Toan Huynh
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Giovanni Antonio Travaglino
- Institute for the Study of Power, Crime, and Society | Department of Law & Criminology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW200EX, UK
| | | | - İlayda Tüter
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34664, Turkey
| | - Michael Tyrala
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | | | - Arkadiusz Urbanek
- Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland
| | - Danila Valko
- Research Department, The South Ural University of Technology, Chelyabinsk 454052, Russia
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Space Studies, School for Environmental and Social Studies, Tyumen State University, Tyumen 625003, Russia
| | | | - Kevin van Schie
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 5037 AB, Netherlands
| | | | - Edmunds Vanags
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga 1083, Latvia
| | - Daniel Västfjäll
- Division of Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Stepan Vesely
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7049, Norway
| | | | - Marek Vranka
- Department of Marketing Communication and Public Relations, Charles University, Prague 11000, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robb Willer
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrian Dominik Wojcik
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Rachel Xu
- Jigsaw, Google, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Climate and Energy Policy Research Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Magdalena Zawisza
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Xian Zhao
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dawid Żuk
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-183, Poland
| | - Jay J. Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen 5045, Norway
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Vabba A, Panasiti MS, Scattolin M, Spitaleri M, Porciello G, Aglioti SM. The thermoception task: a thermal imaging-based procedure for measuring awareness of changes in peripheral body temperature. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1053-1064. [PMID: 37529855 PMCID: PMC10635420 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00014.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thermal body signals provide crucial information about the state of an organism and changes in body temperature may be a sign of affective states (e.g., stress, pain, sexual arousal), research on thermal awareness is limited. Here we developed a task measuring awareness of changes in peripheral body temperature (thermal interoception) and compared it to the classical heartbeat counting task (cardiac interoception). With an infrared light bulb we delivered stimuli of different temperature intensities to the right hand of 31 healthy participants. Thermal interoceptive accuracy, i.e., the difference between participants' real and perceived change in hand temperature, showed good interindividual variability. We found that thermal interoception did not correlate with (and was generally higher than) cardiac interoception, suggesting that different interceptive channels provide separate contributions to awareness of bodily states. Moreover, the results hint at the great salience of thermal signals and the need for thermoregulation in day-to-day life. Finally, thermal interoceptive accuracy was associated with self-reported awareness of body temperature changes and with the ability to regulate distress by focusing on body sensations. Our task has the potential to significantly increase current knowledge about the role of interoception in cognition and behavior, particularly in social and emotional contexts.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a novel task measuring awareness of changes in peripheral body temperature (i.e., thermal interoception). To avoid tactile confounds present in existing thermoceptive tasks, we used an infrared light bulb to deliver stimuli of different temperature intensities to the hand of participants and asked them to judge the perceived change in their hand temperature. Performance in the task showed good interindividual variability, did not correlate with cardiac interoceptive tasks, and was associated with self-reported thermosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Vabba
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spitaleri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Scattolin M, Panasiti MS, Ho JT, Lenggenhager B, Aglioti SM. Ownership of the affected leg is further reduced following deceptive behaviors in body integrity dysphoria. iScience 2023; 26:107551. [PMID: 37664627 PMCID: PMC10469995 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although predicted by the notion of embodied morality, it remains unknown whether a reduced sense of body ownership (SoO) is associated with increased or decreased dishonesty. To clarify this issue, we tested patients with body integrity dysphoria (BID), a clinical condition characterized by chronic reductions of SoO toward one leg that patients persistently desire to have amputated. Participants with BID played a card game in which they could voluntarily tell the truth or cheat an opponent, and thus either steal or give them money. To assess whether SoO toward the effector limb influences (im)moral decisions, responses were communicated with the affected or the unaffected leg. We found that a higher number of self-gain lies was followed by further reductions of SoO toward the affected leg. Our result supports the idea that reductions of SoO may follow immoral behaviors to distance from unwanted characteristics of the self, like one's own dishonesty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome (RM) 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome (RM) 00179, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome (RM) 00185, Italy
| | - Jasmine T. Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bigna Lenggenhager
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome (RM) 00161, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome (RM) 00179, Italy
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4
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Swami V, Tran US, Stieger S, Aavik T, Ranjbar HA, Adebayo SO, Afhami R, Ahmed O, Aimé A, Akel M, Halbusi HA, Alexias G, Ali KF, Alp-Dal N, Alsalhani AB, Álvares-Solas S, Amaral ACS, Andrianto S, Aspden T, Argyrides M, Aruta JJBR, Atkin S, Ayandele O, Baceviciene M, Bahbouh R, Ballesio A, Barron D, Bellard A, Bender SS, Beydağ KD, Birovljević G, Blackburn MÈ, Borja-Alvarez T, Borowiec J, Bozogáňová M, Bratland-Sanda S, Browning MHEM, Brytek-Matera A, Burakova M, Çakır-Koçak Y, Camacho P, Camilleri VE, Cazzato V, Cerea S, Chaiwutikornwanich A, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Chambers T, Chen QW, Chen X, Chien CL, Chobthamkit P, Choompunuch B, Compte EJ, Corrigan J, Cosmas G, Cowden RG, Czepczor-Bernat K, Czub M, da Silva WR, Dadfar M, Dalley SE, Dany L, Datu JAD, Berbert de Carvalho PH, Coelho GLDH, De Jesus AOS, Debbabi SH, Dhakal S, Di Bernardo F, Dimitrova DD, Dion J, Dixson B, Donofrio SM, Drysch M, Du H, Dzhambov AM, El-Jor C, Enea V, Eskin M, Farbod F, Farrugia L, Fian L, Fisher ML, Folwarczny M, Frederick DA, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Furnham A, García AA, Geller S, Ghisi M, Ghorbani A, Martinez MAG, Gradidge S, Graf S, Grano C, Gyene G, Hallit S, Hamdan M, Handelzalts JE, Hanel PHP, Hawks SR, Hekmati I, Helmy M, Hill T, Hina F, Holenweger G, Hřebíčková M, Ijabadeniyi OA, Imam A, İnce B, Irrazabal N, Jankauskiene R, Jiang DY, Jiménez-Borja M, Jiménez-Borja V, Johnson EM, Jovanović V, Jović M, Jović M, Junqueira ACP, Kahle LM, Kantanista A, Karakiraz A, Karkin AN, Kasten E, Khatib S, Khieowan N, Kimong PJ, Kiropoulos L, Knittel J, Kohli N, Koprivnik M, Kospakov A, Król-Zielińska M, Krug I, Kuan G, Kueh YC, Kujan O, Kukić M, Kumar S, Kumar V, Lamba N, Lauri MA, Laus MF, LeBlanc LA, Lee HJ, Lipowska M, Lipowski M, Lombardo C, Lukács A, Maïano C, Malik S, Manjary M, Baldó LM, Martinez-Banfi M, Massar K, Matera C, McAnirlin O, Mebarak MR, Mechri A, Meireles JFF, Mesko N, Mills J, Miyairi M, Modi R, Modrzejewska A, Modrzejewska J, Mulgrew KE, Myers TA, Namatame H, Nassani MZ, Nerini A, Neto F, Neto J, Neves AN, Ng SK, Nithiya D, O J, Obeid S, Oda-Montecinos C, Olapegba PO, Olonisakin TT, Omar SS, Örlygsdóttir B, Özsoy E, Otterbring T, Pahl S, Panasiti MS, Park Y, Patwary MM, Pethö T, Petrova N, Pietschnig J, Pourmahmoud S, Prabhu VG, Poštuvan V, Prokop P, Ramseyer Winter VL, Razmus M, Ru T, Rupar M, Sahlan RN, Hassan MS, Šalov A, Sapkota S, Sarfo JO, Sawamiya Y, Schaefer K, Schulte-Mecklenbeck M, Seekis V, Selvi K, Sharifi M, Shrivastava A, Siddique RF, Sigurdsson V, Silkane V, Šimunić A, Singh G, Slezáčková A, Sundgot-Borgen C, Ten Hoor G, Tevichapong P, Tipandjan A, Todd J, Togas C, Tonini F, Tovar-Castro JC, Trangsrud LKJ, Tripathi P, Tudorel O, Tylka TL, Uyzbayeva A, Vally Z, Vanags E, Vega LD, Vicente-Arruebarrena A, Vidal-Mollón J, Vilar R, Villegas H, Vintilă M, Wallner C, White MP, Whitebridge S, Windhager S, Wong KY, Yau EK, Yamamiya Y, Yeung VWL, Zanetti MC, Zawisza M, Zeeni N, Zvaríková M, Voracek M. Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age. Body Image 2023; 46:449-466. [PMID: 37582318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Toivo Aavik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Reza Afhami
- Department of Art Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Al Halbusi
- Department of Management, Ahmed Bin Mohammad Military College, Doha, Qatar
| | - George Alexias
- Faculty of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Khawla F Ali
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland-Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Nursel Alp-Dal
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkiya
| | - Anas B Alsalhani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Álvares-Solas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Muyuna, Ecuador
| | | | - Sonny Andrianto
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Trefor Aspden
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Argyrides
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | | | - Stephen Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland-Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Olusola Ayandele
- Department of General Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Health Research and Innovation Science Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Radvan Bahbouh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Barron
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Ashleigh Bellard
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kerime Derya Beydağ
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gorana Birovljević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Teresita Borja-Alvarez
- Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Joanna Borowiec
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Miroslava Bozogáňová
- Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Košice, Slovakia; Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pedagogy, Andragogy, and Psychology, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Telemark, Norway
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, United States of America
| | | | - Marina Burakova
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Yeliz Çakır-Koçak
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkiye
| | | | | | - Valentina Cazzato
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tim Chambers
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Qing-Wei Chen
- Lab of Light and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectrics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, United States of America
| | - Chin-Lung Chien
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Bovornpot Choompunuch
- Department of Educational Psychology and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Emilio J Compte
- School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Penalolen, Chile; Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Corrigan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Getrude Cosmas
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Kamila Czepczor-Bernat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Czub
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahboubeh Dadfar
- Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simon E Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel Dany
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Teacher Education and Learning Leadership Academic Unit, Faculty of Education. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
- Body Image and Eating Disorders Research Group, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandesh Dhakal
- Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Donka D Dimitrova
- Department of Health Management and Healthcare Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Barnaby Dixson
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay, Australia
| | - Stacey M Donofrio
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marius Drysch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hongfei Du
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Claire El-Jor
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, Romania
| | - Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Farinaz Farbod
- Department of Textile and Fashion Design, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leonie Fian
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michał Folwarczny
- Discipline of Marketing, J.E. Cairnes School of Business & Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, United States of America
| | | | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Shulamit Geller
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Hospital Psychology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alireza Ghorbani
- Department of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Gradidge
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gyöngyvér Gyene
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Motasem Hamdan
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Jonathan E Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Paul H P Hanel
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Hawks
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UnitedStates of America
| | - Issa Hekmati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Tetiana Hill
- Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Hina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Asma Imam
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Başak İnce
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Irrazabal
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rasa Jankauskiene
- Health Research and Innovation Science Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
| | - Micaela Jiménez-Borja
- Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Jiménez-Borja
- Colegio de Comunicación y Artes Contemporáneas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Evan M Johnson
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, United States of America
| | - Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Jović
- Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alessandra Costa Pereira Junqueira
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lisa-Marie Kahle
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ahmet Karakiraz
- Sakarya Business School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | | | - Erich Kasten
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salam Khatib
- Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nuannut Khieowan
- Asian Studies Department, Faculty of International Studies, Prince of Songkla University Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand
| | | | - Litza Kiropoulos
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua Knittel
- Department of Consumer Behavior, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Neena Kohli
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mirjam Koprivnik
- Institute of Anton Martin Slomsek, Primary School Montessori, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aituar Kospakov
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of General Education Disciplines, Astana IT University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Magdalena Król-Zielińska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Isabel Krug
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatics and Research Methods Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Omar Kujan
- Oral Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Miljana Kukić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Vipul Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Kashi Naresh Government Post-Graduate College, Gyanpur, India
| | - Nishtha Lamba
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Laus
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Hyejoo J Lee
- Department of Counselling Psychology and Social Welfare, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | | | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Andrea Lukács
- Faculty of Health Care, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada; Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Sadia Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mandar Manjary
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India; M.M.D. Public School, Brahmpuri, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Lidia Márquez Baldó
- Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of València, València, Spain
| | - Martha Martinez-Banfi
- Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia; Life Science Research Centre, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karlijn Massar
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Camila Matera
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures, and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olivia McAnirlin
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, United States of America
| | | | - Anwar Mechri
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Eya Medical Centre, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Norbert Mesko
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Maya Miyairi
- Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ritu Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Adriana Modrzejewska
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Kate E Mulgrew
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay, Australia
| | - Taryn A Myers
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, United States of America
| | - Hikari Namatame
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanda Nerini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures, and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Félix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Neto
- Research Center in Business Sciences and Tourism of Consuelo Vieira da Costa Foundation (CICET-FCVC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela Noguiera Neves
- Division of Research, Physical Education College of the Brazilian Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Siu-Kuen Ng
- Physical Education Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Devi Nithiya
- Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Jiaqing O
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Salma Samir Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Emrah Özsoy
- Sakarya Business School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | | | - Sabine Pahl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Yonguk Park
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Tatiana Pethö
- Department of Managerial Psychology, The University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Nadezhda Petrova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jakob Pietschnig
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Vita Poštuvan
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Magdalena Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, Marie Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectrics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirjana Rupar
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reza N Sahlan
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, United States of America
| | | | - Anđela Šalov
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Saphal Sapkota
- KOSHISH-National Mental Health Self-Help Organization, Kusunti, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Jacob Owusu Sarfo
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yoko Sawamiya
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katrin Schaefer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Consumer Behavior, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veya Seekis
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kerim Selvi
- Department of Psychology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkiye
| | - Mehdi Sharifi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz, Iran
| | - Anita Shrivastava
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Valdimar Sigurdsson
- Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vineta Silkane
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences, Valmiera, Latvia
| | - Ana Šimunić
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Alena Slezáčková
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Gill Ten Hoor
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Passagorn Tevichapong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arun Tipandjan
- International Centre for Psychological Counselling and Social Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Constantinos Togas
- Faculty of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Fernando Tonini
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lise Katrine Jepsen Trangsrud
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Telemark, Norway
| | - Pankaj Tripathi
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Otilia Tudorel
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Anar Uyzbayeva
- Department of General Education Disciplines, Astana IT University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zahir Vally
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Edmunds Vanags
- Faculty of Education, Psychology, and Art, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Luis Diego Vega
- Vice-rectory for Teaching, Research, and Extension, Universida Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jose Vidal-Mollón
- Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of València, València, Spain
| | - Roosevelt Vilar
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hyxia Villegas
- Vice-rectory for Teaching, Research, and Extension, Universida Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mona Vintilă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mathew P White
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sonja Windhager
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kah Yan Wong
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Eric Kenson Yau
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuko Yamamiya
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, Temple University, Japan Campus, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victoria Wai Lan Yeung
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China; Wofoo Joseph Lee Consulting and Counselling Psychology Research Centre, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Magdalena Zawisza
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Zeeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Martina Zvaríková
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Vabba A, Porciello G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Development and validation of the Exteroceptive Body Awareness (EBA-q) questionnaire. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15382. [PMID: 37641601 PMCID: PMC10460568 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The conscious processing of body signals influences higher-order psychological and cognitive functions, including self-awareness. Dysfunctions in the processing of these signals has been connected to neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by altered states of self-consciousness. Studies indicate that perceiving the body through interoceptive signals (e.g., from internal organs such as heartbeat and breathing) is distinct from perceiving the body through exteroceptive signals (e.g., by relying on visual, tactile and olfactory cues). While questionnaires are available for assessing interoception, there are no validated self-report instruments for measuring bodily exterception. To fill this gap, we performed three studies to develop and validate a novel scale designed to assess bodily self-consciousness based on the processing of exteroceptive bodily signals. Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1, N = 302) led to an 18-item questionnaire comprised of four factors. We called this instrument Exteroceptive Body Awareness questionnaire (EBA-q). Confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2, N = 184) run on a second sample showed an acceptable fit for a bifactor model, suggesting researchers may use the questionnaire as a unidimensional scale reflecting exteroceptive bodily self-consciousness, or use each of its four sub-scales, reflecting "visuo-tactile body awareness", "spatial coordination", "awareness of body changes" and "awareness of clothing fit". Overall EBA-q showed good internal consistency. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed via cross-validation with existing body awareness questionnaires (Study 3, N = 366) and behavioral measures (Study 3, N = 64) of exteroceptive and interoceptive bodily self-consciousness. Research applications are discussed within a multi-faceted model of exteroception and interoception as distinct, but at the same time interconnected, dimensions of bodily self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Vabba
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Dupont L, Santangelo V, Azevedo RT, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Reputation risk during dishonest social decision-making modulates anterior insular and cingulate cortex activity and connectivity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:475. [PMID: 37120439 PMCID: PMC10148859 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the neural underpinnings of (dis)honest decision making under quasi-ecological conditions, we used an fMRI adapted version of a card game in which deceptive or truthful decisions are made to an opponent, with or without the risk of getting caught by them. Dishonest decisions were associated to increased activity in a cortico-subcortical circuit including the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula (AI), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and right caudate. Crucially, deceptive immoral decisions under reputation risk enhanced activity of - and functional connectivity between - the bilateral ACC and left AI, suggesting the need for heightened emotional processing and cognitive control when making immoral decisions under reputation risk. Tellingly, more manipulative individuals required less involvement of the ACC during risky self-gain lies but more involvement during other-gain truths, pointing to the need of cognitive control only when going against one's own moral code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennie Dupont
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ruben T Azevedo
- Keynes College, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Vabba A, Porciello G, Monti A, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. A longitudinal study of interoception changes in the times of COVID-19: Effects on psychophysiological health and well-being. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14951. [PMID: 37035351 PMCID: PMC10065811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interoception - the processing of the internal state of the body - has been consistently tied to well-being and mental health, which in turn have been severely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the fact that symptoms of COVID-19 (high temperature, shortness of breath, fatigue, and even gastro-intestinal problems) directly alter interoceptive signals has fueled people's tendency to constantly check their internal bodily state. Objectives In this longitudinal study we tested for changes in interoception and psychophysiological health and well-being during different stages of the pandemic in 2020 and assessed their potential association. To highlight this association, we combined both subjective (i.e., self-reported questionnaires) and objective (i.e., measures of heart rate variability, HRV and of interoceptive accuracy) measures. Methods 245 Italian participants who had completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) prior to the onset of the pandemic, repeated the questionnaire during the first national lockdown in Italy, and four months after restrictions. Participants also completed survey measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (STAI), and sleep disturbance (PSQI). A sub-sample of 28 participants, who had completed the heartbeat counting task (HCT) and a measure of heart rate variability (HRV), was tested again remotely, in the same time windows, using phone applications and photoplethysmography. Results While performance in the HCT remained unvaried, MAIA-2 scores consistently increased from before the pandemic to the national lockdown, and remained largely unvaried after four months. The national lockdown was associated with the lowest psychophysiological health and well-being, as evidenced by a decrease in HRV compared to before the pandemic and by higher scores in self-reported depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance compared to four months after the lockdown. Interestingly, psychophysiological health and well-being were predicted by specific regulatory components of interoception (e.g., the ability to regulate distress by focusing on body sensations and experiencing one's body as safe and trustworthy). Conclusions Our results suggest an increased attention towards visceral signals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight the positive role of specific components of interoception in contributing to well-being, suggesting that novel interventions aimed at increasing interoception may be developed to protect against stressful life events such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Vabba
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and CLNS@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Monti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and CLNS@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179, Rome, Italy
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Monti A, Porciello G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Gut markers of bodily self-consciousness in men. iScience 2022; 25:105061. [PMID: 36185370 PMCID: PMC9519469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily self-consciousness, the state of mind that allows humans to be aware of their own body, forms the backdrop for almost every human experience, yet its underpinnings remain elusive. Here we combine an ingestible, minimally invasive capsule with surface electrogastrography to probe if gut physiology correlates with bodily self-consciousness in a sample of healthy men during a virtual bodily illusion. We discover that specific patterns of stomach and bowel activity (temperature, pressure, and pH) covary with specific facets of bodily self-consciousness (feelings of body location, agency, and disembodiment). These results uncover the hitherto untapped potential of minimally invasive probes to study the link between mental and gut states and show the significance of deep visceral organs in the self-conscious perception of ourselves as embodied beings. We studied the gastrointestinal (GI) underpinnings of bodily self-consciousness An ingestible pill tracked how GI parameters change during a bodily illusion GI activity was generally correlated with higher embodiment and lower disembodiment Gut plays a significant role in how our self embodies entities such as avatars
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Monti
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia research hospital, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia research hospital, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore M. Aglioti
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia research hospital, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
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Feruglio S, Panasiti MS, Crescentini C, Aglioti SM, Ponsi G. The impact of mindfulness meditation on social and moral behavior: Does mindfulness enhance other-oriented motivation or decrease monetary reward salience? Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:963422. [PMID: 36118116 PMCID: PMC9478338 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.963422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article provides an overview of the impact of mindfulness meditation (MM) on social and moral behavior. In mindfulness research, prosocial behavior has been operationalized as helping behavior, altruistic redistribution of funds, reparative behavior, or monetary donation. Studies concerning moral behavior are still scarce. Despite inconsistent evidence, several studies found a beneficial effect of mindfulness on prosocial outcomes (i.e., a higher propensity to spend or give away money for the sake of other individuals). However, since the employed tasks were reward-based, participants’ decisions also directly affected their own payoff by reducing it. Crucially, MM also affects self-control circuitry and reduces reward-seeking behaviors and reward salience by making rewards less tempting. We have discussed evidence suggesting how challenging it may be to dissociate the specific weight of enhanced other-oriented motivation from one of the decreased monetary reward salience in explaining meditators’ behavior. Future higher-quality studies are needed to address this open issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Feruglio
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Languages, Literatures, Communication, Education, and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages, Literatures, Communication, Education, and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ponsi
- Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Ponsi,
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10
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Singh Solorzano C, Panasiti MS, Di Pucchio A, Grano C. The Impact of Positivity and Parochial Altruism on Protective Behaviours during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10153. [PMID: 36011788 PMCID: PMC9408185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of COVID-19 protective behaviours, such as social distancing or frequent hand washing during the lockdown, was critical to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the effect of positivity and parochial altruism on implementing COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during the Italian lockdown. A sample of 460 participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic measures, Positivity Scale and COVID-19 measures of health-protective behaviours. To measure parochial altruism, we used a hypothetical dictator game played with others who could vary in their social distance from the participants. Results showed that participants in the hypothetical game gave more money to parents and siblings than to best friends, cousins, neighbours, and strangers. Furthermore, both positivity and parochial altruism (more altruism toward close vs. distant people) were positively associated with implementing hygiene behaviours but not with social distancing. Finally, mediation analysis showed that increases in parochial altruism mediated the effect of positivity on hygiene behaviour. These findings extend knowledge about the factors beyond the implementation of COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during a lockdown situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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11
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Scattolin M, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Morality in the flesh: on the link between bodily self-consciousness, moral identity and (dis)honest behaviour. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220061. [PMID: 36061520 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The sense of owning a body (ownership) and controlling its actions (agency) are two main pillars of bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Although studies suggest that BSC signals and morality may be associated, whether such association has a positive or negative direction remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we conducted two pre-registered, online studies, in which a total of 1309 participants completed BSC- and morality-related questionnaires and undertook a task where they could cheat for monetary gain. We found that participants with high sense of ownership displayed high moral identity, which supports the notion that ownership is used to associate the self with positive characteristics. Moreover, high agency was associated with increased moral identity when sense of power is high. Results regarding deception are less clear, and might relate to the impact of COVID-19. Our results concerning moral identity may inspire policies that rely on changes of corporeal awareness to contrast immorality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Scattolin M, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Morality in the flesh: on the link between bodily self-consciousness, moral identity and (dis)honest behaviour. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220061. [PMID: 36061520 PMCID: PMC9428530 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The sense of owning a body (ownership) and controlling its actions (agency) are two main pillars of bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Although studies suggest that BSC signals and morality may be associated, whether such association has a positive or negative direction remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we conducted two pre-registered, online studies, in which a total of 1309 participants completed BSC- and morality-related questionnaires and undertook a task where they could cheat for monetary gain. We found that participants with high sense of ownership displayed high moral identity, which supports the notion that ownership is used to associate the self with positive characteristics. Moreover, high agency was associated with increased moral identity when sense of power is high. Results regarding deception are less clear, and might relate to the impact of COVID-19. Our results concerning moral identity may inspire policies that rely on changes of corporeal awareness to contrast immorality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Scattolin M, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. Morality in the flesh: on the link between bodily self-consciousness, moral identity and (dis)honest behaviour. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220061. [PMID: 36061520 DOI: 10.17632/84tz3jkhr3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The sense of owning a body (ownership) and controlling its actions (agency) are two main pillars of bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Although studies suggest that BSC signals and morality may be associated, whether such association has a positive or negative direction remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we conducted two pre-registered, online studies, in which a total of 1309 participants completed BSC- and morality-related questionnaires and undertook a task where they could cheat for monetary gain. We found that participants with high sense of ownership displayed high moral identity, which supports the notion that ownership is used to associate the self with positive characteristics. Moreover, high agency was associated with increased moral identity when sense of power is high. Results regarding deception are less clear, and might relate to the impact of COVID-19. Our results concerning moral identity may inspire policies that rely on changes of corporeal awareness to contrast immorality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Scattolin M, Panasiti MS, Villa R, Aglioti SM. Reduced ownership over a virtual body modulates dishonesty. iScience 2022; 25:104320. [PMID: 35602961 PMCID: PMC9118670 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies suggest that even higher-order functions can be embodied, whether body awareness may bias moral decisions toward (dis)honesty remains underinvestigated. Here, we tested if the Sense of body Ownership (SoO) and the magnitude of monetary rewards influence the tendency to act immorally. Through a virtual body, participants played a card game in which they could lie to others to steal high or low amounts of money. To manipulate SoO, the virtual body was seen and controlled from a first-person perspective, with hands attached or detached, or from a third-person perspective. In third-person perspective, SoO was significantly reduced and more egoistic lies were produced in high reward conditions. Thus, SoO reduction and high monetary reward facilitate dishonest behavior, likely by separating the self from the dishonest actions performed through the disowned body. Because most future interactions will likely occur in a digital metaverse, our results may have crucial societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scattolin
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome (RM) 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome (RM) 00179, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome (RM) 00185, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome (RM) 00161, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLNS@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome (RM) 00161, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome (RM) 00179, Italy
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deontological Guilt (DG), and Altruistic Guilt (AG) emerge from the appraisal of violating an internalized rule or an altruistic principle, respectively. DG is strictly connected with Disgust Sensitivity and plays a key role in the development and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Previous studies investigated how DG affects responses to hypothetical moral dilemmas, however how DG and Disgust Sensitivity interact modulating moral behavior is still unknown. METHODS STUDY 1. 46 healthy participants performed an ecological paradigm in which people can spontaneously decide to lie to obtain a reward (egoistic lie) or give it away (altruistic lie) after three emotional inductions: DG, AG or neutral. Furthermore, OCD traits, Morality, Guilt Propensity and Disgust Sensitivity were assessed by means of questionnaires. STUDY 2. 27 participants from the original sample were retested during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy to ascertain whether the pandemic modified traits related to morality, disgust, guilt or OCD symptoms and whether these changes modulated moral behavior (measured by a task in which cheating was associated to higher pay-offs). RESULTS STUDY 1. Compared to the neutral, after the DG induction participants produced less altruistic and more egoistic lies. This effect was stronger in participants with high Disgust Sensitivity. STUDY 2. During the COVID-19 lockdown participants became more sensitive to the Authority pillar of the Moral Foundations and more sensitive to Disgust: this increment in deontological morality affected (im) moral behavior depending on changes in Disgust Sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that people with high Disgust Sensitivity are more affected by deontological inductions which translate to higher immorality, supposedly by lowering their moral self-image. These results might have important clinical implications as they suggest that addressing Disgust Sensitivity in therapy, might also decrease the effect of guilt on patients' behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Parisi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome & Sapienza University of Rome
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306 - 00179
| | - Alessandra Mancini
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Cognitiva APC-SPC, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Cognitiva APC-SPC, Rome, Italy
- Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome & Sapienza University of Rome
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306 - 00179
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306 - 00179
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza University of Rome”, Via dei Marsi, 78 - 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Monti A, Porciello G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM. The inside of me: interoceptive constraints on the concept of self in neuroscience and clinical psychology. Psychol Res 2021; 86:2468-2477. [PMID: 34050431 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are unique in their ability to think about themselves and carry a more or less clear notion of who they are in their mind. Here we review recent evidence suggesting that the birth, maintenance, and loss of the abstract concept of 'self' is deeply tied to interoception, the sense of internal physiological signals. Interoception influences multiple facets of the self-concept, cutting across its material, social, moral, and agentive components. Overall, we argue that interoception contributes to the stability of the self-concept over time, unifying its layers and constraining the degree to which it is susceptible to external influences. Hence, the core features of the self-concept are those that correlate more with inner bodily states. We discuss the implications that this may have for theories of embodied cognition as well as for the understanding of psychiatric disorders in which the concept of self appears fragmented or loose. Finally, we formulate some empirical predictions that could be tested in future studies to shed further light on this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Monti
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and CLNS@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza, Università di Roma and CLNS@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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17
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Nicolardi V, Panasiti MS, D’Ippolito M, Pecimo GL, Aglioti SM. Author Correction: Pain perception during social interactions is modulated by self-related and moral contextual cues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3549. [PMID: 32080311 PMCID: PMC7033243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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18
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS. [Impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's Disease: influence on individual and social decision-making processes]. Riv Psichiatr 2020; 55:213-221. [PMID: 32724233 DOI: 10.1708/3417.33997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been considered for a long time as a neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly motor functions, because of the involvement of basal ganglia. Recent research has shown that these brain structures have a crucial role even in higher level cognitive and social functions, as executive ones, impulse control and decision-making. METHOD A research of the peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted in order to identify articles on the dysfunctions in individual and social decision-making in PD. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This work provides the reader with a literature review on individual and social decision-making processes in PD, highlighting how the existence of impulse control disorders and the associated reward-seeking behaviors might elucidate the social symptoms of PD, both in terms of abnormal risk proneness and/or reward salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma - IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma - IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma
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19
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Abstract
The decision to lie to another person involves a conflict between one's own and others' interest. Political ideology may foster self-promoting or self-transcending values and thus may balance or fuel self vs. other related conflicts. Here, we explored in politically non-aligned participants whether oculomotor behavior may index the influence on moral decision-making of prime stimuli related to left and right-wing ideologies. We presented pictures of Italian politicians and ideological words in a paradigm where participants could lie to opponents with high vs. low socio-economic status to obtain a monetary reward. Results show that left-wing words decreased self-gain lies and increased other-gain ones. Oculomotor behavior revealed that gazing longer at politicians' pictures led participants to look longer at opponent's status-related information than at game's outcome-related information before the decision. This, in turn, caused participants to lie less to low status opponents. Moreover, after lying, participants averted their gaze from high status opponents and maintained it towards low status ones. Our results offer novel evidence that ideological priming influences moral decision-making and suggest that oculomotor behavior may provide crucial insights on how this process takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schepisi
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome and CNLS@Sapienza Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Panasiti MS, Ponsi G, Violani C. Emotions, Alexithymia, and Emotion Regulation in Patients With Psoriasis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:836. [PMID: 32508706 PMCID: PMC7248221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic dermatological condition that is frequently associated with problematic patterns of emotional reactivity (the way in which patients react to stimuli), alexithymia (their ability to recognize and label the emotional reaction), and emotion regulation (the ability to enhance or reduce their own emotional reaction). A research in the peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted in order to identify articles describing the association of psoriasis and affective problems. In particular, we first evaluate studies that have investigated abnormal emotional reactivity (in terms of duration, frequency, or type of the experienced emotions) and its impact on patients' quality of life; next, we review the role of alexithymia and emotion regulation in modulating the relationship between emotional reactivity and quality of life in this population. From a critical analysis of the reviewed studies, we highlight that altered emotional processing might be particularly important in the characterization of this condition. In particular, we show that this condition is related to an emotional reactivity characterized by negative emotions that have a stronger impact on patients' quality of life when emotion regulation abilities are weak, especially if patients have alexithymia. Finally, we present suggestions for future directions in both clinical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza University of Rome," Rome, Italy.,Social Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza University of Rome," Rome, Italy.,Social Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza University of Rome," Rome, Italy
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21
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Swami V, Tran US, Barron D, Afhami R, Aimé A, Almenara CA, Alp Dal N, Amaral ACS, Andrianto S, Anjum G, Argyrides M, Atari M, Aziz M, Banai B, Borowiec J, Brewis A, Cakir Kocak Y, Campos JADB, Carmona C, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Chen H, Chobthamkit P, Choompunuch B, Constantinos T, Crumlish A, Cruz JE, Dalley SE, Damayanti D, Dare J, Donofrio SM, Draksler A, Escasa-Dorne M, Fernandez EF, Ferreira MEC, Frederick DA, García AA, Geller S, George A, Ghazieh L, Goian C, Gorman C, Grano C, Handelzalts JE, Horsburgh H, Jackson T, Javela Delgado LGJ, Jović M, Jović M, Kantanista A, Kertechian SK, Kessels L, Król-Zielińska M, Kuan G, Kueh YC, Kumar S, Kvalem IL, Lombardo C, Luis López Almada E, Maïano C, Manjary M, Massar K, Matera C, Mereiles JFF, Meskó N, Namatame H, Nerini A, Neto F, Neto J, Neves AN, Ng SK, Nithiya DR, Omar SS, Omori M, Panasiti MS, Pavela Banai I, Pila E, Pokrajac-Bulian A, Postuvan V, Prichard I, Razmus M, Sabiston CM, Sahlan RN, Sarfo JO, Sawamiya Y, Stieger S, SturtzSreetharan C, Tee E, Ten Hoor GA, Thongpibul K, Tipandjan A, Tudorel O, Tylka T, Vally Z, Vargas-Nieto JC, Vega LD, Vidal-Mollón J, Vintila M, Williams D, Wutich A, Yamamiya Y, Zambrano D, Zanetti MC, Živčić-Bećirević I, Voracek M. The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations. Body Image 2020; 32:199-217. [PMID: 32032822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Reza Afhami
- Department of Art Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Carlos A Almenara
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nursel Alp Dal
- Midwifery Department, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais, São Barbacena, Brazil
| | - Sonny Andrianto
- Department of Psychology, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gulnaz Anjum
- Department of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marios Argyrides
- School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Paphos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Mohammad Atari
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Mudassar Aziz
- Department of Social Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin Banai
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Joanna Borowiec
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | | | | | - Carmen Carmona
- Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Bovornpot Choompunuch
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Aine Crumlish
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon E Dalley
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Devi Damayanti
- Department of Psychology, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joanna Dare
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Stacey M Donofrio
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anja Draksler
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marusic Institute and Department of Psychology FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shulamit Geller
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Yaffo, Israel
| | - Alexias George
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Louai Ghazieh
- Department of Human Resources, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Colin Gorman
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Heather Horsburgh
- School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | | | - Marija Jović
- Department of Marketing Management and Public Relations, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jović
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Loes Kessels
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Król-Zielińska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Garry Kuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Mandar Manjary
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Karlijn Massar
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Camilla Matera
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures, and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Norbert Meskó
- Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hikari Namatame
- Department of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Amanda Nerini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures, and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Neto
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Angela Nogueira Neves
- Division of Research, Physical Education College of the Brazilian Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Siu-Kuen Ng
- Physical Education Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Devi R Nithiya
- Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeth, India
| | - Salma Samir Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mika Omori
- Department of Psychology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vita Postuvan
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marusic Institute and Department of Psychology FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Magdalena Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, Marie Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reza N Sahlan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacob Owusu Sarfo
- Department of Nursing, All Nations University College, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Yoko Sawamiya
- Department of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria; Department of Psychology, Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Cindi SturtzSreetharan
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Eugene Tee
- Department of Psychology, HELP University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kulvadee Thongpibul
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arun Tipandjan
- Indira Gandhi Government General Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Otilia Tudorel
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Tracy Tylka
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Zahir Vally
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Luis Diego Vega
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jose Vidal-Mollón
- Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mona Vintila
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Deborah Williams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Amber Wutich
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Yuko Yamamiya
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, Temple University Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danilo Zambrano
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lonrez, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ivanka Živčić-Bećirević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Panasiti MS, Violani C, Grano C. Exploring the relationship between umbilical blood cord donation and the impact of social distance on altruism and trust. Int J Psychol 2020; 55:1003-1010. [PMID: 32030750 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) donation is a pro-social behaviour directed to strangers that has a certain cost for the donor. Although the promotion of such behaviour is an important goal for many countries' health systems, little is known about the reasons that would lead to it. With this study, we explored how the impact of social closeness on altruism and trust could be related to UCB donation in a sample of new-mothers (N = 167). Participants played hypothetical Dictator and Trust games with socially close (e.g., parents) or distant (e.g., strangers) others. They donated more money to parents and siblings compared to cousins, friends and strangers and they trusted more parents, siblings and friends than cousins and strangers. Interestingly, the lower the impact of social closeness on altruism (i.e., generosity towards socially distant others), the higher the intention and the actual probability of UCB donation. A mediation analysis has shown that the relationship between social closeness on altruism and UCB donation was mediated by objective intention to donate (i.e., having followed all the procedures needed). These findings show that other-oriented motivations towards distant others might have important practical implications in identifying the targets of interventions for the promotion of UCB donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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23
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Lombardo C, Panasiti MS, Vacca M, Grano C, Swami V. Motherhood status moderates the relationship between perfectionistic self-presentation and breast size dissatisfaction. Body Image 2019; 30:75-80. [PMID: 31200234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Perfectionistic self-presentation refers to a desire to create an image of flawlessness in the eyes of the others and has been associated with more negative body image. We extended previous research by examining associations between perfectionistic self-presentation and breast size dissatisfaction, and also examined whether motherhood status moderated this association. A total of 484 Italian women (age M = 40.39, SD = 13.73; mothers n = 53.9%) completed measures of perfectionistic self-presentation (perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection) and breast size dissatisfaction. Preliminary analyses indicated that a majority of the sample (69.2%) reported breast size dissatisfaction, with 44.4% and 24.4% desiring larger and smaller breasts, respectively, than they currently had. Only perfectionistic self-promotion and nondisplay of imperfection were significantly correlated with breast size dissatisfaction. Both associations were additionally moderated by motherhood status, with associations being significant in non-mothers but not in mothers. Our findings suggest that motherhood may help decouple the link between perfectionistic self-presentation and breast size dissatisfaction. Future studies should assess whether this effect is due to an enhanced maternal view of breasts that emphasises nurturing and biological functions or a result of weaker investment in sociocultural norms on physical appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
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24
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Schepisi M, Porciello G, Bufalari I, Aglioti SM, Panasiti MS. Left Threatened by Right: Political Intergroup Bias in the Contemporary Italian Context. Front Psychol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30733693 PMCID: PMC6353823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using different evaluation targets (i.e., politicians' pictures, ideological words, items referring to features attributed to political ingroup/outgroup) we characterized the intergroup bias among political groups in the Italian context (Study 1-2-3) and tested a model that may account for the bias itself (Study 3). For all evaluation targets, left-wing participants - compared to right-wing participants - showed a greater intergroup bias, expressing more negative emotions toward the outgroup. The process was influenced by a greater perceived threat of the outgroup. Conversely, right-wing participants expressed the bias only when presented with ideological words. Our results provide a detailed description of how intergroup bias in Italy is differently expressed by the two ideological groups depending on the targets used to represent the political counterpart. Moreover, the results show that the stronger bias expressed by left-wing participants is driven by perceived threat of the outgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schepisi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bufalari
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology of Developmental Processes and Socialization, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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25
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Ponsi G, Monachesi B, Panasiti V, Aglioti SM, Panasiti MS. Physiological and behavioral reactivity to social exclusion: a functional infrared thermal imaging study in patients with psoriasis. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:38-49. [PMID: 30379630 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00555.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity can be heavily impacted not only by basic threats to survival but also by threats to social bonds. In this study we explored the behavioral and physiological consequences of social exclusion/inclusion in patients with psoriasis, a disease frequently associated with the experience of being ostracized and with deficient emotion regulation skills. We employed a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball) to induce the experience of social exclusion/inclusion. We then used a Trust Game to measure the effects of this social modulation on trust. During Cyberball, infrared thermal imaging was used to record participants' facial temperature and thus obtain an online measure of SNS activation. Behavioral data showed that social exclusion shifted participants' trust toward unfamiliar players who had not previously excluded them. Physiological data indicated that in control participants, social exclusion triggered higher SNS activation than inclusion. No such effect was found in patients with psoriasis, whose SNS activity was the same during inclusion as it was during exclusion, suggesting that they benefit less from inclusive experiences than control participants. In addition, in patients but not in controls, higher SNS activation during social exclusion was linked to higher monetary investment toward unfamiliar players, a result in keeping with the social reconnection hypothesis, according to which emotions triggered by social rejection can be regulated by investing in new social interactions. We also found that an increase in periorbital temperature is accompanied by a decrease in happiness ratings after social exclusion was experienced during the Cyberball game. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous research on emotional processes in psoriasis has mainly employed self-report measures. In this study we used thermal imaging to obtain an online measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity during social exclusion and tested how this experience influenced subsequent trust. We found that being included was a less positive experience for patients compared with controls and that SNS activity during exclusion had a stronger influence on subsequent trust in patients than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Bianca Monachesi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
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26
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Panasiti MS, Ponsi G, Monachesi B, Lorenzini L, Panasiti V, Aglioti SM. Cognitive load and emotional processing in psoriasis: a thermal imaging study. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:211-222. [PMID: 30374785 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic dermatologic disease which is frequently associated with psychological distress. Although studies suggest a relationship between this condition and difficulties in emotion regulation, behavioral and physiological evidence about this link is scarce. We measured implicit emotion regulation abilities of psoriasis patients and a healthy control group by examining the impact of distracting emotional (positive, negative or neutral) images on a working memory task ("Emotional N-Back") which could present high (2-back) or low (1-back) cognitive workload. Moreover, we used Functional Infrared Thermal Imaging to record participants' facial temperature and obtain a measure of the activation of the autonomic system. Rising of temperature over the peri-orbital areas and the nose tip are believed to reflect the activation and the de-activation of the sympathetic system, respectively. Patients scored higher than controls on the "Lack of emotional clarity" sub-scale of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Compared to controls, who performed much better in the low vs. high cognitive load condition, patients showed a smaller accuracy difference between the two conditions. Moreover, patients showed less sympathetic (lower peri-orbital and higher nasal tip temperature) activity (especially in the negative and neutral blocks) during the high vs. low cognitive load condition, suggesting that the former condition might be less emotionally demanding for them. Patients benefit more than controls from the load-dependent interference effect when dealing with emotional information; thus, therapeutic techniques aiming at teaching how to use cognitive strategies to downregulate emotions might be particularly appropriated for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Monachesi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Lorenzini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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27
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Rizza G, Aglioti SM. Thermal facial reactivity patterns predict social categorization bias triggered by unconscious and conscious emotional stimuli. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0908. [PMID: 28855358 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of highly social species decode, interpret, and react to the emotion of a conspecific depending on whether the other belongs to the same (ingroup) or different (outgroup) social group. While studies indicate that consciously perceived emotional stimuli drive social categorization, information about how implicit emotional stimuli and specific physiological signatures affect social categorization is lacking. We addressed this issue by exploring whether subliminal and supraliminal affective priming can influence the categorization of neutral faces as ingroup versus outgroup. Functional infrared thermal imaging was used to investigate whether the effect of affective priming on the categorization decision was moderated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). During the subliminal condition, we found that stronger SNS activation after positive or negative affective primes induced ingroup and outgroup face categorization, respectively. The exact opposite pattern (i.e. outgroup after positive and ingroup after negative primes) was observed in the supraliminal condition. We also found that misattribution effects were stronger in people with low emotional awareness, suggesting that this trait moderates how one recognizes SNS signals and employs them for unrelated decisions. Our results allow the remarkable implication that low-level affective reactions coupled with sympathetic activation may bias social categorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Via dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306-00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Via dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy .,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306-00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Rizza
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Via dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306-00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Via dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy .,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306-00142 Rome, Italy
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28
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM, Liuzza MT. Correction: Right-wing authoritarianism and stereotype-driven expectations interact in shaping intergroup trust in one-shot vs multiple-round social interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191811. [PMID: 29352296 PMCID: PMC5774835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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29
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM, Liuzza MT. Right-wing authoritarianism and stereotype-driven expectations interact in shaping intergroup trust in one-shot vs multiple-round social interactions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190142. [PMID: 29284019 PMCID: PMC5746237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust towards unrelated individuals is often conditioned by information about previous social interactions that can be derived from either personal or vicarious experience (e.g., reputation). Intergroup stereotypes can be operationalized as expectations about other groups’ traits/attitudes/behaviors that heavily influence our behavioral predictions when interacting with them. In this study we investigated the role of perceived social dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM)–Warmth (W) and Competence (C)—in affecting trusting behavior towards different European national group members during the Trust Game. Given the well-known role of ideological attitudes in regulating stereotypes, we also measured individual differences in right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). In Experiment 1, we designed an online survey to study one-shot intergroup trust decisions by employing putative members of the European Union states which were also rated along SCM dimensions. We found that low-RWA participants’ trusting behavior was driven by perceived warmth (i.e., the dimension signaling the benevolence of social intentions) when interacting with low-C groups. In Experiment 2, we investigated the dynamics of trust in a multiple-round version of the European Trust Game. We found that in low-RWA participants trusting behavior decreased over time when interacting with high-W groups (i.e., expected to reciprocate trust), but did not change when interacting with low-W groups (i.e., expected not to reciprocate trust). Moreover, we found that high-RWA participants’ trusting behavior decreased when facing low-W groups but not high-W ones. This suggests that low-RWA individuals employ reputational priors but are also permeable to external evidence when learning about others’ trustworthiness. In contrast, high-RWA individuals kept relying on stereotypes despite contextual information. These results confirm the pivotal role played by reputational priors triggered by perceived warmth in shaping social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MSP)
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MSP)
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro
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30
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Panasiti MS, Porciello G, Aglioti SM. The bright and the dark sides of motor simulation. Neuropsychologia 2017; 105:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Azevedo RT, Panasiti MS, Maglio R, Aglioti SM. Perceived warmth and competence of others shape voluntary deceptive behaviour in a morally relevant setting. Br J Psychol 2017; 109:25-44. [PMID: 28276063 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The temptation to deceive others compares to a moral dilemma: it involves a conflict between the temptation to obtain some benefit and the desire to conform to personal and social moral norms or avoid aversive social consequences. Thus, people might feel different levels of emotional and moral conflict depending on the target of the deception. Here we explored, in a morally relevant setting, how social judgements based on two fundamental dimensions of human social cognition - 'warmth' and 'competence' - impact on the decision to deceive others. Results revealed independent effects for warmth and competence. Specifically, while people are less inclined to deceive for self-gain those individuals they perceive as warm, they also tend to lie more to highly competent others. Furthermore, the perceived warmth and competence modulated the general tendency to reduce deceptive behaviour when there was a risk of disclosure compared to when the lying was anonymous, highlighting the importance of these judgements in social evaluation processes. Together, our results demonstrate that the emotional costs and personal moral standards that inhibit engagement in deceptive behaviour are not stable but rather malleable according to the target and the consequences of the deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben T Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Serena Panasiti
| | - Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Scandola M, Aglioti SM. Influence of warmth and competence on the promotion of safe in-group selection: Stereotype content model and social categorization of faces. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2015; 69:1464-79. [PMID: 26288181 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1084339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Categorizing an individual as a friend or foe plays a pivotal role in navigating the social world. According to the stereotype content model (SCM), social perception relies on two fundamental dimensions, warmth and competence, which allow us to process the intentions of others and their ability to enact those intentions, respectively. Social cognition research indicates that, in categorization tasks, people tend to classify other individuals as more likely to belong to the out-group than the in-group (in-group overexclusion effect, IOE) when lacking diagnostic information, probably with the aim of protecting in-group integrity. Here, we explored the role of warmth and competence in group-membership decisions by testing 62 participants in a social-categorization task consisting of 150 neutral faces. We assessed whether (a) warmth and competence ratings could predict the in-group/out-group categorization, and (b) the reliance on these two dimensions differed in low-IOE versus high-IOE participants. Data showed that high ratings of warmth and competence were necessary to categorize a face as in-group. Moreover, while low-IOE participants relied on warmth, high-IOE participants relied on competence. This finding suggests that the proneness to include/exclude unknown identities in/from one's own in-group is related to individual differences in the reliance on SCM social dimensions. Furthermore, the primacy of the warmth effect seems not to represent a universal phenomenon adopted in the context of social evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponsi
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - M S Panasiti
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.,c Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - M Scandola
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.,d Department of Philosophy, Education and Psychology , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - S M Aglioti
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
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Panasiti MS, Puzzo I, Chakrabarti B. Autistic Traits Moderate the Impact of Reward Learning on Social Behaviour. Autism Res 2015; 9:471-9. [PMID: 26280134 PMCID: PMC4949660 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A deficit in empathy has been suggested to underlie social behavioural atypicalities in autism. A parallel theoretical account proposes that reduced social motivation (i.e., low responsivity to social rewards) can account for the said atypicalities. Recent evidence suggests that autistic traits modulate the link between reward and proxy metrics related to empathy. Using an evaluative conditioning paradigm to associate high and low rewards with faces, a previous study has shown that individuals high in autistic traits show reduced spontaneous facial mimicry of faces associated with high vs. low reward. This observation raises the possibility that autistic traits modulate the magnitude of evaluative conditioning. To test this, we investigated (a) if autistic traits could modulate the ability to implicitly associate a reward value to a social stimulus (reward learning/conditioning, using the Implicit Association Task, IAT); (b) if the learned association could modulate participants’ prosocial behaviour (i.e., social reciprocity, measured using the cyberball task); (c) if the strength of this modulation was influenced by autistic traits. In 43 neurotypical participants, we found that autistic traits moderated the relationship of social reward learning on prosocial behaviour but not reward learning itself. This evidence suggests that while autistic traits do not directly influence social reward learning, they modulate the relationship of social rewards with prosocial behaviour. Autism Res2016, 9: 471–479. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Puzzo
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Trilla Gros I, Panasiti MS, Chakrabarti B. The plasticity of the mirror system: how reward learning modulates cortical motor simulation of others. Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:255-62. [PMID: 25744871 PMCID: PMC4415906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cortical motor simulation supports the understanding of others' actions and intentions. This mechanism is thought to rely on the mirror neuron system (MNS), a brain network that is active both during action execution and observation. Indirect evidence suggests that (alpha/beta) mu suppression, an electroencephalographic (EEG) index of MNS activity, is modulated by reward. In this study we aimed to test the plasticity of the MNS by directly investigating the link between (alpha/beta) mu suppression and reward. 40 individuals from a general population sample took part in an evaluative conditioning experiment, where different neutral faces were associated with high or low reward values. In the test phase, EEG was recorded while participants viewed videoclips of happy expressions made by the conditioned faces. Alpha/beta mu suppression (identified using event-related desynchronisation of specific independent components) in response to rewarding faces was found to be greater than for non-rewarding faces. This result provides a mechanistic insight into the plasticity of the MNS and, more generally, into the role of reward in modulating physiological responses linked to empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trilla Gros
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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Panasiti MS, Pavone EF, Mancini A, Merla A, Grisoni L, Aglioti SM. The motor cost of telling lies: electrocortical signatures and personality foundations of spontaneous deception. Soc Neurosci 2014; 9:573-89. [PMID: 24979665 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2014.934394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although universal, lying is generally considered immoral behavior. Most neuroscience studies on lying sanction or instruct deceptive behaviors and thus might fail to acknowledge the significance of lie-related moral conflicts. By combining electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings with a novel paradigm in which participants decided freely whether to deceive another person, we have generated indices of the cognitive (reaction times and stimulus-locked event-related components) and moral (readiness potential and its correlations with deception-related personality traits) cost of spontaneous deception. Our data fail to support the consensus that deception is cognitively more demanding than truth telling, suggesting that spontaneous deception, as opposed to lying out of requirement, might not mandate additional cognitive workload. Interestingly, lying was associated with decreased motor readiness, an event-related potential (ERP) component that is linked to motor preparation of self-determined actions and modulated when we face moral dilemmas. Notably, this reduction was less extensive in manipulative participants and greater in those who cared highly about their impression management. Our study expands on previous findings on deception by associating a cortical marker of reduced preparation to act with individual differences in moral cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Mancini A, Betti V, Panasiti MS, Pavone EF, Aglioti SM. Perceiving monetary loss as due to inequity reduces behavioral and cortical responses to pain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2378-88. [PMID: 24716878 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies indicate that physical and social pain may share some mechanisms and neural correlates. Nothing is known, however, on whether the neural activity in the nociceptive system, as indexed by laser-evoked potentials (LEPs), is modified when suffering the consequences of a conspecific violating social norms. To explore this issue, we created an interaction scenario where participants could gain money by performing a time-estimation task. On each win-trial, another player connected online could arbitrarily decide to keep the participant's pay-off for him- or herself. Thus, participants knew that monetary loss could occur because of their own failure in performing the task or because of the inequitable behavior of another individual. Moreover, participants were asked to play for themselves or on behalf of a third party. In reality, the win/loss events were entirely decided by an ad hoc programmed computer. At the end of the interaction, participants reported if they believed the game-playing interaction was real. Results showed that the loss due to the opponent's inequitable behavior brought about a reduction both in pain intensity self-reports and in the amplitude of LEPs' components (i.e., N2, N2/P2, P2a, P2b). Importantly, both the behavioral and neurophysiological effects were found in the participants who believed their deserved payoff was stolen by their opponent. Furthermore, reduction of vertex components was present only when the inequitable behavior was directed toward the self. These results suggest that, far from being a private experience, pain perception might be modulated by the social saliency of interpersonal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mancini
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Mancini A, Betti V, Panasiti MS, Pavone EF, Aglioti SM. Suffering makes you egoist: acute pain increases acceptance rates and reduces fairness during a bilateral ultimatum game. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26008. [PMID: 22022492 PMCID: PMC3192138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social preferences like interpersonal altruism, fairness, reciprocity and inequity aversion are inherently linked to departures from pure self-interest. During economic interactions, for example, defectors may be punished even if this implies a cost for the punishers. This violation of canonical assumptions in economics indicates that socially oriented decisions may predominate over self-centred stances. Here we explore whether the personal experience of pain changes the balance between self-gain and socially based choices. We used laser stimulation to induce pain or a warm sensation in subjects playing a modified version of the Ultimatum Game (UG) both in the role of responder and proposer. After each shot, responders evaluated the fairness of the offer. Moreover, responders and proposers rated the intensity and unpleasantness of the sensation evoked by the laser stimulation. Results show that suffering proposers decrease fair offers and suffering responders increase their acceptance rate irrespective of economic offer. Crucially, the intensity of painful stimulation has a predictive role on Moderately Unfair offers' acceptance rates. Thus the personal experience of pain may favour the emergence of a self-centered perspective aimed at maximizing self-gain. The results suggest that bodily states play a fundamental role in higher-order interpersonal negotiations and interactions.
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Abstract
Does opportunity make the thief or are people dispositionally prone to deceive? The interaction between personality and the circumstances surrounding deception is crucial to understand what promotes dishonesty in our society. Due to its inherent spontaneity and sociality, deceptive behaviour may be hardly reproducible in experimental settings. We developed a novel paradigm in the form of an interactive game where participants can choose whether to lie to another person in situations of loss vs. gain, and of no-reputation-risk vs. reputation-risk linked to the disclosure of their deceptive behaviour to others. Thus, our ecological paradigm allowed subjects to spontaneously decide when to lie and face the challenge of deceiving others. In the case of loss, participants lied to reverse the outcome in their favour. Deception was lower in the reputation-risk condition where personality traits concerning social interactions also played an important role. The results suggest that deception is definitely promoted by unfavourable events, and that maintaining one's own reputation encourages honesty, particularly in socially inclined individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Panasiti
- Psychology Department, Sapienza – University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Francesco Pavone
- Psychology Department, Sapienza – University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Psychology Department, Sapienza – University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Luvisetto S, Marinelli S, Panasiti MS, D'Amato FR, Fletcher CF, Pavone F, Pietrobon D. Pain sensitivity in mice lacking the Ca(v)2.1alpha1 subunit of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. Neuroscience 2006; 142:823-32. [PMID: 16890369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Ca(V)) channels in pain mechanisms has been the object of intense investigation using pharmacological approaches and, more recently, using mutant mouse models lacking the Ca(V)alpha(l) pore-forming subunit of N-, R- and T-type channels. The role of P/Q-type channels in nociception and pain transmission has been investigated by pharmacological approaches but remains to be fully elucidated. To address this issue, we have analyzed pain-related behavioral responses of null mutant mice for the Ca(V)2.1alpha(1) subunit of P/Q-type channels. Homozygous null mutant Ca(V)2.1alpha(1)-/- mice developed dystonia at 10-12 days after birth and did not survive past weaning. Tested at ages where motor deficit was either absent or very mild, Ca(V)2.1alpha(1)-/- mice showed reduced tail withdrawal latencies in the tail-flick test and reduced abdominal writhes in the acetic acid writhing test. Adult heterozygous Ca(V)2.1alpha(1)+/- mice did not show motor deficits in the rotarod and activity cage tests and did not show alterations in pain responses in the tail-flick test and the acetic acid writhing test. Strikingly, they showed a reduced licking response during the second phase of formalin-induced inflammatory pain and a reduced mechanical allodynia in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Our findings show that P/Q-type channels play an antinociceptive role in sensitivity to non-injurious noxious thermal stimuli and a pronociceptive role in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states, pointing to an important role of Ca(V)2.1 channels in central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luvisetto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Section of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy.
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