1
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Amaria R, Knisely A, Vining D, Kopetz S, Overman MJ, Javle M, Antonoff MB, Tzeng CWD, Wolff RA, Pant S, Lito K, Rangel K, Fellman B, Yuan Y, Lu KH, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Haymaker CL, Forget MA, Hwu P, Bernatchez C, Jazaeri AA. Efficacy and safety of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e006822. [PMID: 38309721 PMCID: PMC10840042 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown efficacy in metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other solid tumors. Our preclinical work demonstrated more robust CD8 predominant TIL production when agonistic anti-4-1BB and CD3 antibodies were used in early ex vivo TIL culture. METHODS Patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal (CRC), pancreatic (PDAC) and ovarian (OVCA) cancers were eligible. Lymphodepleting chemotherapy was followed by infusion of ex vivo expanded TIL, manufactured at MD Anderson Cancer Center with IL-2 and agonistic stimulation of CD3 and 4-1BB (urelumab). Patients received up to six doses of high-dose IL-2 after TIL infusion. Primary endpoint was evaluation of objective response rate at 12 weeks using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 with secondary endpoints including disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS 17 patients underwent TIL harvest and 16 were treated on protocol (NCT03610490), including 8 CRC, 5 PDAC, and 3 OVCA patients. Median age was 57.5 (range 33-70) and 50% were females. Median number of lines of prior therapy was 2 (range 1-8). No responses were observed at 12 weeks. Ten subjects achieved at least one stable disease (SD) assessment for a DCR of 62.5% (95% CI 35.4% to 84.8%). Best response included prolonged SD in a patient with PDAC lasting 17 months. Median PFS and OS across cohorts were 2.53 months (95% CI 1.54 to 4.11) and 18.86 months (95% CI 4.86 to NR), respectively. Grade 3 or higher toxicities attributable to therapy were seen in 14 subjects (87.5%; 95% CI 61.7% to 98.4%). Infusion product analysis showed the presence of effector memory cells with high expression of CD39 irrespective of tumor type and low expression of checkpoint markers. CONCLUSIONS TIL manufactured with assistance of 4-1BB and CD3 agonism is feasible and treatment is associated with no new safety signals. While no responses were observed, a significant portion of patients achieved SD suggesting early/partial immunological effect. Further research is required to identify factors associated with resistance and functionally enhance T cells for a more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodabe Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anne Knisely
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Vining
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ching-Wei D Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Lito
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Rangel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- SVP Discovery & Platforms, Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Andrews MC, Oba J, Wu CJ, Zhu H, Karpinets T, Creasy CA, Forget MA, Yu X, Song X, Mao X, Robertson AG, Romano G, Li P, Burton EM, Lu Y, Sloane RS, Wani KM, Rai K, Lazar AJ, Haydu LE, Bustos MA, Shen J, Chen Y, Morgan MB, Wargo JA, Kwong LN, Haymaker CL, Grimm EA, Hwu P, Hoon DSB, Zhang J, Gershenwald JE, Davies MA, Futreal PA, Bernatchez C, Woodman SE. Multi-modal molecular programs regulate melanoma cell state. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4000. [PMID: 35810190 PMCID: PMC9271073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells display distinct intrinsic phenotypic states. Here, we seek to characterize the molecular regulation of these states using multi-omic analyses of whole exome, transcriptome, microRNA, long non-coding RNA and DNA methylation data together with reverse-phase protein array data on a panel of 68 highly annotated early passage melanoma cell lines. We demonstrate that clearly defined cancer cell intrinsic transcriptomic programs are maintained in melanoma cells ex vivo and remain highly conserved within melanoma tumors, are associated with distinct immune features within tumors, and differentially correlate with checkpoint inhibitor and adoptive T cell therapy efficacy. Through integrative analyses we demonstrate highly complex multi-omic regulation of melanoma cell intrinsic programs that provide key insights into the molecular maintenance of phenotypic states. These findings have implications for cancer biology and the identification of new therapeutic strategies. Further, these deeply characterized cell lines will serve as an invaluable resource for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C. Andrews
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Junna Oba
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Caitlin A. Creasy
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiaoxing Yu
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xingzhi Song
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xizeng Mao
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Gordon Robertson
- grid.434706.20000 0004 0410 5424Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Dxige Research Inc., Courtenay, BC Canada
| | - Gabriele Romano
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Peng Li
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Burton
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert Szczepaniak Sloane
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Khalida M. Wani
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lauren E. Haydu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Matias A. Bustos
- grid.416507.10000 0004 0450 0360Departments of Translational Molecular Medicine and Genomic Sequencing Center, St John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX USA
| | - Yueping Chen
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX USA
| | - Margaret B. Morgan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lawrence N. Kwong
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Cara L. Haymaker
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Grimm
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- grid.416507.10000 0004 0450 0360Departments of Translational Molecular Medicine and Genomic Sequencing Center, St John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Gershenwald
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael A. Davies
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Biologics Development, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Scott E. Woodman
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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3
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Fix SM, Forget MA, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Wang Y, Griffiths TM, Lee M, Haymaker CL, Dominguez AL, Basar R, Reyes C, Kumar S, Meyer LA, Hwu P, Bernatchez C, Jazaeri AA. CRISPR-mediated TGFBR2 knockout renders human ovarian cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes resistant to TGF-β signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003750. [PMID: 35882447 PMCID: PMC9330322 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between elevated T-cell infiltration and improved survival of ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients suggests that endogenous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) possess some degree of antitumor activity that can be harnessed for OvCa immunotherapy. We previously optimized a protocol for ex vivo OvCa TIL expansion for adoptive cell therapy, which is now being tested in a clinical trial at our institution (NCT03610490). Building on this success, we embarked on genetic modification of OvCa TIL to overcome key immunosuppressive factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present the preclinical optimization of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the TGF-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) in patient-derived OvCa TIL. Methods OvCa TILs were generated from four patients’ tumor samples obtained at surgical resection and subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of TGFBR2 before undergoing a rapid expansion protocol. TGFBR2-directed gRNAs were comprehensively evaluated for their TGFBR2 knockout efficiency and off-target activity. Furthermore, the impact of TGFBR2 knockout on TIL expansion, function, and downstream signaling was assayed. Results TGFBR2 knockout efficiencies ranging from 59±6% to 100%±0% were achieved using 5 gRNAs tested in four independent OvCa TIL samples. TGFBR2 knockout TIL were resistant to immunosuppressive TGF-β signaling as evidenced by a lack of SMAD phosphorylation, a lack of global transcriptional changes in response to TGF-β stimulation, equally strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the presence and absence of TGF-β, and improved cytotoxicity in the presence of TGF-β. CRISPR-modification itself did not alter the ex vivo expansion efficiency, immunophenotype, nor the TCR clonal diversity of OvCa TIL. Importantly for clinical translation, comprehensive analysis of CRISPR off-target effects revealed no evidence of off-target activity for our top two TGFBR2-targeting gRNAs. Conclusions CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout is feasible and efficient in patient-derived OvCa TIL using clinically-scalable methods. We achieved efficient and specific TGFBR2 knockout, yielding an expanded OvCa TIL product that was resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β. This study lays the groundwork for clinical translation of CRISPR-modified TIL, providing opportunities for engineering more potent TIL therapies not only for OvCa treatment, but for the treatment of other solid cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Fix
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yunfei Wang
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tamara M Griffiths
- Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minjung Lee
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Lucía Dominguez
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafet Basar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Reyes
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Larissa A Meyer
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Schalck A, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Sei E, Hughes T, Bai S, Hu M, Kumar T, Hurd M, Katz M, Tzeng CW, Pant S, Javle M, Maitra A, Haymaker C, Kim M, Navin N, Bernatchez C. Abstract 2847: Simultaneous TCR and transcriptomic sequencing of single Tcells defines biological subtypes in pancreatic cancer for adoptive Tcell therapy. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal tumor-type with very few effective treatment strategies. Attempts to improve outcomes using immune checkpoint blockade therapy have also failed, likely because the overall Tcell infiltration in this tumor-type is low. Despite this, the presence of CD3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in PDAC is associated with improved survival outcomes, suggesting that other immune-based strategies could be more successful. Here, we examine ex vivo tumor-infiltrating Tcell expansion for adoptive Tcell therapy (ACT) as a potential strategy for treating PDAC. The focus of this study is to understand the transcriptional states of Tcells in the pancreas and PDACs and how they change with ex vivo expansion and re-infusion into patients as treatment strategy. We have performed both single cell transcriptome and TCR sequencing (scRNA-TCRseq) on 54,579 Tcells from 8 human PDAC samples and the ex vivo grown TIL from a subset of 6 patients and found 13 purported substates. Through TCR tracking of the Tcell clonotypes, we find that the expansion protocol is able to expand Tcells found in many different Tcell states in the primary tumor. Furthermore, we compared our thirteen tumor-infiltrating substates with 41,935 Tcells from two other independent single cell studies across 71 samples, and confirmed our substates to be present across all datasets.
Citation Format: Aislyn Schalck, Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson, Marie-Andrée Forget, Emi Sei, Tara Hughes, Shanshan Bai, Min Hu, Tapsi Kumar, Mark Hurd, Matthew Katz, Chine-Wei Tzeng, Shubham Pant, Milind Javle, Anirban Maitra, Cara Haymaker, Michael Kim, Nicholas Navin, Chantale Bernatchez. Simultaneous TCR and transcriptomic sequencing of single Tcells defines biological subtypes in pancreatic cancer for adoptive Tcell therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2847.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emi Sei
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Min Hu
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mark Hurd
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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5
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Creasy CA, Meng YJ, Forget MA, Karpinets T, Tomczak K, Stewart C, Torres-Cabala CA, Pilon-Thomas S, Sarnaik AA, Mulé JJ, Garraway L, Bustos M, Zhang J, Patel SP, Diab A, Glitza IC, Yee C, Tawbi H, Wong MK, McQuade J, Hoon DSB, Davies MA, Hwu P, Amaria RN, Haymaker C, Beroukhim R, Bernatchez C. Genomic Correlates of Outcome in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1911-1924. [PMID: 35190823 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) historically yields a 40%-50% response rate in metastatic melanoma. However, the determinants of outcome are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated tumor-based genomic correlates of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response to therapy by interrogating tumor samples initially collected to generate TIL infusion products. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 64 samples indicated a positive correlation between neoantigen load and OS, but not PFS or response to therapy. RNA sequencing analysis of 34 samples showed that expression of PDE1C, RTKN2, and NGFR was enriched in responders who had improved PFS and OS. In contrast, the expression of ELFN1 was enriched in patients with unfavorable response, poor PFS and OS, whereas enhanced methylation of ELFN1 was observed in patients with favorable outcomes. Expression of ELFN1, NGFR, and PDE1C was mainly found in cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells in tumor tissues across different cancer types in publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, suggesting a role for elements of the tumor microenvironment in defining the outcome of TIL therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that transcriptional features of melanomas correlate with outcomes after TIL therapy and may provide candidates to guide patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Yuzhong Jeff Meng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna Tomczak
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - James J Mulé
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Levi Garraway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matias Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
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6
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Shah P, Forget MA, Frank ML, Jiang P, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Federico L, Khairullah R, Neutzler CA, Wistuba I, Chow CWB, Long Y, Fujimoto J, Lin SY, Maitra A, Negrao MV, Mitchell KG, Weissferdt A, Vaporciyan AA, Cascone T, Roth JA, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Haymaker CL, McGrail DJ, Reuben A, Bernatchez C. Combined IL-2, agonistic CD3 and 4-1BB stimulation preserve clonotype hierarchy in propagated non-small cell lung cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003082. [PMID: 35110355 PMCID: PMC8811607 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) yielded clinical benefit in patients with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy-refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prompting a renewed interest in TIL-ACT. This preclinical study explores the feasibility of producing a NSCLC TIL product with sufficient numbers and enhanced attributes using an improved culture method. Methods TIL from resected NSCLC tumors were initially cultured using (1) the traditional method using interleukin (IL)-2 alone in 24-well plates (TIL 1.0) or (2) IL-2 in combination with agonistic antibodies against CD3 and 4-1BB (Urelumab) in a G-Rex flask (TIL 3.0). TIL subsequently underwent a rapid expansion protocol (REP) with anti-CD3. Before and after the REP, expanded TIL were phenotyped and the complementarity-determining region 3 β variable region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) was sequenced to assess the T-cell repertoire. Results TIL 3.0 robustly expanded NSCLC TIL while enriching for CD8+ TIL in a shorter manufacturing time when compared with the traditional TIL 1.0 method, achieving a higher success rate and producing 5.3-fold more TIL per successful expansion. The higher proliferative capacity and CD8 content of TIL 3.0 was also observed after the REP. Both steps of expansion did not terminally differentiate/exhaust the TIL but a lesser differentiated population was observed after the first step. TIL initially expanded with the 3.0 method exhibited higher breadth of clonotypes than TIL 1.0 corresponding to a higher repertoire homology with the original tumor, including a higher proportion of the top 10 most prevalent clones from the tumor. TIL 3.0 also retained a higher proportion of putative tumor-specific TCR when compared with TIL 1.0. Numerical expansion of TIL in a REP was found to perturb the clonal hierarchy and lessen the proportion of putative tumor-specific TIL from the TIL 3.0 process. Conclusions We report the feasibility of robustly expanding a T-cell repertoire recapitulating the clonal hierarchy of the T cells in the NSCLC tumor, including a large number of putative tumor-specific TIL clones, using the TIL 3.0 methodology. If scaled up and employed as a sole expansion platform, the robustness and speed of TIL 3.0 may facilitate the testing of TIL-ACT approaches in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Shah
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Biologics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meredith L Frank
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peixin Jiang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Federico
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roohussaba Khairullah
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chi-Wan B Chow
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Gregory Mitchell
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA .,Biologics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Fulbright OJ, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C. Isolation and Maintenance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Translational and Clinical Applications: Established Methods and New Developments. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:43-71. [PMID: 34993939 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for the treatment of patients with advanced stages of metastatic melanoma remains one of the most beneficial therapies eliciting long-lasting responses. Methods and protocols used to expand TIL have evolved over time, utilizing different culture devices and other tools, to streamline and maximize the end product in both numbers and quality. Summarized in this chapter are the latest protocols used in the TIL program at MDACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Fix S, Forget MA, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Wang Y, Dominguez AL, Basar R, Reyes C, Kumar S, Meyer L, Hwu P, Bernatchez C, Jazaeri A. 172 Overcoming immunosuppressive TGF-β signaling in human ovarian cancer-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes via non-viral CRISPR engineering. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOur ongoing clinical trial for the treatment of melanoma with TGF-β-resistant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) [TGF-β dominant negative receptor 2 (TGFβDNR2) transduced-TIL] has yielded long-term responses in checkpoint refractory patients (NCT01955460). Building on this success, we sought to extend the impact of TGF-β–resistant TIL therapy to additional cancers while optimizing a non-viral alternative to transduction with a TGFβDNR2. Ovarian cancer (OvCa), which is characterized by an abundance of TGF-β, a dysfunctional immune infiltrate, and a paucity of novel treatment options, is an ideal candidate for TGF-β–resistant TIL therapy. Here, we present an optimized and clinically-scalable method for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the TGF-β receptor (TGFBR2) in OvCa TIL.MethodsOvCa TIL were generated from tumor fragments1 and subjected to CRISPR-mediated knockout of TGFBR2 before going through a rapid expansion protocol. Resistance of TGFBR2-knockout TIL to TGF-β signaling was evaluated via quantification of downstream SMAD-2/-3 phosphorylation, global transcriptional changes upon TGF-β exposure, and cytokine release following TCR stimulation in the presence of TGF-β. The impact of CRISPR modification on TIL expansion and TCR clonal diversity was evaluated. Finally, the risk of off-target CRISPR activity throughout the genome was evaluated using Target Enriched GUIDE-seq (TEG-seq)2 followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) validation of putative off-target sites.ResultsUsing five TGFBR2-directed guide RNAs (gRNAs), we achieved gene disruption efficiencies ranging from 48%–90%, which correlated inversely with the degree of SMAD phosphorylation after TGF-β exposure (r=-0.9440, p=0.0158, n=4 donors) (figure 1A-C). TGF-β exposure induced a strong transcriptional response in wild-type TIL but had little to no effect on TGFBR2-knockout TIL (figure 2). TGFBR2-knockout TIL functioned well in the presence of exogenous TGF-β as evidenced by equally strong secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the presence and absence of TGF-β (figure 3). CRISPR-modification did not hamper the ex vivo expansion efficiency nor the TCR clonal diversity of expanded OvCa TIL (figure 4). Using TEG-seq, we identified ≤5 low-probability off-target sites for gRNA-#3 and gRNA-#4, each of which were attributed to background sequencing artifacts upon further validation by NGS of specific amplicons (figure 5).Abstract 172 Figure 1(A) Genomic-level TGFBR2 knockout efficiency using 5 different gRNAs as evidenced by NGS of specific amplicons (n=1 TIL donor). (B) SMAD-2 and SMAD-3 phosphorylation in TGFBR2 knockout TIL vs. control TIL after 30 min exposure to TGF-β1. The left panel shows representative histograms of phospho-SMAD staining, and the right panel shows quantification of cells positive for phospho-SMAD-2/-3 after TGF-β exposure (n=4 TIL donors). The statistical significance of each experimental condition compared to the non-transfected control is shown. (C) Inverse correlation of TGFBR2 knockout efficiency and TGF-β-mediated SMAD phosphorylation.Abstract 172 Figure 2Top 100 differentially expressed genes in non-transfected (WT) TIL exposed to TGF-β. TGFBR2 knockout (KO) TIL display minimal gene expression changes upon TGF-β exposure (n=3 technical replicates).Abstract 172 Figure 3TIL were collected after 14 days of expansion and re-stimulated with 300 ng/mL plate-bound anti-CD3 in the presence of 3000 IU/mL IL2 and 10 ng/mL human TGF-β1 or vehicle. Cell culture supernatant was collected after 72 hrs of stimulation and assayed for the presence of 10 proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, and TNF-α). For TIL with intact TGFBR2 (non-transfected and Cas9 mock transfected TIL), the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the presence of TGF-β. Conversely, TGFBR2 knockout TIL (generated using gRNA #3 or gRNA #4) retain cytokine secretion in the presence of TGF-β. IL-12p70 was below the limit of detection in this assay and is therefore not presented.Abstract 172 Figure 4(A) Control and CRISPR-modified OvCa TIL expand with equal efficiency during a 14-day rapid expansion protocol. Fold expansions ranging from 1000× - 3000× were observed across 4 independent patient samples. (B) The TCR clonal diversity of TIL after 14-day expansion was assessed by TCRB sequencing. Productive Simpson Clonality was equivalent in CRISPR-modified TIL compared to control TIL samples.Abstract 172 Figure 5TEG-seq revealed 3 putative off-target sites for gRNA #3 and 5 putative off-target sites for gRNA #4. The aligned sequences show similarities and differences between the gRNA sequence and the reference genome site. Dots represent exact matches in the reference genome compared to the gRNA sequence. Dashes represent missing bases, lower-case letters represent extra bases, and upper-case letters represent a base mismatch. Validation by NGS of specific amplicons confirmed the presence of TEG-seq Tag integration and large indels at the on-target cleavage sites for gRNA #3 and #4, indicating successful Cas9 editing and Tag integration in our experiment. NGS validation revealed that all putative low probability off-target sites were background artifacts as evidenced by the lack of Tag identification and lack of large indels.ConclusionsCRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of TGFBR2 is feasible and efficient in patient-derived OvCa TIL using clinically-scalable methods that yield little to no evidence of off-target activity. This study lays the groundwork for clinical translation of CRISPR-modified, TGF-β-resistant TIL for OvCa treatment, which will not only provide a novel immunotherapy for OvCa patients but also a platform for engineering more potent TIL therapies in general.ReferencesSakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Hinchcliff E, Celestino J, Hwu P, Jazaeri AA, et al. Potential clinical application of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for ovarian epithelial cancer prior or post-resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy: CII 2019;68(11):1747–57.Tang PZ, Ding B, Peng L, Mozhayskiy V, Potter J, Chesnut JD. TEG-seq: an ion torrent-adapted NGS workflow for in cellulo mapping of CRISPR specificity. Bio Techniques 2018;65(5):259–67.Ethics ApprovalAll procedures performed were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki declaration. Ethical approval and tissue from surgical resections used to expand TIL were both obtained under protocols (PA16-0912 and LAB02-188) approved by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study for their specimens and data to be used in research and for publication.
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9
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Corsini EM, Mitchell KG, Zhou N, Bernatchez C, Forget MA, Haymaker CL, Hofstetter WL, Mehran RJ, Rajaram R, Rice DC, Roth JA, Sepesi B, Swisher SG, Vaporciyan AA, Walsh GL, Amaria RN, Jazaeri AA, Antonoff MB. Pulmonary resection for tissue harvest in adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy: Safety and feasibility. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:699-703. [PMID: 34057733 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adoptive T-cell therapies (ACTs) using expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) populations are of great interest for advanced malignancies, with promising response rates in trial settings. However, postoperative outcomes following pulmonary TIL harvest have not been widely documented, and surgeons may be hesitant to operate in the setting of widespread disease. METHODS Patients who underwent pulmonary TIL harvest were identified, and postoperative outcomes were studied, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious, and wound complications. RESULTS 83 patients met inclusion criteria. Pulmonary TIL harvest was undertaken primarily via a thoracoscopy with a median operative blood loss and duration of 30 ml and 65 min, respectively. The median length of stay was 2 days. Postoperative events were rare, occurring in only five (6%) patients, including two discharged with a chest tube, one discharged with oxygen, one episode of urinary retention, and one blood transfusion. No reoperations occurred. The median time from TIL harvest to ACT infusion was 37 days. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary TIL harvest is safe and feasible, without major postoperative events in our cohort. All patients were able to receive intended ACT infusion without delays. Therefore, thoracic surgeons should actively participate in ongoing ACT trials and aggressively seek to enroll patients on these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Corsini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle G Mitchell
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolas Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Reza J Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ravi Rajaram
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Garrett L Walsh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Saberian C, Amaria RN, Najjar AM, Radvanyi LG, Haymaker CL, Forget MA, Bassett RL, Faria SC, Glitza IC, Alvarez E, Parshottam S, Prieto V, Lizée G, Wong MK, McQuade JL, Diab A, Yee C, Tawbi HA, Patel S, Shpall EJ, Davies MA, Hwu P, Bernatchez C. Randomized phase II trial of lymphodepletion plus adoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, with or without dendritic cell vaccination, in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002449. [PMID: 34021033 PMCID: PMC8144048 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated robust efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to optimally activate antigen-specific T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that the combined transfer of TIL, containing a melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) specific population, with MART-1-pulsed DC will result in enhanced proliferation and prolonged survival of transferred MART-1 specific T cells in vivo ultimately leading to improved clinical responses. DESIGN We tested the combination of TIL and DC in a phase II clinical trial of patients with advanced stage IV melanoma. HLA-A0201 patients whose early TIL cultures demonstrated reactivity to MART-1 peptide were randomly assigned to receive TIL alone or TIL +DC pulsed with MART-1 peptide. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the persistence of MART-1 TIL in the two arms. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate clinical response and survival. RESULTS Ten patients were given TIL alone while eight patients received TIL+DC vaccine. Infused MART-1 reactive CD8+ TIL were tracked in the blood over time by flow cytometry and results show good persistence in both arms, with no difference in the persistence of MART-1 between the two arms. The objective response rate was 30% (3/10) in the TIL arm and 50% (4/8) in the TIL+DC arm. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TIL +DC showed no difference in the persistence of MART-1 TIL compared with TIL therapy alone. Although more patients showed a clinical response to TIL+DC therapy, this study was not powered to resolve differences between groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00338377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Saberian
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amer M Najjar
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvana C Faria
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna Parshottam
- Department of Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna Patel
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA .,Department of Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Punt S, Malu S, McKenzie JA, Manrique SZ, Doorduijn EM, Mbofung RM, Williams L, Silverman DA, Ashkin EL, Dominguez AL, Wang Z, Chen JQ, Maiti SN, Tieu TN, Liu C, Xu C, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Khalili JS, Satani N, Muller F, Cooper LJN, Overwijk WW, Amaria RN, Bernatchez C, Heffernan TP, Peng W, Roszik J, Hwu P. Aurora kinase inhibition sensitizes melanoma cells to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1101-1113. [PMID: 33123754 PMCID: PMC7979613 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has achieved impressive durable clinical responses, many cancers respond only temporarily or not at all to immunotherapy. To find novel, targetable mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, patient-derived melanoma cell lines were transduced with 576 open reading frames, or exposed to arrayed libraries of 850 bioactive compounds, prior to co-culture with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The synergy between the targets and TILs to induce apoptosis, and the mechanisms of inhibiting resistance to TILs were interrogated. Gene expression analyses were performed on tumor samples from patients undergoing immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Finally, the effect of inhibiting the top targets on the efficacy of immunotherapy was investigated in multiple preclinical models. Aurora kinase was identified as a mediator of melanoma cell resistance to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in both complementary screens. Aurora kinase inhibitors were validated to synergize with T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. The Aurora kinase inhibition-mediated sensitivity to T-cell cytotoxicity was shown to be partially driven by p21-mediated induction of cellular senescence. The expression levels of Aurora kinase and related proteins were inversely correlated with immune infiltration, response to immunotherapy and survival in melanoma patients. Aurora kinase inhibition showed variable responses in combination with immunotherapy in vivo, suggesting its activity is modified by other factors in the tumor microenvironment. These data suggest that Aurora kinase inhibition enhances T-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and can potentiate antitumor immunity in vivo in some but not all settings. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of primary resistance to this therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Punt
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shruti Malu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Immunitas Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jodi A McKenzie
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Soraya Zorro Manrique
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rina M Mbofung
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Leila Williams
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,KSQ Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Silverman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Emily L Ashkin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ana Lucía Dominguez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Nature Cell Biology, Springer Nature, Shanghai City, China
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,EMD Serono, Rockland, MA, USA
| | - Sourindra N Maiti
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Trang N Tieu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,C4 Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jahan S Khalili
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,SystImmune Inc., Redmond, WA, USA
| | - Nikunj Satani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Florian Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laurence J N Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,ZIOPHARM Oncology Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Zhu H, Oba J, Yu X, Creasy CA, Forget MA, Carapeto F, Haymaker CL, Wu CJ, Karpinets TV, Wang WL, Tetzlaff MT, Lazar AJ, Mills GB, Moore AR, Chen Y, Zhang J, Gershenwald JE, Wargo JA, Bernatchez C, Hwu P, Futreal PA, Woodman SE. Abstract PR03: Nongenomic BAP1 aberrancy drives highly aggressive cutaneous melanoma phenotype. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mel2019-pr03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of BAP1 levels in cutaneous melanoma (CM). BAP1 is a tumor suppressor in which loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from mutation and copy number alteration is well described in germline and somatic cancers. Although BAP1 genomic alterations in CM are extremely rare (2% of 665 samples from 5 datasets), marked variability in BAP1 expression is observed in CM. We show that low nuclear BAP1 levels portend a significantly worse clinical outcome in stage III CM (n=37, log rank p ≤0.01 for both overall survival and progression-free survival). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed low BAP1 expression to be most highly ranked with an increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression profile in CM tumors (n=379, FDR q = 1.34E-26) and cell lines (n=53, FDR q = 2.86E-116). We identify the expression of ZEB1, a master regulator of EMT, to be significantly associated with low BAP1 expression in CM tumors and cell lines (p= 1.5E-04 and 3.3E-05, respectively). Analysis of the BAP1 promoter indicates three canonical ZEB1 binding sites. Functional experiments show ZEB1 to bind to the BAP1 promoter, and luciferase activity assays indicate that ZEB1 acts as a transcriptional suppressor of BAP1 expression with differential utilization of the promoter binding sites. Targeted reduction of endogenous ZEB1 caused increased BAP1 levels, while targeted reduction of BAP1 did not modulate ZEB1 levels, consistent with ZEB1 having a suppressive effect on BAP1. Phenotypically, targeted reduction of BAP1 in CM cells resulted in a switch from a more differentiated, melanocytic state, to a less differentiated, more migratory and invasive phenotype. Extinguishing melanocyte-specific BAP1 in mice with a BRAF V600E mutant genetic background resulted in the emergence of primary melanoma tumors, with a marked EMT gene expression profile, and resultant metastases. Given the phenotypic changes associated with BAP1 levels in our mouse and human studies, we then tested the effect of modulating BAP1 on BRAF targeted therapy. Exogenous expression of BAP1 sensitized BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib)-resistant melanoma cells, while the targeted reduction of BAP1 desensitized BRAF inhibitor-sensitive melanoma cells. BRAF mutant/BAP1 loss mice failed to exhibit a marked response to vemurafenib treatment compared to control mice. These data implicate regulation of BAP1 to be a major mechanism that characterizes a highly malignant and treatment-resistant subset of tumors. Our study indicates that nongenomic reduction in BAP1 through ZEB1 transcriptional modulation may be a key factor in aggressive CM.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A30.
Citation Format: Haifeng Zhu, Junna Oba, Xiaoxing Yu, Caitlin A. Creasy, Marie-Andrée Forget, Fernando Carapeto, Cara L. Haymaker, Chang-Jiun Wu, Tatiana V. Karpinets, Wei-Lien Wang, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Alexander J. Lazar, Gordon B. Mills, Amanda R. Moore, Yu Chen, Jianhua Zhang, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Jennifer A. Wargo, Chantale Bernatchez, Patrick Hwu, P. Andrew Futreal, Scott E. Woodman. Nongenomic BAP1 aberrancy drives highly aggressive cutaneous melanoma phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhu
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Junna Oba
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Xiaoxing Yu
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | | | | | | | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | - Wei-Lien Wang
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | | | - Gordon B. Mills
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | - Yu Chen
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Hwu
- 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
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13
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Sharma M, Khong H, Fa'ak F, Bentebibel SE, Janssen LME, Chesson BC, Creasy CA, Forget MA, Kahn LMS, Pazdrak B, Karki B, Hailemichael Y, Singh M, Vianden C, Vennam S, Bharadwaj U, Tweardy DJ, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Huang S, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Hurwitz ME, Sznol M, Hwu P, Hoch U, Addepalli M, Charych DH, Zalevsky J, Diab A, Overwijk WW. Bempegaldesleukin selectively depletes intratumoral Tregs and potentiates T cell-mediated cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32005826 PMCID: PMC6994577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) is active against metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but treatment-associated toxicity and expansion of suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) limit its use in patients with cancer. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) is an engineered IL-2 cytokine prodrug that provides sustained activation of the IL-2 pathway with a bias to the IL-2 receptor CD122 (IL-2Rβ). Here we assess the therapeutic impact and mechanism of action of NKTR-214 in combination with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade therapy or peptide-based vaccination in mice. NKTR-214 shows superior anti-tumor activity over native IL-2 and systemically expands anti-tumor CD8+ T cells while inducing Treg depletion in tumor tissue but not in the periphery. Similar trends of intratumoral Treg dynamics are observed in a small cohort of patients treated with NKTR-214. Mechanistically, intratumoral Treg depletion is mediated by CD8+ Teff-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. These findings demonstrate that NKTR-214 synergizes with T cell-mediated anti-cancer therapies. Interleukin-2 can induce an anti-tumour response, but is associated with toxicity. Here, the authors demonstrate that an engineered interleukin-2 promotes intratumoral T regulatory cell depletion while enhancing effective anti-tumour CD8+ T cell responses that result in potent tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Sharma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiep Khong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise M E Janssen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin A Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Maria S Kahn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Pazdrak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binisha Karki
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yared Hailemichael
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Vianden
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Vennam
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mario Sznol
- Yale University Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ute Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murali Addepalli
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Charych
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Zalevsky
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Sakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Hinchcliff E, Celestino J, Hwu P, Jazaeri AA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C. Potential clinical application of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for ovarian epithelial cancer prior or post-resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1747-1757. [PMID: 31602489 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has become a powerful treatment option for several solid tumor types. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is correlated with better prognosis in ovarian cancer, pointing at the possibility to benefit from harnessing their anti-tumor activity. This preclinical study explores the feasibility of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with TIL using an improved culture method. METHODS TIL from high-grade serous ovarian cancer were cultured using a combination of IL-2 with agonistic antibodies targeting 4-1BB and CD3. The cells were phenotyped using flow cytometry in the fresh tissue and after expansion. Tumor reactivity was assessed against HLA-matched ovarian cancer cell lines via IFN-γ ELISPOT. RESULTS Ovarian cancer is highly infiltrated with CD8+ TIL that are preferentially and robustly expanded with the addition of the agonistic antibodies. With a 95% success rate, the TIL are grown to ≥ 100 × 106 cells in 2-3 weeks without over differentiation. In addition, the CD8+ TIL grown with this method showed HLA-restricted tumor recognition. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the viability of TIL ACT for refractory ovarian cancer by allowing for the large expansion of anti-tumor TIL in a short time and consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UT MDACC), Unit 904, 7455 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UT MDACC), Unit 904, 7455 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Emily Hinchcliff
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UTMDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UTMDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UT MDACC), Unit 904, 7455 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UTMDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MDACC, Unit 2951, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UT MDACC), Unit 904, 7455 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MDACC, Unit 2951, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Creasy CA, Forget MA, Singh G, Tapia C, Xu M, Stephen B, Sabir S, Meric-Bernstam F, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Naing A. Exposure to anti-PD-1 causes functional differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in rare solid tumors. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2245-2251. [PMID: 31532833 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive use of therapeutic antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to boost anti-tumor immunity has positioned this approach to become the standard-of-care for some solid tumor malignancies. However, little is known as to how blockade of PD-1 may alter the function or phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We used our ongoing Phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab for patients with rare solid tumors from various types (NCT02721732) with matched core biopsies taken at baseline and after initial dose of anti-PD-1 (15-21 days post-dose) to elucidate this question. One fresh core needle biopsy was used to propagate TIL ex vivo to analyze phenotype and function using flow cytometry in both CD8+ and CD4+ TIL populations. An enriched CTLA-4 expression in the CD4+ TIL population was observed in TIL expanded from the on-treatment samples compared to TIL expanded from the matched baseline (n = 22, p = 0.0007) but was not observed in patients who experienced tumor regression. Impact on functionality was evaluated by measuring secretion of 65 soluble factors by expanded TIL from 26 patients at baseline and on-treatment. The CD8+ TIL population demonstrated a diminished cytokine secretion profile post-pembrolizumab. Overall, our study assesses the ramifications of one dose of anti-PD-1 on TIL in rare solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX
| | - Gopal Singh
- Department of Investigational Therapeutics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Coya Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Mingxuan Xu
- Department of Investigational Therapeutics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Bettzy Stephen
- Department of Investigational Therapeutics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Sharjeel Sabir
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Therapeutics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Therapeutics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX
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16
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Forget MA, Haymaker C, Amaria RN, Bernatchez C. TIL therapy and anti-CTLA4: can they co-exist? Oncotarget 2019; 10:1-2. [PMID: 30713594 PMCID: PMC6343756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Forget
- Chantale Bernatchez: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA.,Rodabe N. Amaria: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Chantale Bernatchez: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA.,Rodabe N. Amaria: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Chantale Bernatchez: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA.,Rodabe N. Amaria: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Chantale Bernatchez: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA.,Rodabe N. Amaria: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Jerby-Arnon L, Shah P, Cuoco MS, Rodman C, Su MJ, Melms JC, Leeson R, Kanodia A, Mei S, Lin JR, Wang S, Rabasha B, Liu D, Zhang G, Margolais C, Ashenberg O, Ott PA, Buchbinder EI, Haq R, Hodi FS, Boland GM, Sullivan RJ, Frederick DT, Miao B, Moll T, Flaherty KT, Herlyn M, Jenkins RW, Thummalapalli R, Kowalczyk MS, Cañadas I, Schilling B, Cartwright ANR, Luoma AM, Malu S, Hwu P, Bernatchez C, Forget MA, Barbie DA, Shalek AK, Tirosh I, Sorger PK, Wucherpfennig K, Van Allen EM, Schadendorf D, Johnson BE, Rotem A, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Garraway LA, Yoon CH, Izar B, Regev A. A Cancer Cell Program Promotes T Cell Exclusion and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade. Cell 2018; 175:984-997.e24. [PMID: 30388455 PMCID: PMC6410377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) produce durable responses in some melanoma patients, but many patients derive no clinical benefit, and the molecular underpinnings of such resistance remain elusive. Here, we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from 33 melanoma tumors and computational analyses to interrogate malignant cell states that promote immune evasion. We identified a resistance program expressed by malignant cells that is associated with T cell exclusion and immune evasion. The program is expressed prior to immunotherapy, characterizes cold niches in situ, and predicts clinical responses to anti-PD-1 therapy in an independent cohort of 112 melanoma patients. CDK4/6-inhibition represses this program in individual malignant cells, induces senescence, and reduces melanoma tumor outgrowth in mouse models in vivo when given in combination with immunotherapy. Our study provides a high-resolution landscape of ICI-resistant cell states, identifies clinically predictive signatures, and suggests new therapeutic strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mei-Ju Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Leeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhay Kanodia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bokang Rabasha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Margolais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benchun Miao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tabea Moll
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monika S Kowalczyk
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Celsius Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adam N R Cartwright
- Center for Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Luoma
- Center for Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti Malu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wucherpfennig
- Center for Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Bruce E Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asaf Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Levi A Garraway
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Surgical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at MIT, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Kalaora S, Wolf Y, Feferman T, Barnea E, Greenstein E, Reshef D, Tirosh I, Reuben A, Patkar S, Levy R, Quinkhardt J, Omokoko T, Qutob N, Golani O, Zhang J, Mao X, Song X, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Forget MA, Creasy C, Greenberg P, Carter BW, Cooper ZA, Rosenberg SA, Lotem M, Sahin U, Shakhar G, Ruppin E, Wargo JA, Friedman N, Admon A, Samuels Y. Combined Analysis of Antigen Presentation and T-cell Recognition Reveals Restricted Immune Responses in Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1366-1375. [PMID: 30209080 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The quest for tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and neoantigens is a major focus of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we combine a neoantigen prediction pipeline and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) peptidomics to identify TAAs and neoantigens in 16 tumors derived from seven patients with melanoma and characterize their interactions with their tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Our investigation of the antigenic and T-cell landscapes encompassing the TAA and neoantigen signatures, their immune reactivity, and their corresponding T-cell identities provides the first comprehensive analysis of cancer cell T-cell cosignatures, allowing us to discover remarkable antigenic and TIL similarities between metastases from the same patient. Furthermore, we reveal that two neoantigen-specific clonotypes killed 90% of autologous melanoma cells, both in vitro and in vivo, showing that a limited set of neoantigen-specific T cells may play a central role in melanoma tumor rejection. Our findings indicate that combining HLA peptidomics with neoantigen predictions allows robust identification of targetable neoantigens, which could successfully guide personalized cancer immunotherapies.Significance: As neoantigen targeting is becoming more established as a powerful therapeutic approach, investigating these molecules has taken center stage. Here, we show that a limited set of neoantigen-specific T cells mediates tumor rejection, suggesting that identifying just a few antigens and their corresponding T-cell clones could guide personalized immunotherapy. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1366-75. ©2018 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Reshef
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sushant Patkar
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ronen Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tana Omokoko
- BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nouar Qutob
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xizeng Mao
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Polina Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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19
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Huang L, Malu S, McKenzie JA, Andrews MC, Talukder AH, Tieu T, Karpinets T, Haymaker C, Forget MA, Williams LJ, Wang Z, Mbofung RM, Wang ZQ, Davis RE, Lo RS, Wargo JA, Davies MA, Bernatchez C, Heffernan T, Amaria RN, Korkut A, Peng W, Roszik J, Lizée G, Woodman SE, Hwu P. The RNA-binding Protein MEX3B Mediates Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy by Downregulating HLA-A Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3366-3376. [PMID: 29496759 PMCID: PMC9872773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising clinical outcomes in many patients. However, some patients still fail to respond, and new strategies are needed to overcome resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify novel genes and understand the mechanisms that confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy.Experimental Design: To identify genes mediating resistance to T-cell killing, we performed an open reading frame (ORF) screen of a kinome library to study whether overexpression of a gene in patient-derived melanoma cells could inhibit their susceptibility to killing by autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).Results: The RNA-binding protein MEX3B was identified as a top candidate that decreased the susceptibility of melanoma cells to killing by TILs. Further analyses of anti-PD-1-treated melanoma patient tumor samples suggested that higher MEX3B expression is associated with resistance to PD-1 blockade. In addition, significantly decreased levels of IFNγ were secreted from TILs incubated with MEX3B-overexpressing tumor cells. Interestingly, this phenotype was rescued upon overexpression of exogenous HLA-A2. Consistent with this, we observed decreased HLA-A expression in MEX3B-overexpressing tumor cells. Finally, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays suggest that this is due to MEX3B binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HLA-A to destabilize the mRNA.Conclusions: MEX3B mediates resistance to cancer immunotherapy by binding to the 3' UTR of HLA-A to destabilize the HLA-A mRNA and thus downregulate HLA-A expression on the surface of tumor cells, thereby making the tumor cells unable to be recognized and killed by T cells. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3366-76. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Kalbasi and Ribas, p. 3239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shruti Malu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jodi A. McKenzie
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Miles C. Andrews
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amjad H. Talukder
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Trang Tieu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Leila J. Williams
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rina M. Mbofung
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger S. Lo
- Department of Medicine, The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodabe N. Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E. Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Parra ER, Villalobos P, Behrens C, Jiang M, Pataer A, Swisher SG, William WN, Zhang J, Lee J, Cascone T, Heymach JV, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Kalhor N, Weissferdt A, Moran C, Zhang J, Vaporciyan A, Gibbons DL, Sepesi B, Wistuba II. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung carcinomas as determined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis approaches. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:48. [PMID: 29871672 PMCID: PMC5989476 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical efficacy observed with inhibitors of programed cell death 1/programed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in cancer therapy has prompted studies to characterize the immune response in several tumor types, including lung cancer. However, the immunological profile of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is not yet fully characterized, and it may be therapeutically important. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize and quantify PD-L1/PD-1 expression and tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) in surgically resected NSCLCs from patients who received NCT or did not receive NCT (non-NCT). Methods We analyzed immune markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues resected from 112 patients with stage II/III NSCLC, including 61 non-NCT (adenocarcinoma [ADC] = 33; squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] = 28) and 51 NCT (ADC = 31; SCC = 20). We used multiplex immunofluorescence to identify and quantify immune markers grouped into two 6-antibody panels: panel 1 included AE1/AE3, PD-L1, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68; panel 2 included AE1/AE3, PD1, granzyme B, FOXP3, CD45RO, and CD57. Results PD-L1 expression was higher (> overall median) in NCT cases (median, 19.53%) than in non-NCT cases (median, 1.55%; P = 0.022). Overall, density of TAICs was higher in NCT-NSCLCs than in non-NCT-NSCLCs. Densities of CD3+ cells in the tumor epithelial compartment were higher in NCT-ADCs and NCT-SCCs than in non-NCT-ADCs and non-NCT-SCCs (P = 0.043). Compared with non-NCT-SCCs, NCT-SCCs showed significantly higher densities of CD3 + CD4+ (P = 0.019) and PD-1+ (P < 0.001) cells in the tumor epithelial compartment. Density of CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was higher in NCT-NSCLCs than in non-NCT-NSCLCs and was significantly higher in NCT-SCCs than in non-NCT-SCCs. In NCT-NSCLCs, higher levels of epithelial T lymphocytes (CD3 + CD4+) and epithelial and stromal TAMs (CD68+) were associated with better outcome in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions NCT-NSCLCs exhibited higher levels of PD-L1 expression and T-cell subset regulation than non-NCT-NSCLCs, suggesting that NCT activates specific immune response mechanisms in lung cancer. These results suggest the need for clinical trials and translational studies of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy prior to surgical resection of locally advanced NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0368-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Unit 951, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Unit 951, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Unit 951, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 1489, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St. Houston, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 1489, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St. Houston, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 1489, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St. Houston, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 1489, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St. Houston, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Unit 951, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Forget MA, Haymaker C, Hess KR, Meng YJ, Creasy C, Karpinets T, Fulbright OJ, Roszik J, Woodman SE, Kim YU, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Bhatta A, Wahl A, Flores E, Thorsen ST, Tavera RJ, Ramachandran R, Gonzalez AM, Toth CL, Wardell S, Mansaray R, Patel V, Carpio DJ, Vaughn C, Farinas CM, Velasquez PG, Hwu WJ, Patel SP, Davies MA, Diab A, Glitza IC, Tawbi H, Wong MK, Cain S, Ross MI, Lee JE, Gershenwald JE, Lucci A, Royal R, Cormier JN, Wargo JA, Radvanyi LG, Torres-Cabala CA, Beroukhim R, Hwu P, Amaria RN, Bernatchez C. Prospective Analysis of Adoptive TIL Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma: Response, Impact of Anti-CTLA4, and Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4416-4428. [PMID: 29848573 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has consistently demonstrated clinical efficacy in metastatic melanoma. Recent widespread use of checkpoint blockade has shifted the treatment landscape, raising questions regarding impact of these therapies on response to TIL and appropriate immunotherapy sequence.Patients and Methods: Seventy-four metastatic melanoma patients were treated with autologous TIL and evaluated for clinical response according to irRC, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Immunologic factors associated with response were also evaluated.Results: Best overall response for the entire cohort was 42%; 47% in 43 checkpoint-naïve patients, 38% when patients were exposed to anti-CTLA4 alone (21 patients) and 33% if also exposed to anti-PD1 (9 patients) prior to TIL ACT. Median overall survival was 17.3 months; 24.6 months in CTLA4-naïve patients and 8.6 months in patients with prior CTLA4 blockade. The latter patients were infused with fewer TIL and experienced a shorter duration of response. Infusion of higher numbers of TIL with CD8 predominance and expression of BTLA correlated with improved response in anti-CTLA4 naïve patients, but not in anti-CTLA4 refractory patients. Baseline serum levels of IL9 predicted response to TIL ACT, while TIL persistence, tumor recognition, and mutation burden did not correlate with outcome.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the deleterious effects of prior exposure to anti-CTLA4 on TIL ACT response and shows that baseline IL9 levels can potentially serve as a predictive tool to select the appropriate sequence of immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4416-28. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuzhong Jeff Meng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ankit Bhatta
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Arely Wahl
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Esteban Flores
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Shawne T Thorsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - René J Tavera
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Renjith Ramachandran
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Audrey M Gonzalez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher L Toth
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Seth Wardell
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Rahmatu Mansaray
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Vruti Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Destiny Joy Carpio
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Carol Vaughn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Chantell M Farinas
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Portia G Velasquez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Suzanne Cain
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Merrick I Ross
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard Royal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice N Cormier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.
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22
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Sakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Creasy C, Bernard V, Zhao L, Kim YU, Hurd MW, Uraoka N, Parra ER, Kang Y, Bristow CA, Rodriguez-Canales J, Fleming JB, Varadhachary G, Javle M, Overman MJ, Alvarez HA, Heffernan TP, Zhang J, Hwu P, Maitra A, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C. 4-1BB Agonist Focuses CD8 + Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Growth into a Distinct Repertoire Capable of Tumor Recognition in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7263-7275. [PMID: 28947567 PMCID: PMC6097625 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is extremely poor and improved therapies are urgently needed. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great promise in other tumor types, such as metastatic melanoma where overall response rates of 50% have been seen. Given this success and the evidence showing that T-cell presence positively correlates with overall survival in PDAC, we sought to enrich for CD8+ TILs capable of autologous tumor recognition. In addition, we explored the phenotype and T-cell receptor repertoire of the CD8+ TILs in the tumor microenvironment.Experimental Design: We used an agonistic 4-1BB mAb during the initial tumor fragment culture to provide 4-1BB costimulation and assessed changes in TIL growth, phenotype, repertoire, and antitumor function.Results: Increased CD8+ TIL growth from PDAC tumors was achieved with the aid of an agonistic 4-1BB mAb. Expanded TILs were characterized by an activated but not terminally differentiated phenotype. Moreover, 4-1BB stimulation expanded a more clonal and distinct CD8+ TIL repertoire than IL2 alone. TILs from both culture conditions displayed MHC class I-restricted recognition of autologous tumor targets.Conclusions: Costimulation with an anti-4-1BB mAb increases the feasibility of TIL therapy by producing greater numbers of these tumor-reactive T cells. These results suggest that TIL ACT for PDAC is a potential treatment avenue worth further investigation for a patient population in dire need of improved therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7263-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark W Hurd
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gauri Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector A Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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23
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Parra ER, Uraoka N, Jiang M, Cook P, Gibbons D, Forget MA, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Wistuba II, Rodriguez-Canales J. Validation of multiplex immunofluorescence panels using multispectral microscopy for immune-profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13380. [PMID: 29042640 PMCID: PMC5645415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-profiling is becoming an important tool to identify predictive markers for the response to immunotherapy. Our goal was to validate multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) panels to apply to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using a set of immune marker antibodies, with the Opal™ 7 color Kit (PerkinElmer) in the same tissue section. We validated and we described two panels aiming to characterize the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and subsets of tumor associated immune cells. Panel 1 included pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD3, CD68, and DAPI, and Panel 2 included pancytokeratin, PD-1, CD45RO, granzyme B, CD57, FOXP3, and DAPI. After all primary antibodies were tested in positive and negative controls by immunohistochemistry and uniplex IF, panels were developed and simultaneous marker expressions were quantified using the Vectra 3.0™ multispectral microscopy and image analysis InForm™ 2.2.1 software (PerkinElmer).These two mIF panels demonstrated specific co-localization in different cells that can identify the expression of PD-L1 in malignant cells and macrophages, and different T-cell subpopulations. This mIF methodology can be an invaluable tool for tumor tissue immune-profiling to allow multiple targets in the same tissue section and we provide that is accurate and reproducible method when is performed carefully under pathologist supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Parra
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Jiang
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela Cook
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Don Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Forget MA, Tavera RJ, Haymaker C, Ramachandran R, Malu S, Zhang M, Wardell S, Fulbright OJ, Toth CL, Gonzalez AM, Thorsen ST, Flores E, Wahl A, Peng W, Amaria RN, Hwu P, Bernatchez C. A Novel Method to Generate and Expand Clinical-Grade, Genetically Modified, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:908. [PMID: 28824634 PMCID: PMC5539190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the clinical success achieved with the first generation of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the second and third generations of TIL ACT are evolving toward the use of genetically modified TIL. TIL therapy generally involves the transfer of a high number of TIL, ranging from 109 to 1011 cells. One of the technical difficulties in genetically modifying TIL, using a retroviral vector, is the ability to achieve large expansion of transduced TIL, while keeping the technique suitable to a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) environment. Consequently, we developed and optimized a novel method for the efficient production of large numbers of GMP-grade, gene-modified TIL for the treatment of patients with ACT. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 was used as the gene of interest for methodology development. The optimized procedure is currently used in the production of gene-modified TIL for two clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic melanoma at MD Anderson Cancer Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - René J Tavera
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Renjith Ramachandran
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shuti Malu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seth Wardell
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chistopher Leroy Toth
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Audrey M Gonzalez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shawne T Thorsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Esteban Flores
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arely Wahl
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Reuben A, Gittelman R, Gao J, Zhang J, Yusko EC, Wu CJ, Emerson R, Zhang J, Tipton C, Li J, Quek K, Gopalakrishnan V, Chen R, Vence LM, Cascone T, Vignali M, Fujimoto J, Rodriguez-Canales J, Parra ER, Little LD, Gumbs C, Forget MA, Federico L, Haymaker C, Behrens C, Benzeno S, Bernatchez C, Sepesi B, Gibbons DL, Wargo JA, William WN, Swisher S, Heymach JV, Robins H, Lee JJ, Sharma P, Allison JP, Futreal PA, Wistuba II, Zhang J. TCR Repertoire Intratumor Heterogeneity in Localized Lung Adenocarcinomas: An Association with Predicted Neoantigen Heterogeneity and Postsurgical Recurrence. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1088-1097. [PMID: 28733428 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) may be associated with postsurgical relapse of localized lung adenocarcinomas. Recently, mutations, through generation of neoantigens, were shown to alter tumor immunogenicity through T-cell responses. Here, we performed sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in 45 tumor regions from 11 localized lung adenocarcinomas and observed substantial intratumor differences in T-cell density and clonality with the majority of T-cell clones restricted to individual tumor regions. TCR ITH positively correlated with predicted neoantigen ITH, suggesting that spatial differences in the T-cell repertoire may be driven by distinct neoantigens in different tumor regions. Finally, a higher degree of TCR ITH was associated with an increased risk of postsurgical relapse and shorter disease-free survival, suggesting a potential clinical significance of T-cell repertoire heterogeneity.Significance: The present study provides insights into the ITH of the T-cell repertoire in localized lung adenocarcinomas and its potential biological and clinical impact. The results suggest that T-cell repertoire ITH may be tightly associated to genomic ITH and disease relapse. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1088-97. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly Quek
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis M Vence
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Latasha D Little
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Swisher
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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26
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Qin Y, Ekmekcioglu S, Forget MA, Szekvolgyi L, Hwu P, Grimm EA, Jazaeri AA, Roszik J. Cervical Cancer Neoantigen Landscape and Immune Activity is Associated with Human Papillomavirus Master Regulators. Front Immunol 2017; 8:689. [PMID: 28670312 PMCID: PMC5473350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a major role in development of cervical cancer, and HPV oncoproteins are being targeted by immunotherapies. Although these treatments show promising results in the clinic, many patients do not benefit or the durability is limited. In addition to HPV antigens, neoantigens derived from somatic mutations may also generate an effective immune response and represent an additional and distinct immunotherapy strategy against this and other HPV-associated cancers. To explore the landscape of neoantigens in cervix cancer, we predicted all possible mutated neopeptides in two large sequencing data sets and analyzed whether mutation and neoantigen load correlate with antigen presentation, infiltrating immune cell types, and a HPV-induced master regulator gene expression signature. We found that targetable neoantigens are detected in most tumors, and there are recurrent mutated peptides from known oncogenic driver genes (KRAS, MAPK1, PIK3CA, ERBB2, and ERBB3) that are predicted to be potentially immunogenic. Our studies show that HPV-induced master regulators are not only associated with HPV load but may also play crucial roles in relation to mutation and neoantigen load, and also the immune microenvironment of the tumor. A subset of these HPV-induced master regulators positively correlated with expression of immune-suppressor molecules such as PD-L1, TGFB1, and IL-10 suggesting that they may be involved in abrogating antitumor response induced by the presence of mutations and neoantigens. Based on these results, we predict that HPV master regulators identified in our study might be potentially effective targets in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lorant Szekvolgyi
- MTA-DE Momentum, Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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27
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Qin Y, Petaccia de Macedo M, Reuben A, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Spencer CN, Gopalakrishnan V, Reddy S, Cooper ZA, Fulbright OJ, Ramachandran R, Wahl A, Flores E, Thorsen ST, Tavera RJ, Conrad C, Williams MD, Tetzlaff MT, Wang WL, Gombos DS, Esmaeli B, Amaria RN, Hwu P, Wargo JA, Lazar AJ, Patel SP. Parallel profiling of immune infiltrate subsets in uveal melanoma versus cutaneous melanoma unveils similarities and differences: A pilot study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1321187. [PMID: 28680759 PMCID: PMC5486182 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1321187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low response rates to immunotherapy in uveal melanoma (UM) sharply contrast with reputable response rates in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. To characterize the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy in UM, we performed immune profiling in tumors from 10 metastatic UM patients and 10 metastatic CM patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although there is no difference in infiltrating CD8+ T cells between UM and CM, a significant decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive lymphocytes was observed and lower levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in UM metastases compared with CM metastases. Tumors from metastatic UM patients showed a lower success rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) growth compared with metastatic CM (45% vs. 64% success), with a significantly lower quantity of UM TIL expanded overall. These studies suggest that UM and CM are immunologically distinct, and provide potential explanation for the impaired success of immunotherapy in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Petaccia de Macedo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine N Spencer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sujan Reddy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renjith Ramachandran
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arely Wahl
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban Flores
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawne T Thorsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene J Tavera
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan S Gombos
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Harao M, Forget MA, Roszik J, Gao H, Babiera GV, Krishnamurthy S, Chacon JA, Li S, Mittendorf EA, DeSnyder SM, Rockwood KF, Bernatchez C, Ueno NT, Radvanyi LG, Vence L, Haymaker C, Reuben JM. 4-1BB-Enhanced Expansion of CD8 + TIL from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Unveils Mutation-Specific CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:439-445. [PMID: 28473315 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highly infiltrated with CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been associated with improved prognosis. This observation led us to hypothesize that CD8+ TIL could be utilized in autologous adoptive cell therapy for TNBC, although this concept has proven to be challenging, given the difficulty in expanding CD8+ TILs in solid cancers other than in melanoma. To overcome this obstacle, we used an agonistic antibody (urelumab) to a TNFR family member, 4-1BB/CD137, which is expressed by recently activated CD8+ T cells. This approach was first utilized in melanoma and, in this study, led to advantageous growth of TILs for the majority of TNBC tumors tested. The agonistic antibody was only added in the initial setting of the culture and yet favored the propagation of CD8+ TILs from TNBC tumors. These expanded CD8+ TILs were capable of cytotoxic functions and were successfully utilized to demonstrate the presence of immunogenic mutations in autologous TNBC tumor tissue without recognition of the wild-type counterpart. Our findings open the way for a successful adoptive immunotherapy for TNBC. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(6); 439-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Harao
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.,Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Gao
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Gildy V Babiera
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica A Chacon
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah M DeSnyder
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Luis Vence
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.
| | - James M Reuben
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
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29
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Reuben A, Spencer CN, Prieto PA, Gopalakrishnan V, Reddy SM, Miller JP, Mao X, De Macedo MP, Chen J, Song X, Jiang H, Chen PL, Beird HC, Garber HR, Roh W, Wani K, Chen E, Haymaker C, Forget MA, Little LD, Gumbs C, Thornton RL, Hudgens CW, Chen WS, Austin-Breneman J, Sloane RS, Nezi L, Cogdill AP, Bernatchez C, Roszik J, Hwu P, Woodman SE, Chin L, Tawbi H, Davies MA, Gershenwald JE, Amaria RN, Glitza IC, Diab A, Patel SP, Hu J, Lee JE, Grimm EA, Tetzlaff MT, Lazar AJ, Wistuba II, Clise-Dwyer K, Carter BW, Zhang J, Futreal PA, Sharma P, Allison JP, Cooper ZA, Wargo JA. Genomic and immune heterogeneity are associated with differential responses to therapy in melanoma. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2. [PMID: 28819565 PMCID: PMC5557036 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Appreciation for genomic and immune heterogeneity in cancer has grown though the relationship of these factors to treatment response has not been thoroughly elucidated. To better understand this, we studied a large cohort of melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy or immune checkpoint blockade (n = 60). Heterogeneity in therapeutic responses via radiologic assessment was observed in the majority of patients. Synchronous melanoma metastases were analyzed via deep genomic and immune profiling, and revealed substantial genomic and immune heterogeneity in all patients studied, with considerable diversity in T cell frequency, and few shared T cell clones (<8% on average) across the cohort. Variables related to treatment response were identified via these approaches and through novel radiomic assessment. These data yield insight into differential therapeutic responses to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma, and have key translational implications in the age of precision medicine. Patients with metastatic melanoma display molecular and immune differences across tumor sites associated with differential drug responses. A team led by Jennifer Wargo from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA, studied the radiological responses of 60 patients with metastatic melanoma, half of whom received targeted drug therapy and half of whom received an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The majority (83%) showed differences in responses across metastases. The group then profiled tumors in a subset, and found molecular and immune heterogeneity in different tumors within the same patient. Heterogeneity in mutational and immune profiles within tumors from individual patients could explain differences in treatment response. Knowing this, the authors emphasize the importance of acquiring biopsies from more than one tumor site in order to best tailor therapies to the features of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine N Spencer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter A Prieto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xizeng Mao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mariana Petaccia De Macedo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiong Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hannah C Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haven R Garber
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Whijae Roh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eveline Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Latasha D Little
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca L Thornton
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney W Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Shen Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacob Austin-Breneman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Szczepaniak Sloane
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandria P Cogdill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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30
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Roszik J, Haydu LE, Hess KR, Oba J, Joon AY, Siroy AE, Karpinets TV, Stingo FC, Baladandayuthapani V, Tetzlaff MT, Wargo JA, Chen K, Forget MA, Haymaker CL, Chen JQ, Meric-Bernstam F, Eterovic AK, Shaw KR, Mills GB, Gershenwald JE, Radvanyi LG, Hwu P, Futreal PA, Gibbons DL, Lazar AJ, Bernatchez C, Davies MA, Woodman SE. Novel algorithmic approach predicts tumor mutation load and correlates with immunotherapy clinical outcomes using a defined gene mutation set. BMC Med 2016; 14:168. [PMID: 27776519 PMCID: PMC5078889 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While clinical outcomes following immunotherapy have shown an association with tumor mutation load using whole exome sequencing (WES), its clinical applicability is currently limited by cost and bioinformatics requirements. METHODS We developed a method to accurately derive the predicted total mutation load (PTML) within individual tumors from a small set of genes that can be used in clinical next generation sequencing (NGS) panels. PTML was derived from the actual total mutation load (ATML) of 575 distinct melanoma and lung cancer samples and validated using independent melanoma (n = 312) and lung cancer (n = 217) cohorts. The correlation of PTML status with clinical outcome, following distinct immunotherapies, was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS PTML (derived from 170 genes) was highly correlated with ATML in cutaneous melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma validation cohorts (R2 = 0.73 and R2 = 0.82, respectively). PTML was strongly associated with clinical outcome to ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4, three cohorts) and adoptive T-cell therapy (1 cohort) clinical outcome in melanoma. Clinical benefit from pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in lung cancer was also shown to significantly correlate with PTML status (log rank P value < 0.05 in all cohorts). CONCLUSIONS The approach of using small NGS gene panels, already applied to guide employment of targeted therapies, may have utility in the personalized use of immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junna Oba
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aron Y Joon
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alan E Siroy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tatiana V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francesco C Stingo
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Lion Biotechnologies, Woodland Hills, CA, 91637, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 770393, USA
| | - Agda K Eterovic
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 770393, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 770393, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 904, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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31
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Bailey P, Chang DK, Forget MA, Lucas FAS, Alvarez HA, Haymaker C, Chattopadhyay C, Kim SH, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA, Biankin AV, Hwu P, Maitra A, Roszik J. Exploiting the neoantigen landscape for immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35848. [PMID: 27762323 PMCID: PMC5071896 DOI: 10.1038/srep35848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have met with limited success. It has been postulated that a low mutation load may lead to a paucity of T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is also possible that while neoantigens are present, an effective immune response cannot be generated due to an immune suppressive TME. To discern whether targetable neoantigens exist in PDAC, we performed a comprehensive study using genomic profiles of 221 PDAC cases extracted from public databases. Our findings reveal that: (a) nearly all PDAC samples harbor potentially targetable neoantigens; (b) T cells are present but generally show a reduced activation signature; and (c) markers of efficient antigen presentation are associated with a reduced signature of markers characterizing cytotoxic T cells. These findings suggest that despite the presence of tumor specific neoepitopes, T cell activation is actively suppressed in PDAC. Further, we identify iNOS as a potential mediator of immune suppression that might be actionable using pharmacological avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David K. Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francis A. San Lucas
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hector A. Alvarez
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrani Chattopadhyay
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Kebriaei P, Singh H, Huls MH, Figliola MJ, Bassett R, Olivares S, Jena B, Dawson MJ, Kumaresan PR, Su S, Maiti S, Dai J, Moriarity B, Forget MA, Senyukov V, Orozco A, Liu T, McCarty J, Jackson RN, Moyes JS, Rondon G, Qazilbash M, Ciurea S, Alousi A, Nieto Y, Rezvani K, Marin D, Popat U, Hosing C, Shpall EJ, Kantarjian H, Keating M, Wierda W, Do KA, Largaespada DA, Lee DA, Hackett PB, Champlin RE, Cooper LJN. Phase I trials using Sleeping Beauty to generate CD19-specific CAR T cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3363-76. [PMID: 27482888 DOI: 10.1172/jci86721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) improve outcomes for CD19-expressing B cell malignancies. We evaluated a human application of T cells that were genetically modified using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon/transposase system to express a CD19-specific CAR. METHODS T cells were genetically modified using DNA plasmids from the SB platform to stably express a second-generation CD19-specific CAR and selectively propagated ex vivo with activating and propagating cells (AaPCs) and cytokines. Twenty-six patients with advanced non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia safely underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and infusion of CAR T cells as adjuvant therapy in the autologous (n = 7) or allogeneic settings (n = 19). RESULTS SB-mediated genetic transposition and stimulation resulted in 2,200- to 2,500-fold ex vivo expansion of genetically modified T cells, with 84% CAR expression, and without integration hotspots. Following autologous HSCT, the 30-month progression-free and overall survivals were 83% and 100%, respectively. After allogeneic HSCT, the respective 12-month rates were 53% and 63%. No acute or late toxicities and no exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease were observed. Despite a low antigen burden and unsupportive recipient cytokine environment, CAR T cells persisted for an average of 201 days for autologous recipients and 51 days for allogeneic recipients. CONCLUSIONS CD19-specific CAR T cells generated with SB and AaPC platforms were safe, and may provide additional cancer control as planned infusions after HSCT. These results support further clinical development of this nonviral gene therapy approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION Autologous, NCT00968760; allogeneic, NCT01497184; long-term follow-up, NCT01492036. FUNDING National Cancer Institute, private foundations, and institutional funds. Please see Acknowledgments for details.
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Haymaker C, Forget MA, Creasy C, Ritthipichai K, Hwu P, Bernatchez C. You can run but you can't hide: tracking T cells in metastatic melanoma patients treated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2015. [PMCID: PMC4645565 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-3-s2-p22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Reuben A, Spencer C, Roszik J, Miller J, Kwong L, Jiang H, Haymaker C, Chen PL, Austin-Breneman J, Roh W, Little L, Cao Y, Garber H, Forget MA, Gopalakrishnan V, Amaria R, Davies M, Bernatchez C, Roger E, Cuentas P, Rodriguez J, Tetzlaff M, Woodman S, Dwyer K, Sharma P, Allison J, Chin L, Futreal A, Cooper Z, Wargo J. Molecular and immune heterogeneity in synchronous melanoma metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2015. [PMCID: PMC4649346 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-3-s2-p262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Forget MA, Haymaker C, Dennison JB, Toth C, Maiti S, Fulbright OJ, Cooper LJN, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG, Bernatchez C. The beneficial effects of a gas-permeable flask for expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating lymphocytes as reflected in their mitochondrial function and respiration capacity. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1057386. [PMID: 27057427 PMCID: PMC4801448 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1057386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of autologous ex vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a highly successful cell therapy approach in the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Notwithstanding the success of this therapy, only very few centers worldwide can provide it. To make this therapy broadly available, one of the major obstacles to overcome is the complexity of culturing the TIL. Recently, major efforts have been deployed to resolve this issue. The use of the Gas-permeable flask (G-Rex) during the REP has been one application that has facilitated this process. Here we show that the use of this new device is able to rescue poor TIL growth and maintain clonal diversity while supporting an improved mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Department of Systems Biology; The University of Texas MDACC ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Christopher Toth
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Sourindra Maiti
- Division of Pediatrics; The University of Texas MDACC ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC); Houston, TX USA; Lion Biotechnologies; Tampa, FL USA; Department of Immunology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) ; Houston, TX USA
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Haymaker CL, Wu RC, Ritthipichai K, Bernatchez C, Forget MA, Chen JQ, Liu H, Wang E, Marincola F, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG. BTLA marks a less-differentiated tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subset in melanoma with enhanced survival properties. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1014246. [PMID: 26405566 PMCID: PMC4570103 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent adoptive cell therapy (ACT) clinical trial using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, we found an association between CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory receptor B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and clinical response. Here, we further characterized this CD8+BTLA+ TIL subset and their CD8+BTLA− counterparts. We found that the CD8+ BTLA+ TILs had an increased response to IL-2, were less-differentiated effector-memory (TEM) cells, and persisted longer in vivo after infusion. In contrast, CD8+BTLA− TILs failed to proliferate and expressed genes associated with T-cell deletion/tolerance. Paradoxically, activation of BTLA signaling by its ligand, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), inhibited T-cell division and cytokine production, but also activated the Akt/PKB pathway thus protecting CD8+BTLA+ TILs from apoptosis. Our results point to a new role of BTLA as a useful T-cell differentiation marker in ACT and a dual signaling molecule that curtails T-cell activation while also conferring a survival advantage for CD8+ T cells. These attributes may explain our previous observation that BTLA expression on CD8+ TILs correlates with clinical response to adoptive T-cell therapy in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Richard C Wu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; MD/PhD Program; University of Texas Medical School at Houston ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Krit Ritthipichai
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Sidra Medical Research Hospital ; Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Surgery Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
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Forget MA, Malu S, Liu H, Toth C, Maiti S, Kale C, Bernatchez C, Huls H, Wang E, Hwu P, Cooper LJ, Radvanyi LG. Genetically modified artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC) for expansion of melanoma tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with optimal properties for adoptive cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3990965 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Malu S, Mbofung R, Khalili J, Satani N, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Muller F, Bernatchez C, Radvanyi L, Hwu P. Development of novel combinations of targeted and immunotherapies by understanding immune resistance using a high throughput assay of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3991170 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Walker CD, Bodnar M, Forget MA, Toufexis DJ, Trottier G. Stress et plasticité neuroendocrinienne. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Savard C, Laliberté-Gagné MÈ, Babin C, Bolduc M, Guérin A, Drouin K, Forget MA, Majeau N, Lapointe R, Leclerc D. Improvement of the PapMV nanoparticle adjuvant property through an increased of its avidity for the antigen [influenza NP]. Vaccine 2012; 30:2535-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Forget MA, Reuben A, Turcotte S, Martin J, Lapointe R. Polyfunctionality of a DKK1 self-antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte clone in lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1119-25. [PMID: 21681374 PMCID: PMC11028683 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionality is the capacity of a T-cell to execute a variety of effector functions mainly mediated by production of cytokines, chemokines, and cytolytic enzymes. Studies in anti-viral immunity have acknowledged the importance of polyfunctionality in the clearance of infections and maintenance of protection. Although accepted in the field, this concept has not been as well characterized in cancer immunology. Here, we report the polyfunctionality profile analysis of a CD8(+) T-cell clone isolated from a lung cancer patient and directed against Dickkopf-1, a potentially new tumor-associated antigen (TAA). The clone showed Tc1/Th1 effector tendencies confirmed by secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, IL-2, GM-CSF, and expression of cytolytic enzyme granzyme B. This secretion profile is of particular interest in the context of an anti-tumor response. Although secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 was also detected, absence of IL-4 and IL-10 opposes the idea of cytokine-dependent Th1 inhibition. Establishing a comprehensive cytokine secretion profile may help predict T cells' specific response against a novel TAA in a peptide vaccination context. It may further help in selecting clones with an optimal functional profile from the peripheral blood of cancer patients for expansion and adoptive cell transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Pavillon J.A. DeSève, Room Y-5605, 2099 rue Alexandre DeSève, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Pavillon J.A. DeSève, Room Y-5605, 2099 rue Alexandre DeSève, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Pavillon J.A. DeSève, Room Y-5605, 2099 rue Alexandre DeSève, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Jocelyne Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM)—Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Pavillon J.A. DeSève, Room Y-5605, 2099 rue Alexandre DeSève, Montréal, QC Canada
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Doucet JD, Forget MA, Grange C, Rouxel RN, Arbour N, von Messling V, Lapointe R. Endogenously expressed matrix protein M1 and nucleoprotein of influenza A are efficiently presented by class I and class II major histocompatibility complexes. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1162-1171. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.029777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines containing primarily hypervariable haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins must be prepared against frequent new antigenic variants. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to develop influenza vaccines that also elicit strong and sustained cytotoxic responses against highly conserved determinants such as the matrix (M1) protein and nucleoprotein (NP). However, their antigenic presentation properties in humans are less defined. Accordingly, we analysed MHC class I and class II presentation of endogenously processed M1 and NP in human antigen presenting cells and observed expansion of both CD8+- and CD4+-specific effector T lymphocytes secreting gamma interferon and tumour necrosis factor. Further enhancement of basal MHC-II antigenic presentation did not improve CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell quality based on cytokine production upon challenge, suggesting that endogenous M1 and NP MHC-II presentation is sufficient. These new insights about T-lymphocyte expansion following endogenous M1 and NP MHC-I and -II presentation will be important to design complementary heterosubtypic vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Doucet
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Grange
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Arbour
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Réjean Lapointe
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Godin-Ethier J, Pelletier S, Hanafi LA, Gannon PO, Forget MA, Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Krzemien U, Tanguay S, Lattouf JB, Arbour N, Lapointe R. Human activated T lymphocytes modulate IDO expression in tumors through Th1/Th2 balance. J Immunol 2010; 183:7752-60. [PMID: 19933867 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous cancer vaccination approaches have shown some efficiency in generating measurable immune responses, but they have rarely led to tumor regression. It is therefore possible that tumors emerge with the capacity to down-regulate immune counterparts, through the local production of immunosuppressive molecules, such as IDO. Although it is known that IDO exerts suppressive effects on T cell functions, the mechanisms of IDO regulation in tumor cells remain to be characterized. Here, we demonstrate that activated T cells can induce functional IDO expression in breast and kidney tumor cell lines, and that this is partly attributable to IFN-gamma. Moreover, we found that IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, has a negative modulatory effect on IDO expression. Furthermore, we report IDO expression in the majority of breast and kidney carcinoma samples, with infiltration of activated Th1-polarized T cells in human tumors. These findings demonstrate complex control of immune activity within tumors. Future immune therapeutic interventions should thus include strategies to counteract these negative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Godin-Ethier
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Allen-Gipson DS, Romberger DJ, Forget MA, May KL, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA. IL-8 inhibits isoproterenol-stimulated ciliary beat frequency in bovine bronchial epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 17:107-15. [PMID: 15294060 DOI: 10.1089/0894268041457138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a critical host defense that protects the lung. The mechanisms by which mucociliary function is altered by inflammation are poorly defined. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke decreases ciliary beating and interferes with proper airway clearance. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from smokers and ex-smokers has increased amounts of IL-8, which has played a critical role in airway inflammation. We hypothesized that IL-8 might interfere with stimulated ciliary beating in airway epithelium. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated bovine ciliated bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs) with a known activator of ciliary beat frequency (CBF), isoproterenol (ISO; 100 microM), in the presence or absence of IL-8 (100 pg/mL). We measured CBF digitally using the Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) system. CBF increased in untreated cells exposed to ISO (approximately 3 Hz) over baseline. In contrast, cells pre-incubated with IL-8 failed to respond to ISO. Pretreatment with IL-8 also blocked ISO-stimulated cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) activation, which is known to control ISO-stimulated CBF. In addition, IL-8 pretreated cells revealed a marked decrease in PKA activity when cells were stimulated with forskolin (FSK; 10 microM). Cells were assayed specifically for cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. ISO-stimulated cells demonstrated an increase in PDE activity as compared to control. Pretreatment with IL-8 had no effect on ISO-stimulated PDE activity. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-8 appears to mediate its effect at the level of adenylyl cyclase. It is also possible that IL-8 may not only act as a chemotactic agent, but also as a potential autocrine/paracrine inhibitor of PKA-mediated stimulation of ciliary motility. In conclusion, IL-8 inhibits beta-agonist dependent ciliostimulation and such inhibition of stimulated ciliary activity may contribute to the impaired mucociliary clearance seen in airway diseases. Furthermore, since IL-8 levels are increased in the airway of cigarette smokers, it is likely they may be more resistant to the cilio and muco-ciliostimulating effects of beta-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Allen-Gipson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, 68198, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a recently identified member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family. Like VIP, PACAP is largely inhibitory in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of our work was to characterize the effects of PACAP on both contraction and relaxation of guinea pig gallbladder (GPGB) muscle. METHODS Gallbladder muscle strips were obtained from male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (250-350 g). Isometric tension was measured in strips suspended in gassed (95% O2, 5% CO2) Krebs' solution at 37 degrees C and equilibrated for 60 min. Cumulative additions of VIP or PACAP (10(-9)-10(-6) mol/l) were performed with strips at basal tone or with strips pre-contracted with cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). RESULTS VIP had no effect on basal tone, in contrast with PACAP which produced concentration-dependent contraction to a maximum of 57.9 +/- 24.3% of control (CCK 3 x 10(-7) mol/l). The highest concentration (10(-6) mol/l) of VIP produced a 32 +/- 6% relaxation of 3 x 10(-9) mol/l CCK-8-contracted GPGB. With 3 x 10(-8) mol/l CCK-contracted GPGB strips, VIP produced a 26.7 +/- 6.6% relaxation. PACAP produced a further concentration-dependent contraction of 3 x 10(-9) mol/l CCK-contracted strips which reached 17.5 +/- 9.9% at the maximal concentration used (10(-6) mol/l). PACAP produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of 3 x 10(-8) mol/l CCK-contracted strips which reached a maximum relaxation of 19 +/- 5% of the control. CONCLUSIONS PACAP has a dual effect on guinea pig gallbladder motility in vitro, producing contraction in the basal state, and both contraction and relaxation in the CCK-contracted state. This is in contrast to the effects of VIP, a closely related peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Greaves
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
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Forget MA, Desrosiers RR, Béliveau R. Physiological roles of matrix metalloproteinases: implications for tumor growth and metastasis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 77:465-80. [PMID: 10535707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Physiological processes involving remodelling of the extracellular matrix, such as wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, and the female reproductive cycle, require the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This group of proteases degrades basal membranes and connective tissues and plays an essential role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. An imbalance in the expression or activity of MMPs can have important consequences in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, or the development of cancers. Because of the pathophysiological importance of MMPs, their activity is highly controlled in order to confine them to specific areas. An activation cascade, initiated by the proteolysis of plasminogen, cleaves proMMPs, and every step is controlled by specific activators or inhibitors. MMPs destabilize the organization of the extracellular matrix and influence the development of cancer by contributing to cell migration, tumor cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Accordingly, these proteases possess an important role in cell-matrix interactions by affecting fundamental processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, the characterization of MMPs involved in specific types and stages of tumors will significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of these cancers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Forget
- Laboratoire de médecine moléculaire, Centre de cancérologie Charles Bruneau--Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Forget MA, Lebel N, Sirois P, Boulanger Y, Fournier A. Biological and molecular analyses of structurally reduced analogues of endothelin-1. Mol Pharmacol 1996; 49:1071-9. [PMID: 8649345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Structurally reduced analogues of endothelin-1 (ET-1) were synthesized through linking with an aliphatic spacer [aminocaproic acid (Aca)], segment 3-11 of ET-1 to carboxyl-terminal fragments of various lengths (16-21, 17-21,...,21). The peptides were prepared in their linear or cyclic form, and a formyl group was or was not introduced on the Trp21 side chain. Pharmacological studies were carried out with the guinea pig lung parenchyma paradigm and the rat thoracic aorta bioassay. In the rat aorta, an ET(A) receptor preparation, all of the analogues were inactive. However, in the lung parenchyma, we observed that among the linear formylated derivatives, [Cys(Acm)3,11,Trp(For)21]-(3-11)-Aca-(17-21)ET was a partial agonist. In this series, the presence of His16, as in [Cys(Acm)3,11,Trp(For)21]-(3-11)-Aca-(16-21)ET, caused a decrease in contractile activity, suggesting that the imidazole group disfavors the proper interaction of the linear molecule with the ETB receptors of the lung parenchyma. The loss of biological activity of the deformylated linear analogues strongly suggested that the formyl group played a stabilizing role in the structure of the linear molecules. Interestingly, molecular modeling studies indicated the adoption of different conformations by the formylated and the nonformylated analogues. In contrast, the stabilizing effect of the formyl group was not observed with the cyclic compounds. Furthermore, the presence of His16 favored the contractile activity of the cyclic peptides. Finally, the results demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal residues 18-21 are required for the activity in the guinea pig lung parenchyma ETB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Forget
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Santé, Université du Québec, Pointe-Claire, Canada
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Abstract
Endothelins (ETs) are multifunctional isopeptides and their role in several pathophysiologies is slowly emerging. They are possible therapeutic targets in sepsis and other systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRS). In such conditions, elevated concentrations of ETs have been reported, together with other proinflammatory markers such as several cytokines. Some of the cytokines even modulate the expression, production, and release of ETs from cells and also the biological responsiveness of ETs into the circulation. Here, we systematically review the literature and discuss the role of these peptides in affecting vascular and inflammatory responses in SIRS. This review also intends to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of ETs and their interrelationships to other mediators, mainly cytokines, in SIRS. There is no doubt that ETs are useful markers of vascular injury in SIRS. From experimental evidence in animals, endothelins, as potent vasoconstrictors, play a beneficial central compensatory role against the loss of vascular tone associated with SIRS. Conversely, endothelins compromise the circulation in several vascular beds and exacerbate conditions in which inadequate perfusion already exists during the early stages of SIRS. Since no single magic solution has been found for complex diseases related to SIRS, we should look toward a group of mediators, such as cytokines and endothelins, acting as team players.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Battistini
- William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom
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