1
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Begg TJA, Schmidt A, Kocher A, Larmuseau MHD, Runfeldt G, Maier PA, Wilson JD, Barquera R, Maj C, Szolek A, Sager M, Clayton S, Peltzer A, Hui R, Ronge J, Reiter E, Freund C, Burri M, Aron F, Tiliakou A, Osborn J, Behar DM, Boecker M, Brandt G, Cleynen I, Strassburg C, Prüfer K, Kühnert D, Meredith WR, Nöthen MM, Attenborough RD, Kivisild T, Krause J. Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1431-1447.e22. [PMID: 36958333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) remains among the most influential and popular classical music composers. Health problems significantly impacted his career as a composer and pianist, including progressive hearing loss, recurring gastrointestinal complaints, and liver disease. In 1802, Beethoven requested that following his death, his disease be described and made public. Medical biographers have since proposed numerous hypotheses, including many substantially heritable conditions. Here we attempt a genomic analysis of Beethoven in order to elucidate potential underlying genetic and infectious causes of his illnesses. We incorporated improvements in ancient DNA methods into existing protocols for ancient hair samples, enabling the sequencing of high-coverage genomes from small quantities of historical hair. We analyzed eight independently sourced locks of hair attributed to Beethoven, five of which originated from a single European male. We deemed these matching samples to be almost certainly authentic and sequenced Beethoven's genome to 24-fold genomic coverage. Although we could not identify a genetic explanation for Beethoven's hearing disorder or gastrointestinal problems, we found that Beethoven had a genetic predisposition for liver disease. Metagenomic analyses revealed furthermore that Beethoven had a hepatitis B infection during at least the months prior to his death. Together with the genetic predisposition and his broadly accepted alcohol consumption, these present plausible explanations for Beethoven's severe liver disease, which culminated in his death. Unexpectedly, an analysis of Y chromosomes sequenced from five living members of the Van Beethoven patrilineage revealed the occurrence of an extra-pair paternity event in Ludwig van Beethoven's patrilineal ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan James Alexander Begg
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3ER Cambridge, UK; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maarten H D Larmuseau
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Human Genetic Genealogy, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; ARCHES - Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Histories vzw, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - John D Wilson
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - András Szolek
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Stephen Clayton
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Peltzer
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC) University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruoyun Hui
- MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK; Alan Turing Institute, 2QR, John Dodson House, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | | | - Ella Reiter
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Freund
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marta Burri
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Aron
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anthi Tiliakou
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Joanna Osborn
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3ER Cambridge, UK
| | - Doron M Behar
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Guido Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - William Rhea Meredith
- American Beethoven Society, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; School of Music and Dance, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Robert David Attenborough
- MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK; School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3ER Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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2
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Neumann GU, Skourtanioti E, Burri M, Nelson EA, Michel M, Hiss AN, McGeorge PJP, Betancourt PP, Spyrou MA, Krause J, Stockhammer PW. Ancient Yersinia pestis and Salmonella enterica genomes from Bronze Age Crete. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3641-3649.e8. [PMID: 35882233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the late 3rd millennium BCE, the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East witnessed societal changes in many regions, which are usually explained with a combination of social and climatic factors.1-4 However, recent archaeogenetic research forces us to rethink models regarding the role of infectious diseases in past societal trajectories.5 The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was involved in some of the most destructive historical pandemics,5-8 circulated across Eurasia at least from the onset of the 3rd millennium BCE,9-13 but the challenging preservation of ancient DNA in warmer climates has restricted the identification of Y.pestis from this period to temperate climatic regions. As such, evidence from culturally prominent regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean is currently lacking. Here, we present genetic evidence for the presence of Y. pestis and Salmonella enterica, the causative agent of typhoid/enteric fever, from this period of transformation in Crete, detected at the cave site Hagios Charalambos. We reconstructed one Y. pestis genome that forms part of a now-extinct lineage of Y. pestis strains from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age that were likely not yet adapted for transmission via fleas. Furthermore, we reconstructed two ancient S. enterica genomes from the Para C lineage, which cluster with contemporary strains that were likely not yet fully host adapted to humans. The occurrence of these two virulent pathogens at the end of the Early Minoan period in Crete emphasizes the necessity to re-introduce infectious diseases as an additional factor possibly contributing to the transformation of early complex societies in the Aegean and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 10 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alina N Hiss
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philip P Betancourt
- Department of Art History and Archaeology, Temple University, 2001 N. 13(th) St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80799 München, Germany.
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3
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Voss S, Campanella C, Vitanova K, Burri M, Ruge H, Erlebach M, Lange R. Anatomical Reasons for Technical Failure of Dual-Filter Cerebral Embolic Protection Application in TAVR: A CT-Based analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Skourtanioti E, Erdal YS, Frangipane M, Balossi Restelli F, Yener KA, Pinnock F, Matthiae P, Özbal R, Schoop UD, Guliyev F, Akhundov T, Lyonnet B, Hammer EL, Nugent SE, Burri M, Neumann GU, Penske S, Ingman T, Akar M, Shafiq R, Palumbi G, Eisenmann S, D'Andrea M, Rohrlach AB, Warinner C, Jeong C, Stockhammer PW, Haak W, Krause J. Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus. Cell 2020; 181:1158-1175.e28. [PMID: 32470401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report genome-wide data analyses from 110 ancient Near Eastern individuals spanning the Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, a period characterized by intense interregional interactions for the Near East. We find that 6th millennium BCE populations of North/Central Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus shared mixed ancestry on a genetic cline that formed during the Neolithic between Western Anatolia and regions in today's Southern Caucasus/Zagros. During the Late Chalcolithic and/or the Early Bronze Age, more than half of the Northern Levantine gene pool was replaced, while in the rest of Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, we document genetic continuity with only transient gene flow. Additionally, we reveal a genetically distinct individual within the Late Bronze Age Northern Levant. Overall, our study uncovers multiple scales of population dynamics through time, from extensive admixture during the Neolithic period to long-distance mobility within the globalized societies of the Late Bronze Age. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Yilmaz S Erdal
- Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | | | - K Aslıhan Yener
- Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Frances Pinnock
- Department of Classics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Paolo Matthiae
- Department of Classics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Rana Özbal
- Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Schoop
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Farhad Guliyev
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Tufan Akhundov
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Bertille Lyonnet
- PROCLAC/UMR Laboratory, French National Centre for Scientific Research, UMR 7192, Paris 75005, France
| | - Emily L Hammer
- Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selin E Nugent
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PE, UK
| | - Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Sandra Penske
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tara Ingman
- Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Murat Akar
- Department of Archaeology, Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - Rula Shafiq
- History Department, Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul 34494, Turkey
| | - Giulio Palumbi
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CEPAM (Cultures et Environnements. Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen Âge), CNRS-UMR 7264, Nice 06357, France
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Marta D'Andrea
- Department of Classics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Adam B Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; ARC Centre of Excellence for the Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 80539, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
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5
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Key FM, Posth C, Esquivel-Gomez LR, Hübler R, Spyrou MA, Neumann GU, Furtwängler A, Sabin S, Burri M, Wissgott A, Lankapalli AK, Vågene ÅJ, Meyer M, Nagel S, Tukhbatova R, Khokhlov A, Chizhevsky A, Hansen S, Belinsky AB, Kalmykov A, Kantorovich AR, Maslov VE, Stockhammer PW, Vai S, Zavattaro M, Riga A, Caramelli D, Skeates R, Beckett J, Gradoli MG, Steuri N, Hafner A, Ramstein M, Siebke I, Lösch S, Erdal YS, Alikhan NF, Zhou Z, Achtman M, Bos K, Reinhold S, Haak W, Kühnert D, Herbig A, Krause J. Emergence of human-adapted Salmonella enterica is linked to the Neolithization process. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:324-333. [PMID: 32094538 PMCID: PMC7186082 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the Neolithic transition towards an
agricultural and pastoralist economy facilitated the emergence of human adapted
pathogens. Here, we recovered eight Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica genomes from human skeletons of transitional
foragers, pastoralists, and agro-pastoralists in western Eurasia that were up to
6,500 years old. Despite the high genetic diversity of S.
enterica all ancient bacterial genomes clustered in a single
previously uncharacterized branch that contains S. enterica
adapted to multiple mammalian species. All ancient bacterial genomes from
prehistoric (agro-)pastoralists fall within a part of this branch that also
includes the human-specific S. enterica Paratyphi C,
illustrating the evolution of a human pathogen over a period of five thousand
years. Bacterial genomic comparisons suggest that the earlier ancient strains
were not host specific, differed in pathogenic potential, and experienced
convergent pseudogenization that accompanied their downstream host adaptation.
These observations support the concept that the emergence of human adapted
S. enterica is linked to human cultural
transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Key
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Luis R Esquivel-Gomez
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Ron Hübler
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanna Sabin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Wissgott
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Aditya Kumar Lankapalli
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Åshild J Vågene
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Nagel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rezeda Tukhbatova
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Laboratory of Structural Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr Khokhlov
- Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Chizhevsky
- Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Svend Hansen
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexey Kalmykov
- 'Nasledie' Cultural Heritage Unit, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly R Kantorovich
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefania Vai
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Zavattaro
- Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology, Museum System of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David Caramelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robin Skeates
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | - Noah Steuri
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert Hafner
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inga Siebke
- Department of Physical Anthropology Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Zhemin Zhou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark Achtman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kirsten Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Reinhold
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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6
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Sideris K, Burri M, Prinzing A, Krane M, Guenzinger R, Lange R, Voss B. Long-Term Results of Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair in Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: A Single-Center Experience. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Mittnik A, Massy K, Knipper C, Wittenborn F, Friedrich R, Pfrengle S, Burri M, Carlichi-Witjes N, Deeg H, Furtwängler A, Harbeck M, von Heyking K, Kociumaka C, Kucukkalipci I, Lindauer S, Metz S, Staskiewicz A, Thiel A, Wahl J, Haak W, Pernicka E, Schiffels S, Stockhammer PW, Krause J. Kinship-based social inequality in Bronze Age Europe. Science 2019; 366:731-734. [PMID: 31601705 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Revealing and understanding the mechanisms behind social inequality in prehistoric societies is a major challenge. By combining genome-wide data, isotopic evidence, and anthropological and archaeological data, we have gone beyond the dominating supraregional approaches in archaeogenetics to shed light on the complexity of social status, inheritance rules, and mobility during the Bronze Age. We applied a deep microregional approach and analyzed genome-wide data of 104 human individuals deriving from farmstead-related cemeteries from the Late Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age in southern Germany. Our results reveal individual households, lasting several generations, that consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals; a social organization accompanied by patrilocality and female exogamy; and the stability of this system over 700 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ken Massy
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Friedrich
- Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saskia Pfrengle
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Heidi Deeg
- Museumsverein Bad Mergentheim eV, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michaela Harbeck
- State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Isil Kucukkalipci
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Lindauer
- Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Metz
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, Direktion Landesarchäologie-Außenstelle Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Thiel
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Badem-Württemberg, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ernst Pernicka
- Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Feldman M, Master DM, Bianco RA, Burri M, Stockhammer PW, Mittnik A, Aja AJ, Jeong C, Krause J. Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax0061. [PMID: 31281897 PMCID: PMC6609216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ancient Mediterranean port city of Ashkelon, identified as "Philistine" during the Iron Age, underwent a marked cultural change between the Late Bronze and the early Iron Age. It has been long debated whether this change was driven by a substantial movement of people, possibly linked to a larger migration of the so-called "Sea Peoples." Here, we report genome-wide data of 10 Bronze and Iron Age individuals from Ashkelon. We find that the early Iron Age population was genetically distinct due to a European-related admixture. This genetic signal is no longer detectible in the later Iron Age population. Our results support that a migration event occurred during the Bronze to Iron Age transition in Ashkelon but did not leave a long-lasting genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Feldman
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel M. Master
- Wheaton Archaeology Museum, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL 60187, USA
- Harvard Semitic Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raffaela A. Bianco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp W. Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 12, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam J. Aja
- Harvard Semitic Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.J.); (J.K.)
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9
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Boehm J, Burri M, Herold U, Lange R, Krane M. Life Expectancy of Survivors of Type A Aortic Dissection: A Comparison with the General Population Over a Period of 40 Years. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Boehm
- Technische Universität München, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, München, Germany
| | - M. Burri
- Technische Universität München, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, München, Germany
| | - U. Herold
- Technische Universität München, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, München, Germany
| | - R. Lange
- Technische Universität München, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, München, Germany
| | - M. Krane
- Technische Universität München, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, München, Germany
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10
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Matsushima S, Burri M, Strbad M, Ruf B, Lange R, Cleuziou J. Twenty-Year Experience with the Konno Operation: A Definitive Option for Multilevel Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Strbad
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Cleuziou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Burri M, Mrad A, Cleuziou J, Lange R. Type of Ebstein’s Surgery Affects Reoperation Rate. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Burri
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agua Mrad
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Cleuziou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Lange
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Ono M, Burri M, Cleuziou J, Pabst J, Baran E, Hager A, Schreiber C, Lange R. Long-Term Outcome of Patients Undergoing Total Cavopulmonary Connection in Preteen, Teenage, and Adult Age: Analysis of 50 Consecutive Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ono
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Burri
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - J. Pabst
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E. Baran
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Hager
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - R. Lange
- German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Puluca N, Burri M, Cleuziou J, Lange R. Successive Operations in Marfan Patients Up to 28 Years after Initial Aortic Root Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Puluca
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Clinic at the Technical University, München, Germany
| | - M. Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Clinic at the Technical University, München, Germany
| | - J. Cleuziou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Clinic at the Technical University, München, Germany
| | - R. Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Clinic at the Technical University, München, Germany
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14
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Deutsch M, Erlebach M, Witt O, Burri M, Ziegelmüller J, Goppel G, Mazzitelli D, Krane M, Lange R, Bleiziffer S. Long-Term Outcome of High-Risk Patients Having Undergone TAVI with First-Generation Devices. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Deutsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Erlebach
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - O.G. Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J.A. Ziegelmüller
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Goppel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D. Mazzitelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Bleiziffer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Vitanova K, Cleuziou J, Schreiber C, Kasnar-Samprec J, Prodan Z, Burri M, Lange R. Re-coarctation after Norwood I Procedure for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - Impact of Patch Material. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Kasnar-Samprec J, Cleuziou J, Ono M, Burri M, Strbad M, Vogt M, Lange R, Hörer J. Congenital Heart Surgery in Adults: Improvement of Surgical Performance despite Increasing Complexity. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Ono M, Cleuziou J, Kasnar-Samprec J, Burri M, Strbad M, Vogt M, Hager A, Lange R, Schreiber C, Hörer J. Bessere Hämodynamik und Leistungsfähigkeit im Langzeitverlauf bei Patienten mit pulsatilem pulmonalen Fluss nach atrioventrikulären Fontanmodifikation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Lange R, Burri M, Eschenbach LK, Horer J, Fratz S, Kuehn A, Schreiber C, Vogt M. 194 * DA SILVA'S CONE REPAIR FOR EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY: EFFECT ON RIGHT VENTRICULAR SIZE AND FUNCTION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Burri M, Hörer J, Kasnar-Samprec J, Cleuziou J, Nöbauer C, Vogt M, Lange R, Schreiber C. Arteria subclavia Plastik zur Korrektur eines unterbrochenen Aortenbogens. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Burri M, Horer J, Kasnar-Samprec J, Cleuziou J, Vogt M, Lange R, Schreiber C. 310 * REPAIR OF INTERRUPTED AORTIC ARCH: RESULTS UP TO 35 YEARS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Burri M, Hörer J, Kasnar-Samprec J, Cleuziou J, Vogt M, Lange R, Schreiber C. Aortic arch reconstruction with reversed subclavian flap technique and patch augmentation for IAA: Use of pericardium patch increases rate of aortic arch stenosis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Ramseier CA, Burri M, Berres F, Davis JM. The implementation of a tobacco dependence education curriculum in a Swiss Dental Hygiene School - an 8-year review. Int J Dent Hyg 2012; 11:142-50. [PMID: 23057468 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our investigation was to review the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco dependence education (TDE) curriculum at the Medi School of Dental Hygiene (MSDH), Bern, Switzerland, 2001-2008. METHODS In 2001, new forms to record patients' tobacco use history and willingness to quit were created for all the MSDH patients. In 2002, a new theoretically based tobacco dependence treatment protocol was implemented into the MSDH curriculum. Students received instruction on how to provide brief tobacco use dependence interventions as well as maintain detailed records of patient tobacco use and cessation interventions for every smoker at all dental hygiene visits. RESULTS In 2002, 17 lecture hours were added to the following subjects: pathology, periodontology, preventive dentistry, pharmacology and psychology. During the same time period, 2213 patients (56.9% women) have visited the MSDH. Smoking status was recorded in 85.7% of all the patients (30.2% smokers). Brief tobacco use interventions were recorded in 36.8% of all smokers while 7.6% of these have reported to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the new TDE curriculum was successfully implemented and accepted by the MSDH faculty. Applications in the clinical practice, however, may still be improved to better identify smokers and increase initial and follow-up interventions potentially leading to higher quit rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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23
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Verkooijen H, Deglise C, Rapiti E, Bouchardy C, Usel M, Burri M, Rougemont A, Neyroud-Caspar I, Chappuis P, Vlastos G. Impact of obesity on diagnosis of breast cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Deglise C, Bouchardy C, Rapiti E, Usel M, Burri M, Rougemont A, Neyroud-Caspar I, Vlastos G, Chappuis P, Verkooijen H. Impact of obesity on breast cancer treatment. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Burri M. [Today's amiodarone]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1998; 118:665-9. [PMID: 9838825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Burri
- Département de médecine, Hôpital des Cadolles, Neuchâtel
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26
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Reuge L, Metzger J, Burri M, Kehtari R. [Chronic cardiac insufficiency: current treatment and future outlook]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1996; 116:441-50. [PMID: 8711295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Reuge
- Unité hospitalière de Neuchâtel, Hôpital des Cadolles
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27
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Burri M. Thomas Hepburn Buckler, M.D. Md Med J 1996; 45:419-20. [PMID: 8935857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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28
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Burri M. Med Chi vs. the Thomsonians: a legislative vignette. Md Med J 1996; 45:127-8. [PMID: 8834969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
The amino acid composition of all histones of Trypanosoma cruzi was analyzed, and the terminology of the histones of higher eukaryotes adopted. One chromatin associated protein, previously considered to be a variant of histone H1, could not be clearly identified, and shows features of core histones as well as of histone H1. An improved method for the isolation of intact nuclei and the production of soluble chromatin in T. cruzi was established. The chromatin of T. cruzi is relatively instable and histone H1 is easily lost during experimental manipulations. Histone H1 dissociates completely at a relatively low NaCl concentration of 380 mM, leading to an open nucleosome filament which does not condense. The influence of histone H1 of T. cruzi and of rat liver on the compaction pattern of the chromatin was investigated by homologous and heterologous reconstitution experiments, and analysed by electron microscopy. It could be shown that histone H1 of T. cruzi induces nucleosome filaments of T. cruzi as well as those of rat liver to condense. The same is true for histone H1 of rats. It can be concluded that T. cruzi has a functional histone H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schlimme
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Fishbein RH, Burri M, Crosby RW. Aesculapius at the bicentennial: reflections on the evolution of the insignia of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. Md Med J 1995; 44:705-8. [PMID: 7564929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Fishbein
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
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31
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Burri M, Schlimme W, Betschart B, Lindner H, Kämpfer U, Schaller J, Hecker H. Partial amino acid sequence and functional aspects of histone H1 proteins in Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Biol Cell 1995; 83:23-31. [PMID: 7647705 DOI: 10.1016/0248-4900(96)89928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei brucei, a protozoan parasite of wild and domestic animals in Africa, is related to the pathogenic agent of human sleeping sickness. Four H1 histone proteins were isolated from nuclei of procyclic culture forms and cleaved with proteases. Amino acid sequence analysis of purified fragments indicated the presence of variants which displayed sequence identities as compared to the C-terminal domain of human H1. Substitutions of amino acids and posttranslational modifications of the histones in T b brucei H1 may influence protein conformation and histone-histone as well as histone-DNA interactions in the chromatin of the parasite. Digestion of soluble chromatin with immobilized trypsin at low and high ionic strengths indicated an internal localization of H1 in the condensed chromatin. The influence of histone H1 of T b brucei on the compaction pattern of the chromatin was investigated by dissociation and reconstitution experiments. Electron microscopy revealed that trypanosome H1 was able to induce condensation of the chromatin of the parasite and of rat liver into dense tangles. After dephosphorylation of H1, 30 nm fibers were induced in rat liver chromatin, while the resulting fibers were distinctly thinner in T b brucei. It can be concluded that the absence of 30 nm fibers in T b brucei chromatin cannot be explained by the divergent variants and posttranslational phosphorylations of H1 only but rather by the influence of both, the divergent core histones, previously described, and H1 properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burri
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Abstract
Five groups of histones were shown in Trypanosoma brucei brucei, displaying qualitative and quantitative differences between two stages of the parasite's life-cycle. The influence of the histones of T. b. brucei bloodstream forms on the compaction pattern of the chromatin was investigated and their extractability in diluted acids and their amino acid composition were analysed. While nonhistone proteins barely influenced the formation of higher-order chromatin structures, the histone H1-like proteins were essential for the regular spacing of the nucleosomes and the salt-dependent condensation of the nucleosome filament. Differences were seen in the amino-acid composition of histones of bloodstream forms as compared to procyclic culture forms and higher eukaryotes which may explain the disparities seen in the condensation of the chromatin between the two stages of the life cycle as well as the lack of a salt-dependent condensation into a 30 nm fiber. They point to an alternative method of organizing and processing the genetic information in the nucleus of the trypanosome as compared to higher eukaryotes, the possible hosts of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burri
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel
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33
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Abstract
The nuclear chromatin of trypanosomes is organised in the form of nucleosome filaments. When soluble chromatin is prepared under suitable conditions, a regular array of nucleosomes can be shown by electron microscopy. Chromatin of blood stream as well as procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and of T. cruzi shows limited compaction at salt concentrations increasing from 1 to 100 mM. No 30 nm fibres, typical for higher eukaryotes, are formed. Digestion of the nuclear chromatin with micrococcal nuclease and analysis of the histone proteins with various techniques reveal that the basic organisation of the trypanosome chromatin is similar but not identical as compared to that of higher eukaryotes. Distinct differences are present with respect to biochemical properties of the histones as well as to their interaction with the DNA. The primary structure of the histones also differs significantly from that found in other lower and higher eukaryotes. The function of the recently described H1-like proteins in trypanosomes is currently being investigated. The differences that have already been found in the structure and compaction of the trypanosome chromatin compared to that of higher eukaryotes lead us to expect differences of gene expression which, in turn, might offer targets for the control of trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hecker
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Burri M. [The elderly person and cardiovascular rehabilitation]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1994; 114:689-90. [PMID: 7939093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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35
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Abstract
The chromatin of Trypanosoma congolense was analyzed by electron microscopy. The chromatin is organized as nucleosome filaments but does not form a 30 nm fiber. There are five groups of histones, including a histone H1-like protein, which as a molecular weight within the range of the core histones, and is extremely hydrophilic. Weak histone-histone interaction, a typical feature of trypanosome chromatin, was found. These results are similar to those for T. cruzi and T. b. brucei, but differ significantly from those for higher eukaryotes. The results confirm the model of trypanosome chromatin, and support the theory of their early separation from the other eukaryotes during the evolution. T. congolensis is an excellent model for chromatin research on trypanosomes, because it is easy to cultivate and its chromatin has, a relatively high stability, compared to that of other trypanosomes.
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36
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Jornod P, Kehtari R, Burri M, Enrico JF. [Late post-traumatic pericardial effusion. Identification of promoting conditions and literature review apropos of 2 cases]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1993; 113:917-32. [PMID: 8272718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors report two cases of post traumatic haemopericardium discovered 18 days after a iatrogenic penetrating trauma (sternal puncture) for the first one, and 102 days after a fall with blunt thoracic trauma and multiple associated injuries, for the second one. After admission, the first case rapidly developed a severe tamponade requiring a pericardial drainage, of 420 ml of non coagulated blood. The second case, in spite of a volume of liquid of more than 1000 ml, showed only a fatigue and a dyspnea, without any sign of haemodynamic failure. A literature review allows to be more specific about the characteristics of the tamponade and the different mechanisms responsible for cardiac injuries connected to thoracic traumas. For many reasons, the cardiac damages and/or their complications are often misjudged, particularly in thoracic traumas associated with multiple lesions. Among the sequelae, pericarditis, with or without effusion, is particularly frequent and it is essential to systematically look for it before dismissing a patient who went through a thoracic trauma. As for the bone marrow sampling, the sternal puncture generates a great number of injuries and must be proscribed. The iliac crest puncture should take its place.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jornod
- Service de soins intensifs, Unité hospitalière de Neuchâtel, Hôpital des Cadolles
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37
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Schlimme W, Burri M, Bender K, Betschart B, Hecker H. Trypanosoma brucei brucei: differences in the nuclear chromatin of bloodstream forms and procyclic culture forms. Parasitology 1993; 107 ( Pt 3):237-47. [PMID: 8233587 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200007921x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosome filaments of two stages of the life-cycle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, namely bloodstream forms and procyclic culture forms, were investigated by electron microscopy. Chromatin of bloodstream forms showed a salt-dependent condensation. The level of condensation was higher than that shown by chromatin from procyclic culture forms, but 30 nm fibres as formed in rat liver chromatin preparations were not found. Analysis of histones provided new evidence for the existence of H1-like proteins, which comigrated in the region of the core histones in SDS-PAGE and in front of the core histones in Triton acid urea gels. Differences were found between the H1-like proteins of the two trypanosome stages as well as between the core histones in their amount, number of bands and banding pattern. It can be concluded that T. b. brucei contains a full set of histones, including H1-like proteins, and that the poor condensation of its chromatin is not due to the absence of H1, but most probably due to histone-DNA interaction being weak. It is obvious that structural and functional differences of the chromatin exist not only between T. b. brucei and higher eukaryotes, but also between various stages of the life-cycle of the parasite. It is therefore not adequate to investigate the chromatin only of the procyclic culture forms as a model for all stages of the life-cycle of T. b. brucei.
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38
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Werder EA, Torresani T, Navratil F, Arbenz U, Eiholzer U, Pelet B, Burri M, Schwarzenbach P, Hunziker U. Pericardial effusion as a sign of acquired hypothyroidism in children with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 1993; 152:397-8. [PMID: 8319703 DOI: 10.1007/bf01955895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In three children with Down syndrome and acquired hypothyroidism echocardiography was performed before and after the start of L-thyroxine treatment. Initial studies revealed pericardial effusions which resolved during treatment suggesting that they were caused by hypothyroidism. The incidence of hypothyroidism in Down syndrome is high, but the diagnosis is often missed for lack of specific clinical criteria. The finding of pericardial effusion by echocardiography may be essential in discovering thyroid dysfunction. The cases illustrate that regular thyroid function tests are important in Down syndrome.
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39
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Burri M, Schlimme W, Betschart B, Kämpfer U, Schaller J, Hecker H. Biochemical and functional characterization of histone H1-like proteins in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Parasitol Res 1993; 79:649-59. [PMID: 8295902 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Four variants and/or posttranslational modifications of histone H1-like proteins of Trypanosoma brucei brucei procyclic culture forms were extracted with 0.25 N HCl from isolated nuclei and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of these proteins, their ability to space nucleosomes regularly and to induce salt-dependent condensation of the chromatin indicated their histone H1 nature. On the other hand, the histone H1-like proteins clearly differed from their higher-eukaryote counterparts by their weak interaction with DNA under low-salt conditions. As a consequence, intact nucleosome filaments were prepared according to a new preparation protocol especially adapted to the unstable chromatin of T. b. brucei. Our results indicate that the biochemical properties of the histone H1-like proteins contribute to the structural and functional differences between the chromatin of procyclic T. b. brucei and that of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burri
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel
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40
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Dambly-Chaudière C, Jamet E, Burri M, Bopp D, Basler K, Hafen E, Dumont N, Spielmann P, Ghysen A, Noll M. The paired box gene pox neuro: A determiant of poly-innervated sense organs in Drosophila. Cell 1992; 69:159-72. [PMID: 1348214 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the structure and function of pox neuro (poxn), a gene previously isolated by virtue of a conserved domain, the paired box, which it shares with the segmentation genes paired and gooseberry. Its expression pattern has been analyzed, particularly during development of the PNS. We propose that poxn is a "neuroblast identity" gene acting in both the PNS and the CNS on the basis of the following evidence. Its expression is restricted to four neuronal precursors in each hemisegment: two neuronal stem cells (neuroblasts) in the CNS, and two sensory mother cells (SMCs) in the PNS. The SMCs that express poxn produce the poly-innervated external sense organs of the larva. In poxn- embryos, poly-innervated sense organs are transformed into mono-innervated. Conversely, ectopic expression of poxn in embryos transformed with a heat-inducible poxn gene can switch mono-innervated to poly-innervated sense organs. Expression of poxn in the wing disc is restricted to the SMCs of the poly-innervated sense organs, suggesting that poxn also determines the lineage of poly-innervated adult sense organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dambly-Chaudière
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium
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41
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Gruber A, Soldati D, Burri M, Schümperli D. Isolation of an active gene and of two pseudogenes for mouse U7 small nuclear RNA. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1088:151-4. [PMID: 1989694 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(91)90167-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three U7 RNA-related sequences were isolated from mouse genomic DNA libraries. Only one of the sequences completely matches the published mouse U7 RNA sequence, whereas the other two apparently represent pseudogenes. The matching sequence represents a functional gene, as it is expressed after microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Sequence variations of the conserved cis-acting 5' and 3' elements of U RNA genes may partly explain the low abundance of U7 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gruber
- Abteilung für Entwicklungsbiologie, Zoologisches Institut der Universität Bern, Switzerland
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42
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Abstract
Two new paired domain genes of Drosophila, Pox meso and Pox neuro, are described. In contrast to the previously isolated paired domain genes, paired and gooseberry, which contain both a paired and a homeo-domain (PHox genes), Pox meso and Pox neuro possess no homeodomain. Evidence suggesting that the new genes encode tissue-specific transcriptional factors and belong to the same regulatory cascade as the other paired domain genes includes (i) tissue-specific expression of Pox meso in the somatic mesoderm and of Pox neuro in the central and peripheral nervous system, (ii) nuclear localization of their proteins, (iii) dependence on prd activity and (iv) presence of the paired domain in genes of known regulatory activity. While no mutant phenotypes of Pox meso and Pox neuro have yet been discovered, a murine gene with a paired domain closely homologous to that of Pox meso has recently been identified with the undulated mutant. Both Pox meso and undulated are expressed in tissues derived from the somatic mesoderm. The five known Drosophila paired domains fall into three classes: (i) the prd,gsb-class, (ii) the Pox meso, undulated-class and (iii) the Pox neuro-class which probably includes the paired domain of the murine gene Pax 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bopp
- Department of Cell Biology, Biocenter of the University, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Abstract
Sequences homologous to the paired domain of Drosophila melanogaster have been conserved in species as distantly related as nematodes, sea urchins, or man. In particular, paired domains of three human genes, HuP1, HuP2 and HuP48, have been isolated and sequenced. Together with four Drosophila paired domains, they fall into two separate paired domain classes named according to their Drosophila members, paired--gooseberry and P29 class. The P29 class includes the mouse Pax 1 and the human HuP48 gene which are nearly identical in their sequenced portions and hence might be true homologues. In addition to the paired domain, the two human genes HuP1 and HuP2 share the highly conserved octapeptide HSIAGILG with the two gooseberry genes of Drosophila. Possible functions of the paired domain are discussed in the light of a predicted helix-turn-helix structure in its carboxy-terminal portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burri
- Department of Cell Biology, Biocenter of the University, Basel, Switzerland
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Berleth T, Burri M, Thoma G, Bopp D, Richstein S, Frigerio G, Noll M, Nüsslein-Volhard C. The role of localization of bicoid RNA in organizing the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J 1988; 7:1749-56. [PMID: 2901954 PMCID: PMC457163 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of the anterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo is mediated by the maternal effect gene bicoid. bcd has been identified in an 8.7-kb genomic fragment by germ line transformants that completely rescue the mutant phenotype. The major transcript of 2.6 kb includes a homeobox with low homology to previously known homeoboxes, a PRD-repeat and a M-repeat. In situ hybridizations reveal that bcd is transcribed in the nurse cells. The mRNA is localized at the anterior tip of oocyte and early embryo until the cellular blastoderm stage. The localization of the transcript requires the function of the maternal effect genes exuperantia and swallow while transcript stability is reduced by functions depending on posterior group genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berleth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Genetik, Tübingen, FRG
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45
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Frei E, Schuh R, Baumgartner S, Burri M, Noll M, Jürgens G, Seifert E, Nauber U, Jäckle H. Molecular characterization of spalt,
a homeotic gene required for head and tail development in the Drosophila
embryo. EMBO J 1988; 7:197-204. [PMID: 16453821 PMCID: PMC454251 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation, identification and structure of the spalt gene is described. This novel homeotic gene of Drosophila is required for the establishment of the posterior-most head and the anterior-most tail segments of the embryo. It encodes a small mRNA of 0.8 kb which is under the control of over 15 kb of upstream sequences as indicated by the phenotype of transformed embryos. The putative spalt protein contains internal repeats and other interesting structural motifs but no homeo box. The spalt transcript accumulates motifs but no homeo box. The spalt transcript accumulates to high levels in the segmental anlagen affected in mutant embryos but is also found in regions of the embryo where no functional requirement has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frei
- Department of Cell Biology, Biocenter of the University, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Baumgartner S, Bopp D, Burri M, Noll M. Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. Genes Dev 1987; 1:1247-67. [PMID: 3123319 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1.10.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gooseberry (gsb) locus contains two closely linked genes, BSH9 and BSH4, which are structurally related to each other and to the paired (prd) gene. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA shows that BSH9 and BSH4 can encode proteins of 427 and 452 amino acids, respectively. The structural homology between these two putative proteins and the prd protein consists essentially of two domains forming most of the amino-terminal halves of the proteins: the prd domain of 128 amino acids and a prd-type homeo domain of 60 amino acids, which is extended by 18 amino acids at its amino-terminal end. The temporal profiles of BSH9 and BSH4 transcripts, as characterized by Northern analysis, show a peak shortly after the peak of prd transcripts. The spatial distributions of BSH9 and BSH4 transcripts have been analyzed by in situ hybridization to whole-mount and sectioned embryos. BSH9 transcripts appear in the posterior ventrolateral part of each primordial segment throughout the embryo, including head and tail segments. Transcripts are initially restricted to the ectoderm, in which they arise as two spatially shifted and temporally delayed waves exhibiting double-segment periodicity and anteroposterior polarity. During germ-band extension, BSH9 is induced in the mesoderm in register with the ectoderm and neurectoderm and in the tail segments A9-A11. In contrast, BSH4 transcripts appear with a single-segment repeat, first, in the neurectoderm during germ-band extension and, later, in single neurons during neuronal differentiation. BSH9, BSH4, and prd are activated in cells that are in register along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo in the posterior parts of primordial segments comprising the posterior compartments of engrailed expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baumgartner
- Department of Cell Biology, Biocenter, University of Basel, Switzerland
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47
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Bopp D, Burri M, Baumgartner S, Frigerio G, Noll M. Conservation of a large protein domain in the segmentation gene paired and in functionally related genes of Drosophila. Cell 1986; 47:1033-40. [PMID: 2877747 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extending our search for homologous domains of the Drosophila paired gene, two closely linked genes at the gooseberry locus have been isolated. Both genes are expressed with a single segment periodicity but with different spatial and temporal expression patterns. While the transcripts of one gene appear earlier and are equally distributed between ectoderm and mesoderm, those of the second gene accumulate preferentially in neuroblasts. The similarity of these expression patterns to the 14-band pattern of the paired gene suggests a functional relationship. Such a functional link may be reflected in the two structurally homologous domains shared with the paired gene: a new type of homeo box extended by 18 amino acids at the 5' end, and a new domain, the paired box, consisting of a sequence of 128-135 amino acids. Thus, together with the PRD repeat, the paired gene contains at least three different domains, each defining a gene set thought to be important for development.
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Frigerio G, Burri M, Bopp D, Baumgartner S, Noll M. Structure of the segmentation gene paired and the Drosophila PRD gene set as part of a gene network. Cell 1986; 47:735-46. [PMID: 2877746 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of paired, a pair-rule gene required for segmentation in Drosophila, is presented. A search for genes with domains homologous to the paired gene was initiated and three homologues from a set of 12 were characterized with respect to temporal or spatial expression and sequence homologies. All four are transcribed in early development, one in the oocyte and during cleavage stages in the form of a gradient. In addition to the prd-specific his-pro repeat, some of the 12 genes contain M-repeats and two new types of homeo boxes not detectable by hybridization with the two known classes of homeo boxes. The observed linking of gene sets through combinations of homologies coding for protein domains is consistent with a general network concept of gene action.
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Burri M, Bopp P. [Congenital intercoronary arterial anastomosis. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1986; 79:1962-4. [PMID: 3105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of coronary arterial anastomosis between the right coronary and left circumflex arteries in the absence of other coronary pathology. This is an exceptionally rare congenital malformation which is situated either in the atrioventricular groove or at the apex in the interventricular groove. It constitutes a diagnostic pitfall because, in contrast to a collateral circulation, it is not an indirect sign of occlusive coronary artery.
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50
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Frei E, Bopp D, Burri M, Baumgartner S, Edström JE, Noll M. Isolation and structural analysis of the extra sex combs gene of Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1985; 50:127-34. [PMID: 3006985 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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