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Nguyen MN, Hooper C, Stefanini M, Vrellaku B, Carnicer R, Wood MJ, Simon JN, Casadei B. Why is early-onset atrial fibrillation uncommon in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Insights from the mdx mouse. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:519-530. [PMID: 38270932 PMCID: PMC11060487 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS A reduction in both dystrophin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) secondary to microRNA-31 (miR-31) up-regulation contributes to the atrial electrical remodelling that underpins human and experimental atrial fibrillation (AF). In contrast, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), who lack dystrophin and NOS1 and, at least in the skeletal muscle, have raised miR-31 expression, do not have increase susceptibility to AF in the absence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether dystrophin deficiency is also associated with atrial up-regulation of miR-31, loss of NOS1 protein, and increased AF susceptibility in young mdx mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiography showed normal cardiac structure and function in 12-13 weeks mdx mice, with no indication by assay of hydroxyproline that atrial fibrosis had developed. The absence of dystrophin in mdx mice was accompanied by an overall reduction in syntrophin and a lower NOS1 protein content in the skeletal muscle and in the left atrial and ventricular myocardium, with the latter occurring alongside reduced Nos1 transcript levels (exons 1-2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and an increase in NOS1 polyubiquitination [assessed using tandem polyubiquitination pulldowns; P < 0.05 vs. wild type (WT)]. Neither the up-regulation of miR-31 nor the substantial reduction in NOS activity observed in the skeletal muscle was present in the atrial tissue of mdx mice. At difference with the skeletal muscle, the mdx atrial myocardium showed a reduction in the constitutive NOS inhibitor, caveolin-1, coupled with an increase in NOS3 serine1177 phosphorylation, in the absence of differences in the protein content of other NOS isoforms or in the relative expression NOS1 splice variants. In line with these findings, transoesophageal atrial burst pacing revealed no difference in AF susceptibility between mdx mice and their WT littermates. CONCLUSION Dystrophin depletion is not associated with atrial miR-31 up-regulation, reduced NOS activity, or increased AF susceptibility in the mdx mouse. Compared with the skeletal muscle, the milder atrial biochemical phenotype may explain why patients with DMD do not exhibit a higher prevalence of atrial arrhythmias despite a reduction in NOS1 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte Hooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matilde Stefanini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics and Muscular Dystrophy UK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Wood MJ, Al-Jabri T, Stelzhammer T, Brivio A, Donaldson J, Skinner JA, Barrett D. Distal femoral replacement for the treatment of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures around a total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2024; 16:94574. [PMID: 38666188 PMCID: PMC11043028 DOI: 10.52965/001c.94574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periprosthetic fracture is a rare complication of arthroplasty but can have devastating consequences for the patient and presents a complex surgical challenge. Locking compression plate and retrograde intramedullary nail are both widely accepted surgical fixation techniques for distal femoral periprosthetic fractures around a total knee arthroplasty. Although there is still a need for further high-quality research into both techniques, there is even less literature concerning the use of distal femoral replacement to treat distal femoral periprosthetic fractures. Interest has been piqued in distal femoral replacements for the treatment of distal femoral periprosthetic fractures due to the theoretical advantages of immediate post-operative weight-bearing and lack of dependence on fracture union, but there are still understandably reservations about performing such an extensive and invasive procedure when an accepted alternative is available. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the current literature to compare the complication rates and return to pre-operative ambulatory status of distal femoral replacement and locking compression plate. Method A literature search was performed to identify articles related to the management of distal femoral periprosthetic fractures around a total knee arthroplasty in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Methodological quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) criteria. Articles were reviewed, and data extracted for analysis. Results Five articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 345 periprosthetic fractures. The overall rates of complications for distal femoral replacement and locking compression plate were: re-operation (6.1% vs 12.1%), infection (3.0% vs 5.3%), mortality (19.7% vs 19.3%), and return to pre-operative ambulatory status (60.9% vs 71.8%) (respectively). Conclusion This meta-analysis shows no statistically significant difference in the rates of re-operation, infection, mortality or return to pre-operative ambulatory status when comparing distal femoral replacement to locking compression plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wood
- Joint Reconstruction Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | | | | | - Angela Brivio
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery King Edward VII Hospital
| | - James Donaldson
- Joint Reconstruction Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - John A Skinner
- Joint Reconstruction Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - David Barrett
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery King Edward VII Hospital
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Honeyman SI, Owen WJ, Mier J, Marks K, Dassanyake SN, Wood MJ, Fairhead R, Martinez-Soler P, Jasem H, Yarlagadda A, Roach JR, Boukas A, Stacey R, Apostolopoulos V, Plaha P. Multiple surgical resections for progressive IDH wildtype glioblastoma-is it beneficial? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:138. [PMID: 38488994 PMCID: PMC10943163 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma (rGB) remains equivocal. This study aims to assess the overall survival and complications rates of single or repeat resection for rGB. METHODS A single-centre retrospective review of all patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma managed surgically, between January 2014 and January 2022, was carried out. Patient survival and factors influencing prognosis were analysed, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-two patients were included, of whom 329 underwent single resection, 83 had two resections and 20 patients underwent three resections. Median OS (mOS) in the cohort who underwent a single operation was 13.7 months (95% CI: 12.7-14.7 months). The mOS was observed to be extended in patients who underwent second or third-time resection, at 22.9 months and 44.7 months respectively (p < 0.001). On second operation achieving > 95% resection or residual tumour volume of < 2.25 cc was significantly associated with prolonged survival. There was no significant difference in overall complication rates between primary versus second (p = 0.973) or third-time resections (p = 0.312). The use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) guided resection was associated with reduced post-operative neurological deficit (RR 0.37, p = 0.002), as was use of intraoperative ultrasound (iUSS) (RR 0.45, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates potential prolongation of survival for rGB patients undergoing repeat resection, without significant increase in complication rates with repeat resections. Achieving a more complete repeat resection improved survival. Moreover, the use of intraoperative imaging adjuncts can maximise tumour resection, whilst minimising the risk of neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Isabel Honeyman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - William J Owen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan Mier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Katya Marks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sohani N Dassanyake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Fairhead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Pablo Martinez-Soler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Hussain Jasem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ananya Yarlagadda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joy R Roach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandros Boukas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Stacey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Puneet Plaha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Al-Jabri T, Wood MJ, Faddul F, Musbahi O, Bajracharya A, Magan AA, Jayadev C, Giannoudis PV. Periprosthetic Distal Femoral Fractures Around a Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Meta-analysis Comparing Locking compression Plating and Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2024; 16:91507. [PMID: 38765295 PMCID: PMC10807720 DOI: 10.52965/001c.91507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The number of total knee replacements (TKRs) performed per year has been increasing annually and it is estimated that by 2030 demand would reach 3.48 million procedures per year in the United States Of America. The prevalence of periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) around TKRs has followed this trend with incidences ranging from 0.3% to 3.5%. Distal femoral PPFs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. When there is sufficient bone stock in the distal femur and a fracture pattern conducive to fixation, locking compression plating (LCP) and retrograde intramedullary nailing (RIMN) are commonly used fixation strategies. Conversely, in situations with loosening and deficient bone stock, a salvage procedure such as a distal femoral replacement is recognized as an alternative. This meta-analysis investigates the rates of non-union, re-operation, infection, and mortality for LCPs and RIMNs when performed for distal femoral PPFs fractures around TKRs. Method A search was conducted to identify articles relevant to the management of distal femoral PPFs around TKRs in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were then assessed for methodological quality using the methodological items for non-randomised studies (MINORS) criteria. Articles were reviewed, and data were compiled into tables for analysis. Results 10 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 528 PPFs. The overall incidence of complications was: non-union 9.4%, re-operation 12.9%, infection 2.4%, and mortality 5.5%. This meta-analysis found no significant differences between RIMN and LCP in rates of non-union (9.2% vs 9.6%) re-operation (15.1% vs 11.3%), infection (2.1% vs 2.6%), and mortality (6.0% vs 5.2%), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in rates of non-union, re-operation, infection, and mortality between RIMN and LCP and both remain valid surgical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Al-Jabri
- Orthopaedic Surgery Imperial College London
- Joint Reconstruction Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - Farah Faddul
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - Chethan Jayadev
- Joint Reconstruction Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary
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Hartley VL, Qaqish AM, Wood MJ, Studnicka BT, Iwai K, Liu TC, MacDuff DA. HOIL1 Regulates Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Colon and Protects against Systemic Dissemination, Colonic Ulceration, and Lethality from Citrobacter rodentium Infection. J Immunol 2023; 211:1823-1834. [PMID: 37902285 PMCID: PMC10841105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL1)-deficient patients experience chronic intestinal inflammation and diarrhea as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. HOIL1 is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex that regulates immune signaling pathways, including NF-κB-activating pathways. We have shown previously that HOIL1 is essential for survival following Citrobacter rodentium gastrointestinal infection of mice, but the mechanism of protection by HOIL1 was not examined. C. rodentium is an important murine model for human attaching and effacing pathogens, enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea and foodborne illnesses and lead to severe disease in children and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we found that C. rodentium infection resulted in severe colitis and dissemination of C. rodentium to systemic organs in HOIL1-deficient mice. HOIL1 was important in the innate immune response to limit early replication and dissemination of C. rodentium. Using bone marrow chimeras and cell type-specific knockout mice, we found that HOIL1 functioned in radiation-resistant cells and partly in radiation-sensitive cells and in myeloid cells to limit disease, but it was dispensable in intestinal epithelial cells. HOIL1 deficiency significantly impaired the expansion of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and their production of IL-22 during C. rodentium infection. Understanding the role HOIL1 plays in type 3 inflammation and in limiting the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing lesion-forming bacteria will provide further insight into the innate immune response to gastrointestinal pathogens and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hartley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Arwa M Qaqish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Studnicka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Donna A MacDuff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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González-Martínez I, Cerro-Herreros E, Moreno N, García-Rey A, Espinosa-Espinosa J, Carrascosa-Sàez M, Piqueras-Losilla D, Arzumanov A, Seoane-Miraz D, Jad Y, Raz R, Wood MJ, Varela MA, Llamusí B, Artero R. Peptide-conjugated antimiRs improve myotonic dystrophy type 1 phenotypes by promoting endogenous MBNL1 expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 34:102024. [PMID: 37744174 PMCID: PMC10514136 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene that generates toxic RNA with a myriad of downstream alterations in RNA metabolism. A key consequence is the sequestration of alternative splicing regulatory proteins MBNL1/2 by expanded transcripts in the affected tissues. MBNL1/2 depletion interferes with a developmental alternative splicing switch that causes the expression of fetal isoforms in adults. Boosting the endogenous expression of MBNL proteins by inhibiting the natural translational repressors miR-23b and miR-218 has previously been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach. We designed antimiRs against both miRNAs with a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO) chemistry conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to improve delivery to affected tissues. In DM1 cells, CPP-PMOs significantly increased MBNL1 levels. In some candidates, this was achieved using concentrations less than two orders of magnitude below the median toxic concentration, with up to 5.38-fold better therapeutic window than previous antagomiRs. In HSALR mice, intravenous injections of CPP-PMOs improve molecular, histopathological, and functional phenotypes, without signs of toxicity. Our findings place CPP-PMOs as promising antimiR candidates to overcome the treatment delivery challenge in DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Martínez
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Rey
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Espinosa-Espinosa
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Marc Carrascosa-Sàez
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Piqueras-Losilla
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrey Arzumanov
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Seoane-Miraz
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yahya Jad
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Raz
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel A. Varela
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Translational Genomics Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avenue Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Wood MJ, Al-Jabri T, Zaghloul A, Lanting B, Giannoudis PV, Hart AJ. Periprosthetic acetabular fractures as a complication of total hip arthroplasty. Injury 2023; 54:111058. [PMID: 37748235 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic acetabular fractures are rare but potentially devastating complications of total hip arthroplasty. As the number of total hip arthroplasties performed annually increases, so has the incidence of periprosthetic fractures, with the topic being spotlighted more frequently in the orthopaedic community. There is a particular sparsity of literature regarding periprosthetic acetabular fractures, with periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty being traditionally far more commonly reported. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, classifications, and management strategies for periprosthetic acetabular fractures after total hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wood
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Talal Al-Jabri
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom; Rorabeck Bourne Joint Replacement Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Zaghloul
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Lanting
- Rorabeck Bourne Joint Replacement Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Wing, Floor D, Great George Street, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alister James Hart
- Joint Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
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Selvakumaran J, Ursu S, Bowerman M, Lu-Nguyen N, Wood MJ, Malerba A, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ. An Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Model to Test the Crossing by Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors and Antisense Oligonucleotides. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2700. [PMID: 37893074 PMCID: PMC10604610 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the specialised microvasculature system that shields the central nervous system (CNS) from potentially toxic agents. Attempts to develop therapeutic agents targeting the CNS have been hindered by the lack of predictive models of BBB crossing. In vitro models mimicking the human BBB are of great interest, and advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies and the availability of reproducible differentiation protocols have facilitated progress. In this study, we present the efficient differentiation of three different wild-type iPSC lines into brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Once differentiated, cells displayed several features of BMECs and exhibited significant barrier tightness as measured by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), ranging from 1500 to >6000 Ωcm2. To assess the functionality of our BBB models, we analysed the crossing efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides, both currently used in genetic approaches for the treatment of rare diseases. We demonstrated superior barrier crossing by AAV serotype 9 compared to serotype 8, and no crossing by a cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide. In conclusion, our study shows that iPSC-based models of the human BBB display robust phenotypes and could be used to screen drugs for CNS penetration in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamuna Selvakumaran
- AGCTlab, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Simona Ursu
- AGCTlab, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.S.); (S.U.)
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Ngoc Lu-Nguyen
- Gene Medicine Laboratory for Rare Diseases, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (N.L.-N.); (A.M.)
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK;
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alberto Malerba
- Gene Medicine Laboratory for Rare Diseases, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (N.L.-N.); (A.M.)
| | - Rafael J. Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.S.); (S.U.)
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Geraghty T, Obeidat AM, Ishihara S, Wood MJ, Li J, Lopes EBP, Scanzello CR, Griffin TM, Malfait AM, Miller RE. Age-Associated Changes in Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain-Related Behaviors, and Dorsal Root Ganglia Immunophenotyping of Male and Female Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1770-1780. [PMID: 37096632 PMCID: PMC10543384 DOI: 10.1002/art.42530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain, yet OA pain management remains poor. Age is the strongest predictor of OA development, and mechanisms driving OA pain are unclear. We undertook this study to characterize age-associated changes in knee OA, pain-related behaviors, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) molecular phenotypes in mice of both sexes. METHODS Male or female C57BL/6 mice 6 or 20 months of age were evaluated for histopathologic knee OA, pain-related behaviors, and L3-L5 DRG immune characterization via flow cytometry. DRG gene expression in older mice and humans was also examined. RESULTS Male mice at 20 months of age had worse cartilage degeneration than 6-month-old mice. Older female mouse knees showed increased cartilage degeneration but to a lesser degree than those of male mice. Older mice of both sexes had worse mechanical allodynia, knee hyperalgesia, and grip strength compared to younger mice. For both sexes, DRGs from older mice showed decreased CD45+ cells and a significant increase in F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells. Older male mouse DRGs showed increased expression of Ccl2 and Ccl5, and older female mouse DRGs showed increased Cxcr4 and Ccl3 expression compared to 6-month-old mouse DRGs, among other differentially expressed genes. Human DRG analysis from 6 individuals >80 years of age revealed elevated CCL2 in men compared to women, whereas CCL3 was higher in DRGs from women. CONCLUSION We found that aging in male and female mice is accompanied by mild knee OA, mechanical sensitization, and changes to immune cell populations in the DRG, suggesting novel avenues for development of OA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Geraghty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alia M. Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Carla R. Scanzello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corp. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Timothy M. Griffin
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- OKC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Vroman R, Hunter RS, Wood MJ, Davis OC, Malfait Z, George DS, Ren D, Tavares-Ferreira D, Price TJ, Miller RJ, Malfait AM, Malfait F, Miller RE, Syx D. Analysis of matrisome expression patterns in murine and human dorsal root ganglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1232447. [PMID: 37664243 PMCID: PMC10471487 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1232447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure of molecules that can be divided into six different categories and are collectively called the matrisome. The ECM plays pivotal roles in physiological processes in many tissues, including the nervous system. Intriguingly, alterations in ECM molecules/pathways are associated with painful human conditions and murine pain models. Nevertheless, mechanistic insight into the interplay of normal or defective ECM and pain is largely lacking. The goal of this study was to integrate bulk, single-cell, and spatial RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets to investigate the expression and cellular origin of matrisome genes in male and female murine and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Bulk RNAseq showed that about 65% of all matrisome genes were expressed in both murine and human DRG, with proportionally more core matrisome genes (glycoproteins, collagens, and proteoglycans) expressed compared to matrisome-associated genes (ECM-affiliated genes, ECM regulators, and secreted factors). Single cell RNAseq on male murine DRG revealed the cellular origin of matrisome expression. Core matrisome genes, especially collagens, were expressed by fibroblasts whereas matrisome-associated genes were primarily expressed by neurons. Cell-cell communication network analysis with CellChat software predicted an important role for collagen signaling pathways in connecting vascular cell types and nociceptors in murine tissue, which we confirmed by analysis of spatial transcriptomic data from human DRG. RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of collagens in fibroblasts surrounding nociceptors in male and female human DRG. Finally, comparing human neuropathic pain samples with non-pain samples also showed differential expression of matrisome genes produced by both fibroblasts and by nociceptors. This study supports the idea that the DRG matrisome may contribute to neuronal signaling in both mouse and human, and that dysregulation of matrisome genes is associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vroman
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rahel S. Hunter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olivia C. Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Zoë Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dale S. George
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Obeidat AM, Wood MJ, Adamczyk NS, Ishihara S, Li J, Wang L, Ren D, Bennett DA, Miller RJ, Malfait AM, Miller RE. Piezo2 expressing nociceptors mediate mechanical sensitization in experimental osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2479. [PMID: 37120427 PMCID: PMC10148822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-opioid targets are needed for addressing osteoarthritis pain, which is mechanical in nature and associated with daily activities such as walking and climbing stairs. Piezo2 has been implicated in the development of mechanical pain, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain poorly understood, including the role of nociceptors. Here we show that nociceptor-specific Piezo2 conditional knock-out mice were protected from mechanical sensitization associated with inflammatory joint pain in female mice, joint pain associated with osteoarthritis in male mice, as well as both knee swelling and joint pain associated with repeated intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor in male mice. Single cell RNA sequencing of mouse lumbar dorsal root ganglia and in situ hybridization of mouse and human lumbar dorsal root ganglia revealed that a subset of nociceptors co-express Piezo2 and Ntrk1 (the gene that encodes the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA). These results suggest that nerve growth factor-mediated sensitization of joint nociceptors, which is critical for osteoarthritic pain, is also dependent on Piezo2, and targeting Piezo2 may represent a therapeutic option for osteoarthritis pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Natalie S Adamczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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12
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Alkhaibari AM, Wood MJ, Yavasoglu SI, Bull JC, Butt TM. Optimizing the Application Timing and Dosage of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) as a Biological Control Agent of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:339-345. [PMID: 36539333 PMCID: PMC9989833 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the principal vector of dengue and other viruses that cause disease among 100 to 400 million people each year. The recent development of widespread insecticidal resistance has led to the rapid development of biological control solutions aimed at larval control. While the efficacy of Metarhizium brunneum has been shown against Aedes larvae, the impact of larval population dynamics will need to be determined to formulate effective control strategies. In this study, larvae were subjected to four concentrations of M. brunneum (105, 106, 107, 108 conidia ml-1). Larvae were found to be susceptible to M. brunneum with dose-dependent efficacy. When constant larval immigration was added as a parameter, peak mortality was consistently found to occur on the fourth day, before a significant reduction in control efficacy linked to a decline in conidial availability within the water column. This suggests that M. brunneum treatments should be applied at a concentration 1 × 107 conidia ml-1 every four days to effectively control mosquito larvae in the field, regardless of the fungal formulation, water volume, or larval density. Understanding fungal-mosquito dynamics is critical in developing appropriate control programs as it helps optimize the fungal control agent's dose and frequency of application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S I Yavasoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydın, Turkiye
| | - J C Bull
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - T M Butt
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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13
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a substantial personal and societal burden worldwide. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and is increasing in prevalence in accordance with a global aging population. In addition to affecting patients' physical lives, chronic pain also adversely affects patients' mental wellbeing. However, there remain no pharmacologic interventions to slow down the progression of OA and pain-alleviating therapies are largely unsuccessful. The presence of low-level inflammation in OA has been recognized for many years as a major pathogenic driver of joint damage. Inflammatory mechanisms can occur locally in joint tissues, such as the synovium, within the sensory nervous system, as well as systemically, caused by modifiable and unmodifiable factors. Understanding how inflammation may contribute to, and modify pain in OA will be instrumental in identifying new druggable targets for analgesic therapies. In this narrative review, we discuss recent insights into inflammatory mechanisms in OA pain. We discuss how local inflammation in the joint can contribute to mechanical sensitization and to the structural neuroplasticity of joint nociceptors, through pro-inflammatory factors such as nerve growth factor, cytokines, and chemokines. We consider the role of synovitis, and the amplifying mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions. We then explore emerging evidence around the role of neuroinflammation in the dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn. Finally, we discuss how systemic inflammation associated with obesity may modify OA pain and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Room 340, 1735 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Room 714, 1735 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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14
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Overby SJ, Cerro-Herreros E, González-Martínez I, Varela MA, Seoane-Miraz D, Jad Y, Raz R, Møller T, Pérez-Alonso M, Wood MJ, Llamusí B, Artero R. Proof of concept of peptide-linked blockmiR-induced MBNL functional rescue in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mouse model. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 27:1146-1155. [PMID: 35282418 PMCID: PMC8888893 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a debilitating neuromuscular disease causing muscle weakness, myotonia, and cardiac dysfunction. The phenotypes are caused by muscleblind-like (MBNL) protein sequestration by toxic RNA in the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. DM1 patients exhibit a pathogenic number of repetitions in DMPK, which leads to downstream symptoms. Another disease characteristic is altered microRNA (miRNA) expression. It was previously shown that miR-23b regulates the translation of MBNL1 into protein. Antisense oligonucleotide (AON) treatment targeting this miRNA can improve disease symptoms. Here, we present a refinement of this strategy targeting a miR-23b binding site on the MBNL1 3' UTR in DM1 model cells and mice by using AONs called blockmiRs. BlockmiRs linked to novel cell-penetrating peptide chemistry showed an increase in MBNL1 protein in DM1 model cells and HSALR mice. They also showed an increase in muscle strength and significant rescue of downstream splicing and histological phenotypes in mice without disturbing the endogenous levels of other miR-23b target transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Overby
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Martínez
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Varela
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Seoane-Miraz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yahya Jad
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Raz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Cooke F, Neal M, Wood MJ, de Vries IJM, Anderson AE, Diboll J, Pratt AG, Stanway J, Nicorescu I, Moyse N, Hiles D, Caulfield D, Dickinson AM, Blamire AM, Thelwall P, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CMU. Fluorine labelling of therapeutic human tolerogenic dendritic cells for 19F-magnetic resonance imaging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988667. [PMID: 36263039 PMCID: PMC9574244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tolDC) therapies aim to restore self-tolerance in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. Phase 1 clinical trials with tolDC have shown the feasibility and safety of this approach, but have also highlighted a lack of understanding of their distribution in vivo. Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI) promises an attractive cell tracking method because it allows for detection of 19F-labelled cells in a non-invasive and longitudinal manner. Here, we tested the suitability of nanoparticles containing 19F (19F-NP) for labelling of therapeutic human tolDC for detection by 19F-MRI. We found that tolDC readily endocytosed 19F-NP with acceptable effects on cell viability and yield. The MRI signal-to-noise ratios obtained are more than sufficient for detection of the administered tolDC dose (10 million cells) at the injection site in vivo, depending on the tissue depth and the rate of cell dispersal. Importantly, 19F-NP labelling did not revert tolDC into immunogenic DC, as confirmed by their low expression of typical mature DC surface markers (CD83, CD86), low secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-12p70, and low capacity to induce IFN-γ in allogeneic CD4+ T cells. In addition, the capacity of tolDC to secrete anti-inflammatory IL-10 was not diminished by 19F-NP labelling. We conclude that 19F-NP is a suitable imaging agent for tolDC. With currently available technologies, this imaging approach does not yet approach the sensitivity required to detect small numbers of migrating cells, but could have important utility for determining the accuracy of injecting tolDC into the desired target tissue and their efflux rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Cooke
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Neal
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Diboll
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James Stanway
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ioana Nicorescu
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Moyse
- Newcastle Advanced Therapies, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Hiles
- Newcastle Advanced Therapies, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Caulfield
- Newcastle Advanced Therapies, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Thelwall
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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16
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Cerro-Herreros E, González-Martínez I, Moreno N, Espinosa-Espinosa J, Fernández-Costa JM, Colom-Rodrigo A, Overby SJ, Seoane-Miraz D, Poyatos-García J, Vilchez JJ, López de Munain A, Varela MA, Wood MJ, Pérez-Alonso M, Llamusí B, Artero R. Preclinical characterization of antagomiR-218 as a potential treatment for myotonic dystrophy. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 26:174-191. [PMID: 34513303 PMCID: PMC8413838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by expansion of unstable CTG repeats in a non-coding region of the DMPK gene. CUG expansions in mutant DMPK transcripts sequester MBNL1 proteins in ribonuclear foci. Depletion of this protein is a primary contributor to disease symptoms such as muscle weakness and atrophy and myotonia, yet upregulation of endogenous MBNL1 levels may compensate for this sequestration. Having previously demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides against miR-218 boost MBNL1 expression and rescue phenotypes in disease models, here we provide preclinical characterization of an antagomiR-218 molecule using the HSALR mouse model and patient-derived myotubes. In HSALR, antagomiR-218 reached 40–60 pM 2 weeks after injection, rescued molecular and functional phenotypes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and showed a good toxicity profile after a single subcutaneous administration. In muscle tissue, antagomiR rescued the normal subcellular distribution of Mbnl1 and did not alter the proportion of myonuclei containing CUG foci. In patient-derived cells, antagomiR-218 improved defective fusion and differentiation and rescued up to 34% of the gene expression alterations found in the transcriptome of patient cells. Importantly, miR-218 was found to be upregulated in DM1 muscle biopsies, pinpointing this microRNA (miRNA) as a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Martínez
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Espinosa-Espinosa
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández-Costa
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Colom-Rodrigo
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah J Overby
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Seoane-Miraz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Poyatos-García
- The IISLAFE Health Research Institute, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7 planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre ERN EURO-NMD and Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Hospital La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- The IISLAFE Health Research Institute, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7 planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre ERN EURO-NMD and Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Hospital La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, P° Dr. Beguiristain s/n, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Donostia-Osakidetza-Departamento de Neurociencias-Universidad del Pais Vasco-CIBERNED
| | - Miguel A Varela
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Tognoli ML, Vlahov N, Steenbeek S, Grawenda AM, Eyres M, Cano‐Rodriguez D, Scrace S, Kartsonaki C, von Kriegsheim A, Willms E, Wood MJ, Rots MG, van Rheenen J, O'Neill E, Pankova D. RASSF1C oncogene elicits amoeboid invasion, cancer stemness, and extracellular vesicle release via a SRC/Rho axis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107680. [PMID: 34532864 PMCID: PMC8521318 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell plasticity is a crucial hallmark leading to cancer metastasis. Upregulation of Rho/ROCK pathway drives actomyosin contractility, protrusive forces, and contributes to the occurrence of highly invasive amoeboid cells in tumors. Cancer stem cells are similarly associated with metastasis, but how these populations arise in tumors is not fully understood. Here, we show that the novel oncogene RASSF1C drives mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition and stem cell attributes in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, RASSF1C activates Rho/ROCK via SRC-mediated RhoGDI inhibition, resulting in generation of actomyosin contractility. Moreover, we demonstrate that RASSF1C-induced amoeboid cells display increased expression of cancer stem-like markers such as CD133, ALDH1, and Nanog, and are accompanied by higher invasive potential in vitro and in vivo. Further, RASSF1C-induced amoeboid cells employ extracellular vesicles to transfer the invasive phenotype to target cells and tissue. Importantly, the underlying RASSF1C-driven biological processes concur to explain clinical data: namely, methylation of the RASSF1C promoter correlates with better survival in early-stage breast cancer patients. Therefore, we propose the use of RASSF1 gene promoter methylation status as a biomarker for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sander Steenbeek
- Molecular PathologyOncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - David Cano‐Rodriguez
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Simon Scrace
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreMRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular MedicineThe University of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | - Marianne G Rots
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Molecular PathologyOncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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18
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Wood MJ, Wilson HMN, Parry SL. Exploring the development and maintenance of therapeutic relationships through e-Health support: A narrative analysis of therapist experiences. Medicine Access @ Point of Care 2021; 5:23992026211018087. [PMID: 36204492 PMCID: PMC9413613 DOI: 10.1177/23992026211018087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Amid COVID-19 disruptions, e-therapy has become even more essential and has rapidly expanded across statutory, private and third sectors to meet growing demands for digital mental health support. A challenge in digital therapeutic care is how to develop and maintain a supportive, collaborative therapeutic relationship, built upon mutual trust and respect; intrinsic values of relationships that are often implied through complex non-verbal cues. Online practitioners are eager to learn how to adapt to online delivery, although platform-specific training is limited. The aim of the current study was to focus upon the therapist experience of online therapeutic relationships with young people, exploring a range of factors through their perspectives, including the impact of anonymity. Methods: Eight e-therapy practitioners were recruited from Kooth, an online mental health service. Narrative interviews undertaken via Skype facilitated reflective conversational one-to-one discussions, based upon the practitioners’ individual experiences, led by the interviewee. Following transcription and anonymisation, a narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences, perspectives and reflections. Results: Four analytic layers arose from the narratives, which explored the challenging learning experience of translating existing therapeutic skills to online working, rapidly building therapeutic relationships, managing risk in the online therapeutic relationship, and techniques for maintaining a digital therapeutic relationship. Conclusion: The study provides novel insights into the flexibility and adjustments therapists can make to improve online interventions and delivery through the development and maintenance of positive therapeutic relationships. Recommendations are also made in relation to platform-specific training, communicative adaptations, risk management and practitioner support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah L Parry
- DClinPsy, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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19
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Feneberg E, Gordon D, Thompson AG, Finelli MJ, Dafinca R, Candalija A, Charles PD, Mäger I, Wood MJ, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Gray E, Turner MR, Talbot K. An ALS-linked mutation in TDP-43 disrupts normal protein interactions in the motor neuron response to oxidative stress. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105050. [PMID: 32800996 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 pathology is a key feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the mechanisms linking TDP-43 to altered cellular function and neurodegeneration remain unclear. We have recently described a mouse model in which human wild-type or mutant TDP-43 are expressed at low levels and where altered stress granule formation is a robust phenotype of TDP-43M337V/- expressing cells. In the present study we use this model to investigate the functional connectivity of human TDP-43 in primary motor neurons under resting conditions and in response to oxidative stress. The interactome of human TDP-43WT or TDP-43M337V was compared by mass spectrometry, and gene ontology enrichment analysis identified pathways dysregulated by the M337V mutation. We found that under normal conditions the interactome of human TDP-43WT was enriched for proteins involved in transcription, translation and poly(A)-RNA binding. In response to oxidative stress, TDP-43WT recruits proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomal-extracellular transport pathways, interactions which are reduced in the presence of the M337V mutation. Specifically, TDP-43M337V impaired protein-protein interactions involved in stress granule formation including reduced binding to the translation initiation factors Poly(A)-binding protein and Eif4a1 and the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Grp78. The M337V mutation also affected interactions involved in endosomal-extracellular transport and this this was associated with reduced extracellular vesicle secretion in primary motor neurons from TDP-43M337V/- mice and in human iPSCs-derived motor neurons. Taken together, our analysis highlights a TDP-43 interaction network in motor neurons and demonstrates that an ALS associated mutation may alter the interactome to drive aberrant pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Feneberg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - David Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Mattéa J Finelli
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Candalija
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Charles
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Lead Contact.
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20
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Spiering R, Jansen MAA, Wood MJ, Fath AA, Eltherington O, Anderson AE, Pratt AG, van Eden W, Isaacs JD, Broere F, Hilkens CMU. Targeting of tolerogenic dendritic cells to heat-shock proteins in inflammatory arthritis. J Transl Med 2019; 17:375. [PMID: 31727095 PMCID: PMC6857208 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) are a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory arthritis (IA) as they can regulate autoantigen-specific T cell responses. Here, we investigated two outstanding priorities for clinical development: (i) the suitability of using heat-shock proteins (HSP), abundant in inflamed synovia, as surrogate autoantigens to be presented by tolDC and (ii) identification of functional biomarkers that confirm tolDC regulatory activity. Methods Cell proliferation dye-labelled human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IA (rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)) patients or healthy donors were cultured with HSP40-, HSP60- and HSP70-derived peptides or recall antigens (e.g. tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)) in the presence or absence of tolDC or control DC for 9 days. Functional characteristics of proliferated antigen-specific T-cells were measured using flow cytometry, gene expression profiling and cytokine secretion immunoassays. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction for comparisons between multiple groups and paired Student t test for comparisons between two groups were used to determine significance. Results All groups showed robust CD4+ T-cell responses towards one or more HSP-derived peptide(s) as assessed by a stimulation index > 2 (healthy donors: 78%, RA: 73%, PsA: 90%) and production of the cytokines IFNγ, IL-17A and GM-CSF. Addition of tolDC but not control DC induced a type 1 regulatory (Tr1) phenotype in the antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell population, as identified by high expression of LAG3, CD49b and secretion of IL-10. Furthermore, tolDC inhibited bystander natural killer (NK) cell activation in a TGFβ dependent manner. Conclusions HSP-specific CD4+ T-cells are detectable in the majority of RA and PsA patients and can be converted into Tr1 cells by tolDC. HSP-loaded tolDC may therefore be suitable for directing T regulatory responses to antigens in inflamed synovia of IA patients. Tr1 markers LAG3, CD49b and IL-10 are suitable biomarkers for future tolDC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Spiering
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manon A A Jansen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anshorulloh A Fath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver Eltherington
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Willem van Eden
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Femke Broere
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, (Formerly: Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE)), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,NIHR-Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long-Term Conditions, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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21
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Betts CA, McClorey G, Healicon R, Hammond SM, Manzano R, Muses S, Ball V, Godfrey C, Merritt TM, van Westering T, O'Donovan L, Wells KE, Gait MJ, Wells DJ, Tyler D, Wood MJ. Cmah-dystrophin deficient mdx mice display an accelerated cardiac phenotype that is improved following peptide-PMO exon skipping treatment. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:396-406. [PMID: 30281092 PMCID: PMC6337703 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin protein, leading to progressive muscle weakness and premature death due to respiratory and/or cardiac complications. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased fractional shortening and metabolic dysfunction involving reduced metabolism of fatty acids-the major cardiac metabolic substrate. Several mouse models have been developed to study molecular and pathological consequences of dystrophin deficiency, but do not recapitulate all aspects of human disease pathology and exhibit a mild cardiac phenotype. Here we demonstrate that Cmah (cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid hydroxylase)-deficient mdx mice (Cmah-/-;mdx) have an accelerated cardiac phenotype compared to the established mdx model. Cmah-/-;mdx mice display earlier functional deterioration, specifically a reduction in right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV) at 12 weeks of age and decreased left ventricle diastolic volume with subsequent reduced SV compared to mdx mice by 24 weeks. They further show earlier elevation of cardiac damage markers for fibrosis (Ctgf), oxidative damage (Nox4) and haemodynamic load (Nppa). Cardiac metabolic substrate requirement was assessed using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicating increased in vivo glycolytic flux in Cmah-/-;mdx mice. Early upregulation of mitochondrial genes (Ucp3 and Cpt1) and downregulation of key glycolytic genes (Pdk1, Pdk4, Ppara), also denote disturbed cardiac metabolism and shift towards glucose utilization in Cmah-/-;mdx mice. Moreover, we show long-term treatment with peptide-conjugated exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides (20-week regimen), resulted in 20% cardiac dystrophin protein restoration and significantly improved RV cardiac function. Therefore, Cmah-/-;mdx mice represent an appropriate model for evaluating cardiac benefit of novel DMD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Betts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Healicon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzan M Hammond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Sofia Muses
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Godfrey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Merritt
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Tirsa van Westering
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Liz O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim E Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic J Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Damian Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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22
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Guiraud S, Edwards B, Babbs A, Squire SE, Berg A, Moir L, Wood MJ, Davies KE. The potential of utrophin and dystrophin combination therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2189-2200. [PMID: 30990876 PMCID: PMC6586144 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of dystrophin. Several therapeutic modalities are currently in clinical trials but none will achieve maximum functional rescue and full disease correction. Therefore, we explored the potential of combining the benefits of dystrophin with increases of utrophin, an autosomal paralogue of dystrophin. Utrophin and dystrophin can be co-expressed and co-localized at the same muscle membrane. Wild-type (wt) levels of dystrophin are not significantly affected by a moderate increase of utrophin whereas higher levels of utrophin reduce wt dystrophin, suggesting a finite number of actin binding sites at the sarcolemma. Thus, utrophin upregulation strategies may be applied to the more mildly affected Becker patients with lower dystrophin levels. Whereas increased dystrophin in wt animals does not offer functional improvement, overexpression of utrophin in wt mice results in a significant supra-functional benefit over wt. These findings highlight an additive benefit of the combined therapy and potential new unique roles of utrophin. Finally, we show a 30% restoration of wt dystrophin levels, using exon-skipping, together with increased utrophin levels restores dystrophic muscle function to wt levels offering greater therapeutic benefit than either single approach alone. Thus, this combination therapy results in additive functional benefit and paves the way for potential future combinations of dystrophin- and utrophin-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guiraud
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Edwards
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Arran Babbs
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah E Squire
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Berg
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Moir
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
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23
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Guiraud S, Edwards B, Squire SE, Moir L, Berg A, Babbs A, Ramadan N, Wood MJ, Davies KE. Embryonic myosin is a regeneration marker to monitor utrophin-based therapies for DMD. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:307-319. [PMID: 30304405 PMCID: PMC6322073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by lack of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Constitutive utrophin expression, a structural and functional paralogue of dystrophin, can successfully prevent the dystrophic pathology in the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model. In dystrophic muscles, utrophin is increased as part of the repair process and localized at the sarcolemma of regenerating myofibers. The presence of developmental myosin such as embryonic myosin (MyHC-emb) and neonatal represents a useful marker of muscle regeneration and a meaningful indicator of muscle damage, which correlates with the clinical severity of milder Becker muscular dystrophy and DMD patients. In the present study, we demonstrate that MyHC-emb is a robust marker of regeneration at different ages and in different skeletal muscles. We also evaluate the correlation between utrophin, dystrophin and MyHC-emb in wild-type (wt) and regenerating dystrophic muscles. Restoration of dystrophin significantly reduced MyHC-emb levels. Similarly, overexpression of utrophin in the transgenic mdx-Fiona mice reduced the number of MyHC-emb positive fibers to wt level, prevented the regenerative process and rescued the muscle function. In contrast, the absence of utrophin in the dystrophin-deficient double-knockout mice resulted in a higher MyHC-emb content and in a more severe dystrophic pathophysiology than in mdx mice. These data illustrate the importance of monitoring utrophin and MyHC-emb levels in the preclinical evaluation of therapies and provide translational support for the use of developmental myosin as a disease biomarker in DMD clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guiraud
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Squire
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Moir
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Berg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Arran Babbs
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nesrine Ramadan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kay E Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
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24
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Murphy DE, de Jong OG, Brouwer M, Wood MJ, Lavieu G, Schiffelers RM, Vader P. Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics: natural versus engineered targeting and trafficking. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 30872574 PMCID: PMC6418170 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being recognized as mediators of intercellular signaling via the delivery of effector molecules. Interestingly, certain types of EVs are also capable of inducing therapeutic responses. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of EVs is a topic of intense research, both in the context of drug delivery and regenerative medicine. However, to fully utilize EVs for therapeutic purposes, an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which they function would be highly advantageous. Here, the current state of knowledge regarding the cellular uptake and trafficking of EVs is reviewed, along with a consideration of how these pathways potentially influence the functions of therapeutic EVs. Furthermore, the natural cell-targeting abilities, biodistribution profiles, and pharmacokinetics of exogenously administered EVs, along with the components responsible for these features are discussed. An overview of the potential clinical applications and preclinical examples of their successful use is also provided. Finally, examples of EV modifications that have successfully been employed to improve their therapeutic characteristics receive a particular focus. We suggest that, in addition to investigation of EV cell targeting and routes of uptake, future research into the routes of intracellular trafficking in recipient cells is required to optimally utilize EVs for therapeutic purposes. An increased understanding of how extracellular vesicles (EVs) enter cells and deliver molecules will enable promising new therapies, according to researchers in the Netherlands, UK and France. EVs are liquid-filled sacs secreted by cells that transport proteins, lipids and RNA between cells, and therefore have potential for delivering drugs. Pieter Vader at UMC Utrecht and co-workers review recent research into EVs, focusing on how EVs are distributed around the body, and how they target and enter cells. However, there is little known about EV biology once they are inside cells, and it is likely that many EVs simply degrade without delivering their cargo. Further research in this area could help identify features that improve cargo escape from EVs, thus ensuring that future therapies can be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maarten Brouwer
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Grégory Lavieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Vader
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Wood MJ, Leckenby A, Reynolds G, Spiering R, Pratt AG, Rankin KS, Isaacs JD, Haniffa MA, Milling S, Hilkens CM. Macrophage proliferation distinguishes 2 subgroups of knee osteoarthritis patients. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125325. [PMID: 30674730 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, globally. Despite an emerging role for synovial inflammation in OA pathogenesis, attempts to target inflammation therapeutically have had limited success. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes occurring in the OA synovium is needed to develop novel therapeutics. We investigated macrophage phenotype and gene expression in synovial tissue of OA and inflammatory-arthritis (IA) patients. Compared with IA, OA synovial tissue contained higher but variable proportions of macrophages (P < 0.001). These macrophages exhibited an activated phenotype, expressing folate receptor-2 and CD86, and displayed high phagocytic capacity. RNA sequencing of synovial macrophages revealed 2 OA subgroups. Inflammatory-like OA (iOA) macrophages are closely aligned to IA macrophages and are characterized by a cell proliferation signature. In contrast, classical OA (cOA) macrophages display cartilage remodeling features. Supporting these findings, when compared with cOA, iOA synovial tissue contained higher proportions of macrophages (P < 0.01), expressing higher levels of the proliferation marker Ki67 (P < 0.01). These data provide new insight into the heterogeneity of OA synovial tissue and suggest distinct roles of macrophages in pathogenesis. Our findings could lead to the stratification of OA patients for suitable disease-modifying treatments and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wood
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and
| | - Rachel Spiering
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and
| | - Muzlifah A Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and.,Department of Dermatology, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Milling
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow University, United Kingdom
| | - Catharien Mu Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and
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26
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Blain AM, Greally E, McClorey G, Manzano R, Betts CA, Godfrey C, O’Donovan L, Coursindel T, Gait MJ, Wood MJ, MacGowan GA, Straub VW. Peptide-conjugated phosphodiamidate oligomer-mediated exon skipping has benefits for cardiac function in mdx and Cmah-/-mdx mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198897. [PMID: 29912990 PMCID: PMC6005479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac failure is a major cause of mortality in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Antisense-mediated exon skipping has the ability to correct out-of-frame mutations in DMD to produce truncated but functional dystrophin. Traditional antisense approaches have however been limited by their poor uptake into cardiac muscle. The addition of cell-penetrating peptides to antisense molecules has increased their potency and improved their uptake into all muscles, including the heart. We have investigated the efficacy of the Peptide-conjugated phosphodiamidate morpholino oligomer (P-PMO) Pip6a-PMO, for restoration of cardiac dystrophin and functional rescue in DMD mice- the mdx mouse and the less well characterised Cmah-/-mdx mouse (which carry a human-like mutation in the mouse Cmah gene as well as a mutation in DMD). In our first study male mdx mice were administered Pip6a-PMO, i.v, fortnightly from 12 to 30 weeks of age alongside mock-injected age-matched mdx and C57BL10 controls. Mice received 4 doses of 18 mg/kg followed by 8 doses of 12.5 mg/kg. The cardiac function of the mice was analysed 2 weeks after their final injection by MRI followed by conductance catheter and their muscles were harvested for dystrophin quantification. In the second study, male Cmah-/-mdx mice, received 12.5 mg/kg Pip6a-PMO, i.v fortnightly from 8 to 26 weeks and assessed by MRI at 3 time points (12, 18 and 28 weeks) alongside mock-injected age-matched mdx, C57BL10 and Cmah-/-mdx controls. The mice also underwent MEMRI and conductance catheter at 28 weeks. This allowed us to characterise the cardiac phenotype of Cmah-/-mdx mice as well as assess the effects of P-PMO on cardiac function. Pip6a-PMO treatment resulted in significant restoration of dystrophin in mdx and Cmah-/-mdx mice (37.5% and 51.6%, respectively), which was sufficient to significantly improve cardiac function, ameliorating both right and left ventricular dysfunction. Cmah-/-mdx mice showed an abnormal response to dobutamine stress test and this was completely ameliorated by PIP6a-PMO treatment. These encouraging data suggest that total restoration of dystrophin may not be required to significantly improve cardiac outcome in DMD patients and that it may be realistic to expect functional improvements with modest levels of dystrophin restoration which may be very achievable in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Blain
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Greally
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne A. Betts
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Godfrey
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liz O’Donovan
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thibault Coursindel
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J. Gait
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. MacGowan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Volker W. Straub
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Purpose T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are a sub-population of lymphocytes that act to suppress aberrant immune responses. We investigated changes in the numbers of naïve and terminally differentiated Tregs in the peripheral blood to establish their role in the immuno-suppressive response to prolonged exercise. Methods Blood was drawn from seventeen experienced runners (age 40 ± 12 years; height 1.75 ± 0.08 m; mass 71.4 ± 10.8 kg) before, ~1 h after (POST-1h), and on the day following the marathon (POST-1d). Tregs (CD3+CD4+Foxp3+CD25++CD127−) were analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry. The markers CD45RA and HLA-DR were included to define naïve and terminally differentiated Tregs, respectively. Results The absolute number of Tregs decreased (27%) POST-1h marathon (P < 0.001) but increased (21%) at POST-1d (P < 0.01). Naïve CD45RA+ Tregs fell by 39% POST-1h (P < 0.01) but were unaffected POST-1d (P > 0.05). In contrast, an increased number of Tregs expressing HLA-DR was observed at POST-1d (P < 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in the serum all increased POST-1h (P > 0.05) but returned to pre-exercise levels POST-1d. The suppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta, was unaffected by the marathon (P > 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that Tregs do not play a major role in immune suppression in the early hours of recovery from a marathon. However, terminally differentiated HLA-DR+ Tregs are mobilized the following day, which could represent a compensatory attempt by the host to restore immune homeostasis and limit excessive cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clifford
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip Stocks
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Heusermann W, Hean J, Trojer D, Steib E, von Bueren S, Graff-Meyer A, Genoud C, Martin K, Pizzato N, Voshol J, Morrissey DV, Andaloussi SEL, Wood MJ, Meisner-Kober NC. Exosomes surf on filopodia to enter cells at endocytic hot spots, traffic within endosomes, and are targeted to the ER. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:173-84. [PMID: 27114500 PMCID: PMC5084269 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles released by virtually all cells, which act as intercellular messengers by transfer of protein, lipid, and RNA cargo. Their quantitative efficiency, routes of cell uptake, and subcellular fate within recipient cells remain elusive. We quantitatively characterize exosome cell uptake, which saturates with dose and time and reaches near 100% transduction efficiency at picomolar concentrations. Highly reminiscent of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, exosomes are recruited as single vesicles to the cell body by surfing on filopodia as well as filopodia grabbing and pulling motions to reach endocytic hot spots at the filopodial base. After internalization, exosomes shuttle within endocytic vesicles to scan the endoplasmic reticulum before being sorted into the lysosome as their final intracellular destination. Our data quantify and explain the efficiency of exosome internalization by recipient cells, establish a new parallel between exosome and virus host cell interaction, and suggest unanticipated routes of subcellular cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Heusermann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justin Hean
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, England, UK
| | - Dominic Trojer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Steib
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan von Bueren
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christel Genoud
- Friedrich-Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Pizzato
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Samir E L Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, England, UK Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, England, UK
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Abstract
The accumulation in neurons of aberrant protein species, the pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, results from a global impairment of key cellular processes governing protein synthesis/degradation and repair mechanisms, also known as the proteostasis network (PN). The growing number of connections between dysfunction of this intricate network of pathways and diseases of the motor unit, where both motor neurons and muscle are primarily affected, has provided momentum to investigate the muscle- and motor neuron-specific response to physiological and pathological stressors and to explore the therapeutic opportunities that manipulation of this process may offer. Furthermore, these diseases offer an unparalleled opportunity to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the intertissue communication and transfer of signals of proteostasis. The most compelling aspect of these investigations is their immediate potential for therapeutic impact: targeting muscle to stem degeneration of the motor unit would represent a dramatic paradigm therapeutic shift for treating these devastating diseases. Here we will review the current state of the art of the research on the alterations of the PN in diseases of the motor unit and its potential to result in effective treatments for these devastating neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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30
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Peccate C, Mollard A, Le Hir M, Julien L, McClorey G, Jarmin S, Le Heron A, Dickson G, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Piétri-Rouxel F, Wood MJ, Voit T, Lorain S. Antisense pre-treatment increases gene therapy efficacy in dystrophic muscles. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3555-3563. [PMID: 27378686 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, dystrophin restoration during adeno-associated virus (AAV)-U7-mediated exon-skipping therapy was shown to decrease drastically after six months in treated muscles. This decline in efficacy is strongly correlated with the loss of the therapeutic AAV genomes, probably due to alterations of the dystrophic myofiber membranes. To improve the membrane integrity of the dystrophic myofibers at the time of AAV-U7 injection, mdx muscles were pre-treated with a single dose of the peptide-phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PPMO) antisense oligonucleotides that induced temporary dystrophin expression at the sarcolemma. The PPMO pre-treatment allowed efficient maintenance of AAV genomes in mdx muscles and enhanced the AAV-U7 therapy effect with a ten-fold increase of the protein level after 6 months. PPMO pre-treatment was also beneficial to AAV-mediated gene therapy with transfer of micro-dystrophin cDNA into muscles. Therefore, avoiding vector genome loss after AAV injection by PPMO pre-treatment would allow efficient long-term restoration of dystrophin and the use of lower and thus safer vector doses for Duchenne patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
| | - Amédée Mollard
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
| | - Maëva Le Hir
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN CSM, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Laura Julien
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Susan Jarmin
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Anita Le Heron
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
| | - France Piétri-Rouxel
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas Voit
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 105 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 13, France
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Straub V, Balabanov P, Bushby K, Ensini M, Goemans N, De Luca A, Pereda A, Hemmings R, Campion G, Kaye E, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Goyenvalle A, Niks E, Veldhuizen O, Furlong P, Stoyanova-Beninska V, Wood MJ, Johnson A, Mercuri E, Muntoni F, Sepodes B, Haas M, Vroom E, Aartsma-Rus A. Stakeholder cooperation to overcome challenges in orphan medicine development: the example of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:882-890. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Thompson AG, Gray E, Heman-Ackah SM, Mäger I, Talbot K, Andaloussi SE, Wood MJ, Turner MR. Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disease - pathogenesis to biomarkers. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:346-57. [PMID: 27174238 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, reliable markers of diagnosis, disease activity and progression are a research priority. The fact that neurodegenerative pathology is primarily associated with distinct subsets of cells in discrete areas of the CNS makes the identification of relevant biomarker molecules a challenge. The trafficking of macromolecules from the CNS to the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), presents a promising source of CNS-specific biomarkers. EVs are released by almost all cell types and carry a cargo of protein and nucleic acid that varies according to the cell of origin. EV output changes with cell status and reflects intracellular events, so surface marker expression can be used to identify the cell type from which EVs originate. EVs could, therefore, provide an enriched pool of information about core neuropathogenic, cell-specific processes. This Review examines the current knowledge of the biology and function of EVs, discusses the evidence for their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and considers their potential as biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sabrina M Heman-Ackah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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33
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Baranyai T, Herczeg K, Onódi Z, Voszka I, Módos K, Marton N, Nagy G, Mäger I, Wood MJ, El Andaloussi S, Pálinkás Z, Kumar V, Nagy P, Kittel Á, Buzás EI, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Isolation of Exosomes from Blood Plasma: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography Methods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145686. [PMID: 26690353 PMCID: PMC4686892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are emerging targets for biomedical research. However, suitable methods for the isolation of blood plasma-derived exosomes without impurities have not yet been described. Aim Therefore, we investigated the efficiency and purity of exosomes isolated with potentially suitable methods; differential ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Methods and Results Exosomes were isolated from rat and human blood plasma by various UC and SEC conditions. Efficiency was investigated at serial UC of the supernatant, while in case of SEC by comparing the content of exosomal markers of various fractions. Purity was assessed based on the presence of albumin. We found that the diameter of the majority of isolated particles fell into the size range of exosomes, however, albumin was also present in the preparations, when 1h UC at 4°C was applied. Furthermore, with this method only a minor fraction of total exosomes could be isolated from blood as deduced from the constant amount of exosomal markers CD63 and TSG101 detected after serial UC of rat blood plasma samples. By using UC for longer time or with shorter sedimentation distance at 4°C, or UC performed at 37°C, exosomal yield increased, but albumin impurity was still observed in the isolates, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and immunoblotting against CD63, TSG101 and albumin. Efficiency and purity were not different in case of using further diluted samples. By using SEC with different columns, we have found that although a minor fraction of exosomes can be isolated without significant albumin content on Sepharose CL-4B or Sephacryl S-400 columns, but not on Sepharose 2B columns, the majority of exosomes co-eluted with albumin. Conclusion Here we show that it is feasible to isolate exosomes from blood plasma by SEC without significant albumin contamination albeit with low vesicle yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Herczeg
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Voszka
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Módos
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Pálinkás
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS, Bangalore, India
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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McClorey G, Wood MJ. An overview of the clinical application of antisense oligonucleotides for RNA-targeting therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 24:52-8. [PMID: 26277332 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the discovery more than two decades ago that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) could be used to modulate protein expression, there have been only two antisense drugs approved for clinical use till date. Despite this low success rate, the antisense field is undergoing resurgence due to the development of more potent and nuclease resistant chemistries, as well as nanoparticle delivery systems that enhance delivery to target tissues. In this review, we introduce the predominant therapeutic strategies in the antisense field whilst highlighting recent clinical findings that demonstrate the significant potential of these approaches for development of novel therapies in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX Oxford, UK.
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Godfrey C, Muses S, McClorey G, Wells KE, Coursindel T, Terry RL, Betts C, Hammond S, O'Donovan L, Hildyard J, El Andaloussi S, Gait MJ, Wood MJ, Wells DJ. How much dystrophin is enough: the physiological consequences of different levels of dystrophin in the mdx mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4225-37. [PMID: 25935000 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Splice modulation therapy has shown great clinical promise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, resulting in the production of dystrophin protein. Despite this, the relationship between restoring dystrophin to established dystrophic muscle and its ability to induce clinically relevant changes in muscle function is poorly understood. In order to robustly evaluate functional improvement, we used in situ protocols in the mdx mouse to measure muscle strength and resistance to eccentric contraction-induced damage. Here, we modelled the treatment of muscle with pre-existing dystrophic pathology using antisense oligonucleotides conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. We reveal that 15% homogeneous dystrophin expression is sufficient to protect against eccentric contraction-induced injury. In addition, we demonstrate a >40% increase in specific isometric force following repeated administrations. Strikingly, we show that changes in muscle strength are proportional to dystrophin expression levels. These data define the dystrophin restoration levels required to slow down or prevent disease progression and improve overall muscle function once a dystrophic environment has been established in the mdx mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Godfrey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Sofia Muses
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Kim E Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Thibault Coursindel
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK, GENEPEP SA, Les Coteaux St Roch, 12 Rue du Fer à Cheval, 34430 St Jean de Védas, France and
| | - Rebecca L Terry
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Corinne Betts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Suzan Hammond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Liz O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John Hildyard
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsov. 7, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Dominic J Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK,
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Reynolds G, Gibbon JR, Pratt AG, Wood MJ, Coady D, Raftery G, Lorenzi AR, Gray A, Filer A, Buckley CD, Haniffa MA, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CMU. Synovial CD4+ T-cell-derived GM-CSF supports the differentiation of an inflammatory dendritic cell population in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:899-907. [PMID: 25923217 PMCID: PMC4853576 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A population of synovial inflammatory dendritic cells (infDCs) has recently been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is thought to be monocyte-derived. Here, we investigated the role and source of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the differentiation of synovial infDC in RA. METHODS Production of GM-CSF by peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) CD4+ T cells was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. In vitro CD4+ T-cell polarisation experiments were performed with T-cell activating CD2/CD3/CD28-coated beads in the absence or presence of pro-Th1 or pro-Th17 cytokines. CD1c+ DC and CD16+ macrophage subsets were flow-sorted and analysed morphologically and functionally (T-cell stimulatory/polarising capacity). RESULTS RA-SF CD4+ T cells produced abundant GM-CSF upon stimulation and significantly more than RA-SF mononuclear cells depleted of CD4+ T cells. GM-CSF-producing T cells were significantly increased in RA-SF compared with non-RA inflammatory arthritis SF, active RA PB and healthy donor PB. GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells were expanded by Th1-promoting but not Th17-promoting conditions. Following coculture with RA-SF CD4+ T cells, but not healthy donor PB CD4+ T cells, a subpopulation of monocytes differentiated into CD1c+ infDC; a process dependent on GM-CSF. These infDC displayed potent alloproliferative capacity and enhanced GM-CSF, interleukin-17 and interferon-γ production by CD4+ T cells. InfDC with an identical phenotype to in vitro generated cells were significantly enriched in RA-SF compared with non-RA-SF/tissue/PB. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a therapeutically tractable feedback loop of GM-CSF secreted by RA synovial CD4+ T cells promoting the differentiation of infDC with potent capacity to induce GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - J R Gibbon
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A G Pratt
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M J Wood
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - D Coady
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - G Raftery
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - A R Lorenzi
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A Gray
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A Filer
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C D Buckley
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A Haniffa
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - J D Isaacs
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - C M U Hilkens
- Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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Cooper JM, Wiklander PBO, Nordin JZ, Al-Shawi R, Wood MJ, Vithlani M, Schapira AHV, Simons JP, El-Andaloussi S, Alvarez-Erviti L. Systemic exosomal siRNA delivery reduced alpha-synuclein aggregates in brains of transgenic mice. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1476-85. [PMID: 25112864 PMCID: PMC4204174 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates are the main component of Lewy bodies, which are the characteristic pathological feature in Parkinson's disease (PD) brain. Evidence that α-Syn aggregation can be propagated between neurones has led to the suggestion that this mechanism is responsible for the stepwise progression of PD pathology. Decreasing α-Syn expression is predicted to attenuate this process and is thus an attractive approach to delay or halt PD progression. We have used α-Syn small interfering RNA (siRNA) to reduce total and aggregated α-Syn levels in mouse brains. To achieve widespread delivery of siRNAs to the brain we have peripherally injected modified exosomes expressing Ravies virus glycoprotein loaded with siRNA. Normal mice were analyzed 3 or 7 days after injection. To evaluate whether this approach can decrease α-Syn aggregates, we repeated the treatment using transgenic mice expressing the human phosphorylation-mimic S129D α-Syn, which exhibits aggregation. In normal mice we detected significantly reduced α-Syn messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels throughout the brain 3 and 7 days after treatment with RVG-exosomes loaded with siRNA to α-Syn. In S129D α-Syn transgenic mice we found a decreased α-Syn mRNA and protein levels throughout the brain 7 days after injection. This resulted in significant reductions in intraneuronal protein aggregates, including in dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of RVG-exosome delivery of siRNA to delay and reverse brain α-Syn pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Cooper
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hellgren O, Wood MJ, Waldenström J, Hasselquist D, Ottosson U, Stervander M, Bensch S. Circannual variation in blood parasitism in a sub-Saharan migrant passerine bird, the garden warbler. J Evol Biol 2014; 26:1047-59. [PMID: 23621369 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the natural dynamics of pathogens in migratory birds is important, for example, to understand the factors that influence the transport of pathogens to and their transmission in new geographical areas, whereas the transmission of other pathogens might be restricted to a specific area. We studied haemosporidian blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon in a migratory bird, the garden warbler Sylvia borin. Birds were sampled in spring, summer and early autumn at breeding grounds in Sweden, on migration at Capri, Italy and on arrival and departure from wintering staging areas in West Africa: mapping recoveries of garden warblers ringed in Fennoscandia and Capri showed that these sites are most probably on the migratory flyway of garden warblers breeding at Kvismaren. Overall, haemosporidian prevalence was 39%, involving 24 different parasite lineages. Prevalence varied significantly over the migratory cycle, with relatively high prevalence of blood parasites in the population on breeding grounds and at the onset of autumn migration, followed by marked declines in prevalence during migration both on spring and autumn passage. Importantly, we found that when examining circannual variation in the different lineages, significantly different prevalence profiles emerged both between and within genera. Our results suggest that differences in prevalence profiles are the result of either different parasite transmission strategies or coevolution between the host and the various parasite lineages. When separating parasites into common vs. rare lineages, we found that two peaks in the prevalence of rare parasites occur; on arrival at Swedish breeding grounds, and after the wintering period in Africa. Our results stress the importance of appropriate taxonomic resolution when examining host-parasite interactions, as variation in prevalence both between and within parasite genera can show markedly different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hellgren
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Knowles SCL, Wood MJ, Alves R, Sheldon BC. Dispersal in a patchy landscape reveals contrasting determinants of infection in a wild avian malaria system. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:429-39. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. L. Knowles
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Imperial College London; St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place London W2 1PG UK
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
- Department of Natural and Social Sciences; University of Gloucestershire; Francis Close Hall Cheltenham GL50 4AZ UK
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Ben C. Sheldon
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
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Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating progressive disease for which there is currently no effective treatment except palliative therapy. There are several promising genetic approaches, including viral delivery of the missing dystrophin gene, read-through of translation stop codons, exon skipping to restore the reading frame and increased expression of the compensatory utrophin gene. The lessons learned from these approaches will be applicable to many other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Fairclough
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene, affecting 1 in 3500 newborn males. Complete loss of muscle dystrophin protein causes progressive muscle weakness and heart and respiratory failure, leading to premature death. Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) that bind to complementary sequences of the dystrophin pre-mRNA to induce skipping of the targeted exon by modulating pre-mRNA splicing are promising therapeutic agents for DMD. Such AONs can restore the open reading frame of the DMD gene and produce internally deleted, yet partially functional dystrophin protein isoforms in skeletal muscle. Within the last few years, clinical trials using AONs have made considerable progress demonstrating the restoration of functional dystrophin protein and acceptable safety profiles following both local and systemic delivery in DMD patients. However, improvement of AON delivery and efficacy, along with the development of multiple AONs to treat as many DMD patients as possible needs to be addressed for this approach to fulfill its potential. Here, we review the recent progress made in clinical trials using AONs to treat DMD and discuss the current challenges to the development of AON-based therapy for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Koo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kim SG, Chung JS, Sutton RB, Lee JS, López-Maury L, Lee SY, Florencio FJ, Lin T, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Wood MJ, Nayak K, Madem V, Tripathy JN, Kim SK, Knaff DB. Redox, mutagenic and structural studies of the glutaredoxin/arsenate reductase couple from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1824:392-403. [PMID: 22155275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The arsenate reductase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been characterized in terms of the redox properties of its cysteine residues and their role in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Of the five cysteines present in the enzyme, two (Cys13 and Cys35) have been shown not to be required for catalysis, while Cys8, Cys80 and Cys82 have been shown to be essential. The as-isolated enzyme contains a single disulfide, formed between Cys80 and Cys82, with an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (E(m)) value of -165mV at pH 7.0. It has been shown that Cys15 is the only one of the four cysteines present in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 glutaredoxin A required for its ability to serve as an electron donor to arsenate reductase, while the other three cysteines (Cys18, Cys36 and Cys70) play no role. Glutaredoxin A has been shown to contain a single redox-active disulfide/dithiol couple, with a two-electron, E(m) value of -220mV at pH 7.0. One cysteine in this disulfide/dithiol couple has been shown to undergo glutathionylation. An X-ray crystal structure, at 1.8Å resolution, has been obtained for glutaredoxin A. The probable orientations of arsenate reductase disulfide bonds present in the resting enzyme and in a likely reaction intermediate of the enzyme have been examined by in silico modeling, as has the surface environment of arsenate reductase in the vicinity of Cys8, the likely site for the initial reaction between arsenate and the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA
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Kim SG, Chung JS, Sutton RB, Lee JS, López-Maury L, Lee SY, Florencio FJ, Lin T, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Wood MJ, Nayak K, Madem V, Tripathy JN, Kim SK, Knaff DB. Redox, mutagenic and structural studies of the glutaredoxin/arsenate reductase couple from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1824:392-403. [PMID: 22155275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The arsenate reductase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been characterized in terms of the redox properties of its cysteine residues and their role in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Of the five cysteines present in the enzyme, two (Cys13 and Cys35) have been shown not to be required for catalysis, while Cys8, Cys80 and Cys82 have been shown to be essential. The as-isolated enzyme contains a single disulfide, formed between Cys80 and Cys82, with an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (E(m)) value of -165mV at pH 7.0. It has been shown that Cys15 is the only one of the four cysteines present in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 glutaredoxin A required for its ability to serve as an electron donor to arsenate reductase, while the other three cysteines (Cys18, Cys36 and Cys70) play no role. Glutaredoxin A has been shown to contain a single redox-active disulfide/dithiol couple, with a two-electron, E(m) value of -220mV at pH 7.0. One cysteine in this disulfide/dithiol couple has been shown to undergo glutathionylation. An X-ray crystal structure, at 1.8Å resolution, has been obtained for glutaredoxin A. The probable orientations of arsenate reductase disulfide bonds present in the resting enzyme and in a likely reaction intermediate of the enzyme have been examined by in silico modeling, as has the surface environment of arsenate reductase in the vicinity of Cys8, the likely site for the initial reaction between arsenate and the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA
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Lachish S, Knowles SCL, Alves R, Wood MJ, Sheldon BC. Infection dynamics of endemic malaria in a wild bird population: parasite species-dependent drivers of spatial and temporal variation in transmission rates. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:1207-16. [PMID: 21848864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Investigating the ecological context in which host-parasite interactions occur and the roles of biotic and abiotic factors in forcing infection dynamics is essential to understanding disease transmission, spread and maintenance. 2. Despite their prominence as model host-pathogen systems, the relative influence of environmental heterogeneity and host characteristics in influencing the infection dynamics of avian blood parasites has rarely been assessed in the wild, particularly at a within-population scale. 3. We used a novel multievent modelling framework (an extension of multistate mark-recapture modelling) that allows for uncertainty in disease state, to estimate transmission parameters and assess variation in the infection dynamics of avian malaria in a large, longitudinally sampled data set of breeding blue tits infected with two divergent species of Plasmodium parasites. 4. We found striking temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the disease incidence rate and the likelihood of recovery within this single population and demonstrate marked differences in the relative influence of environmental and host factors in forcing the infection dynamics of the two Plasmodium species. 5. Proximity to a permanent water source greatly influenced the transmission rates of P. circumflexum, but not of P. relictum, suggesting that these parasites are transmitted by different vectors. 6. Host characteristics (age/sex) were found to influence infection rates but not recovery rates, and their influence on infection rates was also dependent on parasite species: P. relictum infection rates varied with host age, whilst P. circumflexum infection rates varied with host sex. 7. Our analyses reveal that transmission of endemic avian malaria is a result of complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that can operate on small spatial scales and demonstrate that knowledge of the drivers of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in disease transmission will be crucial for developing accurate epidemiological models and a thorough understanding of the evolutionary implications of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Lachish
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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Wood MJ, Mollison J, Harrild K, Ferguson E, McKay T, Srikantharajah A, Bell L, Bhattacharya S. A pragmatic RCT of conventional versus increased concentration sucrose in freezing and thawing solutions for human embryos. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1987-96. [PMID: 21586432 PMCID: PMC3137387 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intact frozen-thawed embryos have a greater potential than damaged embryos to establish successful pregnancies. This study aimed to determine whether elevated concentrations of sucrose during freezing would increase the proportion of patients with ≥ 50% of embryos intact after thawing (primary outcome), and improve clinical outcome. METHODS In a two arm, parallel group, pragmatic trial, IVF/ICSI couples were randomized prospectively to have their supernumerary embryos frozen in a medium containing 0.1 M sucrose (control; n = 99) or 0.3 M sucrose (intervention; n = 102). RESULTS More control (74/99) than intervention (63/102) couples had at least one embryo thawed (P = 0.07). Significantly more (P = 0.005) intervention (53/63) than control (45/74) couples had ≥ 50% of embryos intact. Freezing in a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose increased by 3.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) (1.45, 7.82)] the likelihood of a couple having ≥ 50% of their embryos intact. In the fresh cycle, live birth rate per transfer was similar in the control (35/95) and intervention (36/93) groups (P = 0.91). More control (19/63) than intervention (9/59) couples had a live birth after frozen embryo transfer (P = 0.08). When fresh and frozen cycles were combined, fewer intervention (n = 102) than control (n = 99) couples had at least one live birth (42 versus 53%). The difference in cumulative live birth rate was not significant [hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% CI (0.49, 1.13); P = 0.17]. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the concentration of sucrose in the freezing medium improves embryo survival, but this is not reflected by increased cumulative birth rates. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN93314892.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wood
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Szöllosi E, Cichoń M, Eens M, Hasselquist D, Kempenaers B, Merino S, Nilsson JÅ, Rosivall B, Rytkönen S, Török J, Wood MJ, Garamszegi LZ. Determinants of distribution and prevalence of avian malaria in blue tit populations across Europe: separating host and parasite effects. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2014-24. [PMID: 21726328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although avian malarial parasites are globally distributed, the factors that affect the geographical distribution and local prevalence of different parasite lineages across host populations or species are still poorly understood. Based on the intense screening of avian malarial parasites in nine European blue tit populations, we studied whether distribution ranges as well as local adaptation, host specialization and phylogenetic relationships can determine the observed prevalences within populations. We found that prevalence differed consistently between parasite lineages and host populations, indicating that the transmission success of parasites is lineage specific but is partly shaped by locality-specific effects. We also found that the lineage-specific estimate of prevalence was related to the distribution range of parasites: lineages found in more host populations were generally more prevalent within these populations. Additionally, parasites with high prevalence that were also widely distributed among blue tit populations were also found to infect more host species. These findings suggest that parasites reaching high local prevalence can also realize wide distribution at a global scale that can have further consequences for host specialization. Although phylogenetic relationships among parasites did not predict prevalence, we detected a close match between a tree based on the geographic distance of the host populations and the parasite phylogenetic tree, implying that neighbouring host populations shared a related parasite fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Szöllosi
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Takanishi CL, Wood MJ. A genetically encoded probe for the identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in response to H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2715-24. [PMID: 21476607 DOI: 10.1021/pr1009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, play important roles in cellular signaling and initiation of oxidative stress responses via thiol modifications. Identification of the targets of these modifications will provide a better understanding of the relationship between ROS and human diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Sulfenic acid is the principle product of a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and a reactive protein cysteine. This reversible post-translational modification plays an important role in enzyme active sites, signaling transduction via disulfide bond formation, as well as an intermediate to overoxidation products during oxidative stress. By re-engineering the C-terminal cysteine rich domain (cCRD) of the Yap1 transcription factor, we were able to create a genetically encoded probe for the general detection and identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in vivo. The Yap1-cCRD probe has been used previously in the identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in Escherichia coli. Here we demonstrate the successful use of the Yap1-cCRD probe in the identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in response to hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Takanishi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Lachish S, Knowles SCL, Alves R, Wood MJ, Sheldon BC. Fitness effects of endemic malaria infections in a wild bird population: the importance of ecological structure. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:1196-206. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Knowles SCL, Wood MJ, Alves R, Wilkin TA, Bensch S, Sheldon BC. Molecular epidemiology of malaria prevalence and parasitaemia in a wild bird population. Mol Ecol 2010; 20:1062-76. [PMID: 21073677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) and other blood parasitic infections of birds constitute increasingly popular model systems in ecological and evolutionary host-parasite studies. Field studies of these parasites commonly use two traits in hypothesis testing: infection status (or prevalence at the population level) and parasitaemia, yet the causes of variation in these traits remain poorly understood. Here, we use quantitative PCR to investigate fine-scale environmental and host predictors of malaria infection status and parasitaemia in a large 4-year data set from a well-characterized population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We also examine the temporal dynamics of both traits within individuals. Both infection status and parasitaemia showed marked temporal and spatial variation within this population. However, spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence and parasitaemia were non-parallel, suggesting that different biological processes underpin variation in these two traits at this scale. Infection probability and parasitaemia both increased with host age, and parasitaemia was higher in individuals investing more in reproduction (those with larger clutch sizes). Several local environmental characteristics predicted parasitaemia, including food availability, altitude, and distance from the woodland edge. Although infection status and parasitaemia were somewhat repeatable within individuals, infections were clearly dynamic: patent infections frequently disappeared from the bloodstream, with up to 26% being lost between years, and parasitaemia also fluctuated within individuals across years in a pattern that mirrored annual population-level changes. Overall, these findings highlight the ecological complexity of avian malaria infections in natural populations, while providing valuable insight into the fundamental biology of this system that will increase its utility as a model host-parasite system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C L Knowles
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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Bolstad HM, Wood MJ. An in vivo method for characterization of protein interactions within sulfur trafficking systems of E. coli. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6740-51. [PMID: 20936830 DOI: 10.1021/pr100920r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur trafficking systems are multiprotein systems that synthesize sulfur-containing cofactors such as iron-sulfur clusters. The sulfur is derived enzymatically from cysteine and transferred between nucleophilic cysteine residues within proteins until incorporation into the relevant cofactor. As these systems are poorly understood, we have developed an in vivo method for characterizing these interactions and have applied our method to the SUF system of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis under oxidative stress and iron limitation. Proteins that interact covalently with SufE were trapped in vivo, purified, and identified by mass spectrometry. We identified SufE-SufS and SufE-SufB interactions, interactions previously demonstrated in vitro, indicating that our method has the ability to identify physiologically relevant interactions. The sulfur acceptor function of SufE is likely due to the low pK(a) of its active site C51, which we determined to be 6.3 ± 0.7. We found that SufE interacts with several Fe-S cluster proteins, further supporting the validity of the method, and with tryptophanase, glutaredoxin-3, and glutaredoxin-4, possibly suggesting a role for these enzymes in iron-sulfur biogenesis by the SUF system. Our results indicate that this method could serve as a general tool for the determination of sulfur trafficking mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Bolstad
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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