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Cox SL, Nicklisch N, Francken M, Wahl J, Meller H, Haak W, Alt KW, Rosenstock E, Mathieson I. Socio-cultural practices may have affected sex differences in stature in Early Neolithic Europe. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:243-255. [PMID: 38081999 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The rules and structure of human culture impact health as much as genetics or environment. To study these relationships, we combine ancient DNA (n = 230), skeletal metrics (n = 391), palaeopathology (n = 606) and dietary stable isotopes (n = 873) to analyse stature variation in Early Neolithic Europeans from North Central, South Central, Balkan and Mediterranean regions. In North Central Europe, stable isotopes and linear enamel hypoplasias indicate high environmental stress across sexes, but female stature is low, despite polygenic scores identical to males, and suggests that cultural factors preferentially supported male recovery from stress. In Mediterranean populations, sexual dimorphism is reduced, indicating male vulnerability to stress and no strong cultural preference for males. Our analysis indicates that biological effects of sex-specific inequities can be linked to cultural influences at least as early as 7,000 yr ago, and culture, more than environment or genetics, drove height disparities in Early Neolithic Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Cox
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Physical Anthropology Section, Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nicole Nicklisch
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria
| | - Michael Francken
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Paleoanthropology Section, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt, State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria
| | - Eva Rosenstock
- Bonn Center for ArchaeoSciences, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Bonczarowska JH, Susat J, Mühlemann B, Jasch-Boley I, Brather S, Höke B, Brather-Walter S, Schoenenberg V, Scheschkewitz J, Graenert G, Krausse D, Francken M, Jones TC, Wahl J, Nebel A, Krause-Kyora B. Pathogen genomics study of an early medieval community in Germany reveals extensive co-infections. Genome Biol 2022; 23:250. [PMID: 36510283 PMCID: PMC9746117 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogen landscape in the Early European Middle Ages remains largely unexplored. Here, we perform a systematic pathogen screening of the rural community Lauchheim "Mittelhofen," in present-day Germany, dated to the Merovingian period, between fifth and eighth century CE. Skeletal remains of individuals were subjected to an ancient DNA metagenomic analysis. Genomes of the detected pathogens were reconstructed and analyzed phylogenetically. RESULTS Over 30% of the individuals exhibit molecular signs of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), parvovirus B19, variola virus (VARV), and Mycobacterium leprae. Seven double and one triple infection were detected. We reconstructed four HBV genomes and one genome each of B19, VARV, and M. leprae. All HBV genomes are of genotype D4 which is rare in Europe today. The VARV strain exhibits a unique pattern of gene loss indicating that viruses with different gene compositions were circulating in the Early Middle Ages. The M. leprae strain clustered in branch 3 together with the oldest to-date genome from the UK. CONCLUSIONS The high burden of infectious disease, together with osteological markers of physiological stress, reflect a poor health status of the community. This could have been an indirect result of the climate decline in Europe at the time, caused by the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA). Our findings suggest that LALIA may have created an ecological context in which persistent outbreaks set the stage for major epidemics of severe diseases such as leprosy and smallpox hundreds of years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H. Bonczarowska
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian Susat
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Jasch-Boley
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology Working Group, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brather
- grid.5963.9Institute of Archaeology, Freiburg University, Belfortstraße 22, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Höke
- grid.461756.70000 0001 2323 9995Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Berliner Straße 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brather-Walter
- grid.5963.9Institute of Archaeology, Freiburg University, Belfortstraße 22, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Scheschkewitz
- grid.461756.70000 0001 2323 9995Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Berliner Straße 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Graenert
- grid.461756.70000 0001 2323 9995Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Berliner Straße 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Krausse
- grid.461756.70000 0001 2323 9995Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Berliner Straße 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Michael Francken
- grid.461756.70000 0001 2323 9995Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Terry C. Jones
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Joachim Wahl
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology Working Group, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Buckley S, Power RC, Andreadaki-Vlazaki M, Akar M, Becher J, Belser M, Cafisso S, Eisenmann S, Fletcher J, Francken M, Hallager B, Harvati K, Ingman T, Kataki E, Maran J, Martin MAS, McGeorge PJP, Milevski I, Papadimitriou A, Protopapadaki E, Salazar-García DC, Schmidt-Schultz T, Schuenemann VJ, Shafiq R, Stuijts I, Yegorov D, Yener KA, Schultz M, Spiteri C, Stockhammer PW. Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24185. [PMID: 34921192 PMCID: PMC8683508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the earliest evidence for the exploitation of lignite (brown coal) in Europe and sheds new light on the use of combustion fuel sources in the 2nd millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. We applied Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Polarizing Microscopy to the dental calculus of 67 individuals and we identified clear evidence for combustion markers embedded within this calculus. In contrast to the scant evidence for combustion markers within the calculus samples from Egypt, all other individuals show the inhalation of smoke from fires burning wood identified as Pinaceae, in addition to hardwood, such as oak and olive, and/or dung. Importantly, individuals from the Palatial Period at the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns and the Cretan harbour site of Chania also show the inhalation of fire-smoke from lignite, consistent with the chemical signature of sources in the northwestern Peloponnese and Western Crete respectively. This first evidence for lignite exploitation was likely connected to and at the same time enabled Late Bronze Age Aegean metal and pottery production, significantly by both male and female individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Buckley
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robert C Power
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Schellingstraße 12, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Murat Akar
- Archaeology Department, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Julia Becher
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthias Belser
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Cafisso
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joann Fletcher
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Katerina Harvati
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tara Ingman
- Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Istanbul, 34421, Turkey
| | - Efthymia Kataki
- Ephorate of Antiquities of Chania, Stoa Vardinogianni, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Joseph Maran
- Institute for Prehistory, Protohistory and Near Eastern Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Sandgasse 7, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario A S Martin
- Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Domingo C Salazar-García
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia I Història Antiga, University of València, 46010, València, Spain
| | - Tyede Schmidt-Schultz
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rula Shafiq
- Anthropology Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ingelise Stuijts
- The Discovery Programme, 6 Mount Street Lower, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - K Aslιhan Yener
- Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schultz
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Cynthianne Spiteri
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Schellingstraße 12, 80799, Munich, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Kocher A, Papac L, Barquera R, Key FM, Spyrou MA, Hübler R, Rohrlach AB, Aron F, Stahl R, Wissgott A, van Bömmel F, Pfefferkorn M, Mittnik A, Villalba-Mouco V, Neumann GU, Rivollat M, van de Loosdrecht MS, Majander K, Tukhbatova RI, Musralina L, Ghalichi A, Penske S, Sabin S, Michel M, Gretzinger J, Nelson EA, Ferraz T, Nägele K, Parker C, Keller M, Guevara EK, Feldman M, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Giffin K, Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Friederich S, Schimmenti V, Khartanovich V, Karapetian MK, Chaplygin MS, Kufterin VV, Khokhlov AA, Chizhevsky AA, Stashenkov DA, Kochkina AF, Tejedor-Rodríguez C, de Lagrán ÍGM, Arcusa-Magallón H, Garrido-Pena R, Royo-Guillén JI, Nováček J, Rottier S, Kacki S, Saintot S, Kaverzneva E, Belinskiy AB, Velemínský P, Limburský P, Kostka M, Loe L, Popescu E, Clarke R, Lyons A, Mortimer R, Sajantila A, de Armas YC, Hernandez Godoy ST, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Pearson J, Binder D, Lefranc P, Kantorovich AR, Maslov VE, Lai L, Zoledziewska M, Beckett JF, Langová M, Danielisová A, Ingman T, Atiénzar GG, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Romero A, Sperduti A, Beckett S, Salter SJ, Zilivinskaya ED, Vasil'ev DV, von Heyking K, Burger RL, Salazar LC, Amkreutz L, Navruzbekov M, Rosenstock E, Alonso-Fernández C, Slavchev V, Kalmykov AA, Atabiev BC, Batieva E, Calmet MA, Llamas B, Schultz M, Krauß R, Jiménez-Echevarría J, Francken M, Shnaider S, de Knijff P, Altena E, Van de Vijver K, Fehren-Schmitz L, Tung TA, Lösch S, Dobrovolskaya M, Makarov N, Read C, Van Twest M, Sagona C, Ramsl PC, Akar M, Yener KA, Ballestero EC, Cucca F, Mazzarello V, Utrilla P, Rademaker K, Fernández-Domínguez E, Baird D, Semal P, Márquez-Morfín L, Roksandic M, Steiner H, Salazar-García DC, Shishlina N, Erdal YS, Hallgren F, Boyadzhiev Y, Boyadzhiev K, Küßner M, Sayer D, Onkamo P, Skeates R, Rojo-Guerra M, Buzhilova A, Khussainova E, Djansugurova LB, Beisenov AZ, Samashev Z, Massy K, Mannino M, Moiseyev V, Mannermaa K, Balanovsky O, Deguilloux MF, Reinhold S, Hansen S, Kitov EP, Dobeš M, Ernée M, Meller H, Alt KW, Prüfer K, Warinner C, Schiffels S, Stockhammer PW, Bos K, Posth C, Herbig A, Haak W, Krause J, Kühnert D. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution. Science 2021; 374:182-188. [PMID: 34618559 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Kocher
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luka Papac
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix M Key
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ron Hübler
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Adam B Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Franziska Aron
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raphaela Stahl
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Wissgott
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian van Bömmel
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Pfefferkorn
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maïté Rivollat
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | | | - Kerttu Majander
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rezeda I Tukhbatova
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Laboratory of Structural Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Lyazzat Musralina
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayshin Ghalichi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Penske
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanna Sabin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joscha Gretzinger
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tiago Ferraz
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cody Parker
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Arizona State University School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Tempe Arizona, USA
| | - Marcel Keller
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelyn K Guevara
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michal Feldman
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Giffin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Valery Khartanovich
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina K Karapetian
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir V Kufterin
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Chizhevsky
- Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Stashenkov
- Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia
| | - Anna F Kochkina
- Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia
| | - Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Garrido-Pena
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jan Nováček
- Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany.,University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sacha Kacki
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.,Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK
| | - Sylvie Saintot
- INRAP, ARAR UMR 5138, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, The National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Limburský
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Louise Loe
- Oxford Archaeology South, Janus House, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
| | | | - Rachel Clarke
- Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK
| | - Alice Lyons
- Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK
| | | | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Silvia Teresita Hernandez Godoy
- Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo, Dirección Provincial de Cultura, Matanzas, Cuba.,Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas, Cuba
| | - Diana I Hernández-Zaragoza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Pearson
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Didier Binder
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM UMR 7264, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Lefranc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Archimède UMR 7044, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anatoly R Kantorovich
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Maslov
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Luca Lai
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Michaela Langová
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Danielisová
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tara Ingman
- Koç University, Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Istanbul 34433, Turkey
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Paz de Miguel Ibáñez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Bioarchaeology Service, Museum of Civilizations, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo, Università di Napoli L'Orientale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sophie Beckett
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia.,Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Susannah J Salter
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Emma D Zilivinskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kristin von Heyking
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Richard L Burger
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lucy C Salazar
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Luc Amkreutz
- National Museum of Antiquities, 2301 EC Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Rosenstock
- Freie Universität Berlin, Einstein Center Chronoi, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Biaslan Ch Atabiev
- Institute for Caucasus Archaeology, 361401 Nalchik, Republic Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
| | - Elena Batieva
- Azov History, Archaeology and Palaeontology Museum-Reserve, Azov 346780, Russia
| | | | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Michael Schultz
- University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Hildeshein, Germany
| | - Raiko Krauß
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Francken
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Svetlana Shnaider
- ArchaeoZoology in Siberia and Central Asia-ZooSCAn, CNRS-IAET SB RAS International Research Laboratory, IRL 2013, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands
| | - Eveline Altena
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands
| | - Katrien Van de Vijver
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.,Dienst Archeologie-Stad Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Tiffiny A Tung
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Nikolaj Makarov
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Chris Read
- Applied Archaeology School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ireland
| | - Melanie Van Twest
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK
| | - Claudia Sagona
- School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Ramsl
- Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Murat Akar
- Department of Archaeology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - K Aslihan Yener
- Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Eduardo Carmona Ballestero
- Territorial Service of Culture and Tourism from Valladolid, Castilla y León Regional Government, C/ San Lorenzo, 5, 47001, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of History, Geography and Comunication, University of Burgos, Paseo de Comendadores, s/n 09001 Burgos (Burgos), Spain
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR, Monserrato, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Pilar Utrilla
- Área de Prehistoria, P3A DGA Research Group, IPH, University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kurt Rademaker
- Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Douglas Baird
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Patrick Semal
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Márquez-Morfín
- Osteology Laboratory, Post Graduate Studies Division, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirjana Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Caribbean Research Institute, Univeristy of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,DFG Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Steiner
- South Tyrol Provincial Heritage Service, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Domingo Carlos Salazar-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.,Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalia Shishlina
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.,State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yilmaz Selim Erdal
- Human_G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Yavor Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Kamen Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Küßner
- Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany
| | - Duncan Sayer
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Robin Skeates
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK
| | - Manuel Rojo-Guerra
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Buzhilova
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Arman Z Beisenov
- Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zainolla Samashev
- Branch of Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan, 24 of 511 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Berel," Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan
| | - Ken Massy
- Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcello Mannino
- Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Biobank of North Eurasia, Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sabine Reinhold
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svend Hansen
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor P Kitov
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Miroslav Dobeš
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Ernée
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Danube Private University, Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, A - 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.,Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE), Universitätsspital Basel (HFZ), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
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5
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Cheronet O, Ash A, Anders A, Dani J, Domboróczki L, Drozdova E, Francken M, Jovanovic M, Milasinovic L, Pap I, Raczky P, Teschler-Nicola M, Tvrdý Z, Wahl J, Zariņa G, Pinhasi R. Sagittal suture morphological variation in human archaeological populations. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2811-2822. [PMID: 33773064 PMCID: PMC9291749 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cranial sutures join the many bones of the skull. They are therefore points of weakness and consequently subjected to the many mechanical stresses affecting the cranium. However, the way in which this impacts their morphological complexity remains unclear. We examine the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of human sagittal sutures by quantifying the morphology from 107 individuals from archaeological populations spanning the Mesolithic to Middle ages, using standardized two‐dimensional photographs. Results show that the most important factor determining sutural complexity appears to be the position along the cranial vault from the junction with the coronal suture at its anterior‐most point to the junction with the lambdoid suture at its posterior‐most point. Conversely, factors such as age and lifeways show few trends in complexity, the most significant of which is a lower complexity in the sutures of Mesolithic individuals who consumed a tougher diet. The simple technique used in this study therefore allowed us to identify that, taken together, structural aspects play a more important role in defining the complexity of the human sagittal suture than extrinsic factors such as the mechanical forces imposed on the cranium by individuals' diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abigail Ash
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alexandra Anders
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Eva Drozdova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Biological and Molecular Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk Univerzity, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Francken
- Osteology, State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Wuerttemberg, Constance, Germany
| | | | | | - Ildiko Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Raczky
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Teschler-Nicola
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Tvrdý
- Anthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie Abteilung Paläoanthropologie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunita Zariņa
- University of Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Neukamm J, Pfrengle S, Molak M, Seitz A, Francken M, Eppenberger P, Avanzi C, Reiter E, Urban C, Welte B, Stockhammer PW, Teßmann B, Herbig A, Harvati K, Nieselt K, Krause J, Schuenemann VJ. 2000-year-old pathogen genomes reconstructed from metagenomic analysis of Egyptian mummified individuals. BMC Biol 2020; 18:108. [PMID: 32859198 PMCID: PMC7456089 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in sequencing have facilitated large-scale analyses of the metagenomic composition of different samples, including the environmental microbiome of air, water, and soil, as well as the microbiome of living humans and other animals. Analyses of the microbiome of ancient human samples may provide insights into human health and disease, as well as pathogen evolution, but the field is still in its very early stages and considered highly challenging. RESULTS The metagenomic and pathogen content of Egyptian mummified individuals from different time periods was investigated via genetic analysis of the microbial composition of various tissues. The analysis of the dental calculus' microbiome identified Red Complex bacteria, which are correlated with periodontal diseases. From bone and soft tissue, genomes of two ancient pathogens, a 2200-year-old Mycobacterium leprae strain and a 2000-year-old human hepatitis B virus, were successfully reconstructed. CONCLUSIONS The results show the reliability of metagenomic studies on Egyptian mummified individuals and the potential to use them as a source for the extraction of ancient pathogen DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Neukamm
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Pfrengle
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martyna Molak
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Seitz
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Francken
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironments, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.,Paleoanthropology, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Partick Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Ella Reiter
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Urban
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrix Welte
- Institute of Pre- and Protohistory and Medieval Archaeology, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80799, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Teßmann
- Berlin Society of Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Museum of Prehistory and Early History, SMPK Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironments, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.,Paleoanthropology, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Centre for Advanced Studies Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kay Nieselt
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. .,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironments, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. .,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironments, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Posth C, Nakatsuka N, Lazaridis I, Skoglund P, Mallick S, Lamnidis TC, Rohland N, Nägele K, Adamski N, Bertolini E, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Cooper A, Culleton BJ, Ferraz T, Ferry M, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Harkins K, Harper TK, Hünemeier T, Lawson AM, Llamas B, Michel M, Nelson E, Oppenheimer J, Patterson N, Schiffels S, Sedig J, Stewardson K, Talamo S, Wang CC, Hublin JJ, Hubbe M, Harvati K, Nuevo Delaunay A, Beier J, Francken M, Kaulicke P, Reyes-Centeno H, Rademaker K, Trask WR, Robinson M, Gutierrez SM, Prufer KM, Salazar-García DC, Chim EN, Müller Plumm Gomes L, Alves ML, Liryo A, Inglez M, Oliveira RE, Bernardo DV, Barioni A, Wesolowski V, Scheifler NA, Rivera MA, Plens CR, Messineo PG, Figuti L, Corach D, Scabuzzo C, Eggers S, DeBlasis P, Reindel M, Méndez C, Politis G, Tomasto-Cagigao E, Kennett DJ, Strauss A, Fehren-Schmitz L, Krause J, Reich D. Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America. Cell 2018; 175:1185-1197.e22. [PMID: 30415837 PMCID: PMC6327247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany.
| | - Nathan Nakatsuka
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pontus Skoglund
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thiseas C Lamnidis
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Nicole Adamski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emilie Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tiago Ferraz
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Kelly Harkins
- UCSC Paleogenomics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Thomas K Harper
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nelson
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jakob Sedig
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Región de Antofagasta, Antofagasta CP 1410000, Chile
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany; DFG Center for Advanced Studies, "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | | | - Judith Beier
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Peter Kaulicke
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Hugo Reyes-Centeno
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany; DFG Center for Advanced Studies, "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Kurt Rademaker
- Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Willa R Trask
- Central Identification Laboratory, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, Department of Defense, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI 96853, USA
| | - Mark Robinson
- Department of Archaeology, Exeter University, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK
| | | | - Keith M Prufer
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Center for Stable Isotopes, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Domingo C Salazar-García
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-622-13 (UPV-EHU), IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Eliane N Chim
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | | | - Marcony L Alves
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Andersen Liryo
- Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Mariana Inglez
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Danilo V Bernardo
- Laboratório de Estudos em Antropologia Biológica, Bioarqueologia e Evolução Humana, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Barioni
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Veronica Wesolowski
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Nahuel A Scheifler
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría 7400, Argentina
| | - Mario A Rivera
- Comité Chileno del Consejo Internacional de Monumentos y Sitios, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Claudia R Plens
- Escola De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 07252-312, Brazil
| | - Pablo G Messineo
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría 7400, Argentina
| | - Levy Figuti
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel Corach
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Argentina
| | - Clara Scabuzzo
- CONICET-División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sabine Eggers
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Paulo DeBlasis
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Markus Reindel
- German Archaeological Institute, Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures, Bonn 53173, Germany
| | - César Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Coyhaique 5951601, Chile
| | - Gustavo Politis
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría 7400, Argentina
| | | | - Douglas J Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - André Strauss
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Palaeoanthropology and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany; Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil; Centro de Arqueologia Annette Laming Emperaire, Miguel A Salomão, Lagoa Santa, MG 33400-000, Brazil
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Mathieson I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Posth C, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Rohland N, Mallick S, Olalde I, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Cheronet O, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Gamarra B, Fortes GG, Haak W, Harney E, Jones E, Keating D, Krause-Kyora B, Kucukkalipci I, Michel M, Mittnik A, Nägele K, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Patterson N, Pfrengle S, Sirak K, Stewardson K, Vai S, Alexandrov S, Alt KW, Andreescu R, Antonović D, Ash A, Atanassova N, Bacvarov K, Gusztáv MB, Bocherens H, Bolus M, Boroneanţ A, Boyadzhiev Y, Budnik A, Burmaz J, Chohadzhiev S, Conard NJ, Cottiaux R, Čuka M, Cupillard C, Drucker DG, Elenski N, Francken M, Galabova B, Ganetsovski G, Gély B, Hajdu T, Handzhyiska V, Harvati K, Higham T, Iliev S, Janković I, Karavanić I, Kennett DJ, Komšo D, Kozak A, Labuda D, Lari M, Lazar C, Leppek M, Leshtakov K, Vetro DL, Los D, Lozanov I, Malina M, Martini F, McSweeney K, Meller H, Menđušić M, Mirea P, Moiseyev V, Petrova V, Price TD, Simalcsik A, Sineo L, Šlaus M, Slavchev V, Stanev P, Starović A, Szeniczey T, Talamo S, Teschler-Nicola M, Thevenet C, Valchev I, Valentin F, Vasilyev S, Veljanovska F, Venelinova S, Veselovskaya E, Viola B, Virag C, Zaninović J, Zäuner S, Stockhammer PW, Catalano G, Krauß R, Caramelli D, Zariņa G, Gaydarska B, Lillie M, Nikitin AG, Potekhina I, Papathanasiou A, Borić D, Bonsall C, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Reich D. The genomic history of southeastern Europe. Nature 2018; 555:197-203. [PMID: 29466330 PMCID: PMC6091220 DOI: 10.1038/nature25778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-7th millennium BCE–associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the Southeast before spreading throughout Europe. To understand the dynamics of this process, we analyzed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document a West-East cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and–in far-eastern Europe–early stages in the formation of Bronze Age Steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some groups that remained mixed extensively, without the male-biased hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the North and West. Southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West, with intermittent genetic contact with the Steppe up to 2000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern Europe’s population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Olivia Cheronet
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gloria González Fortes
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eadaoin Harney
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eppie Jones
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Denise Keating
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Isil Kucukkalipci
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Novak
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Saskia Pfrengle
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stefania Vai
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefan Alexandrov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, CH-4123 Basel-Allschwil, Switzerland.,State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | | | | | - Abigail Ash
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadezhda Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krum Bacvarov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mende Balázs Gusztáv
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolus
- ROCEEH Research Center, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adina Boroneanţ
- Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy, 010667 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yavor Boyadzhiev
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alicja Budnik
- Human Biology Department, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Nicholas J Conard
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Maja Čuka
- Archaeological Museum of Istria, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Christophe Cupillard
- Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25043 Besançon Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Chronoenvironnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nedko Elenski
- Regional Museum of History Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernard Gély
- DRAC Auvergne - Rhône Alpes, Ministère de la Culture, Lyon Cedex 01, France
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Department of Biological Anthropology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veneta Handzhyiska
- Department of Archaeology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Higham
- Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | - Ivor Janković
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Ivor Karavanić
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.,Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Department of Anthropology and Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Darko Komšo
- Archaeological Museum of Istria, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Alexandra Kozak
- Department of Bioarchaeology, Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Damian Labuda
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Pediatric Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Martina Lari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Catalin Lazar
- National History Museum of Romania, 030026, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Ancient History, Archaeology and History of Art, Faculty of History, University of Bucharest, 50107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maleen Leppek
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Krassimir Leshtakov
- Department of Archaeology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Domenico Lo Vetro
- Dipartimento SAGAS - Sezione di Archeologia e Antico Oriente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy.,Museo e Istituto fiorentino di Preistoria, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Dženi Los
- KADUCEJ d.o.o., 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivaylo Lozanov
- Department of Archaeology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Malina
- ROCEEH Research Center, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabio Martini
- Dipartimento SAGAS - Sezione di Archeologia e Antico Oriente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy.,Museo e Istituto fiorentino di Preistoria, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Kath McSweeney
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Marko Menđušić
- Conservation Department in Šibenik, Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia
| | - Pavel Mirea
- Teleorman County Museum, 140033 Alexandria, Romania
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Department of Archaeology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Douglas Price
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- Olga Necrasov Centre for Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy - Iaşi Branch, 700481 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Luca Sineo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche, Lab. of Anthropology, Università degli studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Petar Stanev
- Regional Museum of History Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | | | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Department of Biological Anthropology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Teschler-Nicola
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ivan Valchev
- Department of Archaeology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sergey Vasilyev
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Fanica Veljanovska
- Archaeological Museum of Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | | | - Elizaveta Veselovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Bence Viola
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S2, Canada.,Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Cristian Virag
- Satu Mare County Museum Archaeology Department, 440026 Satu Mare, Romania
| | | | - Steve Zäuner
- anthropol - Anthropologieservice, 72379 Hechingen, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Giulio Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche, Lab. of Anthropology, Università degli studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Raiko Krauß
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Gunita Zariņa
- Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Rı¯ga 1050, Latvia
| | | | - Malcolm Lillie
- School of Environmental Sciences, Geography, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Alexey G Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, USA
| | - Inna Potekhina
- Department of Bioarchaeology, Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | - Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Clive Bonsall
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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9
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Schuenemann VJ, Peltzer A, Welte B, van Pelt WP, Molak M, Wang CC, Furtwängler A, Urban C, Reiter E, Nieselt K, Teßmann B, Francken M, Harvati K, Haak W, Schiffels S, Krause J. Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15694. [PMID: 28556824 PMCID: PMC5459999 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt's past at a genome-wide level. Archaeological and historical records had shown ancient Egypt before and after Ptolemaic and Roman periods to be a hub of human migration and exchange. Here, Schuenemann and colleagues analyse ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to investigate the genetic history of Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Peltzer
- Integrative Transcriptomics, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Beatrix Welte
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Paul van Pelt
- Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Martyna Molak
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Urban
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ella Reiter
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kay Nieselt
- Integrative Transcriptomics, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Teßmann
- Berlin Society of Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, 10997 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Centre for Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
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10
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Weyrich LS, Duchene S, Soubrier J, Arriola L, Llamas B, Breen J, Morris AG, Alt KW, Caramelli D, Dresely V, Farrell M, Farrer AG, Francken M, Gully N, Haak W, Hardy K, Harvati K, Held P, Holmes EC, Kaidonis J, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A, Semal P, Soltysiak A, Townsend G, Usai D, Wahl J, Huson DH, Dobney K, Cooper A. Neanderthal behaviour, diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calculus. Nature 2017; 544:357-361. [DOI: 10.1038/nature21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Ash A, Francken M, Pap I, Tvrdý Z, Wahl J, Pinhasi R. Regional differences in health, diet and weaning patterns amongst the first Neolithic farmers of central Europe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29458. [PMID: 27385276 PMCID: PMC4935844 DOI: 10.1038/srep29458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Across much of central Europe, the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) represents the first Neolithic communities. Arising in Transdanubia around 5500 cal. BC the LBK spread west to the Rhine within two to three hundred years, carrying elements of a mixed agricultural economy and a relatively homogeneous material culture. Colonisation of new regions during this progress would have required economic adaptations to varied ecological conditions within the landscape. This paper investigates whether such adaptation at a local scale affected health patterns and altered the dietary habits of populations that otherwise shared a common cultural and biological origin. Analysis of non-specific stress (linear enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia) within five LBK populations from across central Europe in conjunction with published carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from each site revealed a high prevalence of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in western populations that was associated with a lower animal protein intake. Hypoplastic enamel was more frequently observed in eastern populations however, and may reflect geographic differences in childhood morbidity and mortality as a result of variation in social practices relating to weaning. Local socio-economic adaptations within the LBK were therefore an important factor in the exposure of populations to non-specific stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ash
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zdeněk Tvrdý
- Anthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim Wahl
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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12
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Posth C, Renaud G, Mittnik A, Drucker DG, Rougier H, Cupillard C, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Furtwängler A, Wißing C, Francken M, Malina M, Bolus M, Lari M, Gigli E, Capecchi G, Crevecoeur I, Beauval C, Flas D, Germonpré M, van der Plicht J, Cottiaux R, Gély B, Ronchitelli A, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Svoboda J, Semal P, Caramelli D, Bocherens H, Harvati K, Conard NJ, Haak W, Powell A, Krause J. Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe. Curr Biol 2016; 26:827-33. [PMID: 26853362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
How modern humans dispersed into Eurasia and Australasia, including the number of separate expansions and their timings, is highly debated [1, 2]. Two categories of models are proposed for the dispersal of non-Africans: (1) single dispersal, i.e., a single major diffusion of modern humans across Eurasia and Australasia [3-5]; and (2) multiple dispersal, i.e., additional earlier population expansions that may have contributed to the genetic diversity of some present-day humans outside of Africa [6-9]. Many variants of these models focus largely on Asia and Australasia, neglecting human dispersal into Europe, thus explaining only a subset of the entire colonization process outside of Africa [3-5, 8, 9]. The genetic diversity of the first modern humans who spread into Europe during the Late Pleistocene and the impact of subsequent climatic events on their demography are largely unknown. Here we analyze 55 complete human mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) of hunter-gatherers spanning ∼35,000 years of European prehistory. We unexpectedly find mtDNA lineage M in individuals prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This lineage is absent in contemporary Europeans, although it is found at high frequency in modern Asians, Australasians, and Native Americans. Dating the most recent common ancestor of each of the modern non-African mtDNA clades reveals their single, late, and rapid dispersal less than 55,000 years ago. Demographic modeling not only indicates an LGM genetic bottleneck, but also provides surprising evidence of a major population turnover in Europe around 14,500 years ago during the Late Glacial, a period of climatic instability at the end of the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Posth
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Renaud
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hélène Rougier
- Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8244, USA
| | - Christophe Cupillard
- Service Régional d'Archéologie de Franche-Comté, 7 Rue Charles Nodier, 25043 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | | | - Corinne Thevenet
- INRAP/UMR 8215 Trajectoires, 21 Allée de l'Université, 92023 Nanterre, France
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wißing
- Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Francken
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Malina
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Research Center "The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans" at the University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolus
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Research Center "The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans" at the University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Lari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Gigli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Capecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Isabelle Crevecoeur
- CNRS, UMR 5199, PACEA, A3P, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | | | - Damien Flas
- TRACES, UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Mietje Germonpré
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes van der Plicht
- Centre for Isotope Research, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, PO Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Cottiaux
- INRAP/UMR 8215 Trajectoires, 21 Allée de l'Université, 92023 Nanterre, France
| | - Bernard Gély
- Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles Rhône-Alpes, Le Grenier d'Abondance 6, Quai Saint-Vincent, 69283 Lyon Cedex 01, France
| | - Annamaria Ronchitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Dan Grigorescu
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bulevardul Nicolae Balcescu 1, 01041 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Archaeology at Brno, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 69129 Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Semal
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Conard
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adam Powell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Posth C, Renaud G, Mittnik A, Drucker DG, Rougier H, Cupillard C, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Furtwängler A, Wißing C, Francken M, Malina M, Bolus M, Lari M, Gigli E, Capecchi G, Crevecoeur I, Beauval C, Flas D, Germonpré M, van der Plicht J, Cottiaux R, Gély B, Ronchitelli A, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Svoboda J, Semal P, Caramelli D, Bocherens H, Harvati K, Conard NJ, Haak W, Powell A, Krause J. Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe. Curr Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Haak W, Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Rohland N, Mallick S, Llamas B, Brandt G, Nordenfelt S, Harney E, Stewardson K, Fu Q, Mittnik A, Bánffy E, Economou C, Francken M, Friederich S, Pena RG, Hallgren F, Khartanovich V, Khokhlov A, Kunst M, Kuznetsov P, Meller H, Mochalov O, Moiseyev V, Nicklisch N, Pichler SL, Risch R, Rojo Guerra MA, Roth C, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Wahl J, Meyer M, Krause J, Brown D, Anthony D, Cooper A, Alt KW, Reich D. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 2015; 522:207-11. [PMID: 25731166 PMCID: PMC5048219 DOI: 10.1038/nature14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 777] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of Western and Far Eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ∼8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a ∼24,000-year-old Siberian. By ∼6,000-5,000 years ago, farmers throughout much of Europe had more hunter-gatherer ancestry than their predecessors, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but also from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ∼4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ∼75% of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ∼3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Haak
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental
Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South
Australia, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
02115, USA
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental
Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South
Australia, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Guido Brandt
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Nordenfelt
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Eadaoin Harney
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
02115, USA
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
02115, USA
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103,
Germany
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Eszter Bánffy
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities,
Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary
- Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325
Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Economou
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18,
Sweden
| | - Michael Francken
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human
Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
D-72070, Germany
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt
and State Heritage Museum, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Rafael Garrido Pena
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de
Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Valery Khartanovich
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
(Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Khokhlov
- Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, 443099
Russia, Samara, M. Gor'kogo, 65/67
| | - Michael Kunst
- Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002
Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Kuznetsov
- Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, 443099
Russia, Samara, M. Gor'kogo, 65/67
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt
and State Heritage Museum, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Oleg Mochalov
- Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, 443099
Russia, Samara, M. Gor'kogo, 65/67
| | - Vayacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
(Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicole Nicklisch
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt
and State Heritage Museum, D-06114 Halle, Germany
- Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Sandra L. Pichler
- Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of
Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Risch
- Departamento de Prehistòria, Universitat Autonoma de
Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rojo Guerra
- Departamento de Prehistòria y Arqueolgia, Universidad de
Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Christina Roth
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities,
Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joachim Wahl
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management
Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D- 78467, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103,
Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human
Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
D-72070, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745
Jena, Germany
| | - Dorcas Brown
- Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY
| | - David Anthony
- Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental
Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South
Australia, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt
and State Heritage Museum, D-06114 Halle, Germany
- Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria
- Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of
Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,
USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
02115, USA
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15
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Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Mittnik A, Renaud G, Mallick S, Kirsanow K, Sudmant PH, Schraiber JG, Castellano S, Lipson M, Berger B, Economou C, Bollongino R, Fu Q, Bos KI, Nordenfelt S, Li H, de Filippo C, Prüfer K, Sawyer S, Posth C, Haak W, Hallgren F, Fornander E, Rohland N, Delsate D, Francken M, Guinet JM, Wahl J, Ayodo G, Babiker HA, Bailliet G, Balanovska E, Balanovsky O, Barrantes R, Bedoya G, Ben-Ami H, Bene J, Berrada F, Bravi CM, Brisighelli F, Busby GBJ, Cali F, Churnosov M, Cole DEC, Corach D, Damba L, van Driem G, Dryomov S, Dugoujon JM, Fedorova SA, Gallego Romero I, Gubina M, Hammer M, Henn BM, Hervig T, Hodoglugil U, Jha AR, Karachanak-Yankova S, Khusainova R, Khusnutdinova E, Kittles R, Kivisild T, Klitz W, Kučinskas V, Kushniarevich A, Laredj L, Litvinov S, Loukidis T, Mahley RW, Melegh B, Metspalu E, Molina J, Mountain J, Näkkäläjärvi K, Nesheva D, Nyambo T, Osipova L, Parik J, Platonov F, Posukh O, Romano V, Rothhammer F, Rudan I, Ruizbakiev R, Sahakyan H, Sajantila A, Salas A, Starikovskaya EB, Tarekegn A, Toncheva D, Turdikulova S, Uktveryte I, Utevska O, Vasquez R, Villena M, Voevoda M, Winkler CA, Yepiskoposyan L, Zalloua P, Zemunik T, Cooper A, Capelli C, Thomas MG, Ruiz-Linares A, Tishkoff SA, Singh L, Thangaraj K, Villems R, Comas D, Sukernik R, Metspalu M, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Burger J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S, Kelso J, Reich D, Krause J. Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature 2014; 513:409-13. [PMID: 25230663 PMCID: PMC4170574 DOI: 10.1038/nature13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight
~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other
ancient genomes1–4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most
present Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West
European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near
Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near
Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but
also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships
and show that EEF had ~44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian”
population that split prior to the diversification of other non-African lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Lazaridis
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Gabriel Renaud
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Swapan Mallick
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Karola Kirsanow
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joshua G Schraiber
- 1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA
| | - Sergi Castellano
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Mark Lipson
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christos Economou
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Ruth Bollongino
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Susanne Nordenfelt
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Heng Li
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Cesare de Filippo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Susanna Sawyer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Elin Fornander
- The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden
| | - Nadin Rohland
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dominique Delsate
- 1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Francken
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Wahl
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany
| | - George Ayodo
- Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Hamza A Babiker
- 1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Graciela Bailliet
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina
| | | | - Oleg Balanovsky
- 1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ramiro Barrantes
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Fouad Berrada
- Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco
| | - Claudio M Bravi
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina
| | - Francesca Brisighelli
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - George B J Busby
- 1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Francesco Cali
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy
| | | | - David E C Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Daniel Corach
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Larissa Damba
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - George van Driem
- Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Dryomov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Sardana A Fedorova
- North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Marina Gubina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Michael Hammer
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Brenna M Henn
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Tor Hervig
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | | | - Aashish R Jha
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Rita Khusainova
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia
| | - Rick Kittles
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - William Klitz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | | | - Leila Laredj
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Sergey Litvinov
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Theologos Loukidis
- 1] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.)
| | | | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Julio Molina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Joanna Mountain
- Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | | | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Nyambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania
| | - Ludmila Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jüri Parik
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Fedor Platonov
- Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia
| | - Olga Posukh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valentino Romano
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- 1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Ruslan Ruizbakiev
- 1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. [2]
| | - Hovhannes Sahakyan
- 1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Antti Sajantila
- 1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain
| | - Elena B Starikovskaya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ayele Tarekegn
- Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Shahlo Turdikulova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Ingrida Uktveryte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Olga Utevska
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | - René Vasquez
- 1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia
| | - Mercedes Villena
- 1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia
| | - Mikhail Voevoda
- 1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- 1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Mark G Thomas
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lalji Singh
- 1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.)
| | | | - Richard Villems
- 1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
| | - David Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rem Sukernik
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Evan E Eichler
- 1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joachim Burger
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Montgomery Slatkin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Janet Kelso
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David Reich
- 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- 1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany
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Slizewski A, Burger-Heinrich E, Francken M, Wahl J, Harvati K. Pilot study for reconstruction of soft tissues: muscle cross-sectional area of the forearm estimated from cortical bone for a Neolithic sample. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1103-14. [PMID: 24782319 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On a basis of a method for muscle cross-sectional area estimation from cortical bone area that was previously developed (Slizewski et al. Anat Rec 2013; 296:1695-1707), we reconstructed muscle cross-sectional area at 65% of radius length for a sample of Neolithic human remains from the Linear Pottery Culture (ca. 5,700-4,900 years BC). Muscle cross-sectional area estimations for the Neolithic sample were compared to in vivo measurements from a recent human sample. Results demonstrate that the Neolithic individuals had larger muscle cross-sectional area relative to radius length than the contemporary humans and that their forearms were more muscular and robust. We also found significant differences in relative muscle cross-sectional area between Neolithic and recent children that indicate different levels of physical stress and isometric activities. Our results fit into the framework of studies previously published about the sample and the Linear Pottery Culture. Therefore, the new approach was successfully applied to an archaeological sample for the first time here. Results of our pilot study indicate that muscle cross-sectional area estimation could in the future supplement other anthropological methods currently in use for the analysis of postcranial remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Slizewski
- Paleoanthropology, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology/Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Obertová Z, Francken M. Tooth Cementum Annulation Method: Accuracy and Applicability. Frontiers of Oral Biology 2009; 13:184-189. [DOI: 10.1159/000242415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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