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Jiao Y, Yan J, Sutaria DS, Lu P, Vicchiarelli M, Reyna Z, Ruiz-Delgado J, Burk E, Moon E, Shah NR, Spellberg B, Bonomo RA, Drusano GL, Louie A, Luna BM, Bulitta JB. Population pharmacokinetics and humanized dosage regimens matching the peak, area, trough, and range of amikacin plasma concentrations in immune-competent murine bloodstream and lung infection models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0139423. [PMID: 38289076 PMCID: PMC10916399 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01394-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Amikacin is an FDA-approved aminoglycoside antibiotic that is commonly used. However, validated dosage regimens that achieve clinically relevant exposure profiles in mice are lacking. We aimed to design and validate humanized dosage regimens for amikacin in immune-competent murine bloodstream and lung infection models of Acinetobacter baumannii. Plasma and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations after single subcutaneous doses of 1.37, 13.7, and 137 mg/kg of body weight were simultaneously modeled via population pharmacokinetics. Then, humanized amikacin dosage regimens in mice were designed and prospectively validated to match the peak, area, trough, and range of plasma concentration profiles in critically ill patients (clinical dose: 25-30 mg/kg of body weight). The pharmacokinetics of amikacin were linear, with a clearance of 9.93 mL/h in both infection models after a single dose. However, the volume of distribution differed between models, resulting in an elimination half-life of 48 min for the bloodstream and 36 min for the lung model. The drug exposure in ELF was 72.7% compared to that in plasma. After multiple q6h dosing, clearance decreased by ~80% from the first (7.35 mL/h) to the last two dosing intervals (~1.50 mL/h) in the bloodstream model. Likewise, clearance decreased by 41% from 7.44 to 4.39 mL/h in the lung model. The humanized dosage regimens were 117 mg/kg of body weight/day in mice [administered in four fractions 6 h apart (q6h): 61.9%, 18.6%, 11.3%, and 8.21% of total dose] for the bloodstream and 96.7 mg/kg of body weight/day (given q6h as 65.1%, 16.9%, 10.5%, and 7.41%) for the lung model. These validated humanized dosage regimens and population pharmacokinetic models support translational studies with clinically relevant amikacin exposure profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dhruvitkumar S. Sutaria
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Peggy Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Zeferino Reyna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juan Ruiz-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugene Moon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nirav R. Shah
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County-USC (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case VA Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George L. Drusano
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Arnold Louie
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brian M. Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Jiao Y, Yan J, Vicchiarelli M, Sutaria DS, Lu P, Reyna Z, Spellberg B, Bonomo RA, Drusano GL, Louie A, Luna BM, Bulitta JB. Individual Components of Polymyxin B Modeled via Population Pharmacokinetics to Design Humanized Dosage Regimens for a Bloodstream and Lung Infection Model in Immune-Competent Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0019723. [PMID: 37022153 PMCID: PMC10190254 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00197-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B is a "last-line-of-defense" antibiotic approved in the 1960s. However, the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of its four main components has not been reported in infected mice. We aimed to determine the PK of polymyxin B1, B1-Ile, B2, and B3 in a murine bloodstream and lung infection model of Acinetobacter baumannii and develop humanized dosage regimens. A linear 1-compartment model, plus an epithelial lining fluid (ELF) compartment for the lung model, best described the PK. Clearance and volume of distribution were similar among the four components. The bioavailability fractions were 72.6% for polymyxin B1, 12.0% for B1-Ile, 11.5% for B2, and 3.81% for B3 for the lung model and were similar for the bloodstream model. While the volume of distribution was comparable between both models (17.3 mL for the lung and ~27 mL for the bloodstream model), clearance was considerably smaller for the lung (2.85 mL/h) compared to that of the bloodstream model (5.59 mL/h). The total drug exposure (AUC) in ELF was high due to the saturable binding of polymyxin B presumably to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. However, the modeled unbound AUC in ELF was ~16.7% compared to the total drug AUC in plasma. The long elimination half-life (~4 h) of polymyxin B enabled humanized dosage regimens with every 12 h dosing in mice. Daily doses that optimally matched the range of drug concentrations observed in patients were 21 mg/kg for the bloodstream and 13 mg/kg for the lung model. These dosage regimens and population PK models support translational studies for polymyxin B at clinically relevant drug exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Dhruvitkumar S. Sutaria
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Peggy Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeferino Reyna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County-USC (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Deparment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George L. Drusano
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Arnold Louie
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brian M. Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Maynard M, Drusano GL, Vicchiarelli M, Liu W, Myrick J, Nole J, Duncanson B, Brown D, Louie A. Polymyxin B Pharmacodynamics in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model: What You See May Not Be What You Get. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0185320. [PMID: 34097487 PMCID: PMC8284464 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01853-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose range studies for polymyxin B (PMB) regimens of 0.75 to 12 mg/kg given every 12 h (q12h) were evaluated for bacterial killing and resistance prevention against an AmpC-overexpressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a blaKPC-3-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae in 10-day in vitro hollow-fiber models. An exposure-response was observed. But all regimens failed due to regrowth. Lower-dose regimens amplified isolates that expressed transient, lower-level adaptive resistance to PMB (MICs ≤ 4 mg/liter). Higher PMB dosages amplified isolates that expressed this resistance mechanism, a higher-MIC "moderately stable" adaptive resistance, and a higher-MIC stable resistance to PMB. Failure of the highest dose regimens was solely due to subpopulations that expressed the two higher-level resistances. Total and bioactive PMB concentrations in broth declined below targeted PK profiles within hours of treatment initiation and prior to bacterial regrowth. With treatment failure, the total PMB measured in bacteria was substantially higher than in broth. But the bioactive PMB in broth and bacteria were low to nondetectable. Together, these findings suggest a sequence of events for treatment failure of the clinical regimen. First, PMB concentrations in broth are diluted as PMB binds to bacteria, resulting in total and bioactive PMB in broth that is lower than targeted. Bacterial regrowth and treatment failure follow, with emergence of subpopulations that express transient lower-level adaptive resistance to PMB and possibly higher-level adaptive and stable resistances. Higher-dose PMB regimens can prevent the emergence of transient lower-level adaptive resistance, but they do not prevent treatment failure due to isolates that express higher-level resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maynard
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - G. L. Drusano
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jenny Myrick
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jocelyn Nole
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Duncanson
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - David Brown
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Arnold Louie
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Ande A, Vaidya TR, Tran BN, Vicchiarelli M, Brown AN, Ait-Oudhia S. Utility of a Novel Three-Dimensional and Dynamic (3DD) Cell Culture System for PK/PD Studies: Evaluation of a Triple Combination Therapy at Overcoming Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29765318 PMCID: PMC5938355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergence of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy resistance in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) poses a major clinical challenge. Mechanisms of resistance include the over-activation of the PI3K/mTOR and Src pathways. This work aims to investigate a novel combination therapy that employs paclitaxel (PAC), a mitotic inhibitor, with everolimus (EVE), an mTOR inhibitor, and dasatinib (DAS), an Src kinase inhibitor, as a modality to overcome resistance. Methods: Static (two dimensional, 2D) and three-dimensional dynamic (3DD) cell culture studies were conducted using JIMT-1 cells, a HER2+ BC cell line refractory to HER2 therapies. Cell viability and caspase-3 expression were examined after JIMT-1 cell exposure to agents as monotherapy or in combination using a 2D setting. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) combination study with PAC+DAS+EVE was conducted over 3 weeks in a 3DD setting. PAC was administered into the system via a 3 h infusion followed by the addition of a continuous infusion of EVE+DAS 24 h post-PAC dosing. Cell counts and caspase-3 expression were quantified every 2 days. A semi-mechanistic PK/PD model was developed using the 2D data and scaled up to capture the 3DD data. The final model integrated active caspase-3 as a biomarker to bridge between drug exposures and cancer cell dynamics. Model fittings were performed using Monolix software. Results: The triple combination significantly induced caspase-3 activity in the 2D cell culture setting. In the 3DD cell culture setting, sequential dosing of PAC then EVE+DAS showed a 5-fold increase in caspase-3 activity and 8.5-fold decrease in the total cell number compared to the control. The semi-mechanistic PK/PD models fit the data well, capturing the time-course profiles of drug concentrations, caspase-3 expression, and cell counts in the 2D and 3DD settings. Conclusion: A novel, sequential triple combination therapeutic regimen was successfully evaluated in both 2D and 3DD in vitro cell culture systems. The efficacy of this combination at inhibiting the cellular proliferation and re-growth of HER2/mTOR resistant cell line, JIMT-1, is demonstrated. A biomarker-linked PK/PD model successfully captured all time-course data. The latter can be used as a modeling platform for a direct translation from 3DD in vitro settings to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Ande
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Tanaya R Vaidya
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bao N Tran
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley N Brown
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Sihem Ait-Oudhia
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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5
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Hershberger PM, Hedrick MP, Peddibhotla S, Mangravita-Novo A, Gosalia P, Li Y, Gray W, Vicchiarelli M, Smith LH, Chung TDY, Thomas JB, Caron MG, Pinkerton AB, Barak LS, Roth GP. Imidazole-derived agonists for the neurotensin 1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:262-7. [PMID: 24332089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A scaffold-hop program seeking full agonists of the neurotensin-1 (NTR1) receptor identified the probe molecule ML301 (1) and associated analogs, including its naphthyl analog (14) which exhibited similar properties. Compound 1 showed full agonist behavior (79-93%) with an EC50 of 2.0-4.1μM against NTR1. Compound 1 also showed good activity in a Ca mobilization FLIPR assay (93% efficacy at 298nM), consistent with it functioning via the Gq coupled pathway, and good selectivity relative to NTR2 and GPR35. In further profiling, 1 showed low potential for promiscuity and good overall pharmacological data. This report describes the discovery, synthesis, and SAR of 1 and associated analogs. Initial in vitro pharmacologic characterization is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Hershberger
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Michael P Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Arianna Mangravita-Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yujie Li
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wilson Gray
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James B Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Roth
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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McAnally D, Vicchiarelli M, Siddiquee K, Smith LH. In Vivo Rapid Assessment of Compound Exposure (RACE) for Profiling the Pharmacokinetics of Novel Chemical Probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:299-309. [PMID: 23788556 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Rapid Assessment of Compound Exposure (RACE) assay is an easy and efficient method for estimating the pharmacokinetic parameter of exposure (AUC: area under the curve) of novel chemical probe compounds in mice. RACE is a truncated and compressed version of a traditional comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetics study. The method uses a single standard formulation, dose, route of administration, and a small cohort of mice (n = 4). Standardized protocols and an abbreviated sample collection scheme reduce the labor needed to perform both the in-life and bioanalytical phases of the study. The procedure reduces the complexity of data analysis by eliminating all but one calculated pharmacokinetic parameter; estimated exposure (eAUC20-120), a parameter that is sufficient to rank order compounds based on exposure, but is also easily determined by most software using the simple trapezoidal rule. The RACE assay protocol is readily applicable to early/exploratory studies of most compounds, and is intended to be employed by laboratories with limited expertise in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:299-309 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McAnally
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
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7
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Peddibhotla S, Hedrick MP, Hershberger P, Maloney PR, Li Y, Milewski M, Gosalia P, Gray W, Mehta A, Sugarman E, Hood B, Suyama E, Nguyen K, Heynen-Genel S, Vasile S, Salaniwal S, Stonich D, Su Y, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Roth GP, Smith LH, Chung TDY, Hanson GR, Thomas JB, Caron MG, Barak LS, Pinkerton AB. Discovery of ML314, a Brain Penetrant Non-Peptidic β-Arrestin Biased Agonist of the Neurotensin NTR1 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:846-851. [PMID: 24611085 DOI: 10.1021/ml400176n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin 1 receptor (NTR1) is an important therapeutic target for a range of disease states including addiction. A high throughput screening campaign, followed by medicinal chemistry optimization, led to the discovery of a non-peptidic β-arrestin biased agonist for NTR1. The lead compound, 2-cyclopropyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)- piperazin-1-yl)quinazoline, 32 (ML314), exhibits full agonist behavior against NTR1 (EC50 = 2.0 μM) in the primary assay and selectivity against NTR2. The effect of 32 is blocked by the NTR1 antagonist SR142948A in a dose dependent manner. Unlike peptide based NTR1 agonists, compound 32 has no significant response in a Ca2+ mobilization assay and is thus a biased agonist that activates the β-arrestin pathway rather than the traditional G q coupled pathway. This bias has distinct biochemical and functional consequences that may lead to physiological advantages. Compound 32 displays good brain penetration in rodents, and studies examining its in vivo properties are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Michael P. Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Paul Hershberger
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Patrick R. Maloney
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Yujie Li
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Monika Milewski
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wilson Gray
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alka Mehta
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Eliot Sugarman
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Becky Hood
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Eigo Suyama
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Susanne Heynen-Genel
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Vasile
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Sumeet Salaniwal
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Derek Stonich
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ying Su
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Arianna Mangravita-Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Gregory P. Roth
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Thomas D. Y. Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Glen R. Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 260 S. Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - James B. Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Lawrence S. Barak
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Maloney PR, Khan P, Hedrick M, Gosalia P, Milewski M, Li L, Roth GP, Sergienko E, Suyama E, Sugarman E, Nguyen K, Mehta A, Vasile S, Su Y, Stonich D, Nguyen H, Zeng FY, Mangravita Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Diwan J, Chung TDY, Smith LH, Pinkerton AB. Discovery of 4-oxo-6-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (ML221) as a functional antagonist of the apelin (APJ) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6656-60. [PMID: 23010269 PMCID: PMC3729231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered apelin/APJ system has emerged as a critical mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis and is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. A role for apelin/APJ in energy metabolism and gastrointestinal function has also recently emerged. We disclose the discovery and characterization of 4-oxo-6-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (ML221), a potent APJ functional antagonist in cell-based assays that is >37-fold selective over the closely related angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. ML221 was derived from an HTS of the ~330,600 compound MLSMR collection. This antagonist showed no significant binding activity against 29 other GPCRs, except to the κ-opioid and benzodiazepinone receptors (<50/<70%I at 10 μM). The synthetic methodology, development of structure-activity relationship (SAR), and initial in vitro pharmacologic characterization are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Maloney
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Pasha Khan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Michael Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monika Milewski
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linda Li
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory P. Roth
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eigo Suyama
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Eliot Sugarman
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Alka Mehta
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Stefan Vasile
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derek Stonich
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fu-Yue Zeng
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arianna Mangravita Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jena Diwan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D. Y. Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Cardiopathobiology Program, Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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9
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Preuss J, Maloney P, Peddibhotla S, Hedrick MP, Hershberger P, Gosalia P, Milewski M, Li YL, Sugarman E, Hood B, Suyama E, Nguyen K, Vasile S, Sergienko E, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, McAnally D, Smith LH, Roth GP, Diwan J, Chung TDY, Jortzik E, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Pinkerton AB, Bode L. Discovery of a Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconolactonase inhibitor (R,Z)-N-((1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)-2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-6-carboxamide (ML276) that reduces parasite growth in vitro. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7262-72. [PMID: 22813531 DOI: 10.1021/jm300833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput screen of the NIH's MLSMR collection of ∼340000 compounds was undertaken to identify compounds that inhibit Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (PfG6PD). PfG6PD is important for proliferating and propagating P. falciparum and differs structurally and mechanistically from the human orthologue. The reaction catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first, rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a key metabolic pathway sustaining anabolic needs in reductive equivalents and synthetic materials in fast-growing cells. In P. falciparum , the bifunctional enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase (PfGluPho) catalyzes the first two steps of the PPP. Because P. falciparum and infected host red blood cells rely on accelerated glucose flux, they depend on the G6PD activity of PfGluPho. The lead compound identified from this effort, (R,Z)-N-((1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)-2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-6-carboxamide, 11 (ML276), is a submicromolar inhibitor of PfG6PD (IC(50) = 889 nM). It is completely selective for the enzyme's human isoform, displays micromolar potency (IC(50) = 2.6 μM) against P. falciparum in culture, and has good drug-like properties, including high solubility and moderate microsomal stability. Studies testing the potential advantage of inhibiting PfG6PD in vivo are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Preuss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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10
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Frankowski KJ, Hedrick MP, Gosalia P, Li K, Shi S, Whipple D, Ghosh P, Prisinzano TE, Schoenen FJ, Su Y, Vasile S, Sergienko E, Gray W, Hariharan S, Milan L, Heynen-Genel S, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Smith LH, Streicher JM, Caron MG, Barak LS, Bohn LM, Chung TDY, Aubé J. Discovery of Small Molecule Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Chemotypes through a HTS and Hit Refinement Strategy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:221-236. [PMID: 22737280 DOI: 10.1021/cn200128x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present the outcome of a high throughput screening (HTS) campaign-based strategy for the rapid identification and optimization of selective and general chemotypes for both kappa (κ) opioid receptor (KOR) activation and inhibition. In this program, we have developed potent antagonists (IC(50) < 120 nM) or agonists of high binding affinity (K(i) < 3 nM). In contrast to many important KOR ligands, the compounds presented here are highly modular, readily synthesized and, in most cases, achiral. The four new chemotypes hold promise for further development into chemical tools for studying the KOR or as potential therapeutic lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Michael P. Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shenghua Shi
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David Whipple
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Partha Ghosh
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Frank J. Schoenen
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ying Su
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - S. Vasile
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wilson Gray
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Santosh Hariharan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Loribelle Milan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Susanne Heynen-Genel
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Arianna Mangravita-Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Molecular
Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458,
United States
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United
States
| | - Lawrence S. Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United
States
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Department of Molecular
Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458,
United States
| | - Thomas D. Y. Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized
Chemistry Center, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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11
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Khan PM, Correa RG, Divlianska DB, Peddibhotla S, Sessions EH, Magnuson G, Brown B, Suyama E, Yuan H, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Su Y, Vasile S, Smith LH, Diaz PW, Reed JC, Roth GP. Identification of Inhibitors of NOD1-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:780-785. [PMID: 22003428 PMCID: PMC3193285 DOI: 10.1021/ml200158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1) protein is a member of the NLR (NACHT and leucine rich repeat domain containing proteins) protein family, which plays a key role in innate immunity as a sensor of specific microbial components derived from bacterial peptidoglycans and induction of inflammatory responses. Mutations in NOD proteins have been associated with various inflammatory diseases that affect NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activity, a major signaling pathway involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. A luciferase-based reporter gene assay was utilized in a high-throughput screening program conducted under the NIH-sponsored Molecular Libraries Probe Production Center Network program to identify the active scaffolds. Herein, we report the chemical synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, downstream counterscreens, secondary assay data, and pharmacological profiling of the 2-aminobenzimidazole lead (compound 1c, ML130) as a potent and selective inhibitor of NOD1-induced NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha M. Khan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Daniela B. Divlianska
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - E. Hampton Sessions
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Gavin Magnuson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brock Brown
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Eigo Suyama
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Arianna Mangravita-Novo
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Michael Vicchiarelli
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Ying Su
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan Vasile
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Paul W. Diaz
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John C. Reed
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Gregory P. Roth
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
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12
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Dahl R, Bravo Y, Sharma V, Ichikawa M, Dhanya RP, Hedrick M, Brown B, Rascon J, Vicchiarelli M, Mangravita-Novo A, Yang L, Stonich D, Su Y, Smith LH, Sergienko E, Freeze HH, Cosford NDP. Potent, selective, and orally available benzoisothiazolone phosphomannose isomerase inhibitors as probes for congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3661-8. [PMID: 21539312 DOI: 10.1021/jm101401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery and validation of a series of benzoisothiazolones as potent inhibitors of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI), an enzyme that converts mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P) into fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) and, more importantly, competes with phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) for Man-6-P, diverting this substrate from critical protein glycosylation events. In congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia, PMM2 activity is compromised; thus, PMI inhibition is a potential strategy for the development of therapeutics. High-throughput screening (HTS) and subsequent chemical optimization led to the identification of a novel class of benzoisothiazolones as potent PMI inhibitors having little or no PMM2 inhibition. Two complementary synthetic routes were developed, enabling the critical structural requirements for activity to be determined, and the compounds were subsequently profiled in biochemical and cellular assays to assess efficacy. The most promising compounds were also profiled for bioavailability parameters, including metabolic stability, plasma stability, and permeability. The pharmacokinetic profile of a representative of this series (compound 19; ML089) was also assessed, demonstrating the potential of this series for in vivo efficacy when dosed orally in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Peddibhotla S, Shi R, Khan P, Smith LH, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Su Y, Okolotowicz KJ, Cashman JR, Reed JC, Roth GP. Inhibition of protein kinase C-driven nuclear factor-kappaB activation: synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and pharmacological profiling of pathway specific benzimidazole probe molecules. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4793-7. [PMID: 20481485 PMCID: PMC2887059 DOI: 10.1021/jm1000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A unique series of biologically active chemical probes that selectively inhibit NF-kappaB activation induced by protein kinase C (PKC) pathway activators have been identified through a cell-based phenotypic reporter gene assay. These 2-aminobenzimidazoles represent initial chemical tools to be used in gaining further understanding on the cellular mechanisms driven by B and T cell antigen receptors. Starting from the founding member of this chemical series 1a (notated in PubChem as CID-2858522), we report the chemical synthesis, SAR studies, and pharmacological profiling of this pathway-selective inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
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14
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Dahl R, Sergienko EA, Su Y, Mostofi YS, Yang L, Simao AM, Narisawa S, Brown B, Mangravita-Novo A, Vicchiarelli M, Smith LH, O'Neill WC, Millán JL, Cosford NDP. Discovery and validation of a series of aryl sulfonamides as selective inhibitors of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). J Med Chem 2009; 52:6919-25. [PMID: 19821572 DOI: 10.1021/jm900383s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization and optimization of drug-like small molecule inhibitors of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme critical for the regulation of extracellular matrix calcification during bone formation and growth. High-throughput screening (HTS) of a small molecule library led to the identification of arylsulfonamides as potent and selective inhibitors of TNAP. Critical structural requirements for activity were determined, and the compounds were subsequently profiled for in vitro activity and bioavailability parameters including metabolic stability and permeability. The plasma levels following subcutaneous administration of a member of the lead series in rat was determined, demonstrating the potential of these TNAP inhibitors as systemically active therapeutic agents to target various diseases involving soft tissue calcification. A representative member of the series was also characterized in mechanistic and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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