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Ling AL, Solomon IH, Landivar AM, Nakashima H, Woods JK, Santos A, Masud N, Fell G, Mo X, Yilmaz AS, Grant J, Zhang A, Bernstock JD, Torio E, Ito H, Liu J, Shono N, Nowicki MO, Triggs D, Halloran P, Piranlioglu R, Soni H, Stopa B, Bi WL, Peruzzi P, Chen E, Malinowski SW, Prabhu MC, Zeng Y, Carlisle A, Rodig SJ, Wen PY, Lee EQ, Nayak L, Chukwueke U, Gonzalez Castro LN, Dumont SD, Batchelor T, Kittelberger K, Tikhonova E, Miheecheva N, Tabakov D, Shin N, Gorbacheva A, Shumskiy A, Frenkel F, Aguilar-Cordova E, Aguilar LK, Krisky D, Wechuck J, Manzanera A, Matheny C, Tak PP, Barone F, Kovarsky D, Tirosh I, Suvà ML, Wucherpfennig KW, Ligon K, Reardon DA, Chiocca EA. Clinical trial links oncolytic immunoactivation to survival in glioblastoma. Nature 2023; 623:157-166. [PMID: 37853118 PMCID: PMC10620094 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy failures can result from the highly suppressive tumour microenvironment that characterizes aggressive forms of cancer such as recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM)1,2. Here we report the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in 41 patients with rGBM who were injected with CAN-3110-an oncolytic herpes virus (oHSV)3. In contrast to other clinical oHSVs, CAN-3110 retains the viral neurovirulence ICP34.5 gene transcribed by a nestin promoter; nestin is overexpressed in GBM and other invasive tumours, but not in the adult brain or healthy differentiated tissue4. These modifications confer CAN-3110 with preferential tumour replication. No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. Positive HSV1 serology was significantly associated with both improved survival and clearance of CAN-3110 from injected tumours. Survival after treatment, particularly in individuals seropositive for HSV1, was significantly associated with (1) changes in tumour/PBMC T cell counts and clonal diversity, (2) peripheral expansion/contraction of specific T cell clonotypes; and (3) tumour transcriptomic signatures of immune activation. These results provide human validation that intralesional oHSV treatment enhances anticancer immune responses even in immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments, particularly in individuals with cognate serology to the injected virus. This provides a biological rationale for use of this oncolytic modality in cancers that are otherwise unresponsive to immunotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03152318 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Ling
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac H Solomon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Montalvo Landivar
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared K Woods
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Santos
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nafisa Masud
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Fell
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ayse S Yilmaz
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James Grant
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Zhang
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erickson Torio
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hirotaka Ito
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Shono
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Triggs
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Halloran
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanshu Soni
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Stopa
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Chen
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth W Malinowski
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Prabhu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Carlisle
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eudocia Quant Lee
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ugonma Chukwueke
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney D Dumont
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tracy Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Kovarsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Medical Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Medical Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Koch MS, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Hoetker MS, Herbert ZT, Barone F, Tak PP, Chiocca EA, Tabatabai G, Lawler SE. Uncovering transcriptomic landscape alterations of CAN-2409 in in vitro and in vivo glioma models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1140352. [PMID: 37228396 PMCID: PMC10203593 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1140352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale CAN-2409 is a locally delivered oncolytic therapy, which results in vaccination against the injected tumor. CAN-2409 consists of a non-replicating adenovirus armed with the Herpes virus thymidine kinase, which metabolizes ganciclovir into a phosphorylated nucleotide that is incorporated into the tumor cell's genome, thereby inflicting immunogenic cancer cell death. While CAN-2409's immunological impact has been well characterized, its effects on the tumor cells transcriptome remains unknown. We compared the transcriptomic landscape after treatment of glioblastoma models with CAN-2409 in vitro and in vivo to assess how the interplay with the tumor microenvironment influences CAN-2409-mediated transcriptome alterations. Methods We performed RNA-Seq with CAN-2409 treated patient-derived glioma stem-like cells and tumors of C57/BL6 mice and compared KEGG pathway usage and differential gene expression focusing on immune cell and cytokine profiles. T-cell -killing assays were performed to assess candidate effectors. Results PCA analysis showed distinct clustering of control and CAN-2409 samples under both conditions. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment for p53 signaling and cell cycle pathway, with similar dynamics for key regulators of both pathways in vitro and in vivo, including MYC, CCNB1, PLK1 and CDC20. Selected alterations (PLK1 and CCNB1) were validated at the protein level. Cytokine expression analysis revealed upregulation of pro-inflammatory IL12a under both conditions; immune cell gene profiling showed reduction of myeloid associated genes. T-cell-killing assays showed increased killing in the presence of IL-12. Conclusion CAN-2409 significantly alters the transcriptome both in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of pathway enrichment revealed mutual and differential utilization of pathways under both conditions, suggesting a modulating influence on the cell cycle in tumor cells, and of the tumor microenvironment on the transcriptome in vivo. IL-12 synthesis likely depends on interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and it facilitates CAN-2409 cell killing. This dataset provides potential to understand resistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin S. Koch
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael S. Hoetker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Paul P. Tak
- Candel Therapeutics, Needham, MA, United States
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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3
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Koch MS, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Griffith AM, Aguilar-Cordova E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Barone F, Tak PP, Schregel K, Hoetker MS, Lederer JA, Chiocca EA, Tabatabai G, Lawler SE. Perturbing DDR signaling enhances cytotoxic effects of local oncolytic virotherapy and modulates the immune environment in glioma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:275-288. [PMID: 36032633 PMCID: PMC9391522 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CAN-2409 is a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (tk) currently in clinical trials for treatment of glioblastoma. The expression of tk in transduced cancer cells results in conversion of the pro-drug ganciclovir into a toxic metabolite causing DNA damage, inducing immunogenic cell death and immune activation. We hypothesize that CAN-2409 combined with DNA-damage-response inhibitors could amplify tumor cell death, resulting in an improved response. We investigated the effects of ATR inhibitor AZD6738 in combination with CAN-2409 in vitro using cytotoxicity, cytokine, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assays in glioma cell lines and in vivo with an orthotopic syngeneic murine glioma model. Tumor immune infiltrates were analyzed by cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). In vitro, we observed a significant increase in the DNA-damage marker γH2AX and decreased expression of PD-L1, pro-tumorigenic cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-4), and ligand NKG2D after combination treatment compared with monotherapy or control. In vivo, long-term survival was increased after combination treatment (66.7%) compared with CAN-2409 (50%) and control. In a tumor re-challenge, long-term immunity after combination treatment was not improved. Our results suggest that ATR inhibition could amplify CAN-2409's efficacy in glioblastoma through increased DNA damage while having complex immunological ramifications, warranting further studies to determine the ideal conditions for maximized therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin S. Koch
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alec M. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Laura K. Aguilar
- Candel Therapeutics, 117 Kendrick St, Suite 450, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Brian W. Guzik
- Candel Therapeutics, 117 Kendrick St, Suite 450, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Francesca Barone
- Candel Therapeutics, 117 Kendrick St, Suite 450, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Paul Peter Tak
- Candel Therapeutics, 117 Kendrick St, Suite 450, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Katharina Schregel
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael S. Hoetker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institut for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Berger G, Knelson EH, Jimenez-Macias JL, Nowicki MO, Han S, Panagioti E, Lizotte PH, Adu-Berchie K, Stafford A, Dimitrakakis N, Zhou L, Chiocca EA, Mooney DJ, Barbie DA, Lawler SE. STING activation promotes robust immune response and NK cell-mediated tumor regression in glioblastoma models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111003119. [PMID: 35787058 PMCID: PMC9282249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has had a tremendous impact on cancer treatment in the past decade, with hitherto unseen responses at advanced and metastatic stages of the disease. However, the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is highly immunosuppressive and remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic approaches. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA sensing pathway has emerged as a next-generation immunotherapy target with potent local immune stimulatory properties. Here, we investigated the status of the STING pathway in GBM and the modulation of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) with the STING agonist ADU-S100. Our data reveal the presence of STING in human GBM specimens, where it stains strongly in the tumor vasculature. We show that human GBM explants can respond to STING agonist treatment by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In murine GBM models, we show a profound shift in the tumor immune landscape after STING agonist treatment, with massive infiltration of the tumor-bearing hemisphere with innate immune cells including inflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) populations. Treatment of established murine intracranial GL261 and CT-2A tumors by biodegradable ADU-S100-loaded intracranial implants demonstrated a significant increase in survival in both models and long-term survival with immune memory in GL261. Responses to treatment were abolished by NK cell depletion. This study reveals therapeutic potential and deep remodeling of the TME by STING activation in GBM and warrants further examination of STING agonists alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, NK therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jorge L. Jimenez-Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Saemi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick H. Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Human Tumor Profiling Group, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Alexander Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nikolaos Dimitrakakis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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5
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Koch MS, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Griffith AM, Aguilar E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Barone F, Tak PP, Tabatabai G, Lederer JA, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. Systemic high-dose dexamethasone treatment may modulate the efficacy of intratumoral viral oncolytic immunotherapy in glioblastoma models. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003368. [PMID: 35017150 PMCID: PMC8753448 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intratumoral viral oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising new approach for the treatment of a variety of solid cancers. CAN-2409 is a replication-deficient adenovirus that delivers herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase to cancer cells, resulting in local conversion of ganciclovir or valacyclovir into a toxic metabolite. This leads to highly immunogenic cell death, followed by a local immune response against a variety of cancer neoantigens and, next, a systemic immune response against the injected tumor and uninjected distant metastases. CAN-2409 treatment has shown promising results in clinical studies in glioblastoma (GBM). Patients with GBM are usually given the corticosteroid dexamethasone to manage edema. Previous work has suggested that concurrent dexamethasone therapy may have a negative effect in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with GBM. However, the effects of dexamethasone on the efficacy of CAN-2409 treatment have not been explored. Methods In vitro experiments included cell viability and neurosphere T-cell killing assays. Effects of dexamethasone on CAN-2409 in vivo were examined using a syngeneic murine GBM model; survival was assessed according to Kaplan-Meier; analyses of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were performed with mass cytometry (CyTOF - cytometry by time-of-flight). Data were analyzed using a general linear model, with one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s multiple comparison test or statistical significance analysis of microarrays. Results In a mouse model of GBM, we found that high doses of dexamethasone combined with CAN-2409 led to significantly reduced median survival (29.0 days) compared with CAN-2409 treatment alone (39.5 days). CyTOF analyses of tumor-infiltrating immune cells demonstrated potent immune stimulation induced by CAN-2409 treatment. These effects were diminished when high-dose dexamethasone was used. Functional immune cell characterization suggested increased immune cell exhaustion and tumor promoting profiles after dexamethasone treatment. Conclusion Our data suggest that concurrent high-dose dexamethasone treatment may impair the efficacy of oncolytic viral immunotherapy of GBM, supporting the notion that dexamethasone use should be balanced between symptom control and impact on the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin S Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alec M Griffith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul P Tak
- Candel Therapeutics, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James A Lederer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Marloye M, Inam H, Moore CJ, Mertens TR, Ingels A, Koch M, Nowicki MO, Mathieu V, Pritchard JR, Awuah SG, Lawler SE, Meyer F, Dufrasne F, Berger G. Self-assembled ruthenium and osmium nanosystems display a potent anticancer profile by interfering with metabolic activity. Inorg Chem Front 2022; 9:2594-2607. [PMID: 36311556 PMCID: PMC9610622 DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic ruthenium and osmium complexes auto-assemble to nanosystems that poison mitochondria and show highly promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Marloye
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haider Inam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Connor J. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tyler R. Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aude Ingels
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marilin Koch
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center (UCRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justin R. Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Ketchen SE, Gamboa-Esteves FO, Lawler SE, Nowicki MO, Rohwedder A, Knipp S, Prior S, Short SC, Ladbury JE, Brüning-Richardson A. Drug Resistance in Glioma Cells Induced by a Mesenchymal-Amoeboid Migratory Switch. Biomedicines 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 35052688 PMCID: PMC8773151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion is a precondition for tumour metastasis and represents one of the most devastating characteristics of cancer. The development of drugs targeting cell migration, known as migrastatics, may improve the treatment of highly invasive tumours such as glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, investigations into the role of the cell adhesion protein Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1, also known as CYR61) in GBM cell migration uncovered a drug resistance mechanism adopted by cells when treated with the small molecule inhibitor CCG-1423. This inhibitor binds to importin α/β inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional co-activator MKL1, thus preventing downstream effects including migration. Despite this reported role as an inhibitor of cell migration, we found that CCG-1423 treatment did not inhibit GBM cell migration. However, we could observe cells now migrating by mesenchymal-amoeboid transition (MAT). Furthermore, we present evidence that CCN1 plays a critical role in the progression of GBM with increased expression in higher-grade tumours and matched blood samples. These findings support a potential role for CCN1 as a biomarker for the monitoring and potentially early prediction of GBM recurrence, therefore as such could help to improve treatment of and increase survival rates of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Ketchen
- Light Laboratories, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.E.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Filomena O. Gamboa-Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (F.O.G.-E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Brown University Cancer Center, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Arndt Rohwedder
- Light Laboratories, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.E.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Sabine Knipp
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sally Prior
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan C. Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (F.O.G.-E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - John E. Ladbury
- Light Laboratories, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.E.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Anke Brüning-Richardson
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.K.); (S.P.)
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8
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Krenzlin H, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Finkelberg T, Keric N, Lemmermann N, Skubal M, Chiocca EA, Cook CH, Lawler SE. Cytomegalovirus infection of glioblastoma cells leads to NF-κB dependent upregulation of the c-MET oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Cancer Lett 2021; 513:26-35. [PMID: 33989707 PMCID: PMC8209659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widespread in humans and has been implicated in glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors. However, the role of CMV in GBM remains poorly understood and the mechanisms involved are not well-defined. The goal of this study was to identify candidate pathways relevant to GBM that may be modulated by CMV. Analysis of RNAseq data after CMV infection of patient-derived GBM cells showed significant upregulation of GBM-associated transcripts including the MET oncogene, which is known to play a role in a subset of GBM patients. These findings were validated in vitro in both mouse and human GBM cells. Using immunostaining and RT-PCR in vivo, we confirmed c-MET upregulation in a mouse model of CMV-driven GBM progression and in human GBM. siRNA knockdown showed that MET upregulation was dependent on CMV-induced upregulation of NF-κB signaling. Finally, proneural GBM xenografts overexpressing c-MET grew much faster in vivo than controls, suggesting a mechanism by which CMV infection of tumor cells could induce a more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype. These studies implicate the CMV-induced upregulation of c-MET as a potential mechanism involved in the effects of CMV on GBM growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Krenzlin
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mainz, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomer Finkelberg
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naureen Keric
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mainz, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niels Lemmermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Mainz, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Cook
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Lawler SE, Nowicki MO, Ricklefs FL, Chiocca EA. Immune Escape Mediated by Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer. Adv Biosyst 2020; 4:e2000017. [PMID: 32383351 PMCID: PMC7968115 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now well established as important mediators of intercellular communication. EVs constitute a diverse group of secreted vesicles which function by the delivery of protein and nucleic acid cargoes from donor to recipient cells. In cancer, tumor cell-derived EVs are shown to promote disease progression by facilitating local reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. EVs also have more distant systemic effects via transport in biofluids, and therefore have great potential as biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Recently, the discovery that EVs derived from glioblastoma cells can mediate immunosuppression by activation of immune checkpoint signaling and T cell dysfunction was reported. Mechanistically we showed that this occurs via direct binding of PD-L1 secreted in EVs, to its receptor PD1 expressed on the surface of activated T cells. This previously unidentified mechanism of tumor immunosuppression has been confirmed in subsequent independent studies, which have demonstrated the biologic importance of this mechanism across multiple tumor types. These studies have established a new and significant paradigm in which PD-L1 containing tumor cell-derived EVs cause immune suppression by the direct engagement of PD1 on T cells, decreasing their activation and providing a further barrier to protect tumors from T cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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10
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Schregel K, Nowicki MO, Palotai M, Nazari N, Zane R, Sinkus R, Lawler SE, Patz S. Magnetic Resonance Elastography reveals effects of anti-angiogenic glioblastoma treatment on tumor stiffness and captures progression in an orthotopic mouse model. Cancer Imaging 2020; 20:35. [PMID: 32398076 PMCID: PMC7218549 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-020-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-angiogenic treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) complicates radiologic monitoring. We evaluated magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as an imaging tool for monitoring the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment of GBM. Methods Longitudinal studies were performed in an orthotopic GBM xenograft mouse model. Animals treated with B20 anti-VEGF antibody were compared to untreated controls regarding survival (n = 13), classical MRI-contrasts and biomechanics as quantified via MRE (n = 15). Imaging was performed on a 7 T small animal horizontal bore MRI scanner. MRI and MRE parameters were compared to histopathology. Results Anti-VEGF-treated animals survived longer than untreated controls (p = 0.0011) with progressively increased tumor volume in controls (p = 0.0001). MRE parameters viscoelasticity |G*| and phase angle Y significantly decreased in controls (p = 0.02 for |G*| and p = 0.0071 for Y). This indicates that untreated tumors became softer and more elastic than viscous with progression. Tumor volume in treated animals increased more slowly than in controls, indicating efficacy of the therapy, reaching significance only at the last time point (p = 0.02). Viscoelasticity and phase angle Y tended to decrease throughout therapy, similar as for control animals. However, in treated animals, the decrease in phase angle Y was significantly attenuated and reached statistical significance at the last time point (p = 0.04). Histopathologically, control tumors were larger and more heterogeneous than treated tumors. Vasculature was normalized in treated tumors compared with controls, which showed abnormal vasculature and necrosis. In treated tumors, a higher amount of myelin was observed within the tumor area (p = 0.03), likely due to increased tumor invasion. Stiffness of the contralateral hemisphere was influenced by tumor mass effect and edema. Conclusions Anti-angiogenic GBM treatment prolonged animal survival, slowed tumor growth and softening, but did not prevent progression. MRE detected treatment effects on tumor stiffness; the decrease of viscoelasticity and phase angle in GBM was attenuated in treated animals, which might be explained by normalized vasculature and greater myelin preservation within treated tumors. Thus, further investigation of MRE is warranted to understand the potential for MRE in monitoring treatment in GBM patients by complementing existing MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schregel
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miklos Palotai
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navid Nazari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Zane
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Samuel Patz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Smalley M, Kapoor V, Best D, Passaro C, Nowicki MO, Saha SK, Prasad K, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE, Goldman A. Abstract 5009: Translational efficacy of oncolytic HSV-1 in glioblastoma using a human autologous ex vivo platform, CANscript™. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses (OV) have been a topic of great interest as therapeutic agents for indications such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), where current treatment options are poor and limited. Alongside engineering these viruses, finding useful pre-clinical models to elucidate the efficacy of the OV has been challenging. In particular, these viruses have been developed to overcome immune resistance, allowing for the reinvigoration of the immune contexture in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Current pre-clinical models, such as mouse models, are limited in their ability to recapitulate the TME fully. Thus, there is a need for more relevant pre-clinical models to study the efficacy of OV and downstream effects in the TME.
Methods: rQNestin34.5v.1 herpes simplex virus (rQNestin) has previously been investigated in both in vitro and in vivo studies of GBM. To assimilate the effects of rQNestin on the TME, a more humanized system was employed; CANscriptTM. CANscript is an ex vivo human tumor model, that recapitulates the native, patient-autologous TME, incorporating autologous patient-derived peripheral blood mononucleated cells. We treated GBM tissue (n=10) with rQNestin, capable of expressing GFP, and profiled GFP expression as a proxy for replication efficiency. We coupled this analysis with gene expression of immune-related pathways to gauge the modulation of the immune contexture by rQNestin. In addition, we performed multiplex cytokine analysis and multiplex immunohistochemistry to investigate the impact of rQNestin on the spatial context and activity of the immune compartment in the TME, ex vivo.
Results: Immunohistochemistry established that viral replication and tissue penetration was observed, ex vivo. Furthermore, RNA transcriptional profiling and cytokine analysis revealed that the oHSV-1 was capable of dynamically altering the tumor microenvironment, and dysregulating immune subsets within the tumor. Further stratification of tumor samples based on the pharmacodynamic profile identified subsets of patient tumors that induce adaptive immunity.
Concluding remarks: Here, we report that CANscript, an ex vivo human tumor model, can be used to evaluate the effects of OV in the TME - not only viral replication but also the direct effect on the immune compartment. CANscript will be an invaluable tool to investigate the response and resistance to OV. This platform has the potential to enable better pre-clinical modeling of OV development.
Citation Format: Munisha Smalley, Vidushi Kapoor, Douglas Best, Carmela Passaro, Michal O. Nowicki, Suniti K. Saha, Komal Prasad, E. Antonio Chiocca, Sean E. Lawler, Aaron Goldman. Translational efficacy of oncolytic HSV-1 in glioblastoma using a human autologous ex vivo platform, CANscript™ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suniti K. Saha
- 3IRIS Multispeciality Hospital, Ganguly Bagan, Kolkata, India
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12
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Abdelmoula WM, Regan MS, Lopez BGC, Randall EC, Lawler S, Mladek AC, Nowicki MO, Marin BM, Agar JN, Swanson KR, Kapur T, Sarkaria JN, Wells W, Agar NYR. Automatic 3D Nonlinear Registration of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6206-6216. [PMID: 30932478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal integration between mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and radiology-established modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would allow the investigations of key questions in complex biological systems such as the central nervous system. Such integration would provide complementary multiscale data to bridge the gap between molecular and anatomical phenotypes, potentially revealing new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying anatomical pathologies presented on MRI. Automatic coregistration between 3D MSI/MRI is a computationally challenging process due to dimensional complexity, MSI data sparsity, lack of direct spatial-correspondences, and nonlinear tissue deformation. Here, we present a new computational approach based on stochastic neighbor embedding to nonlinearly align 3D MSI to MRI data, identify and reconstruct biologically relevant molecular patterns in 3D, and fuse the MSI datacube to the MRI space. We demonstrate our method using multimodal high-spectral resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) 9.4 T MSI and 7 T in vivo MRI data, acquired from a patient-derived, xenograft mouse brain model of glioblastoma following administration of the EGFR inhibitor drug of Erlotinib. Results show the distribution of some identified molecular ions of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, a phosphatidylcholine lipid, and cholesterol, which were reconstructed in 3D and mapped to the MRI space. The registration quality was evaluated on two normal mouse brains using the Dice coefficient for the regions of brainstem, hippocampus, and cortex. The method is generic and can therefore be applied to hyperspectral images from different mass spectrometers and integrated with other established in vivo imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Begona G C Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Mayo Clinic , 200 First Street SW , Rochester , Minnesota 55902 , United States
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Bianca M Marin
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Mayo Clinic , 200 First Street SW , Rochester , Minnesota 55902 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 412 TF (140 The Fenway) , Boston , Massachusetts 02111 , United States
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery , Mayo Clinic , 5777 East Mayo Boulevard , Phoenix , Arizona 85054 , United States
| | - Tina Kapur
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Mayo Clinic , 200 First Street SW , Rochester , Minnesota 55902 , United States
| | - William Wells
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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13
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Nowicki MO, Hayes JL, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Proteomic Analysis Implicates Vimentin in Glioblastoma Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040466. [PMID: 30987208 PMCID: PMC6521049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed lithium chloride (LiCl) and other inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) including 6-bromo-indirubin-3-oxime (BIO), can block glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration. To investigate the mechanisms involved we used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins altered after treatment of U251 GBM cells with 20 mM LiCl. Downregulation of the intermediate filament protein vimentin was the most significant change identified. Analysis of patient tumor samples revealed that vimentin is expressed abundantly in GBM, and is prognostic especially in lower grade tumors. Additionally, siRNA-mediated vimentin knockdown impaired GBM migration. Western blotting showed that treatment with LiCl or small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors led to the rapid downregulation of detergent soluble vimentin levels across a panel of GBM-derived cells. Fluorescence reactivation after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy studies showed a significant reduction in the ability of the vimentin cytoskeleton to recover from photo-bleaching in the presence of LiCl or BIO. Biochemical studies revealed that GSK-3 and vimentin directly interact, and analysis of vimentin revealed a GSK-3 consensus phosphorylation site. We conclude that anti-migratory compounds with the ability to inhibit GSK-3 have effects on vimentin cytoskeletal dynamics, which may play a role in their anti-invasive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey W. Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Josie L Hayes
- Harvey W. Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey W. Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey W. Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Krenzlin H, Behera P, Lorenz V, Passaro C, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Grauwet K, Zhang H, Skubal M, Ito H, Zane R, Gutknecht M, Griessl MB, Ricklefs F, Ding L, Peled S, Rooj A, James CD, Cobbs CS, Cook CH, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Cytomegalovirus promotes murine glioblastoma growth via pericyte recruitment and angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1671-1683. [PMID: 30855281 DOI: 10.1172/jci123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated in glioblastoma (GBM); however, a mechanistic connection in vivo has not been established. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of murine CMV (MCMV) on GBM growth in murine models. Syngeneic GBM models were established in mice perinatally infected with MCMV. We found that tumor growth was markedly enhanced in MCMV+ mice, with a significant reduction in overall survival compared with that of controls (P < 0.001). We observed increased angiogenesis and tumor blood flow in MCMV+ mice. MCMV reactivation was observed in intratumoral perivascular pericytes and tumor cells in mouse and human GBM specimens, and pericyte coverage of tumor vasculature was strikingly augmented in MCMV+ mice. We identified PDGF-D as a CMV-induced factor essential for pericyte recruitment, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. The antiviral drug cidofovir improved survival in MCMV+ mice, inhibiting MCMV reactivation, PDGF-D expression, pericyte recruitment, and tumor angiogenesis. These data show that MCMV potentiates GBM growth in vivo by increased pericyte recruitment and angiogenesis due to alterations in the secretome of CMV-infected cells. Our model provides evidence for a role of CMV in GBM growth and supports the application of antiviral approaches for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prajna Behera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Viola Lorenz
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | | | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | | | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Hirotaka Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Rachel Zane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marion B Griessl
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Ding
- Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, NeuroTechnology Studio, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon Peled
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arun Rooj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles S Cobbs
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles H Cook
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sean E Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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15
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Speranza MC, Passaro C, Ricklefs F, Kasai K, Klein SR, Nakashima H, Kaufmann JK, Ahmed AK, Nowicki MO, Obi P, Bronisz A, Aguilar-Cordova E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Breakefield X, Weissleder R, Freeman GJ, Reardon DA, Wen PY, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Preclinical investigation of combined gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:225-235. [PMID: 29016938 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined immunotherapy approaches are promising cancer treatments. We evaluated anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment combined with gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy (GMCI) performed by intratumoral injection of a prodrug metabolizing nonreplicating adenovirus (AdV-tk), providing in situ chemotherapy and immune stimulation. Methods The effects of GMCI on PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in glioblastoma were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of the combination was investigated in 2 syngeneic mouse glioblastoma models (GL261 and CT-2A). Immune infiltrates were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results GMCI upregulated PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Both GMCI and anti-PD-1 increased intratumoral T-cell infiltration. A higher percentage of long-term survivors was observed in mice treated with combined GMCI/anti-PD-1 relative to single treatments. Long-term survivors were protected from tumor rechallenge, demonstrating durable memory antitumor immunity. GMCI led to elevated interferon gamma positive T cells and a lower proportion of exhausted double positive PD1+TIM+CD8+ T cells. GMCI also increased PD-L1 levels on tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages/microglia. Our data suggest that anti-PD-1 treatment improves the effectiveness of GMCI by overcoming interferon-induced PD-L1-mediated inhibitory signals, and GMCI improves anti-PD-1 efficacy by increasing tumor-infiltrating T-cell activation. Conclusions Our data show that the GMCI/anti-PD-1 combination is well tolerated and effective in glioblastoma mouse models. These results support evaluation of this combination in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmela Speranza
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmela Passaro
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazue Kasai
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johanna K Kaufmann
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdul-Kareem Ahmed
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prisca Obi
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura K Aguilar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Advantagene Inc., Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xandra Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Schregel K, Nazari N, Nowicki MO, Palotai M, Lawler SE, Sinkus R, Barbone PE, Patz S. Characterization of glioblastoma in an orthotopic mouse model with magnetic resonance elastography. NMR in Biomedicine 2018; 31:e3840. [PMID: 29193449 PMCID: PMC6538416 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schregel
- Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Institute of Neuroradiology; University Medical Center Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Navid Nazari
- Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Miklos Palotai
- Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- Department of Radiological Imaging, Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division; King's College London; London UK
| | - Paul E. Barbone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - Samuel Patz
- Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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17
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Speranza MC, Nowicki MO, Behera P, Cho CF, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. BKM-120 (Buparlisib): A Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3 Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Invasive Properties in Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20189. [PMID: 26846842 PMCID: PMC4742861 DOI: 10.1038/srep20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive, invasive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). There is a widely acknowledged need for anti-invasive therapeutics to limit glioblastoma invasion. BKM-120 is a CNS-penetrant pan-class I phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in clinical trials for solid tumors, including glioblastoma. We observed that BKM-120 has potent anti-invasive effects in glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived glioma cells in vitro. These anti-migratory effects were clearly distinguishable from cytostatic and cytotoxic effects at higher drug concentrations and longer durations of drug exposure. The effects were reversible and accompanied by changes in cell morphology and pronounced reduction in both cell/cell and cell/substrate adhesion. In vivo studies showed that a short period of treatment with BKM-120 slowed tumor spread in an intracranial xenografts. GDC-0941, a similar potent and selective PI3K inhibitor, only caused a moderate reduction in glioblastoma cell migration. The effects of BKM-120 and GDC-0941 were indistinguishable by in vitro kinase selectivity screening and phospho-protein arrays. BKM-120 reduced the numbers of focal adhesions and the velocity of microtubule treadmilling compared with GDC-0941, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to PI3K inhibition contribute to the anti-invasive effects of BKM-120. Our data suggest the CNS-penetrant PI3K inhibitor BKM-120 may have anti-invasive properties in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmela Speranza
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Prajna Behera
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Choi-Fong Cho
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston MA 02115, USA
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18
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Speranza MC, Nowicki MO, Cho CF, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Abstract LB-B19: BKM-120: a phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor with anti-migratory properties in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-lb-b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common glial brain tumor and is also one of the most lethal human cancers: patients have a median survival of 15 months with a five-year survival rate of only 3%. The current standard-of-care has remained the same for the last decade and consists of maximal safe surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy. GBM cells are highly infiltrative, leading to invasion of normal brain tissue by tumor cells. These invasive tumor cells render GBM a surgically incurable disease and tumor recurrence is almost inevitable, with 90% of patients developing new lesions within 2-3 cm of the original site or at distant sites in the brain. Moreover, invasion may increase further during anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab and no anti-invasive approaches are yet available clinically.
The phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer and is activated in the majority of GBM cases due to constitutive receptor tyrosine kinase activation as well as inactivating mutations/deletions of PTEN (33%) or activating PI3K mutations (17%). In addition PI3K plays a role in cell migration in some cell types and a number of small molecule PI3K inhibitors are under investigation in oncology clinical trials.
BKM-120 (Buparlisib), is a CNS-penetrant selective pan-class I phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in clinical trials for several types of solid tumor, including GBM. We initially observed that BKM-120 is a potent anti-invasive molecule in GBM cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem-like cells in vitro. The anti-migratory effects of BKM-120 were clearly distinguishable from cytostatic and cytotoxic effects that occurred at higher drug concentrations and after a longer duration of drug exposure. The blockade of migration was reversible and accompanied by changes in cell morphology and pronounced reduction in both cell/cell and cell/substrate adhesion. In vivo studies showed that a short period of treatment with BKM-120 slowed tumor spread in an intracranial xenograft model. Mechanistically we found that GDC-0941, a similar potent and selective PI3K inhibitor, only caused a moderate reduction in glioblastoma cell migration. The effects of BKM-120 and GDC-0941 were indistinguishable by in vitro kinase selectivity screening and phospho-protein arrays. However, BKM-120 substantially reduced the numbers of focal adhesions and the velocity of microtubule treadmilling compared with GDC-0941, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to PI3K inhibition may contribute to the anti-invasive effects of BKM-120.
Overall, our data suggest that the CNS-penetrant PI3K inhibitor BKM-120 may be a useful anti-migratory drug for the treatment of highly invasive tumors such as glioblastoma.
Citation Format: Maria Carmela Speranza, Michal O. Nowicki, Choi-Fong Cho, E. Antonio Chiocca, Sean E. Lawler. BKM-120: a phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor with anti-migratory properties in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Choi-Fong Cho
- Harvard Medical School - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvard Medical School - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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19
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Berghauser Pont LME, Balvers R, Kloezeman J, Nowicki MO, Kremer A, Chiocca EA, Leenstra S, Dirven CMF, Lawler S, Lamfers MLM. Abstract 299: In vitro compound screening identifies enhancers of adenoviral oncolysis with Delta24-RGD in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor targeted oncolytic adenovirus Delta24-RGD is currently under phase I/II investigation for the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma. Despite encouraging results, the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy still requires improvements due to heterogeneous or poor responses. In this study, we performed a screen of 446 clinically applied drugs to identify those that enhance Delta24-RGD oncolysis in glioblastoma. Cell viability was determined five days post-infection in Delta24-RGD resistant patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell (GSCs) cultures. Potential ‘hits’ were tested for synergistic viral sensitization using the Chou-Talalay method. Effects on viral infection and replication were investigated using Ad-Luc-RGD and Delta24-RGD-GFP viruses, and apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated using caspase-3/7 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Selection based on the efficacy of combination treatment led to the identification of ten drugs as potential Delta24-RGD sensitizers from the initial screen. Further analysis of effects on viral replication, synergistic interactions and ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier narrowed this down to four remaining compounds, fluphenazine, indirubin, lofepramine and ranolazine. These four agents increased caspase-3/7 activity and fluphenazine also increased LDH levels in combination with Delta24-RGD. Fluphenazine, indirubin, lofepramine and ranolazine sensitized 12/12, 11/12, 9/12 and 11/12 distinct GSC cultures to Delta24-RGD, respectively. In conclusion, a clinical compound screen on glioblastoma stem cells in combination with in vitro mechanistic studies, revealed four highly effective compounds that sensitize GSCs to Delta24-RGD oncolytic therapy.
Citation Format: Lotte ME Berghauser Pont, Rutger Balvers, Jenneke Kloezeman, Michal O. Nowicki, Andreas Kremer, E. Antonio Chiocca, Sieger Leenstra, Clemens MF Dirven, Sean Lawler, Martine LM Lamfers. In vitro compound screening identifies enhancers of adenoviral oncolysis with Delta24-RGD in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 299. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-299
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20
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Berghauser Pont LME, Balvers RK, Kloezeman JJ, Nowicki MO, van den Bossche W, Kremer A, Wakimoto H, van den Hoogen BG, Leenstra S, Dirven CMF, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE, Lamfers MLM. In vitro screening of clinical drugs identifies sensitizers of oncolytic viral therapy in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Gene Ther 2015. [PMID: 26196249 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) have broad potential as an adjuvant for the treatment of solid tumors. The present study addresses the feasibility of clinically applicable drugs to enhance the oncolytic potential of the OV Delta24-RGD in glioblastoma. In total, 446 drugs were screened for their viral sensitizing properties in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro. Validation was done for 10 drugs to determine synergy based on the Chou Talalay assay. Mechanistic studies were undertaken to assess viability, replication efficacy, viral infection enhancement and cell death pathway induction in a selected panel of drugs. Four viral sensitizers (fluphenazine, indirubin, lofepramine and ranolazine) were demonstrated to reproducibly synergize with Delta24-RGD in multiple assays. After validation, we underscored general applicability by testing candidate drugs in a broader context of a panel of different GSCs, various solid tumor models and multiple OVs. Overall, this study identified four viral sensitizers, which synergize with Delta24-RGD and two other strains of OVs. The viral sensitizers interact with infection, replication and cell death pathways to enhance efficacy of the OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M E Berghauser Pont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R K Balvers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Kloezeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W van den Bossche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kremer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - C M F Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Stoklosa T, Slupianek A, Datta M, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Nowicki MO, Koptyra M, Skorski T. BCR/ABL Recruits p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein to Induce Drug Resistance. Cell Cycle 2014; 3:1463-72. [PMID: 15492510 DOI: 10.4161/cc.3.11.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors expressing the ABL oncoproteins (BCR/ABL, TEL/ABL, v-ABL) can avoid apoptosis triggered by DNA damaging agents. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is an important activator of apoptosis in normal cells; conversely its functional loss may cause drug resistance. The ABL oncoprotein-p53 paradigm represents the relationship between an oncogenic tyrosine kinase and a tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that BCR/ABL oncoproteins employ p53 to induce resistance to DNA damage in myeloid leukemia cells. Cells transformed by the ABL oncoproteins displayed accumulation of p53 upon DNA damage. In contrast, only a modest increase of p53 expression followed by activation of caspase-3 were detected in normal cells expressing endogenous c-ABL. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-like protein kinases (ATR and also ATM) -dependent phosphorylation of p53-Ser15 residue was associated with the accumulation of p53, and stimulation of p21(Waf-1) and GADD45, resulting in G(2)/M delay in BCR/ABL cells after genotoxic treatment. Inhibition of p53 by siRNA or by the temperature-sensitive mutation reduced G(2)/M accumulation and drug resistance of BCR/ABL cells. In conclusion, accumulation of the p53 protein contributed to prolonged G(2)/M checkpoint activation and drug resistance in myeloid cells expressing the BCR/ABL oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stoklosa
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Section, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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22
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Yan F, Alinari L, Lustberg ME, Martin LK, Cordero-Nieves HM, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Virk S, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bell EH, Wojton J, Jacob NK, Chakravarti A, Nowicki MO, Wu X, Lapalombella R, Datta J, Yu B, Gordon K, Haseley A, Patton JT, Smith PL, Ryu J, Zhang X, Mo X, Marcucci G, Nuovo G, Kwon CH, Byrd JC, Chiocca EA, Li C, Sif S, Jacob S, Lawler S, Kaur B, Baiocchi RA. Genetic validation of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a candidate therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1752-65. [PMID: 24453002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive histologic subtype of brain cancer with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. Here, we report the selective overexpression of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a novel candidate theranostic target in this disease. PRMT5 silences the transcription of regulatory genes by catalyzing symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histone tails. PRMT5 overexpression in patient-derived primary tumors and cell lines correlated with cell line growth rate and inversely with overall patient survival. Genetic attenuation of PRMT5 led to cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and loss of cell migratory activity. Cell death was p53-independent but caspase-dependent and enhanced with temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic agent used as a present standard of care. Global gene profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the tumor suppressor ST7 as a key gene silenced by PRMT5. Diminished ST7 expression was associated with reduced patient survival. PRMT5 attenuation limited PRMT5 recruitment to the ST7 promoter, led to restored expression of ST7 and cell growth inhibition. Finally, PRMT5 attenuation enhanced glioblastoma cell survival in a mouse xenograft model of aggressive glioblastoma. Together, our findings defined PRMT5 as a candidate prognostic factor and therapeutic target in glioblastoma, offering a preclinical justification for targeting PRMT5-driven oncogenic pathways in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Yan
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine; Departments of Neurosurgery; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Chemical Engineering; Statistics; Pathology; Radiation Oncology; and College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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23
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Price RL, Song J, Bingmer K, Kim TH, Yi JY, Nowicki MO, Mo X, Hollon T, Murnan E, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Fernandez S, Kaur B, Rivera A, Oglesbee M, Cook C, Chiocca EA, Kwon CH. Cytomegalovirus contributes to glioblastoma in the context of tumor suppressor mutations. Cancer Res 2014; 73:3441-50. [PMID: 23729642 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To study the controversial role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in glioblastoma, we assessed the effects of murine CMV (MCMV) perinatal infection in a GFAP-cre; Nf1(loxP/+); Trp53(-/+) genetic mouse model of glioma (Mut3 mice). Early on after infection, MCMV antigen was predominantly localized in CD45+ lymphocytes in the brain with active viral replication and local areas of inflammation, but, by 7 weeks, there was a generalized loss of MCMV in brain, confirmed by bioluminescent imaging. MCMV-infected Mut3 mice exhibited a shorter survival time from their gliomas than control Mut3 mice perinatally infected with mock or with a different neurotropic virus. Animal survival was also significantly shortened when orthotopic gliomas were implanted in mice perinatally infected with MCMV versus controls. MCMV infection increased phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) levels in neural stem cells (NSC) harvested from Mut3 mice subventricular zone, and, in vivo, there was increased p-STAT3 in NSCs in MCMV-infected compared with control mice. Of relevance, human CMV (HCMV) also increased p-STAT3 and proliferation of patient-derived glioblastoma neurospheres, whereas a STAT3 inhibitor reversed this effect in vitro and in vivo. These findings thus associate CMV infection to a STAT3-dependent modulatory role in glioma formation/progression in the context of tumor suppressor mutations in mice and possibly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Price
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Dardinger Neuro-oncology Center, Solid Tumor Program at the James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Biostatistics, Departments of Pathology, Veterinary Biosciences, and Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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24
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Bronisz A, Wang Y, Nowicki MO, Peruzzi P, Ansari K, Ogawa D, Balaj L, De Rienzo G, Mineo M, Nakano I, Ostrowski MC, Hochberg F, Weissleder R, Lawler SE, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J. Extracellular vesicles modulate the glioblastoma microenvironment via a tumor suppression signaling network directed by miR-1. Cancer Res 2013; 74:738-750. [PMID: 24310399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer, including by conveying tumor-promoting microRNAs between cells, but their regulation is poorly understood. In this study, we report the findings of a comparative microRNA profiling and functional analysis in human glioblastoma that identifies miR-1 as an orchestrator of extracellular vesicle function and glioblastoma growth and invasion. Ectopic expression of miR-1 in glioblastoma cells blocked in vivo growth, neovascularization, and invasiveness. These effects were associated with a role for miR-1 in intercellular communication in the microenvironment mediated by extracellular vesicles released by cancer stem-like glioblastoma cells. An extracellular vesicle-dependent phenotype defined by glioblastoma invasion, neurosphere growth, and endothelial tube formation was mitigated by loading miR-1 into glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles was characterized to learn how miR-1 directed extracellular vesicle function. The mRNA encoding Annexin A2 (ANXA2), one of the most abundant proteins in glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles, was found to be a direct target of miR-1 control. In addition, extracellular vesicle-derived miR-1 along with other ANXA2 extracellular vesicle networking partners targeted multiple pro-oncogenic signals in cells within the glioblastoma microenvironment. Together, our results showed how extracellular vesicle signaling promotes the malignant character of glioblastoma and how ectopic expression of miR-1 can mitigate this character, with possible implications for how to develop a unique miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Khairul Ansari
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Gianluca De Rienzo
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marco Mineo
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fred Hochberg
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Lawler SE, Nowicki MO, Chiocca EA. Abstract B167: Targeting glioblastoma invasion with GSK-3 inhibitors: Rapid effects on vimentin dynamics. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-b167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion of surrounding normal brain remains a formidable obstacle to the effective treatment of the lethal brain tumor glioblastoma. Moreover, invasion may be enhanced by radiation and bevacizumab, which are important clinical agents in glioblastoma treatment. At present there are no agents available clinically that specifically target the invading tumor cell population. We previously identified that small molecule inhibitors of the protein kinase GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3), are able to specifically block glioblastoma invasion in vitro and in vivo, where they also prolong survival in animal models bearing intracranial invasive orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts.
GSK-3 is a ubiquitous multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in many signaling pathways. To better understand the functions of GSK-3 in glioblastoma we used proteomics and gene/microRNA expression profiling to determine the molecular effects of GSK-3 inhibition in glioblastoma cells with the inhibitors Lithium chloride and 6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime (BIO). This revealed distinct and overlapping effects of each compound, including the expected upregulation of β-catenin targets such as Axin2. Proteomics revealed major changes in the cytoskeleton, with downregulation of the EMT marker vimentin as the most significant alteration. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that functions as an organizer of a number of critical proteins involved in attachment, migration, and cell signaling. The downregulation of vimentin was rapid and due to alterations in its dynamics in response to GSK-3 inhibition. GSK-3 and vimentin were shown to associate with each other in glioblastoma cells, and reduction in phosphorylation of vimentin serine 38 was observed in response to treatment with inhibitors. We showed that vimentin is highly expressed in patient glioblastoma samples and higher levels of vimentin are associated with poorer prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Vimentin knockdown also reduced glioblastoma cell migration. The mechanism of action of GSK-3 inhibition in the context of glioblastoma invasion and the potential of developing a therapeutic strategy based on these observations will be discussed.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B167.
Citation Format: Sean E. Lawler, Michal O. Nowicki, E. Antonio Chiocca. Targeting glioblastoma invasion with GSK-3 inhibitors: Rapid effects on vimentin dynamics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B167.
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Wang Y, Nowicki MO, Wang X, Arnold WD, Fernandez SA, Mo X, Wechuk J, Krisky D, Goss J, Wolfe D, Popovich PG, Lawler S, Chiocca EA. Comparative effectiveness of antinociceptive gene therapies in animal models of diabetic neuropathic pain. Gene Ther 2013; 20:742-50. [PMID: 23235561 PMCID: PMC5771489 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain is one of the most common and debilitating complications of diabetes. Several genes have been shown to be effective in reducing neuropathic pain in animal models of diabetes after transfer to the dorsal root ganglion using replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV)1-based vectors, yet there has never been a comparative analysis of their efficacy. We compared four different HSV1-based vectors engineered to produce one of two opioid receptor agonists (enkephalin or endomorphin), or one of two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 or GAD67), alone and in combination, in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and mouse models. Our results indicate that a single subcutaneous hindpaw inoculation of vectors expressing GAD65 or GAD67 reduced diabetes-induced mechanical allodynia to a degree that was greater than daily injections of gabapentin in rats. Diabetic mice that developed thermal hyperalgesia also responded to GAD65 or endomorphin gene delivery. The results suggest that either GAD65 or GAD67 vectors are the most effective in the treatment of diabetic pain. The vector combinations, GAD67+endomorphin, GAD67+enkephalin or endomorphin+enkephalin also produced a significant antinociceptive effect but the combination did not appear to be superior to single gene treatment. These findings provide further justification for the clinical development of antinociceptive gene therapies for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MO Nowicki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - WD Arnold
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - SA Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Wechuk
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - D Krisky
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - J Goss
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - D Wolfe
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - PG Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Lawler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - EA Chiocca
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
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Peruzzi P, Bronisz A, Nowicki MO, Wang Y, Ogawa D, Price R, Nakano I, Kwon CH, Hayes J, Lawler SE, Ostrowski MC, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J. MicroRNA-128 coordinately targets Polycomb Repressor Complexes in glioma stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1212-24. [PMID: 23733246 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC) is an epigenetic regulator of transcription whose action is mediated by 2 protein complexes, PRC1 and PRC2. PRC is oncogenic in glioblastoma, where it is involved in cancer stem cell maintenance and radioresistance. METHODS We used a set of glioblastoma patient samples, glioma stem cells, and neural stem cells from a mouse model of glioblastoma. We characterized gene/protein expression and cellular phenotypes by quantitative PCR/Western blotting and clonogenic, cell-cycle, and DNA damage assays. We performed overexpression/knockdown studies by lentiviral infection and microRNA/small interfering RNA oligonucleotide transfection. RESULTS We show that microRNA-128 (miR-128) directly targets mRNA of SUZ12, a key component of PRC2, in addition to BMI1, a component of PRC1 that we previously showed as a target as well. This blocks the partially redundant functions of PRC1/PRC2, thereby significantly reducing PRC activity and its associated histone modifications. MiR-128 and SUZ12/BMI1 show opposite expression in human glioblastomas versus normal brain and in glioma stemlike versus neural stem cells. Furthermore, miR-128 renders glioma stemlike cells less radioresistant by preventing the radiation-induced expression of both PRC components. Finally, miR-128 expression is significantly reduced in neural stem cells from the brain of young, presymptomatic mice in our mouse model of glioblastoma. This suggests that loss of miR-128 expression in brain is an early event in gliomagenesis. Moreover, knockdown of miR-128 expression in nonmalignant mouse and human neural stem cells led to elevated expression of PRC components and increased clonogenicity. CONCLUSIONS MiR-128 is an important suppressor of PRC activity, and its absence is an early event in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Bronisz A, Godlewski J, Wallace JA, Merchant AS, Nowicki MO, Mathsyaraja H, Srinivasan R, Trimboli AJ, Martin CK, Li F, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Pécot T, Rosol TJ, Cory S, Hallett M, Park M, Piper MG, Marsh CB, Yee LD, Jimenez RE, Nuovo G, Lawler SE, Chiocca EA, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment by stromal PTEN-regulated miR-320. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 14:159-67. [PMID: 22179046 PMCID: PMC3271169 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (Pten) in stromal fibroblasts suppresses epithelial mammary tumors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using proteomic and expression profiling, we show that Pten loss from mammary stromal fibroblasts activates an oncogenic secretome that orchestrates the transcriptional reprogramming of other cell types in the microenvironment. Downregulation of miR-320 and upregulation of one of its direct targets, ETS2, are critical events in Pten-deleted stromal fibroblasts responsible for inducing this oncogenic secretome, which in turn promotes tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Expression of the Pten-miR-320-Ets2 regulated secretome distinguished human normal breast stroma from tumor stroma and robustly correlated with recurrence in breast cancer patients. This work reveals miR-320 as a critical component of the Pten tumor suppressor axis that acts in stromal fibroblasts to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and curtail tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bronisz
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Williams SP, Nowicki MO, Liu F, Press R, Godlewski J, Abdel-Rasoul M, Kaur B, Fernandez SA, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Indirubins decrease glioma invasion by blocking migratory phenotypes in both the tumor and stromal endothelial cell compartments. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5374-80. [PMID: 21697283 PMCID: PMC4288480 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasion and proliferation in neoplasia require the cooperation of tumor cell and endothelial compartments. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to signaling pathways that modulate invasion and proliferation. Here we show that GSK-3 inhibitors of the indirubin family reduce invasion of glioma cells and glioma-initiating cell-enriched neurospheres both in vitro and in vivo, and we show that β-catenin signaling plays an important role in mediating these effects. Indirubins improved survival in glioma-bearing mice in which a substantial decrease in blood vessel density was seen in treated animals. In addition, indirubins blocked migration of endothelial cells, suggesting that anti-invasive glioma therapy with GSK-3 inhibitors in vivo not only inhibits invasion of tumor cells, but blocks migration of endothelial cells, which is also required for tumor angiogenesis. Overall, our findings suggest that indirubin inhibition of GSK-3 offers a novel treatment paradigm to target 2 of the most important interacting cellular compartments in heterotypic models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanté P. Williams
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Fang Liu
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rachael Press
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Balveen Kaur
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center
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De Jesus J, Agudelo PA, Williams S, Nowicki MO, Li PK, Chiocca EA, Johnson J, Lannutti JJ, Lawler SE, Viapiano M. Abstract 1433: Analysis of tumor cell migration on electrospun nanofibers identifies STAT3 as a pro-migratory target in gliomas. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A hallmark of malignant gliomas is their ability to disperse through neural tissue, leading to the long-term failure of all current therapies. Current assays to study glioma migration follow models developed for epithelial cancers. However, glioma cells disperse preferentially along unique anatomical pathways in the CNS, such as parallel white matter fibers, and do not exhibit the invasive behavior of epithelial tumors through basal laminae. Thus, the goal of this work was to devise a culture system reproducing the texture of neural tissue, to more accurately analyze and target mechanisms of migration of glioma cells. Biocompatible poly-∈-caprolactone was electrospun onto culture dishes to form nanofiber-based scaffolds composed of either randomly organized or tightly aligned submicron-diameter fibers, which were then coated with different ECM substrates. Human glioma cells were cultured in suspension to form aggregates, stained with membrane-permeant dyes, and analyzed for migration on nanofibers over a 24h-period. Cells cultured on random fibers exhibited morphology and migration similar to cells cultured on conventional plastic surfaces. In contrast, cells grown on aligned fibers retained an elongated morphology and moved along the fiber axis in a manner similar to glioma cells moving along white matter. Cell migration along fibers was sensitive to the myosin-II inhibitor blebbistatin, as previously described in neural tissue, but the same cells were not affected by blebbistatin when cultured on plastic or random fibers. Microarray analysis of cells migrating on aligned versus random fibers suggest an increase of STAT3 signaling with enhanced cell migration. Accordingly, phosphorylated STAT3 was increased in cells cultured on aligned compared to random fibers. Moreover, cell migration along the fiber axis was significantly inhibited by two STAT3 inhibitors, STATTIC and the OSU-produced inhibitor LLL12, at concentrations that did not affect cell viability over 48h. To test this assay in a clinically-relevant situation, glioma cells were implanted intracranially to form tumors for two weeks, followed by resection of tumors with adjacent normal tissue. Tissue pieces containing tumor masses were placed on the fibers at different days post-resection and analyzed for motility. Outward motility of tumor cells from the tissue was evident after 24h and was also inhibited by STATTIC. In sum, the nanofiber-based culture offers significant advantages of a well-defined in vitro system that reproduces morphology and migratory behavior observed in glioma cells in vivo. Migratory cells cultured in this model can be interrogated for gene and protein expression, and cells or tissue specimens can be tested to identify anti-migratory treatments not disclosed by other in vitro models.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1433
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shante Williams
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Pui K. Li
- 4Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH
| | - Ennio A. Chiocca
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | | | - John J. Lannutti
- 5Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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Slupianek A, Poplawski T, Jozwiakowski SK, Cramer K, Pytel D, Stoczynska E, Nowicki MO, Blasiak J, Skorski T. BCR/ABL stimulates WRN to promote survival and genomic instability. Cancer Res 2010; 71:842-51. [PMID: 21123451 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BCR/ABL-transformed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells accumulate numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and genotoxic agents. To repair these lesions BCR/ABL stimulate unfaithful DSB repair pathways, homologous recombination repair (HRR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). Here, we show that BCR/ABL enhances the expression and increase nuclear localization of WRN (mutated in Werner syndrome), which is required for processing DSB ends during the repair. Other fusion tyrosine kinases (FTK), such as TEL/ABL, TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFβR, and NPM/ALK also elevate WRN. BCR/ABL induces WRN mRNA and protein expression in part by c-MYC-mediated activation of transcription and Bcl-xL-dependent inhibition of caspase-dependent cleavage, respectively. WRN is in complex with BCR/ABL resulting in WRN tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of its helicase and exonuclease activities. Activated WRN protects BCR/ABL-positive cells from the lethal effect of oxidative and genotoxic stresses, which causes DSBs. In addition, WRN promotes unfaithful recombination-dependent repair mechanisms HRR and SSA, and enhances the loss of DNA bases during NHEJ in leukemia cells. In summary, we postulate that BCR/ABL-mediated stimulation of WRN modulates the efficiency and fidelity of major DSB repair mechanisms to protect leukemia cells from apoptosis and to facilitate genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Slupianek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Estrada-Bernal A, Lawler SE, Nowicki MO, Ray Chaudhury A, Van Brocklyn JR. The role of sphingosine kinase-1 in EGFRvIII-regulated growth and survival of glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2010; 102:353-66. [PMID: 20938717 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that high expression levels of the lipid kinase sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) correlate with poor survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. In this study we examined the regulation of SphK1 expression by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in GBM cells. As the EGFR gene is often overexpressed and mutated in GBM, and EGFR has been shown to regulate SphK1 in some cell types, we examined the effect of EGF signaling and the constitutively active EGFRvIII mutant on SphK1 in GBM cells. Treatment of glioma cell lines with EGF led to increased expression and activity of SphK1. Expression of EGFRvIII in glioma cells also activated and induced SphK1. In addition, siRNA to SphK1 partially inhibited EGFRvIII-induced growth and survival of glioma cells as well as ERK MAP kinase activation. To further evaluate the connection between EGFR and SphK1 in GBM we examined primary neurosphere cells isolated from fresh human GBM tissue. The GBM-derived neurosphere cell line GBM9, which forms GBM-like tumors intracranially in nude mice, maintained expression of EGFRvIII in culture and had high levels of SphK1 activity. EGFR inhibitors modestly decreased SphK1 activity and proliferation of GBM9 cells. More extensive blockage of SphK1 activity by a SphK inhibitor, potently blocked cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of GBM9 cells. Thus, SphK1 activity is necessary for survival of GBM-derived neurosphere cells, and EGFRvIII partially utilizes SphK1 to further enhance cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4164 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Godlewski J, Bronisz A, Nowicki MO, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. microRNA-451: A conditional switch controlling glioma cell proliferation and migration. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:2742-2748. [PMID: 20647762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, is rapidly growing and highly infiltrative. Incomplete knowledge of the molecular biology, genetics, causes and cellular origin of these tumors may limit the development of improved therapeutics. A major and fundamental advance in recent years has been the identification of microRNAs as highly conserved regulators of gene expression. Here we will discuss further our recently published data on the role of miR-451 in the biology of glioblastoma. We initially identified miR-451 due to its downregulation in a glioma cell migration assay. We then found that by targeting the LKB1 kinase complex miR-451 suppresses the activity of downstream protein kinases including the major energy biosensor AMPK. MiR-451 levels are regulated by glucose; under conditions of abundant energy miR-451 expression is high, and the suppression of AMPK signaling allows cells to maintain elevated proliferation rates via unrestrained mTOR activation. Under conditions of glucose withdrawal, miR-451 downregulation is necessary for AMPK pathway activation, leading to suppressed proliferation rates, increased cell survival and migration. We also identified a potential feedback loop between LKB1 and miR-451, which allows a sustained and robust response to glucose deprivation. This data will be discussed in the context of potential biological significance and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Godlewski
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Williams SP, Nowicki MO, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Abstract LB-293: Indirubins decrease glioma growth and invasion in vivo: A novel treatment paradigm combining antimigratory and antiangiogenic effects. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-lb-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The invasive nature of gliomas is a major obstacle to their effective treatment. We demonstrated in a recent report that lithium blocks glioma cell migration and that this involved the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Here we report that treatment of glioma cells with GSK-3 inhibitors of the indirubin family leads to a potent and specific blockade of glioma cell migration. Indirubins inhibited GSK-3 to a greater extent than lithium in glioma cells as assessed by ß-catenin TCF/LEF luciferase reporter assays and were effective at much lower concentrations than other GSK-3 inhibitors so far tested. When examined in intracranial xenograft models in nude mice, 6-bromo-indirubin acetoxime (BIA) led to a significant reduction of invasion of normal, both in terms of diffuse invasion around the tumor, and the number of tumor foci. Interestingly treatment with BIA also led to decreased tumor proliferation and significantly improved survival of tumor-bearing animals. Histological examination of tumors showed a substantial decrease in blood vessel density in tumors. Finally we showed that indirubins block motility of endothelial cells in vitro, and also cause increased production of anti-angiogenic proteins in BIA treated glioma cells. This data suggests that anti-invasive glioma therapy with indirubins, and potentially other GSK-3 inhibitors, not only inhibits invasion of tumor cells, but also blocks angiogenesis providing a novel treatment paradigm for invasive gliomas.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-293.
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Suzuki M, Kasai K, Ohtsuki A, Godlewski J, Nowicki MO, Chiocca EA, Saeki Y. ICP0 inhibits the decrease of HSV amplicon-mediated transgene expression. Mol Ther 2009; 17:707-15. [PMID: 19223864 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vector produces an initial host response that limits transgene expression. In this study, we hypothesized that restoration of the HSV gene infected cell protein (ICP0) into the amplicon could circumvent this host response and thus overcome silencing of encoded transgenes. To test this, we constructed an amplicon vector that encodes the ICP0 under control of its native promoter (ICP0+ amplicon). Expression of ICP0 was transient and, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, did not significantly alter interferon (IFN)-based responses against the vector or cell kinetics/apoptosis of infected cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) PCR analysis revealed that conventional amplicon DNA became associated with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) immediately after infection, whereas ICP0+ amplicon DNA remained relatively unbound by HDAC1 for at least 72 hours after infection. Mice administered systemic ICP0+ amplicon exhibited significantly greater and more sustained transgene expression in their livers than did those receiving conventional amplicon, likely due to increased transcriptional or post-transcriptional activity rather than increased copy numbers of vector DNA. These findings indicate that restoration of ICP0 expression may be employed within HSV amplicon constructs to decrease transgene silencing in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suzuki
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Godlewski J, Nowicki MO, Bronisz A, Williams S, Otsuki A, Nuovo G, Raychaudhury A, Newton HB, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. Targeting of the Bmi-1 oncogene/stem cell renewal factor by microRNA-128 inhibits glioma proliferation and self-renewal. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9125-30. [PMID: 19010882 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miR) show characteristic expression signatures in various cancers and can profoundly affect cancer cell behavior. We carried out miR expression profiling of human glioblastoma specimens versus adjacent brain devoid of tumor. This revealed several significant alterations, including a pronounced reduction of miR-128 in tumor samples. miR-128 expression significantly reduced glioma cell proliferation in vitro and glioma xenograft growth in vivo. miR-128 caused a striking decrease in expression of the Bmi-1 oncogene, by direct regulation of the Bmi-1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region, through a single miR-128 binding site. In a panel of patient glioblastoma specimens, Bmi-1 expression was significantly up-regulated and miR-128 was down-regulated compared with normal brain. Bmi-1 functions in epigenetic silencing of certain genes through epigenetic chromatin modification. We found that miR-128 expression caused a decrease in histone methylation (H3K27me(3)) and Akt phosphorylation, and up-regulation of p21(CIP1) levels, consistent with Bmi-1 down-regulation. Bmi-1 has also been shown to promote stem cell self-renewal; therefore, we investigated the effects of miR-128 overexpression in human glioma neurosphere cultures, possessing features of glioma "stem-like" cells. This showed that miR-128 specifically blocked glioma self-renewal consistent with Bmi-1 down-regulation. This is the first example of specific regulation by a miR of a neural stem cell self-renewal factor, implicating miRs that may normally regulate brain development as important biological and therapeutic targets against the "stem cell-like" characteristics of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Godlewski
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Nowicki MO, Dmitrieva N, Stein AM, Cutter JL, Godlewski J, Saeki Y, Nita M, Berens ME, Sander LM, Newton HB, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. Lithium inhibits invasion of glioma cells; possible involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:690-9. [PMID: 18715951 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting glioma cells that diffusely infiltrate normal brain are highly sought after. Our aim was to identify novel approaches to this problem using glioma spheroid migration assays. Lithium, a currently approved drug for the treatment of bipolar illnesses, has not been previously examined in the context of glioma migration. We found that lithium treatment potently blocked glioma cell migration in spheroid, wound-healing, and brain slice assays. The effects observed were dose dependent and reversible, and worked using every glioma cell line tested. In addition, there was little effect on cell viability at lithium concentrations that inhibit migration, showing that this is a specific effect. Lithium treatment was associated with a marked change in cell morphology, with cells retracting the long extensions at their leading edge. Examination of known targets of lithium showed that inositol monophosphatase inhibition had no effect on glioma migration, whereas inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) did. This suggested that the effects of lithium on glioma cell migration could possibly be mediated through GSK-3. Specific pharmacologic GSK-3 inhibitors and siRNA knockdown of GSK-3alpha or GSK-3beta isoforms both reduced cell motility. These data outline previously unidentified pathways and inhibitors that may be useful for the development of novel anti-invasive therapeutics for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal O Nowicki
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Stein AM, Nowicki MO, Demuth T, Berens ME, Lawler SE, Chiocca EA, Sander LM. Estimating the cell density and invasive radius of three-dimensional glioblastoma tumor spheroids grown in vitro. Appl Opt 2007; 46:5110-8. [PMID: 17676121 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into brain tumor invasion, experiments are conducted on multicellular tumor spheroids grown in collagen gel. Typically, a radius of invasion is reported, which is obtained by human measurement. We present a simple, heuristic algorithm for automated invasive radii estimation (AIRE) that uses local fluctuations of the image intensity. We then derive an analytical expression relating the image graininess to the cell density for a model imaging system. The result agrees with the experiment up to a multiplicative constant and thus describes a novel method for estimating the cell density from bright-field images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stein
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, 2074 East Hall, 525 Church Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Koptyra M, Falinski R, Nowicki MO, Stoklosa T, Majsterek I, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Blasiak J, Skorski T. BCR/ABL kinase induces self-mutagenesis via reactive oxygen species to encode imatinib resistance. Blood 2006; 108:319-27. [PMID: 16527898 PMCID: PMC1895841 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BCR/ABL kinase domain play a major role in resistance to imatinib mesylate (IM). We report here that BCR/ABL kinase stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative DNA damage, resulting in mutations in the kinase domain. The majority of mutations involved A/T-->G/C and G/C-->A/T transitions, a phenotype detected previously in patients, which encoded clinically relevant amino acid substitutions, causing IM resistance. This effect was reduced in cells expressing BCR/ABL(Y177F) mutant, which does not elevate ROS. Inhibition of ROS in leukemia cells by the antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and vitamin E (VE) decreased the mutagenesis rate and frequency of IM resistance. Simultaneous administration of IM and an antioxidant exerted better antimutagenic effect than an antioxidant alone. Therefore, inhibition of ROS should diminish mutagenesis and enhance the effectiveness of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and the Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Slupianek A, Nowicki MO, Koptyra M, Skorski T. BCR/ABL modifies the kinetics and fidelity of DNA double-strand breaks repair in hematopoietic cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2005; 5:243-50. [PMID: 16297667 PMCID: PMC2856314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We find that after gamma-irradiation BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells accumulate more DSBs in comparison to normal cells. These lesions are efficiently repaired in a time-dependent fashion by BCR/ABL-stimulated non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) followed by homologous recombination repair (HRR) mechanisms. However, mutations and large deletions were detected in HRR and NHEJ products, respectively, in BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells. We propose that unfaithful repair of DSBs may contribute to genomic instability in the Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Slupianek
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Bio-Life Sciences Building, Room 419, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Slupianek A, Gurdek E, Koptyra M, Nowicki MO, Siddiqui KM, Groden J, Skorski T. BLM helicase is activated in BCR/ABL leukemia cells to modulate responses to cisplatin. Oncogene 2005; 24:3914-22. [PMID: 15750625 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bloom protein (BLM) is a 3'-5' helicase, mutated in Bloom syndrome, which plays an important role in response to DNA double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks. Here, we show that BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, which also modulates DNA repair capacity, is associated with elevated expression of BLM. Downregulation of BLM by antisense cDNA or dominant-negative mutant inhibits homologous recombination repair (HRR) and increases sensitivity to cisplatin in BCR/ABL-positive cells. Bone marrow cells from mice heterozygous for BLM mutation, BLM(Cin/+), transfected with BCR/ABL display increased sensitivity to cisplatin compared to those obtained from the wild-type littermates. BCR/ABL promotes interactions of BLM with RAD51, while simultaneous overexpression of BLM and RAD51 in normal cells increases drug resistance. These data suggest that BLM collaborates with RAD51 to facilitate HRR and promotes the resistance of BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells to DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Slupianek
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Nowicki MO, Falinski R, Koptyra M, Slupianek A, Stoklosa T, Gloc E, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Blasiak J, Skorski T. BCR/ABL oncogenic kinase promotes unfaithful repair of the reactive oxygen species-dependent DNA double-strand breaks. Blood 2004; 104:3746-53. [PMID: 15304390 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces constitutive DNA damage in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cells. We find that BCR/ABL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause chronic oxidative DNA damage resulting in double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S and G(2)/M cell cycle phases. These lesions are repaired by BCR/ABL-stimulated homologous recombination repair (HRR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) mechanisms. A high mutation rate is detected in HRR products in BCR/ABL-positive cells, but not in the normal counterparts. In addition, large deletions are found in NHEJ products exclusively in BCR/ABL cells. We propose that the following series of events may contribute to genomic instability of Ph-positive leukemias: BCR/ABL --> ROSs --> oxidative DNA damage --> DSBs in proliferating cells --> unfaithful HRR and NHEJ repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal O Nowicki
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Bio-Life Sciences Bldg, Rm 419, 1900 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Slupianek A, Schmutte C, Tombline G, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Hoser G, Nowicki MO, Pierce AJ, Fishel R, Skorski T. BCR/ABL regulates mammalian RecA homologs, resulting in drug resistance. Mol Cell 2001; 8:795-806. [PMID: 11684015 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RAD51 is one of six mitotic human homologs of the E. coli RecA protein (RAD51-Paralogs) that play a central role in homologous recombination and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we demonstrate that RAD51 is important for resistance to cisplatin and mitomycin C in cells expressing the BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase. BCR/ABL significantly enhances the expression of RAD51 and several RAD51-Paralogs. RAD51 overexpression is mediated by a STAT5-dependent transcription as well as by inhibition of caspase-3-dependent cleavage. Phosphorylation of the RAD51 Tyr-315 residue by BCR/ABL appears essential for enhanced DSB repair and drug resistance. Induction of the mammalian RecA homologs establishes a unique mechanism for DNA damage resistance in mammalian cells transformed by an oncogenic tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Slupianek
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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