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Geweda MM, Majumdar CG, Moore MN, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Chandra S, ElSohly MA. Evaluation of dispensaries' cannabis flowers for accuracy of labeling of cannabinoids content. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:11. [PMID: 38461280 PMCID: PMC10924369 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis policies have changed drastically over the last few years with many states enacting medical cannabis laws, and some authorizing recreational use; all against federal laws. As a result, cannabis products are marketed in dispensaries in different forms, most abundantly as flowers intended for smoking and sometimes vaping. All samples used in this study were obtained directly from law enforcement. The sample collection process was facilitated and funded by the National Marijuana Initiative (NMI), part of the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) program. This initial report focuses on cannabis flowers. Similar studies with other cannabis products will be the subject of a future report. METHODS A total of 107 Δ9-THC cannabis flower samples were collected by law enforcement from adult commercial use cannabis dispensaries, located in three different states (Colorado, Oregon, and California) and analyzed in this study for cannabinoid concentration. Samples were analyzed by GC-FID following our previously published procedure. DISCUSSION The label claims for total Δ9-THC content ranged from 12.04 to 58.20% w/w, while GC-FID results showed a concentration ranging from 12.95 to 36.55% w/w. Of the evaluated 107 products, only 32 samples have Δ9-THC content within ± 20% of the labeled content. However, the remaining 75 samples were found to be out of the ± 20% acceptance criteria. The degree of agreement for the tested samples using ± 20% tolerance with label claims was only 30%. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for more stringent regulations to ensure that product labeling is accurate, as 70% of the evaluated products did not meet the ± 20% acceptance criteria. This highlights the importance of healthcare professionals and patients being vigilant about the Δ9-THC content, as inaccurate labeling of cannabis products could potentially result in adverse health effects. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for more rigorous regulation of commercial cannabis products in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Geweda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Chandrani G Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Malorie N Moore
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, 38677, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Mendoza-Mari Y, Rai V, Radwan MM, Brazdzionis J, Connett DA, Miulli DE, Agrawal DK. Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Yucatan Swine. J Surg Res (Houst) 2024; 7:20-40. [PMID: 38389906 PMCID: PMC10883333 DOI: 10.26502/jsr.10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide and represents a high economic burden for families and national health systems. After mechanical impact to the head, the first stage of the damage comprising edema, physical damage, and cell loss gives rise to a second phase characterized by glial activation, increased oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, and exacerbated neuroinflammatory state, among other molecular calamities. Inflammation strongly influences the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. Therefore, several components of the inflammatory cascade have been targeted in experimental therapies. Application of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) stimulation has been found to be effective in some inflammatory conditions. However, its effect in the neuronal recovery after TBI is not known. In this pilot study, Yucatan miniswine were subjected to TBI using controlled cortical impact approach. EMF stimulation via a helmet was applied immediately or two days after mechanical impact. Three weeks later, inflammatory markers were assessed in the brain tissues of injured and contralateral non-injured areas of control and EMF-treated animals by histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Our results revealed that EMF stimulation induced beneficial effect with the preservation of neuronal tissue morphology as well as the reduction of inflammatory markers at the transcriptional and translational levels. Immediate EMF application showed better resolution of inflammation. Although further studies are warranted, our findings contribute to the notion that EMF stimulation could be an effective therapeutic approach in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yssel Mendoza-Mari
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - James Brazdzionis
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - David A Connett
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766
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Ali A, Shah FM, Radwan MM, Elhendawy MA, Elsohly MA, Khan IA. Curcuma longa essential oils: toxicity and repellency against imported fire ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). J Med Entomol 2024; 61:191-200. [PMID: 37983140 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) leaf and rhizome essential oils were evaluated for their toxicity and repellency against invasive fire ants: red imported fire ants (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, black imported fire ants (BIFA), Solenopsis richteri Forel, and a reproductively functional hybrid (HIFA). Ar-turmerone was the major constituent of leaf (42.4%) and rhizome (40.4%) essential oils. A range of concentrations starting from 156 µg/g until the failure of treatment were used. Removal of treated sand in digging bioassay was used as a criterion for repellency. Leaf essential oil showed significantly higher repellency at concentrations of 19.5, 9.8, and 4.9 µg/g against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively, as compared with control whereas rhizome essential oil was active at 39, 19.5, and 4.9 µg/g against BIFA, RIFA, and HIFA, respectively. Ar-turmerone exhibited repellency at 19.5 µg/g against HIFA workers whereas DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) failed at 39 µg/g. Leaf essential oil showed LC50 values of 85.8, 97.7, and 182.7µg/g against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA workers, whereas the rhizome essential oil had LC50 values of 127, 109.9, and 151.2 µg/g against these species, respectively. Ar-turmerone, tested only against HIFA, with LC50 value of 57.2 was the most active compound. Bifenthrin, a commonly used pyrethroid, with LC50 of 0.03, 0.32, and 0.018 µg/g was toxic against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively. Both the essential oils and ar-turmerone showed toxicity and repellency against imported fire ants. Different formulations of these natural products will be tested to explore the use potential of these natural products under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Farhan Mahmood Shah
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elsohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Marzouk AA, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk BA, Mostafa AE, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM, ElSohly MA. Isolation and in silico investigation of cannflavins from Cannabis sativa leaves as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents targeting the Papain-Like Protease. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38100380 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2294111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify three prenylflavonoids (cannflavin A, B, and C) from Cannabis sativa leaves using different chromatographic techniques. The potential of the isolated compounds against SARS-CoV-2 was suggested through several in silico analysis. Structural similarity studies against nine co-crystallized ligands of SARS-CoV-2's proteins indicated the similarities of the isolated cannflavins with the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease (PLP) ligand, Y95. Then, flexible allignment study confirmed this similarity. Docking experiments showed successful binding of all cannflavins within the active pocket of PLP, with energies comparable to Y95. Among them, cannflavin A demonstrated the most similar binding mode, while cannflavin C exhibited the best energy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MM-GPSA confirmed the accurate binding of cannflavin A to the PLP. In silico ADMET studies indicated favourable drug-like properties for all three compounds, suggesting their potential as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Further In vitro and In vivo investigations are necessary to validate these findings and establish their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad E Mostafa
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi, USA
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Wolfe TJ, Kruse NA, Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Sigworth KN, ElSohly MA, Hammer NI. A study of major cannabinoids via Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123133. [PMID: 37473664 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids, a class of molecules specific to the cannabis plant, are some of the most relevant molecules under study today due to their widespread use and varying legal status. Here, we present Raman spectra of a series of eleven cannabinoids and compare them to simulated spectra from density functional theory computations. The studied cannabinoids include three cannabinoid acids (Δ9-THC acid, CBD acid, and CBG acid) and eight neutral ones (Δ9-THC, CBD, CBG, CBDVA, CBDV, Δ8-THC, CBN and CBC). All cannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis plant gown at the University of Mississippi. The data presented in this work represents the most resolved experimental and highest-level simulated spectra available to date for each cannabinoid. All cannabinoids displayed higher peak separation in the experimental spectra than CBGA, which is most likely attributable to physical composition of the samples. The overall agreement between the experimental and simulated spectra is good, however for certain vibrational modes, especially those in the -OH stretching region, deviations are observed due to hydrogen bonding, suggesting that the OH stretching region is a good probe for decarboxylation reactions in these and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kalee N Sigworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Radwan MM, Abdou A, Nagi N, Younes DH, Mahrous A. Wear characteristics of esthetic resin matrix and zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate CAD/CAM materials: two-body wear and surface topography analysis. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:280-290. [PMID: 37255305 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study assessed the wear behavior of different CAD-CAM blocks and the abrasion of the enamel antagonist against these materials. METHODS 64 disk-shaped specimens were prepared from 8 different CAD/CAM blocks as follow: one lithium disilicate glass ceramics block "IPS Emax CAD" as control group, two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate "Vita Suprinity & Celtra DUO," one interpenetrating network ceramic block "Vita Enamic," Three resin-based block composites "Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart & Brilliant-crios" as well as one hybrid nanoceramic "Shofu block HC". All specimens were mounted against canine and tested for two body wear analysis using a chewing simulating loading machine (100,000 cycles, 50 N, 5/55 °C). The amount of wear loss was measured for each specimen using a digital precise scale. Wear area before and after the chewing simulation were evaluated using an optical profilometer. Data analysed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc. RESULTS The results showed a significantly higher wear loss in resin matrix ceramics in comparison to glass ceramics. However, for tooth wear glass ceramics had significantly higher value than hybrid ceramics. CONCLUSIONS Resin based CAD/CAM Blocks gives a superior result when evaluating the wear behavior and its effect on the opposing tooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bani-Suef University, Bani-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, Egypt -
| | - Nermeen Nagi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Dina H Younes
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Mahrous
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Abdel-Kader MS, Radwan MM, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH, Hazekamp A, Sohly MA. Chemistry and Biological Activities of Cannflavins of the Cannabis Plant. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:974-985. [PMID: 37756221 PMCID: PMC10714118 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Throughout history, Cannabis has had a significant influence on human life as one of the earliest plants cultivated by humans. The plant was a source of fibers used by the oldest known civilizations. Cannabis was also used medicinally in China, India, and ancient Egypt. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive compound in the plant was identified in 1964 followed by more than 125 cannabinoids. More than 30 flavonoids were isolated from the plant including the characteristic flavonoids called cannflavins, which are prenylated or geranylated flavones. Material and Methods: In this review, the methods of extraction, isolation, identification, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, analysis and pharmacological activity of these flavonoids are described. Results: The biosynthetic routes of the cannflavins from phenylalanine and malonyl CoA as well as the microbial biotransformation are also discussed. Details of the chemical synthesis are illustrated as an alternative to the isolation from the plant materials along with other possible sources of obtaining cannflavins. Detailed methods discussing the analysis of flavonoids in cannabis are presented, including the techniques used for separation and detection. Finally, the various biological activities of cannflavins are reviewed along with the available molecular docking studies. Conclusion: Despite the low level of cannflavins in cannabis hamper their development as naturally derived products, efforts need to be put in place to develop high yield synthetic or biosynthetic protocols for their production in order for their development as pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Sohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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Majumdar CG, ElSohly MA, Ibrahim EA, Elhendawy MA, Stanford D, Chandra S, Wanas AS, Radwan MM. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Moisture Content of Cannabis Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:7710. [PMID: 38067441 PMCID: PMC10707833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cannabis has been proposed and promoted not only as a medicine for the treatment of a variety of illnesses, but also as an industrial crop for different purposes. Being an agricultural product, cannabis inflorescences may be contaminated by environmental pathogens at high concentrations, which might cause health problems if not controlled. Therefore, limits have to be placed on the levels of aerobic bacteria as well as yeast and mold. To ensure the safety of cannabis plant material and related products, a remediation process has to be put in place. Gamma irradiation is a sterilization process mainly used for pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, agricultural, and herbal products including cannabis plant material. This study was designed to determine the effect of irradiation on the microbial count as well as on the chemical and physical profiles of the cannabis biomass, particularly cannabinoids, terpenes, and moisture content. The full cannabinoid profile was measured by GC/FID and HPLC analysis, while terpene profile and moisture content were determined using GC/MS and Loss on Drying (LoD) methods, respectively. Analyses were conducted on the samples before and after gamma irradiation. The results showed that the minimum and maximum doses were 15 and 20.8 KiloGray (KGY), respectively. Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) were determined. The study showed that irradiation has no effect on the cannabinoids and little effect on terpenes and moisture content, but it did result in the virtual sterilization of the plant material, as evidenced by the low levels of bacterial and fungal colony-forming units (CFUs) < 10 after gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani G. Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elsayed A. Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Donald Stanford
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
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Merlin Rajesh LLP, Radwan MM, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Rotator Cuff Tendon Repair after Injury in Hyperlipidemic Swine Decreases Biomechanical Properties. J Orthop Sports Med 2023; 5:398-405. [PMID: 38161622 PMCID: PMC10756634 DOI: 10.26502/josm.511500127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rotator cuff injury is the leading cause of shoulder pain. Hyperlipidemia is responsible in depositing lipids in tendons and reduce the healing upon injuries or tears. In this study, we created rotator cuff injury and repair models in swine and studied the changes in biomechanical properties of infraspinatus tendons in hyperlipidemic swine. The infraspinatus tendons from control group, hyperlipidemic injury and repair group of animals were collected and tested ex-vivo. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity increased in the tendons from the contralateral side on both the injury and repair models and were higher than the injury side. The presence of large number of fibrous tissues in the surgical site of repair and increased water content was observed in addition to the fatty infiltration which would have contributed to the decreased mechanical properties of the injured tendons following repair. Meanwhile the tendons of the contralateral side in both the injury and repair model showed adaptation to chronic load as observed in the modulus and viscoelastic properties. This is a pilot study that warrants detailed investigation in a larger sample size with longer duration following tendon injury and repair to gain better understanding on the effect of hyperlipidemia in the healing of rotator cuff tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lal L P Merlin Rajesh
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
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Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Ibrahim EA, Wanas AS, Chandra S, Godfrey M, ElSohly MA. Validation and Quantitation of Fifteen Cannabinoids in Cannabis and Marketed Products Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet/Photodiode Array Method. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37797227 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabis sativa is a psychoactive plant indigenous to Central and South Asia, traditionally used both for recreational and religious purposes, in addition to folk medicine. Cannabis is a rich source of natural compounds, the most important of which are commonly known as cannabinoids that cause a variety of effects through interaction with the endocannabinoid system. Materials and Methods: In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/photodiode array (PDA) method was developed and validated for the analysis of 15 cannabinoids in cannabis plant materials and cannabis-based marketed products. These cannabinoids are cannabidivarinic acid, cannabidivarin, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, cannabigerol, cannabidiol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid, cannabinol, delta-9-tetrahyrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahyrocannabinol, cannabicyclol, cannabichromene, delta-9-tetrahyrocannabinolic acid A, and cannabichromenic acid. The separation was carried out using a reversed-phase Luna® C18(2) column and a mobile phase consisting of 75% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. A PDA detector was used, and data were extracted at λ=220 nm. Principal component analysis of cannabis four varieties was performed. Results: The method was linear over the calibration range of 5-75 μg/mL with R2>0.999 for all cannabinoids. This method was sensitive and gave good baseline separation of all examined cannabinoids with limits of detection ranging between 0.2 and 1.6 μg/mL and limits of quantification ranging between 0.6 and 4.8 μg/mL. The average recoveries for all cannabinoids were between 81% and 104%. The measured repeatability and intermediate precisions (% relative standard deviation) in all varieties ranged from 0.35% to 9.84% and 1.11% to 5.26%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method is sensitive, selective, reproducible, and accurate. It can be applied for the simultaneous determination of these cannabinoids in the C. sativa biomass and cannabis-derived marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Elsayed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Murrell Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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11
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Gilmore AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Kidder LH, Wanas AS, Godfrey M, Hildreth JB, Robinson AE, ElSohly MA. Absorbance-Transmittance Excitation Emission Matrix Method for Quantification of Major Cannabinoids and Corresponding Acids: A Rapid Alternative to Chromatography for Rapid Chemotype Discrimination of Cannabis sativa Varieties. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:911-922. [PMID: 35486823 PMCID: PMC10589469 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phytocannabinoids naturally occur in the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) predominate. There is a need for rapid inexpensive methods to quantify total THC (for statutory definition) and THC-CBD ratio (for classification into three chemotypes). This study explores the capabilities of a spectroscopic technique that combines ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence, absorbance-transmittance excitation emission matrix (A-TEEM). Methods: The A-TEEM technique classifies 49 dry flower extracts into three C. sativa chemotypes, and quantifies the total THC-CBD ratio, using validated gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization (FID) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods for reference. Multivariate methods used are principal components analysis for a chemotype classification, extreme gradient boost (XGB) discriminant analysis (DA) to classify unknown samples by chemotype, and XGB regression to quantify total THC and CBD content using GC-FID and HPLC data on the same samples. Results: The A-TEEM technique provides robust classification of C. sativa samples, predicting chemotype classification, defined by THC-CBD content, of unknown samples with 100% accuracy. In addition, A-TEEM can quantify total THC and CBD levels relevant to statutory determination, with limit of quantifications (LOQs) of 0.061% (THC) and 0.059% (CBD), and high cross-validation (>0.99) and prediction (>0.99), using a GC-FID method for reference data; and LOQs of 0.026% (THC) and 0.080% (CBD) with high cross-validation (>0.98) and prediction (>0.98), using an HPLC method for reference data. A-TEEM is highly predictive in separately quantifying acid and neutral forms of THC and CBD with HPLC reference data. Conclusions: The A-TEEM technique provides a sensitive method for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of the major cannabinoids in solution, with LOQs comparable with GC-FID and HPLC, and high values of cross-validation and prediction. As a spectroscopic technique, it is rapid, with data acquisition <45 sec per measurement; sample preparation is simple, requiring only solvent extraction. A-TEEM has the sensitivity to resolve and quantify cannabinoids in solution based on their unique spectral characteristics. Discrimination of legal and illegal chemotypes can be rapidly verified using XGB DA, and quantitation of statutory levels of total THC and total CBD comparable with GC-FID and HPLC can be obtained using XBD regression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa A. Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Murrell Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | | | | | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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12
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Eissa IH, Yousef RG, Elkady H, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Husein DZ, Ibrahim IM, Radwan MM, Metwaly AM. A Theobromine Derivative with Anticancer Properties Targeting VEGFR-2: Semisynthesis, in silico and in vitro Studies. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300066. [PMID: 37803417 PMCID: PMC10558427 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A computer-assisted drug design (CADD) approach was utilized to design a new acetamido-N-(para-fluorophenyl)benzamide) derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid, theobromine, (T-1-APFPB), following the pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The stability and reactivity of T-1-AFPB were assessed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Molecular docking assessments showed T-1-AFPB's potential to bind with and inhibit VEGFR-2. The precise binding of T-1-AFPB against VEGFR-2 with optimal energy was further confirmed through several molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, PLIP, MM-GBSA, and PCA studies. Then, T-1-AFPB (4-(2-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-1-yl)acetamido)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide) was semi-synthesized and the in vitro assays showed its potential to inhibit VEGFR-2 with an IC50 value of 69 nM (sorafenib's IC50 was 56 nM) and to inhibit the growth of HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.24±0.02 and 3.26±0.02 μM, respectively. Moreover, T-1-AFPB displayed very high selectivity indices against normal Vero cell lines. Furthermore, T-1-AFPB induced early (from 0.72 to 19.12) and late (from 0.13 to 6.37) apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines. In conclusion, the combined computational and experimental approaches demonstrated the efficacy and safety of T-1-APFPB providing it as a promising lead VEGFR-2 inhibitor for further development aiming at cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Reda G. Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O. Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z. Husein
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharja72511Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchUniversity of MississippiMississippiMS 38677USA
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research DepartmentGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)AlexandriaEgypt
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13
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Ibrahim EA, Radwan MM, Gul W, Majumdar CG, Hadad GM, Abdel Salam RA, Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA, Chandra S, Lata H, ElSohly MA, Wanas AS. Quantitative Determination of Cannabis Terpenes Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:899-910. [PMID: 36322895 PMCID: PMC10589468 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabis has a long history of being credited with centuries of healing powers for millennia. The cannabis plant is a rich source of cannabinoids and terpenes. Each cannabis chemovar exhibits a different flavor and aroma, which are determined by its terpene content. Methods: In this study, a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector method was developed and validated for the determination of the 10 major terpenes in the main three chemovars of Cannabis sativa L. with n-tridecane used as the internal standard following the standard addition method. The 10 major terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) are α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, terpinolene, linalool, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide. The method was validated according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists guidelines. Spike recovery studies for all terpenes were carried out on placebo cannabis material and indoor-growing high THC chemovar with authentic standards. Results: The method was linear over the calibration range of 1-100 μg/mL with r2>0.99 for all terpenes. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated to be 0.3 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively, for all terpenes. The accuracy (%recovery) at all levels ranged from 89% to 104% and 90% to 111% for placebo and indoor-growing high THC chemovar, respectively. The repeatability and intermediate precision of the method were evaluated by the quantification of target terpenes in the three different C. sativa chemovars, resulting in acceptable relative standard deviations (less than 10%). Conclusions: The developed method is simple, sensitive, reproducible, and suitable for the detection and quantification of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in C. sativa biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A. Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Chandrani G. Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ghada M. Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Randa A. Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hemant Lata
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., Oxford, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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14
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Brazdzionis J, Radwan MM, Thankam F, Mendoza Mari Y, Baron D, Connett D, Agrawal DK, Miulli DE. A Swine Model of Neural Circuit Electromagnetic Fields: Effects of Immediate Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Cortical Injury. Cureus 2023; 15:e43774. [PMID: 37731409 PMCID: PMC10506916 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurologic diseases have profound disability, mortality, and socioeconomic effects worldwide. Treatment of these disorders varies but is largely limited to unique factors associated with neural physiology. Early studies have evaluated alterations in electromagnetic fields (EMF) due to neural disorders with subsequent modulation of EMF as a potential treatment modality. Swine models have begun to be evaluated as translational models in this effect. Methods EMF measurements of a Yucatan miniswine were recorded using proprietary non-contact, non-invasive induction sensors with a dual layer Mu-metal and interlaced copper mesh helmet. The swine then underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Twenty minutes post-injury after surgical wound closure, the swine underwent targeted EMF signal modulation using a signal generator to stimulate the swine's injured cortical circuit using a sinusoidal wave individualized at 2.5 Hz with a 500mV positive offset at 1V. After 10 days of stimulation, settings were modified to another individualized frequency of 5.5 Hz, 500mV positive offset and 1V for stimulation. Behavioral patterns in swine were evaluated, and EMF measurements were recorded daily prior to, during, and after stimulation. Artificial intelligence (AI) models evaluated patterns in EMF signals. Histology of the stimulated swine cortex was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and pentachrome staining and compared to a control swine without stimulation and a swine that had received stimulation two days post-injury in a delayed fashion. Serial serum specimens and tissue at the time of euthanasia were obtained for assessment of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentration. Results Pre-operative and post-stimulation measurements demonstrated differences in patterns and activity early on. There was an identified peak at 1.6Hz, not frequently seen pre-operatively. There were convergent frequencies in both data sets at 10.5 Hz and 3.9 Hz. Plateaus and decreased variability of changes in slope were identified early in the post-injury phase. AI modeling identified early similarities in pre-operative and post-stimulation measurements through the patterns of peaks with similarities on postoperative day 10 and similarities in the valleys on postoperative day 17. Histologic specimens identified increased degrees of apoptosis and cellular death in the non-stimulated control compared to the stimulated swine. Similarly, the immediately stimulated swine had less apoptosis and increased histologic viability at the site of injury compared to the two-day delayed stimulation swine. There were increased levels of NSE noted in the stimulated swine at the site of injury compared to non-injured sites and the control swine. Conclusions Cortical function was appropriately measured through induction sensors and shielding in the form of a helmet and electromagnetic field channels. Early stimulation resulted in the early and durable recovery of neuronal circuit-driven electromagnetic field patterns. Histology identified increased viability of neurons with fewer apoptotic neurons and glial cells in stimulated swine with early stimulation identifying the best effect compared to a non-stimulated subject. This recovery identifies change and recovery at the circuit, cellular, and subcellular levels that potentiate the need for further study of EMF modulation as a treatment modality in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brazdzionis
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Finosh Thankam
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Yssel Mendoza Mari
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David Baron
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David Connett
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
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15
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Nooti S, Rai V, Radwan MM, Thankam FG, Singh H, Chatzizisis YS, Agrawal DK. Oxidized Low-density Lipoproteins and Lipopolysaccharides Augment Carotid Artery Plaque Vulnerability in Hypercholesterolemic Microswine. Cardiol Cardiovasc Med 2023; 7:273-294. [PMID: 37577745 PMCID: PMC10421630 DOI: 10.26502/fccm.92920338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor. This study aims to compare the potency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) to induce plaque formation and increase plaque vulnerability in the carotid artery of hypercholesterolemic Yucatan microswine. Atherosclerotic lesions at the common carotid artery junction and ascending pharyngeal artery were induced in hypercholesterolemic Yucatan microswine at 5-6 months of age with balloon angioplasty. LPS or oxLDL were administered intraluminally at the site of injury after occluding the arterial flow temporarily. Pre-intervention ultrasound (US), angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were done at baseline and just before euthanasia to assess post-op parameters. The images from the US, OCT, and angiography in the LPS and the oxLDL-treated group showed increased plaque formation with features suggestive of unstable plaque, including necrotic core, thin fibrous caps, and a signal poor region more with oxLDL compared to LPS. Histomorphology of the carotid artery tissue near the injury corroborated the presence of severe lesions in both LPS and oxLDL-treated pigs but more in the oxLDL group. Vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells treated with LPS and oxLDL showed increased folds changes in mRNA transcripts of the biomarkers of inflammation and plaque vulnerability compared to untreated cells. Collectively, the results suggest that angioplasty-mediated intimal injury of the carotid arteries in atherosclerotic swine with local administration of LPS or ox-LDL induces vulnerable plaques compared to angioplasty alone and oxLDL is relatively more potent than LPS in inducing vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nooti
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - V Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - M M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - F G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - H Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Y S Chatzizisis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - D K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
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16
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Brazdzionis J, Radwan MM, Thankam F, Rajesh Lal M, Baron D, Connett DA, Agrawal DK, Miulli DE. A Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Neuronally Generated Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Changes. Cureus 2023; 15:e42544. [PMID: 37637613 PMCID: PMC10460141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with aberrations in neural circuitry attributable to the pathology resulting in electromagnetic field (EMF) changes. These changes have been evaluated in a variety of settings including through novel induction sensors with an ultra-portable shielded helmet and EMF channels with differences identified by comparing pre-injury and post-injury states. Modulation of the EMF has undergone cursory evaluation in neurologic conditions but has not yet been fully evaluated for clinical effects in treatment. Target EMF stimulation using EMF-related changes preoperatively to postoperatively has not yet been attempted and has not been completed using induction sensor technology. Our objectives in this study were twofold: we wanted to test the hypothesis that targeted stimulation using an EMF signal generator and stimulator to abnormal thresholds identified by real-time measurement of EMFs may enable early resolution of EMF changes and treatment of the TBI as modeled through controlled cortical impact (CCI); we also aimed to assess the feasibility of attempting this using real-time measurements with an EMF shielded helmet with EMF channels and non-contact, non-invasive induction sensors with attached EMF transmitters in real-time. Methods A singular Yucatan miniswine was obtained and baseline EMF recordings were obtained. A CCI of TBI and postoperative assessment of cortical EMF in a non-invasive, non-contact fashion were completed. Alterations in EMF were evaluated and EMF stimulation using those abnormal frequencies was completed using multiple treatments involving three minutes of EMF stimulation at abnormal frequencies. Stimulation thresholds of 2.5 Hz, 3.5 Hz, and 5.5 Hz with 1 V signal intensity were evaluated using sinusoidal waves. Additionally, stimulation thresholds using differing offsets to the sine wave at -500 mV, 0 mV, and 500 mv were assessed. Daily EMF and post-stimulation EMF measurements were recorded. EMF patterns were then assessed using an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Results AI modeling appropriately identified differences in EMF signal in pre-injury, post-injury, and post-stimulation states. EMF stimulation using a positive offset of 500 mV appeared to have maximal beneficial effects in return to baseline. Similarly targeted stimulation using thresholds of 2.5 Hz and 5.5 Hz with a positive 500 mV offset at 1 V allowed for recovery of EMF patterns post-injury towards patterns seen in baseline EMF measurements on stimulation day seven (postoperative day 17). Conclusion Stimulation of neural circuits with targeted EMF in a sinusoidal pattern with targeted thresholds after measurement with induction sensors with shielding isolated to a Mu-metal and copper mesh helmet and EMF channels is efficacious in promoting neuronal circuit recovery to preoperative baselines in the TBI miniswine model. Similarly, our findings confirm the appropriateness of this translational model in the evaluation of brain neuronal circuit EMF and that preoperative and post-trauma differences can be appropriately assessed with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brazdzionis
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Finosh Thankam
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Merlin Rajesh Lal
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David Baron
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David A Connett
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Translational Research, College of the Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
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17
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Brazdzionis J, Radwan MM, Thankam FG, Rajesh Lal M, Baron D, Connett DA, Agrawal DK, Miulli DE. A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41763. [PMID: 37575822 PMCID: PMC10416555 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of disability and mortality. Treatment depends on mitigation of secondary injury resulting in axonal injury, necrosis, brain dysfunction, and disruption of electrical and chemical signaling in neural circuits. To better understand TBI, translational models are required to study physiology, diagnostics, and treatments in homologous species, such as swine. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from altered neural circuits can be measured and historically have been reliant on expensive shielding and supercooling in magnetoencephalography. Using proprietary induction sensors, it has been found that a non-invasive, non-contact approach with an engineered Mu-metal and copper mesh-shielded helmet effectively measures EMFs. This has not yet been investigated in swine models. We wished to evaluate the efficacy of this technology to assess TBI-dependent EMF changes in swine to describe the efficacy of these sensors and this model using a gravity-dependent controlled cortical impact (CCI). Methods A Yucatan miniswine was evaluated using non-contact, non-invasive proprietary induction sensors with an engineered dual-layer Mu-metal and interlaced copper mesh helmet with sensors within EMF channels connected to a helmet. Swine EMF recordings were obtained prior to induced gravity-dependent CCI followed by post-TBI measurements. Behavioral changes and changes in EMF measurements were assessed. EMF measurements were evaluated with an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Results Differences between room "noise" EMF measurements and pre-TBI swine electromagnetic field measurements were identified. Morphological characteristics between pre-injury and post-injury measurements were noted. AI modeling differentiated pre-injury and post-injury patterns in the swine EMF. Frequently identified frequencies seen post-injury were peaks at 2.5 Hz and 6.5 Hz and a valley at 11 Hz. The AI model identified less changes in the slope and thus decreased variation of EMF measurements post-TBI between 4.5 Hz and 7 Hz. Conclusions For the first time, it was identified that cortical function in a swine can be appropriately measured using novel induction sensors and shielding isolated to a helmet and EMF channels. The swine model can be appropriately differentiated from the external noise signal with identifiably different pre-injury and post-injury EMFs. Patterns can be recognized within the post-injury EMF due to altered neural circuits that can be measured using these sensors continuously, non-invasively, and in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brazdzionis
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Merlin Rajesh Lal
- Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David Baron
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - David A Connett
- Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
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18
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Gul W, Ibrahim EA, Gul SW, Shahzadi I, Radwan MM, Chandra S, Lata H, ElSohly MA. Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for the Quantitation of 20 Different Acidic and Neutral Cannabinoids. Planta Med 2023; 89:683-696. [PMID: 36257598 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For decades, Cannabis sativa had been illegal to sell or consume around the world, including in the United States. However, in light of the recent 2018 Farm Bill and the legalization of hemp across the US, various cannabis preparations have flooded the market, making it essential to be able to quantitate the levels of the different acidic and neutral cannabinoids in C. sativa and to have a complete cannabinoid profile of the different chemovars of the cannabis plant. A GC-FID method was developed and validated for the analysis of 20 acidic and neutral cannabinoids as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The analyzed cannabinoids include cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinolic acid (CBNA), cannabielsoic acid (CBEA), cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9-THCAA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabidivarin (CBDV), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromene (CBC), trans-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), cannabicitran (CBT), and cannabielsoin (CBE). The method limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.1 µg/mL, while the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.25 µg/mL to 0.5 µg/mL. The precision (%RSD) was < 10%, while trueness ranged from 90 - 107%. The developed method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the quantitation of all 20 acidic and neutral cannabinoids. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the quantitation of the cannabinoids in different cannabis chemovars grown at the University of Mississippi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Elsayed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sharjeel W Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS, USA
- Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College, University of Mississippi, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA
- Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Hemant Lata
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS, USA
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, USA
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19
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Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Gul W, Ibrahim EA, ElSohly MA. Isolation and Characterization of Impurities in Commercially Marketed Δ 8-THC Products. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:822-829. [PMID: 36827690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative analysis of several commercial products containing Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) as a major component using GC-MS resulted in the identification of several impurities along with Δ8-THC. In an attempt to isolate and identify these impurities, a commercial Δ8-THC distillate was selected for the isolation work. Eleven impurities were isolated using a variety of chromatographic techniques, and their chemical structures were determined. These include Δ4,8-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol (1), Δ4-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol (2), Δ8-cis-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol (3), 4,8-epoxy-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol (4), 8-hydroxy-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol (5), 9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (6), 9α-hydroxyhexa-hydrocannabinol (7), iso-tetrahydrocannabifuran (8), cannabicitran (CBT, 9), olivetol (10), and Δ9-THC (11). The chemical structures of the purified compounds were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT-135) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR, LC-MS, and GC-MS. Other naturally occurring cannabinoids and impurities were also identified in GC-MS chromatograms but were not isolated. These were cannabidiol (CBD, 12), cannabinol (CBN, 13), hexahydrocannabinol (HHC, 14), and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8-THCV, 15). The chemical structure of Δ8-THCV (15), for which a standard was not available, was confirmed by partial synthesis and NMR analysis. This is the first report for many of the above compounds as well as Δ8-THCV as impurities in Δ8-THC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, United States
| | - Elsayed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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20
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Mahana A, Hammoda HM, Saad MMG, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Ghareeb DA, Harraz FM, Shawky E. Bio-guided isolation of potential anti-inflammatory constituents of some endophytes isolated from the leaves of ground cherry (Physalis pruinosa L.) via ex-vivo and in-silico studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:103. [PMID: 37013553 PMCID: PMC10069101 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the extensive potential of previously studied endophytes in addition to plants belonging to genus Physalis as a source of anti-inflammatory constituents, the present study aimed at isolation for the first time some endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Physalis pruinosa. METHODS The endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh leaves of P. pruinosa then purified and identified by both morphological and molecular methods. Comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity in addition to gene expression of the three pro-inflammatory indicators (TNF-α, IL-1β and INF-γ) was performed in WBCs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the identified endophytes, isolated compounds and the standard anti-inflammatory drug (piroxicam). For prediction of the binding mode of the top-scoring constituents-targets complexes, the Schrödinger Maestro 11.8 package (LLC, New York, NY) was employed in the docking study. RESULTS A total of 50 endophytic fungal isolates were separated from P. pruinosa leaves. Selection of six representative isolates was performed for further bioactivity screening based on their morphological characters, which were then identified as Stemphylium simmonsii MN401378, Stemphylium sp. MT084051, Alternaria infectoria MT573465, Alternaria alternata MZ066724, Alternaria alternata MN615420 and Fusarium equiseti MK968015. It could be observed that A. alternata MN615420 extract was the most potent anti-inflammatory candidate with a significant downregulation of TNF-α. Moreover, six secondary metabolites, alternariol monomethyl ether (1), 3'-hydroxyalternariol monomethyl ether (2), alternariol (3), α-acetylorcinol (4), tenuazonic acid (5) and allo-tenuazonic acid (6) were isolated from the most potent candidate (A. alternata MN615420). Among the tested isolated compounds, 3'-hydroxyalternariol monomethyl ether showed the highest anti-inflammatory potential with the most considerable reductions in the level of INF-γ and IL-1β. Meanwhile, alternariol monomethyl ether was the most potent TNF-α inhibitor. The energy values for the protein (IL-1β, TNF-α and INF-γ)-ligand interaction for the best conformation of the isolated compounds were estimated using molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained suggested alternariol derivatives may serve as naturally occurring potent anti-inflammatory candidates. This study opens new avenues for the design and development of innovative anti-inflammatory drugs that specifically target INF-γ, IL-1β and INF-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mahana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona M G Saad
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, Mississippi, USA
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fathallah M Harraz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
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21
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Hegazy MM, Afifi WM, Metwaly AM, Radwan MM, Abd-Elraouf M, Mehany ABM, Ahmed E, Enany S, Ezzeldin S, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S, Mostafa AE. Antitrypanosomal, Antitopoisomerase-I, and Cytotoxic Biological Evaluation of Some African Plants Belonging to Crassulaceae; Chemical Profiling of Extract Using UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248809. [PMID: 36557948 PMCID: PMC9785725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous study for some African plants as a source for antitrypanosomally and cytotoxic active drugs, nine different plants belonging to the Crassulaceae family have been selected for the present study. Sedum sieboldii leaves extract showed an antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 value of 8.5 µg/mL. In addition, they have cytotoxic activities against (HCT-116), (HEPG-2) and (MCF-7), with IC50 values of 28.18 ± 0.24, 22.05 ± 0.66, and 26.47 ± 0.85 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extract displayed inhibition against Topoisomerase-1 with an IC50 value of 1.31 µg/mL. It showed the highest phenolics and flavonoids content among the other plants' extracts. In order to identify the secondary metabolites which may be responsible for such activities, profiling of the polar secondary metabolites of S. sieboldii extract via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution QTOF-MS operated in negative and positive ionization modes, which revealed the presence of 46 metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanidins, coumarin, and other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Muhamad Abd-Elraouf
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shahd Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Adel E. Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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22
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Gaber AA, Sobhy M, Turky A, Abdulwahab HG, Al-Karmalawy AA, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Elkaeed EB, Ibrahim IM, Elzahabi HSA, Eissa IH. Discovery of new 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents targeting EGFR WT and EGFR T790M. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2283-2303. [PMID: 36000168 PMCID: PMC9466626 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised to act as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). The synthesised derivatives were assessed for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b showed potent anti-proliferative activities. Compound 12b was the most promising member with IC50 values of 8.21 and 19.56 µM against A549 and HCT-116, respectively. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b were evaluated for their kinase inhibitory activities against wild EGFR (EGFRWT). Compound 12b was the most potent member showing an IC50 value of 0.016 µM. In addition, compound 12b showed noticeable activity against mutant EGFR (EGFRT790M) (IC50 = 0.236 µM). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that compound 12b is a good apoptotic inducer and can arrest the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, it produced an 8.8-fold increase in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. Molecular docking studies were carried out against EGFRWT and EGFRT790M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Turky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, MS, USA.,Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Elzahabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Rangarajan S, Orujyan D, Rangchaikul P, Radwan MM. Critical Role of Inflammation and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2829. [PMID: 36359349 PMCID: PMC9687471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on how the body resolves this inflammation is gaining traction and has shed light on new avenues for future management of cardiovascular diseases. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the recent development in the understanding of a new class of molecules called Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs), and the impact of such findings in the realm of cardiovascular treatment options. We searched the MEDLINE database restricting ourselves to original research articles as much as possible on the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the role of SPMs. We expect to see further research in translating these findings to bedside clinical trials in treating conditions with a pathophysiological basis of inflammation, such as coronary artery disease, asthma, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhapradha Rangarajan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Patrida Rangchaikul
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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24
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Lebdah M, Alshaya DS, Jalal AS, Mousa MR, Radwan MM, Samir M, Adel A, Albaqami NM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, El basrey YF. Molecular characterization of aviadenovirus serotypes and pathogenicity of the identified adenovirus in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101918. [PMID: 36209666 PMCID: PMC9551142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically significant viral disease that primarily affects broiler chickens. At least 12 different aviadenovirus serotypes are responsible for causing IBH. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analysis to characterize fowl adenovirus isolates that were in circulation from 2019 to 2021 and investigate the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in commercial broiler chickens. Suspected liver samples were molecularly identified using hexon gene targeting by PCR, and viruses were isolated using chick embryo liver cell culture. For serotype identification, the fowl adenovirus-positive samples were subjected to hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity of two isolates was tested in commercial chickens via the oral route. The phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene showed that the isolated viruses clustered with serotype 8a species E. On testing the pathogenicity of the isolates based on necropsy and histopathological examination, no mortality was observed; however, lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, bursa, and lung specimens with intermittent virus shedding at different time points throughout the experimental period. Further research on the likelihood of vaccine production is warranted to limit disease-related losses.
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25
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Ahmed SA, Ibrahim AK, Radwan MM, Slade D, Chandra S, Khan IA, ElSohly MA. Microbial Biotransformation of Cannabidiol (CBD) from Cannabis sativa. Planta Med 2022; 88:389-397. [PMID: 33902128 DOI: 10.1055/a-1468-3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation of cannabidiol was assessed using 31 different microorganisms. Only Mucor ramannianus (ATCC 9628), Beauveria bassiana (ATCC 7195), and Absidia glauca (ATCC 22 752) were able to metabolize cannabidiol. M. ramannianus (ATCC 9628) yielded five metabolites, namely, 7,4″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (1: ), 6β,4″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (2: ), 6β,2″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (3: ), 6β,3″α-dihydroxycannabidiol (4: ), and 6β,7,4″β-trihydroxycannabidiol (5: ). B. bassiana (ATCC 7195) metabolized cannabidiol to afford six metabolites identified as 7,3″-dihydroxycannabidivarin (6: ), 7-hydroxycannabidivarin-3″-carboxylic acid (7: ), 3″-hydroxycannabidivarin (8: ), 4″β-hydroxycannabidiol (9: ), and cannabidivarin-3″-carboxylic acid (10: ) along with compound 1: . Incubation of cannabidiol with A. glauca (ATCC 22 752) yielded three metabolites, 6α,3″-dihyroxycannabidivarin (11: ), 6β,3″-dihyroxycannabidivarin (12: ), and compound 6: . All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwat A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amany K Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Desmond Slade
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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26
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Noh S, Mai K, Shaver M, Yong S, Mostaghimi M, Oh G, Radwan MM. Emerging Cholesterol Modulators for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Med Sci 2022; 363:373-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Rai V, Radwan MM, Nooti S, Thankam FG, Singh H, Agrawal DK. TLR-4 Inhibition Attenuates Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Stenosis in Arteriovenous Fistula in Yucatan Miniswine. Cardiol Cardiovasc Med 2022; 6:432-450. [PMID: 36147190 PMCID: PMC9491704 DOI: 10.26502/fccm.92920280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access in hemodialysis patients; however, it is afflicted with a high failure rate. Chronic inflammation, excessive neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), vessel stenosis, early thrombosis, and failure of outward remodeling are the major causes of AVF maturation failure. Inflammatory mediator toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a critical role in NIH, arterial thrombosis, and stenosis. We investigated the effect of TLR-4 inhibition on early thrombosis. Yucatan miniswine were used to create AVF involving femoral artery and femoral vein and treated with TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242 with ethanol as the vehicle. The vessels were assessed after 12 weeks using histomorphometry, immunostaining, ultrasound, angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Inhibition of TLR-4 attenuated inflammation and early thrombosis in 50% of animals, and blood flow was present through AVF in 25% of animals. Thus, targeting TLR-4 to attenuate inflammation and early thrombosis might be a therapeutic approach to keep AVF patent and maintain blood flow through the outflow vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Sunil Nooti
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Radwan MM, Shabban AA, Elshafey D, Mahrous AI. The Performance of Abutment Material and Finish Line Configuration on the Stress Distribution and Fracture Resistance of Implant-Supported Zirconia Fixed Partial Dentures When Loaded in a Bio-Faithful Model. INT J PERIODONT REST 2021; 41:e265-e275. [PMID: 34818395 DOI: 10.11607/prd.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This computational study analyzed the strain magnitude and distribution within trabecular bone structure around different materials and finish line (FL) configurations of implant abutments loaded axially. Differences in fracture resistance of these abutments were also assessed. Sixteen endosseous screw vent implants were embedded in eight bio-faithful mandibular simulators resembling D2 and D3 bone density (n = 4 models per bone type) in the second premolar and second molar positions. These models were further subdivided into eight subgroups with different FL configurations and abutment materials. Strain gauges were mounted adjacent to the implants, and the superstructures were successively placed on the abutments. A universal dynamometrical testing apparatus was used for a static compression load. Finally, all samples were subjected to load until fracture. Three-way analysis of variance for strain analysis showed a significant overall interaction between the three variables (bone type, FL configuration, and abutment materials; P < .001), while the analysis for fracture resistance showed significant two-way interactions between bone type and FL configuration (P < .001) and between bone type and abutment material (P < .001). The implant abutment material, the FL configuration of the abutment, and the bone type can influence the mechanical behavior of the abutment used. Zirconia abutments with anatomical FL configurations possess better fracture resistance than zirconia and titanium abutments with circular FL configurations in D2 bone density.
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Rai V, Radwan MM, Agrawal DK. IL-33, IL-37, and Vitamin D Interaction Mediate Immunomodulation of Inflammation in Degenerating Cartilage. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 34842603 PMCID: PMC8628513 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammation due to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the accumulation of inflammatory immune cells (mainly macrophages), and vitamin D deficiency leads to cartilage degeneration and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the effect of vitamin D status on the expression of mediators of inflammation including interleukin (IL)-33, IL-37, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, toll-like receptors (TLRs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in degenerating the cartilage of hyperlipidemic microswine. Additionally, in vitro studies with normal human chondrocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of calcitriol on the expression of IL-33, IL-37, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs. We also studied the effects of calcitriol on macrophage polarization using THP-1 cells. The results of this study revealed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased expression of IL-33, IL-37, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs, while vitamin D supplementation is associated with a decreased expression of the former. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased M1, while vitamin D-supplemented microswine cartilage showed increased M2 macrophages. It was also revealed that calcitriol favors M2 macrophage polarization. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that modulating expression of IL-33, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs with vitamin D supplementation may serve as a novel therapeutic to attenuate inflammation and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (V.R.); (M.M.R.)
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Tam J, Thankam F, Agrawal DK, Radwan MM. Critical Role of LOX-1-PCSK9 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Atheroma Formation and Its Instability. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1456-1466. [PMID: 34092505 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to annual deaths globally. Atherosclerosis is a prominent risk factor for CVD. Although significant developments have been recently made in the prevention and treatment, the molecular pathology of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Interestingly, the recent discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) introduced a new avenue to explore the molecular pathogenesis and novel management strategies for atherosclerosis. Initial research focussed on the PCSK9-mediated degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways by oxidised low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Recently, PCSK9 and lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) were shown to positively amplify each other pro-inflammatory activity and gene expression in endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this literature review, we provide insight into the reciprocal relationship between PCSK9 and LOX-1 in the pathogenesis of atheroma formation and plaque instability in atherosclerosis. Further understanding of the LOX-1-PCSK9 axis possesses tremendous translational potential to design novel management approaches for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. It was introduced into western medicine during the early 19th century. It contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents. More than 500 compounds have been reported from C. sativa, of which 125 cannabinoids have been isolated and/or identified as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are C21 terpeno-phenolic compounds specific to Cannabis. The non-cannabinoid constituents include: non-cannabinoid phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and others. This review discusses the chemistry of the cannabinoids and major non-cannabinoid constituents (terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids) with special emphasis on their chemical structures, methods of isolation, and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Shahbaz Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA;
- Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.C.)
- Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Yousef RG, Sakr HM, Eissa IH, Mehany ABM, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Abulkhair HS, El-Adl K. New quinoxaline-2(1 H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, molecular docking, ADMET profile and anti-proliferative evaluations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized as modified VEGFR-2 inhibitors of our previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda G. Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Helmy M. Sakr
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed. B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Elhendawy
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Hamada S. Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University – Egypt, International Costal Road, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Khaled. El-Adl
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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Eissa IH, Ibrahim MK, Metwaly AM, Belal A, Mehany ABM, Abdelhady AA, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Mahdy HA. Design, molecular docking, in vitro, and in vivo studies of new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as VEGFR-2 inhibitors with potential activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104532. [PMID: 33334586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of new VEGFR-2 inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cell line). Compound 29b (IC50 = 4.33 ± 0.2 µg/ml) was found to be the most potent derivative as it has showed to be more active than doxorubicin (IC50 = 4.50 ± 0.2 µg/ml) and 78% of sorafenib activity (IC50 = 3.40 ± 0.25 µg/ml). The inhibitory profiles against VEGFR-2 were also assessed for the most promising candidates (16b, 20c, 22b, 24a, 24b, 28c, 28e, 29a, 29b and 29c). Compounds 29b, 29c and 29a exhibited potent inhibitory activities towards VEGFR-2 at IC50 values of 3.1 ± 0.04, 3.4 ± 0.05 and 3.7 ± 0.06 µM, respectively, comparing sorafenib (IC50 = 2.4 ± 0.05 µM). Furthermorer, compound 29b induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle growth at G2/M phase. Additionally, in vivo antitumor experiments revealed that compounds 29b and 29c have significant tumor growth inhibition. The test of immuno-histochemical expression of activated caspase-3 revealed that there is a time-dependent increase in cleaved caspase-3 protein expression upon exposure of HepG-2 cells to compound 29b. Moreover, the fibroblastic proliferative index test revealed that compound 29b could attenuate liver fibrosis. Docking studies also supported the results concluded from the biological screening via prediction of the possible binding interactions of the target compounds with VEGFR-2 active sites using the crystal structure of VEGFR-2 downloaded from the Protein Data Bank, (PDB ID: 2OH4) using Discovery Studio 2.5 software. Further structural optimization of the most active candidates may serve as a useful strategy for getting new lead compounds in search for powerful and selective antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed K Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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Eissa IH, El-Helby AGA, Mahdy HA, Khalifa MM, Elnagar HA, Mehany AB, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, El-Adl K. Discovery of new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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El-Adl K, El-Helby AGA, Ayyad RR, Mahdy HA, Khalifa MM, Elnagar HA, Mehany ABM, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115872. [PMID: 33214036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting VEGFR-2 has been set up as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of cancer. Thus, nineteen new quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) using MTT assay method. Doxorubicin and sorafenib were used as positive controls. Five compounds were found to have promising cytotoxic activities against all cell lines. Compound 16f, containing a 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl group, has emerged as the most active member. It was approximately 4.39-, 5.73- and 1.96-fold more active than doxorubicin and 3.88-, 5.59- and 1.84-fold more active than sorafenib against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The most active cytotoxic agents were further evaluated in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. The results of in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition were consistent with that of the cytotoxicity data. Molecular docking of these compounds into the kinase domain, moreover, supported the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Ghany A El-Helby
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rezk R Ayyad
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Elnagar
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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El-Helby AGA, Sakr H, Ayyad RR, Mahdy HA, Khalifa MM, Belal A, Rashed M, El-Sharkawy A, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, in vivo studies and anticancer activity evaluation of new phthalazine derivatives as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wenger JP, Dabney CJ, ElSohly MA, Chandra S, Radwan MM, Majumdar CG, Weiblen GD. Validating a predictive model of cannabinoid inheritance with feral, clinical, and industrial Cannabis sativa. Am J Bot 2020; 107:1423-1432. [PMID: 33103246 PMCID: PMC7702092 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE How genetic variation within a species affects phytochemical composition is a fundamental question in botany. The ratio of two specialized metabolites in Cannabis sativa, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), can be grouped into three main classes (THC-type, CBD-type, and intermediate type). We tested a genetic model associating these three groups with functional and nonfunctional alleles of the cannabidiolic acid synthase gene (CBDAS). METHODS We characterized cannabinoid content and assayed CBDAS genotypes of >300 feral C. sativa plants in Minnesota, United States. We performed a test cross to assess CBDAS inheritance. Twenty clinical cultivars obtained blindly from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and 12 Canadian-certified grain cultivars were also examined. RESULTS Frequencies of CBD-type, intermediate-type, and THC-type feral plants were 0.88, 0.11, and 0.01, respectively. Although total cannabinoid content varied substantially, the three groupings were perfectly correlated with CBDAS genotypes. Genotype frequencies observed in the test cross were consistent with codominant Mendelian inheritance of the THC:CBD ratio. Despite significant mean differences in total cannabinoid content, CBDAS genotypes blindly predicted the THC:CBD ratio among clinical cultivars, and the same was true for industrial grain cultivars when plants exhibited >0.5% total cannabinoid content. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend the generality of the inheritance model for THC:CBD to diverse C. sativa accessions and demonstrate that CBDAS genotyping can predict the ratio in a variety of practical applications. Cannabinoid profiles and associated CBDAS segregation patterns suggest that feral C. sativa populations are potentially valuable experimental systems and sources of germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Wenger
- Department of Plant & Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN55108USA
| | - Clemon J. Dabney
- Department of Plant & Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN55108USA
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliverySchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Chandrani G. Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN55108USA
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Wylie PL, Westland J, Wang M, Radwan MM, Majumdar CG, ElSohly MA. Screening for More than 1,000 Pesticides and Environmental Contaminants in Cannabis by GC/Q-TOF. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2020; 3:14-24. [PMID: 34676338 PMCID: PMC8489331 DOI: 10.1159/000504391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A method has been developed to screen cannabis extracts for more than 1,000 pesticides and environmental pollutants using a gas chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC/Q-TOF). An extraction procedure was developed using acetonitrile with solid phase extraction cleanup. Before analysis, extracts were diluted 125:1 with solvent. Two data mining approaches were used together with a retention-time-locked Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL) containing high-resolution accurate mass spectra for pesticides and other environmental pollutants. (1) A Find-by-Fragments (FbF) software tool extracts several characteristic exact mass ions within a small retention time window where the compound elutes. For each compound in the PCDL, the software evaluates the peak shape and retention time of each ion as well as the monoisotopic exact mass, ion ratios, and other factors to decide if the compound is present or not. (2) A separate approach used Unknowns Analysis (UA) software with a peak-finding algorithm called SureMass to deconvolute peaks in the chromatogram. The accurate mass spectra were searched against the PCDL using spectral matching and retention time as filters. A subset PCDL was generated containing only pesticides that are most likely to be found on foods in the US. With about 250 compounds in the smaller PCDL, there were fewer hits for non-pesticides, and data review was much faster. Organically grown cannabis was used for method development. Twenty-one confiscated cannabis samples were analyzed and ten were found to have no detectable pesticides. The remaining 11 samples had at least one pesticide and one sample had seven detectable residues. Quantitative analysis was run on the confiscated samples for a subset of the pesticides found by screening. Two cannabis samples had residues of carbaryl and malathion that were estimated to be about 10 times greater than the highest US Environmental Protection Agency tolerance set for food and about 4,000 times greater than the Canadian maximum residue limits for dried cannabis flower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Chandrani G. Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, Mississippi, USA
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Shams Eldin SM, Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Habib AAM, Kassem FF, Hammoda HM, ElSohly MA. A Validated UPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of 3 Biologically Active Isoflavans in Trigonella stellata Extract. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20940118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/photodiode array method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trigonellan glucoside (1), isotrigonellan (2), and methoxy-isotrigonellan (3) in Trigonella stellata extract using an external standard method. The extract was prepared using a standardized method by maceration of the dried plant material in ethanol. The 3 isoflavans (1-3) were separated on an Acquity UPLC C18 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile, and ultraviolet detection. The method provides a linear correlation for all analytes over the investigated ranges with all correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. The validated lower limits of quantitation were 53, 127, and 5 μg/mL for isoflavans 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions (percent relative SD [RSD%]) were less than 8.3% and accuracy (RE%) ranged from 90% to 100%. The method’s capability to remain unaffected by small, but deliberate variations in method parameters (method’s reliability during normal usage) described by the robustness showed RSD% less than 4.6% measured by varying 3 different parameters. The validated method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the concentration of the 3 new isoflavans having anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. The results revealed that the validated method can be used for quality control of herbal preparations containing these or similar isoflavans that are marketed for the prevention of inflammation and as antidiabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa M. Shams Eldin
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Azim M. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fahima F. Kassem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Chandra S, Lata H, Mehmedic Z, Ali A, Baser KHC, Demirci B, ElSohly MA. Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils of Fresh and Air-Dried Buds of Cannabis chemovars, Their Insecticidal and Repellent Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20926729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile oils of fresh and air-dried buds of 3 different varieties of Cannabis, namely, high cannabidiol (CBD) chemotype, intermediate CBD/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) chemotype, and high THC chemotype were prepared by hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography analysis of the volatile oils resulted in the identification of 71 compounds, of which 33 were monoterpenes and 38 were sesquiterpenes. The volatile oil obtained from the THC chemotype showed an increase in the ratio of the sesquiterpenes to monoterpenes content. The content of terpinolene was dramatically decreased upon drying of THC chemotype. Moderate increase in β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide was observed. However, there was no detectable change in the percentage of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes content in both the intermediate type and CBD chemotype upon drying. The insecticidal activity of the volatile oils was evaluated. The oil obtained from the fresh and dried high CBD cannabis showed good biting deterrent activity at 10 ug/cm2 compared with N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide at 4.78 µg/cm2, and good larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Hemant Lata
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zlatko Mehmedic
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - KHC Baser
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Betul Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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Shaykoon MS, Marzouk AA, Soltan OM, Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Gouda AM, Youssif BGM, Abdel-Aziz M. Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomal activity of heteroaryl-based 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103933. [PMID: 32446119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thioacetamide 3a-b and 4a-b and 5-pyrazin-2-yl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thiones 9a-h were designed and synthesized. The compounds prepared have been identified using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 9a, 9b, 9d-e and 9f have been evaluated with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as a control drug for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei. Results showed that 3b was the most active compound in general and also more potent than control DFMO. 3b was 8 folds more potent than the reference with IC50 of 0.79 μM and IC90 of 1.35 μM, respectively compared to DFMO (IC50 = 6.10 μM and IC90 of 8.66 μM). The tested compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity with selectivity indices ranging from 12 (9d) to 102 (3b) against L6 cells. Docking study was performed into ten of T. brucei enzymes which have been identified as potential/valid targets for most of the antitrypanosomal agents. The results of the docking study revealed high binding scores toward many of the selected enzymes. A good correlation was observed only between log (IC50) of antitrypanosomal activity of the new compounds and their calculated Ki values against TryR enzyme (R2 = 0.726). Compound 3b, the most active as antitrypanosomal agents exhibited similar binding orientation and interaction to those of WP6 against TryR enzyme. However, in a next round of work, a complementary studies will be carried out to clarify the mechanism of action of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaser Sh Shaykoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
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Mahrous A, Radwan MM, Kamel SM. Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Novel MDP Calcium-Fluoride-Releasing Self-Adhesive Resin Cement After Thermocycling. INT J PERIODONT REST 2020; 40:445-455. [PMID: 32233200 DOI: 10.11607/prd.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to (1) investigate the micro-shear bond strength and failure mode of a novel methacryloxydecyl-dihydrogen-phosphate (MDP) calcium-fluoride-releasing self-adhesive resin cement (TheraCem, BISCO) to a tooth structure (enamel and dentin) and to yttrium-stabilized zirconia after thermocycling, and to (2) compare the results with a universal non-MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE) as a control. Enamel and dentin specimens (20 discs each) were obtained by using a diamond saw (IsoMet 4000, Buehler) with copious water coolant. Twenty zirconia plates were obtained from IPS e.max ZirCAD blocks (Ivoclar Vivadent) and sintered in an inFire HTC speed high-temperature furnace (Dentsply Sirona). Resin-cement micro-cylinders were created on the bonded surface and filled with the tested cements (n = 10 for each surface/cement combination): Group A (control) used non-MDP-containing RelyX, whilegroup B (tested cement) used MDP-containing TheraCem MDP. Cements were left to self-cure for 5 minutes. All specimens were thermocycled for 5,000 cycles (THE-1100, SD Mechatronik). Micro-shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and debonded surfaces were examined for failure mode analysis with all morphologic and ultrastructure changes using a scanning electron microscope (Quanta 250 Field Emission Gun, FEI) attached with an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) unit. The results were statistically analyzed. TheraCem had a slightly higher micro-shear bond strength (MPa) value than RelyX. Within enamel, TheraCem (6.46 ± 1.37 MPa) had a significantly higher mean μ-SBS value than RelyX (3.04 ± 0.99 MPa) (P = .002). Similarly, TheraCem in dentin (10.67 ± 1.27 MPa) had a significantly higher mean value than RelyX (6.46 ± 1.74 MPa) (P = .014). As for zirconia, TheraCem (39.76 ± 1.18 MPa) had a significantly higher mean μ-SBS value than RelyX (27.04 ± 1.92 MPa) (P < .001). Using MDP-containing calcium-fluoride-releasing self-adhesive resin cement (TheraCem) may improve bond strength to all tested substrates (enamel, dentin, and zirconia) and can be considered a promising cement for many clinicians. Further clinical studies are required to provide long-term clinical success data.
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Ismail A, Hassan HM, Moawad AS, Abdel Fattah SM, Sherif NH, Abdelmohsen UR, Radwan MM, Rateb ME, Hetta MH. Chemical composition and therapeutic potential of three Cycas species in brain damage and pancreatitis provoked by γ-radiation exposure in rats. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1722908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Banī Suwayf, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Moawad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Banī Suwayf, Egypt
| | - Salma M. Abdel Fattah
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noheir H. Sherif
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department,Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banī Suwayf, Egypt
| | - Usama R. Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Banī Suwayf, Egypt
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Mona H. Hetta
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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44
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Mahdy HA, Ibrahim MK, Metwaly AM, Belal A, Mehany AB, El-Gamal KM, El-Sharkawy A, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Elsohly MA, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, in vivo studies and anticancer evaluation of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Harris HM, Rousseau MA, Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Caldwell S, Sufka KJ, ElSohly MA. Role of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cannabis-Mediated Analgesia in Rats. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:177-182. [PMID: 31579834 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis sativa has been used for centuries in treating pain. However, the analgesic role of many of its constituents including terpenes is unknown. This research examined the contributions of terpenes (volatile oil) and cannabinoids in cannabis-mediated analgesia in rats. Methods: Animals received intraperitoneal administration of either vehicle, 10.0 or 18.0 mg/kg morphine, or various doses of the extract without terpenes, isolated terpenes, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or the full extract. Thirty minutes later animals were tested on hotplate and tail-flick tests of thermal nociception. One week later, rats received a second administration of test articles and were tested 30 min later in the abdominal writhing test of inflammatory nociception. Results: In the thermal assays, hotplate and tail-flick latencies for morphine-treated rats were dose dependent and significantly higher than vehicle-treated animals. All the cannabinoid compounds except for the isolated terpenes produced dose-dependent increases in hotplate and tail-flick latencies. In the inflammatory nociceptive assay, animals treated with vehicle and isolated terpenes demonstrated increased abdominal writhing, whereas all the cannabinoid compounds significantly decreased abdominal writhing responses. Conclusions: Overall, THC alone produced robust analgesia equivalent to the full cannabis extract, whereas terpenes alone did not produce analgesia. These data suggest the analgesic activity of cannabis is largely mediated by THC, whereas terpenes alone do not cause alterations in cannabis-mediated analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Harris
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Margaret A Rousseau
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Sylvia Caldwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Kenneth J Sufka
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.,Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, University, Mississippi
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46
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Eissa IH, Metwaly AM, Belal A, Mehany ABM, Ayyad RR, El-Adl K, Mahdy HA, Taghour MS, El-Gamal KMA, El-Sawah ME, Elmetwally SA, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA. Discovery and antiproliferative evaluation of new quinoxalines as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900123. [PMID: 31463953 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In continuation of our previous work on the design and synthesis of topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitors and DNA intercalators, a new series of quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of three cancer cell lines (Hep G-2, Hep-2, and Caco-2). Compounds 18b, 19b, 23, 25b, and 26 showed strong potencies against all tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.26 ± 0.1 to 2.91 ± 0.1 µM, comparable with those of doxorubicin (IC50 values ranging from 0.65 ± 0.1 to 0.81 ± 0.1 µM). The most active compounds were further evaluated for their Topo II inhibitory activities and DNA intercalating affinities. Compounds 19b and 19c exhibited high activities against Topo II (IC50 = 0.97 ± 0.1 and 1.10 ± 0.1 µM, respectively) and bound the DNA at concentrations of 43.51 ± 2.0 and 49.11 ± 1.8 µM, respectively, whereas compound 28b exhibited a significant affinity to bind the DNA with an IC50 value of 37.06 ± 1.8 µM. Moreover, apoptosis and cell-cycle tests of the most promising compound 19b were carried out. It was found that 19b can significantly induce apoptosis in Hep G-2 cells. It has revealed cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, compound 19b downregulated the Bcl-2 levels, indicating its potential to enhance apoptosis. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were carried out against the DNA-Topo II complex to examine the binding patterns of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rezk R Ayyad
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal M A El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamad E El-Sawah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Souad A Elmetwally
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, Mississippi
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El-Hamid HKA, Radwan MM. Influence of nano-silica additions on hydration characteristics and cytotoxicity of calcium aluminate as biomaterial. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02135. [PMID: 31372568 PMCID: PMC6661286 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites of nano-calcium aluminate 'CA' biocement, synthesized by a solid state reaction, were prepared with 5, 10 and 20 wt.% of nano-SiO2 particles. The influence of nano-SiO2 particle additions on the physico-mechanical properties and hydration characteristics of CA biocement was studied. Calcium ion concentrations and, pH values of the curing medium were measured. The hydration characteristics of pure and composite CA phase were studied by determining the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Evaluation of cytotoxicity against the skin normal human cell line BJ-1 was carried out. The results showed that the bulk density and micro-hardness of the composite CA containing 10 wt.% of nano-SiO2 were better than those of pure CA and composite prepared with higher weight percentages of nano-SiO2. Both pure and composite CA bio-cements showed no cytotoxicity, making these materials suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Abd El-Hamid
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - M M Radwan
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Ibrahim EA, Wang M, Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Majumdar CG, Avula B, Wang YH, Khan IA, Chandra S, Lata H, Hadad GM, Abdel Salam RA, Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA, ElSohly MA. Analysis of Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. Using GC/MS: Method Development, Validation, and Application. Planta Med 2019; 85:431-438. [PMID: 30646402 DOI: 10.1055/a-0828-8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the major components of the essential oils present in various Cannabis sativa L. varieties. These compounds are responsible for the distinctive aromas and flavors. Besides the quantification of the cannabinoids, determination of the terpenes in C. sativa strains could be of importance for the plant selection process. At the University of Mississippi, a GC-MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of terpenes in cannabis plant material, viz., α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, terpinolene, linalool, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide. The method was optimized and fully validated according to AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) guidelines against reference standards of selected terpenes. Samples were prepared by extraction of the plant material with ethyl acetate containing n-tridecane solution (100 µg/mL) as the internal standard. The concentration-response relationship for all analyzed terpenes using the developed method was linear with r2 values > 0.99. The average recoveries for all terpenes in spiked indoor cultivated samples were between 95.0 - 105.7%, with the exception of terpinolene (67 - 70%). The measured repeatability and intermediate precisions (% relative standard deviation) in all varieties ranged from 0.32 to 8.47%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for all targeted terpenes were determined to be 0.25 and 0.75 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method is highly selective, reliable, and accurate and has been applied to the simultaneous determination of these major terpenes in the C. sativa biomass produced by our facility at the University of Mississippi as well as in confiscated marijuana samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Chandrani G Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Baharthi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Hemant Lata
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Randa A Abdel Salam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amany K Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Safwat A Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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49
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Radwan MM, El-Deeb AH, Mousa MR, El-Sanousi AA, Shalaby MA. First report of fowl adenovirus 8a from commercial broiler chickens in Egypt: molecular characterization and pathogenicity. Poult Sci 2019; 98:97-104. [PMID: 30690614 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to isolate fowl adenovirus (FAdV) circulating in commercial meat-type chicken in Egypt during 2015 and to identify the pathogenicity of the isolated virus. Cloacal swabs were collected from 9 commercial broiler farms from chickens of 3-5 wk of age in Behira province in Egypt during 2015. FAdV was isolated on chicken embryo liver cells. The virus was identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting a conserved region in the hexon gene. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the L1 loop of the hexon gene revealed that the isolated viruses clustered with reference strains belonging to FAdV serotype 8a. This is the first record of FAdV from Egypt on the GenBank. The isolated virus is closely related to strains directly associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) causing considerable economic losses. Pathogenicity study of the virus did not show any mortality, although necropsy and histopathological examination displayed severe hepatitis and degenerative changes in the immune system after 5 d from infection, proving that the virus can cause IBH with intermittent shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt.,Boehringer Ingelheim scientific office, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sanousi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
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50
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Elhendawy MA, Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Azzaz NA, Toson ES, ElSohly MA. Chemical and Biological Studies of Cannabis sativa Roots. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2018; 1:104-111. [PMID: 32296742 DOI: 10.1159/000495582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical study of Cannabis sativa roots led to the isolation and identification of 10 compounds. Their chemical structures were unambiguously established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as friedelan-3-one (1), epifriedelanol (2), β-sitosterol (3), ergost-5-en-3-ol (4), methyl hexadecanoate (5), pentadecanoic acid (6), 10E-hexadecenoic acid (7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (8), β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (9) and p-coumaroyltyramine (10). Compounds 5-9 were reported for the first time from C. sativa roots. All the isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Compound 4 showed modest activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with an IC50 value of 13.7 μg/mL, while compound 10 displayed potent activity against Escherichia coli with an IC50 value of 0.8 μg/mL. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of p-coumaroyltyramine (10) in the extracts of different varieties of C. sativa roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Elhendawy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Nabil A Azzaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - ElShahat S Toson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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