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Maekawa M. [The nuclear receptor PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2023; 158:238-241. [PMID: 36990793 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the current study, we screened and identified rare variants in the PPARA gene (encoding PPARα) of schizophrenia subjects. In vitro study showed that those variants decreased activities of PPARα as a transcription factor. Ppara KO mice exhibited a deficit in the sensorimotor gating function and schizophrenia-related histological abnormalities. RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPARα regulates the expression of synaptogenesis signaling pathway-related genes in the brain. Remarkably, treatment of mice with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate alleviated an NMDA receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP)-induced spine pathology and reduced sensitivity to MK-801, another NMDA receptor antagonist. In conclusion, the current study further supports the idea that perturbation in the PPARα-regulated transcriptional machinery leads to a predisposition to schizophrenia, probably by affecting synapse physiology. This study also demonstrates that PPARα can serve as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Maekawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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2
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Shinozaki Y, Fukui K, Maekawa M, Toyoda K, Yoshiuchi H, Inagaki K, Uno K, Miyajima K, Ohta T. Unilateral nephrectomized SHR/NDmcr-cp rat shows a progressive decline of glomerular filtration with tubular interstitial lesions. Physiol Res 2023; 72:209-220. [PMID: 37159855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) is always used as an index of decline in renal function. However, there are few animal models of DKD that could be used to evaluate renal function based on GFR or Ccr. For this reason, it is desirable to develop animal models to assess renal function, which could also be used for the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for DKD. Therefore, we aimed to develop such animal model of DKD by using spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)/NDmcr-cp (cp/cp) rats with the characteristics of obese type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. As a result, we have found that unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) caused a chronic Ccr decline, development of glomerular sclerosis, tubular lesions, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, accompanied by renal anemia. Moreover, losartan-mixed diet suppressed the Ccr decline in UNx-performed SHR/NDmcr-cp rats (UNx-SHR/cp rats), with improvement in renal anemia and histopathological changes. These results suggest that UNx-SHR/cp rats could be used as a DKD model for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents based on suppression of renal function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Umaru BA, Kagawa Y, Ohsaki Y, Pan Y, Chen CT, Chen DK, Abe T, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S, Maekawa M, Yamamoto Y, Wannakul T, Yang S, Bazinet RP, Owada Y. Oleic acid‐bound
FABP7
drives glioma cell proliferation through regulation of nuclear lipid droplet formation. FEBS J 2022; 290:1798-1821. [PMID: 36325660 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7), one of the fatty acid (FA) chaperones involved in the modulation of intracellular FA metabolism, is highly expressed in glioblastoma, and its expression is associated with decreased patients' prognosis. Previously, we demonstrated that FABP7 requires its binding partner to exert its function and that a mutation in the FA-binding site of FABP7 affects tumour biology. Here, we explored the role of FA ligand binding for FABP7 function in tumour proliferation and examined the mechanism of FABP7 and ligand interaction in tumour biology. We discovered that among several FA treatment, oleic acid (OA) boosted cell proliferation of FABP7-expressing cells. In turn, OA increased FABP7 nuclear localization, and the accumulation of FABP7-OA complex in the nucleus induced the formation of nuclear lipid droplet (nLD), as well as an increase in colocalization of nLD with promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear bodies. Furthermore, OA increased mRNA levels of proliferation-related genes in FABP7-expressing cells through histone acetylation. Interestingly, these OA-boosted functions were abrogated in FABP7-knockout cells and mutant FABP7-overexpressing cells. Thus, our findings suggest that FABP7-OA intracellular interaction may modulate nLD formation and the epigenetic status thereby enhancing transcription of proliferation-regulating genes, ultimately driving tumour cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy (1), School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan
| | - Yijun Pan
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Chuck T. Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Daniel K. Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Toshiaki Abe
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Fukumuro Miyagino‐ku Sendai 980‐8578 Japan
| | - Tunyanat Wannakul
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
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Maekawa M, Maekawa T, Sasase T, Takagi K, Takeuchi S, Kitamoto M, Nakagawa T, Toyoda K, Konishi N, Ohta T, Yamada T. Pathophysiological Analysis of Uninephrectomized db/db Mice as a Model of Severe Diabetic Kidney Disease. Physiol Res 2022; 71:209-217. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, included in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is the primary disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or dialysis treatment, accounting for more than 40% of all patients with ESRD or receiving dialysis. Developing new therapeutics to prevent the transition to ESRD or dialysis treatment requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of DKD and an appropriate animal model for drug efficacy studies. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes in uninephrectomized db/db mice. In addition, the nephrectomized db/db mice from 10 weeks to 42 weeks were used to assess the efficacy of long-term administration of the angiotensin-II–receptor antagonist losartan. The blood and urinary biochemical parameters and the blood pressure which is a main pharmacological endpoint of the losartan therapy, were periodically measured. And at the end, histopathological analysis was performed. Uninephrectomized db/db mice clearly developed obesity and hyperglycemia from young age. Furthermore, they showed renal pathophysiological changes, such as increased urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) (the peak value 3104±986 in 40-week-old mice), glomerular hypertrophy and increased fibrotic areas in the tubulointerstitial tubules. The blood pressure in the losartan group was significantly low compared to the normotensive Vehicle group. However, as expected, Losartan suppressed the increase in UACR (829±500) indicating the medication was sufficient, but the histopathological abnormalities including tubular interstitial fibrosis did not improve. These results suggest that the uninephrectomized db/db mice are useful as an animal model of the severe DKD indicated by the comparison of the efficacy of losartan in this model with the efficacy of losartan in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Maekawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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Miyashita A, Maekawa M, Shimoyama Y, Seko N, Kawasuso A, Umetsu RY. High-density magnetic-vacancy inclusion in Co 2MnGa single crystal probed by spin-polarized positron annihilation spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:045701. [PMID: 34695811 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co2MnGa is a Weyl semimetal exhibiting giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effects. Using spin-polarized positron annihilation spectroscopy, we examined a Bridgman-grown Co2MnGa single crystal with a nearly perfectL21-ordered structure and a reference Co2MnAl polycrystal with a Mn-Al-disorderedB2 structure. We found that a large amount of magnetic vacancies (more than 100 ppm) were included in the Co2MnGa crystal but not the Co2MnAl crystal. We discuss possible reasons for the inclusion of vacancies, the role of vacancies in the development of the ordered structure, and the electronic states associated with the vacancies. Toward the development of Co2MnGa-based devices, the manners for reducing vacancies as well as the influence of vacancies on the electrical transport properties should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miyashita
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Y Shimoyama
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - N Seko
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Kawasuso
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - R Y Umetsu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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Maekawa M, Miyashita A, Sakai S, Li S, Entani S, Kawasuso A, Sakuraba Y. Spin-Polarized Positronium Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy for Probing Spin-Polarized Surface Electronic States. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:186401. [PMID: 34018791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy spectrum of positronium atoms generated at a solid surface reflects the electron density of states (DOS) associated solely with the first surface layer. Using spin-polarized positrons, the spin-dependent surface DOS can be studied. For this purpose, we have developed a spin-polarized positronium time-of-flight spectroscopy apparatus based on a ^{22}Na positron source and an electrostatic beam transportation system, which enables the sampling of topmost surface electrons around the Γ point and near the Fermi level. We applied this technique to nonmagnetic Pt(111) and W(001), ferromagnetic Ni(111), Co(0001) and graphene on them, Co_{2}FeGa_{0.5}Ge_{0.5} (CFGG) and Co_{2}MnSi (CMS). The results showed that the electrons of Ni(111) and Co(0001) surfaces have characteristic negative spin polarizations, while these spin polarizations vanished upon graphene deposition, suggesting that the spin polarizations of graphene on Ni(111) and Co(0001) were mainly induced at the Dirac points that were out of range in the present measurement. The CFGG and CMS surfaces also exhibited only weak spin polarizations suggesting that the half-metallicity expected for these bulk states was not maintained at the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maekawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Miyashita
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Li
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Entani
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Kawasuso
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Y Sakuraba
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Ohnishi T, Kiyama Y, Arima‐Yoshida F, Kadota M, Ichikawa T, Yamada K, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Tanaka K, Nakaya A, Horiuchi Y, Iwayama Y, Toyoshima M, Ogawa I, Shimamoto‐Mitsuyama C, Maekawa M, Balan S, Arai M, Miyashita M, Toriumi K, Nozaki Y, Kurokawa R, Suzuki K, Yoshikawa A, Toyota T, Hosoya T, Okuno H, Bito H, Itokawa M, Kuraku S, Manabe T, Yoshikawa T. Cooperation of LIM domain-binding 2 (LDB2) with EGR in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12574. [PMID: 33656268 PMCID: PMC8033514 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic defects with large effect size can help elucidate unknown pathologic architecture of mental disorders. We previously reported on a patient with schizophrenia and a balanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 13 and found that the breakpoint within chromosome 4 is located near the LDB2 gene. We show here that Ldb2 knockout (KO) mice displayed multiple deficits relevant to mental disorders. In particular, Ldb2 KO mice exhibited deficits in the fear-conditioning paradigm. Analysis of the amygdala suggested that dysregulation of synaptic activities controlled by the immediate early gene Arc is involved in the phenotypes. We show that LDB2 forms protein complexes with known transcription factors. Consistently, ChIP-seq analyses indicated that LDB2 binds to > 10,000 genomic sites in human neurospheres. We found that many of those sites, including the promoter region of ARC, are occupied by EGR transcription factors. Our previous study showed an association of the EGR family genes with schizophrenia. Collectively, the findings suggest that dysregulation in the gene expression controlled by the LDB2-EGR axis underlies a pathogenesis of subset of mental disorders.
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Balan S, Ohnishi T, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyoshima M, Hara T, Hisano Y, Miyasaka Y, Toyota T, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Maekawa M, Numata S, Ohmori T, Shimogori T, Kikkawa Y, Hayashi T, Yoshikawa T. Role of an Atypical Cadherin Gene, Cdh23 in Prepulse Inhibition, and Implication of CDH23 in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1190-1200. [PMID: 33595068 PMCID: PMC8266601 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G>A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G>A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G>A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hara
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Deafness Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Deafness Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Agricultural Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Office, Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; tel: +81-48-467-5968, fax: +81-48-467-7462, e-mail:
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Wada Y, Maekawa M, Ohnishi T, Balan S, Matsuoka S, Iwamoto K, Iwayama Y, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Hisano Y, Nozaki Y, Toyota T, Shimogori T, Itokawa M, Kobayashi T, Yoshikawa T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103130. [PMID: 33279456 PMCID: PMC7728824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a major psychiatric disorder, remains elusive. In this study, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) families, belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily, in schizophrenia, was analyzed. METHODS The PPAR/RXR family genes were screened by exploiting molecular inversion probe (MIP)-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the samples of 1,200 Japanese patients with schizophrenia. The results were compared with the whole-genome sequencing databases of the Japanese cohort (ToMMo) and the gnomAD. To reveal the relationship between PPAR/RXR dysfunction and schizophrenia, Ppara KO mice and fenofibrate (a clinically used PPARα agonist)-administered mice were assessed by performing behavioral, histological, and RNA-seq analyses. FINDINGS Our findings indicate that c.209-2delA, His117Gln, Arg141Cys, and Arg226Trp of the PPARA gene are risk variants for schizophrenia. The c.209-2delA variant generated a premature termination codon. The three missense variants significantly decreased the activity of PPARα as a transcription factor in vitro. The Ppara KO mice exhibited schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes, including behavioral deficits and impaired synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex. Oral administration of fenofibrate alleviated spine pathology induced by phencyclidine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Furthermore, pre-treatment with fenofibrate suppressed the sensitivity of mice to another NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPARα regulates the expression of synaptogenesis signaling pathway-related genes. INTERPRETATION The findings of this study indicate that the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia pathogenesis involve PPARα-regulated transcriptional machinery and modulation of synapse physiology. Hence, PPARα can serve as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Wada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Center for Medical Cooperation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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10
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Kawasuso A, Wada K, Miyashita A, Maekawa M, Iwamori H, Iida S, Nagashima Y. Positronium formation at 4H SiC(0001) surfaces. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 33:035006. [PMID: 33017809 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbe7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Positronium formation at 4H SiC(0001) surfaces were investigated upon the removal of natural oxide layers by hydrofluoric acid etching and heat treatment at 1000 K in ultra-high vacuum. Two types of positronium were observed in the positronium time-of-flight (PsTOF) measurements irrespective of conduction type and surface polarity. One type formed the major part of the PsTOF spectrum with a maximum energy of 4.7 ± 0.3 eV. This energy exceeded the theoretical value calculated with valence electrons. The PsTOF spectrum shape was different from those of metal surfaces, suggesting that the surface state electrons or conduction electrons need to be considered as the positronium source. Another positronium appeared at 1000 K in the tail of the PsTOF spectrum with a maximum energy of 0.2-0.5 eV. This thermally-assisted athermal positronium may be formed via the surface state positrons and electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kawasuso
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - K Wada
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Miyashita
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - H Iwamori
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - S Iida
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Y Nagashima
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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11
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Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Nakaya A, Esaki K, Balan S, Iwayama Y, Ohnishi T, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Dean B, Yoshikawa T. Lipid Pathology of the Corpus Callosum in Schizophrenia and the Potential Role of Abnormal Gene Regulatory Networks with Reduced Microglial Marker Expression. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:448-462. [PMID: 32924060 PMCID: PMC7727339 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes in the corpus callosum have been reported in schizophrenia; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. As the corpus callosum is high in lipid content, we analyzed the lipid contents of the corpora callosa from 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 age- and sex-matched controls using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and identified lipid combinations associated with schizophrenia. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses using extended samples (schizophrenia, n = 95; control, n = 91) showed low expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and their potential upstream transcription factors in schizophrenia. Subsequent pathway analysis identified a gene regulatory network where nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) is placed most upstream. We also observed low gene expression levels of microglial markers, inflammatory cytokines, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), which is known to regulate the density of microglia, in the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. The interactions between CSF1R and several genes in the presently identified gene network originating from NFATC2 have been reported. Collectively, this study provides evidence regarding lipid abnormalities in the corpora callosa of patients with schizophrenia and proposes the potential role of impaired “NFATC2-relevant gene network-microglial axis” as its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Genome Data Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Howard Florey Laboratories, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Maekawa M, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Hamazaki K, Balan S, Wada Y, Esaki K, Takagai S, Tsuchiya KJ, Nakamura K, Iwata Y, Nara T, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Nozaki Y, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Hisano Y, Matsuoka S, Tsujii M, Mori N, Matsuzaki H, Yoshikawa T. A potential role of fatty acid binding protein 4 in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa145. [PMID: 33225276 PMCID: PMC7667725 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and characteristic patterns of behaviour. Although the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, being overweight or obesity during infancy and low weight at birth are known as risks, suggesting a metabolic aspect. In this study, we investigated adipose tissue development as a pathophysiological factor of autism spectrum disorder by examining the serum levels of adipokines and other metabolic markers in autism spectrum disorder children (n = 123) and typically developing children (n = 92) at 4–12 years of age. Among multiple measures exhibiting age-dependent trajectories, the leptin levels displayed different trajectory patterns between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children, supporting an adipose tissue-dependent mechanism of autism spectrum disorder. Of particular interest, the levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly lower in autism spectrum disorder children than in typically developing subjects, at preschool age (4–6 years old: n = 21 for autism spectrum disorder and n = 26 for typically developing). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis discriminated autism spectrum disorder children from typically developing children with a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 75.0%. We re-sequenced the exons of the FABP4 gene in a Japanese cohort comprising 659 autism spectrum disorder and 1000 control samples, and identified two rare functional variants in the autism spectrum disorder group. The Trp98Stop, one of the two variants, was transmitted to the proband from his mother with a history of depression. The disruption of the Fabp4 gene in mice evoked autism spectrum disorder-like behavioural phenotypes and increased spine density on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, which has been observed in the postmortem brains of autism spectrum disorder subjects. The Fabp4 knockout mice had an altered fatty acid composition in the cortex. Collectively, these results suggest that an ‘adipo-brain axis’ may underlie the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder, with FABP4 as a potential molecule for use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence to: Motoko Maekawa, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuina Wada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Takeo Yoshikawa. E-mail:
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13
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Srivastava A, Chahar V, Sharma V, Acharya R, Ajith N, Swain KK, Knolle F, Maekawa M, Schnug E, Srivastava T. Quantification of multielements for mobilization study in water and sediments of Satluj River and Harike Wetland using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Usui N, Iwata K, Miyachi T, Takagai S, Wakusawa K, Nara T, Tsuchiya KJ, Matsumoto K, Kurita D, Kameno Y, Wakuda T, Takebayashi K, Iwata Y, Fujioka T, Hirai T, Toyoshima M, Ohnishi T, Toyota T, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa M, Nakamura K, Tsujii M, Sugiyama T, Mori N, Matsuzaki H. VLDL-specific increases of fatty acids in autism spectrum disorder correlate with social interaction. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102917. [PMID: 32739868 PMCID: PMC7393524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of lipid metabolism contributing to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathogenesis have been suggested, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the lipid metabolism in ASD and to explore a biomarker for clinical evaluation. METHODS An age-matched case-control study was designed. Lipidomics was conducted using the plasma samples from 30 children with ASD compared to 30 typical developmental control (TD) children. Large-scale lipoprotein analyses were also conducted using the serum samples from 152 children with ASD compared to 122 TD children. Data comparing ASD to TD subjects were evaluated using univariate (Mann-Whitney test) and multivariate analyses (conditional logistic regression analysis) for main analyses using cofounders (diagnosis, sex, age, height, weight, and BMI), Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and discriminant analyses. FINDINGS Forty-eight significant metabolites involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, oxidative stress, and synaptic function were identified in the plasma of ASD children by lipidomics. Among these, increased fatty acids (FAs), such as omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), showed correlations with clinical social interaction score and ASD diagnosis. Specific reductions of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apoprotein B (APOB) in serum of ASD children also were found by large-scale lipoprotein analysis. VLDL-specific reduction in ASD was correlated with APOB, indicating VLDL-specific dyslipidaemia associated with APOB in ASD children. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrated that the increases in FAs correlated positively with social interaction are due to VLDL-specific degradation, providing novel insights into the lipid metabolism underlying ASD pathophysiology. FUNDING This study was supported mainly by MEXT, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Center for Medical Research and Education, and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Taishi Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakusawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 989-3126, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 989-3126, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Psychology, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa 921-8054, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kameno
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Wakuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Takebayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka 437-1216, Japan
| | - Toru Fujioka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takaharu Hirai
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka 437-1216, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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15
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Karayama M, Masuda J, Mori K, Yasui H, Hozumi H, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Fujisawa T, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T, Maekawa M, Sugimura H, Takada A. Comprehensive assessment of multiple tryptophan metabolites as potential biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:418-423. [PMID: 32533317 PMCID: PMC7854397 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tryptophan metabolites have immunomodulatory functions, suggesting possible roles in cancer immunity. Methods Plasma tryptophan metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry before immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results The 19 patients with NSCLC had significantly lower levels of tryptophan (p = 0.002) and xanthurenic acid (p = 0.032), and a significantly higher level of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) (p = 0.028) compared with the 10 healthy volunteers. The patients achieving objective responses had significantly lower levels of 3-HAA than those who did not (p = 0.045). Receiver operating characteristic analyses determined that the cutoff value of 3-HAA for objective response was 35.4 pmol/mL (sensitivity: 87.5% and specificity: 83.3%). The patients with 3-HAA < 35.4 pmol/mL had significantly longer median progression-free survival (7.0 months) than those without (1.6 months, p = 0.022). Conclusions Tryptophan metabolites may have a potential for predicting the efficacy of ICIs. Registration number University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry 000026140. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12094-020-02421-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - J Masuda
- Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 3801 Hadano, Kanagawa, 259-1034, Japan
| | - K Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, 1231 Miyakami, Shizuoka, 424-8636, Japan
| | - H Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - H Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - K Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - T Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - N Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - N Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - T Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - H Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - A Takada
- International Projects On Food and Health, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Ohnishi T, Balan S, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Maekawa M, Hisano Y, Iwayama Y, Owada Y, Yoshikawa T. Evaluation of the role of fatty acid-binding protein 7 in controlling schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes using newly established knockout mice. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:52-59. [PMID: 30765249 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dampened prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a consistent observation in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and qualifies as a robust endophenotype for genetic evaluation. Using high PPI C57BL/6NCrlCrlj (B6Nj) and low PPI C3H/HeNCrlCrlj (C3HNj) inbred mouse strains, we have previously reported a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for PPI at chromosome 10 and identified Fabp7 as a candidate gene for regulating PPI and schizophrenia pathogenesis using Fabp7-deficient mice (B6.Cg-Fabp7 KO). Here, considering a possibility of carryover of residual genetic materials from embryonic stem (ES) cells used in generating knockout (KO) mice, we set out to re-address the genotype-phenotype correlation in a uniform genetic background. By generating a new Fabp7 KO mouse model in C57BL/6NCrl (B6N) background using the CRISPR-Cas9 nickase system, we evaluated the impact of Fabp7 ablation on schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotypes. To our surprise, we found no significant differences in PPI or any of the schizophrenia-related behavioral scores, as observed in our previous B6.Cg-Fabp7 KO mice. We identified several C3H/He mouse strain-specific alleles within the interval of chromosome 10-QTL, which are shared with 129/Sv mouse strains. These alleles, derived from 129/Sv ES cells, were retained in the B6.Cg-Fabp7 KO, despite multiple backcrossing and are thought to be responsible for the dampened PPI. In summary, our study demonstrates a precise genotype-phenotype relation for Fabp7 loss-of-function in a uniform B6N background, and raises the necessity of further analysis of the effects of genomic variants flanking the Fabp7 interval on phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Ide M, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Balan S, Maekawa M, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Iwayama Y, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Ishii T, Shibuya N, Kimura Y, Hisano Y, Murata Y, Hara T, Morikawa M, Hashimoto K, Nozaki Y, Toyota T, Wada Y, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Nishi A, Fujisawa S, Okano H, Itokawa M, Hirokawa N, Kunii Y, Kakita A, Yabe H, Iwamoto K, Meno K, Katagiri T, Dean B, Uchida K, Kimura H, Yoshikawa T. Excess hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides production underlies a schizophrenia pathophysiology. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10695. [PMID: 31657521 PMCID: PMC6895609 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with the C3H background show greater behavioral propensity for schizophrenia, including lower prepulse inhibition (PPI), than C57BL/6 (B6) mice. To characterize as-yet-unknown pathophysiologies of schizophrenia, we undertook proteomics analysis of the brain in these strains, and detected elevated levels of Mpst, a hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)/polysulfide-producing enzyme, and greater sulfide deposition in C3H than B6 mice. Mpst-deficient mice exhibited improved PPI with reduced storage sulfide levels, while Mpst-transgenic (Tg) mice showed deteriorated PPI, suggesting that "sulfide stress" may be linked to PPI impairment. Analysis of human samples demonstrated that the H2 S/polysulfides production system is upregulated in schizophrenia. Mechanistically, the Mpst-Tg brain revealed dampened energy metabolism, while maternal immune activation model mice showed upregulation of genes for H2 S/polysulfides production along with typical antioxidative genes, partly via epigenetic modifications. These results suggest that inflammatory/oxidative insults in early brain development result in upregulated H2 S/polysulfides production as an antioxidative response, which in turn cause deficits in bioenergetic processes. Collectively, this study presents a novel aspect of the neurodevelopmental theory for schizophrenia, unraveling a role of excess H2 S/polysulfides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ide
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Research& Development Department, MCBI Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shibuya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yui Murata
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuina Wada
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Center for Medical Cooperation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohji Meno
- Research& Development Department, MCBI Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Katagiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Howard Florey Laboratories, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Vic., Australia
| | - Kazuhiko Uchida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Ohnishi T, Balan S, Toyoshima M, Maekawa M, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Iwayama Y, Fujita Y, Tan Y, Hisano Y, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Nozaki Y, Esaki K, Nagaoka A, Matsumoto J, Hino M, Mataga N, Hayashi-Takagi A, Hashimoto K, Kunii Y, Kakita A, Yabe H, Yoshikawa T. Investigation of betaine as a novel psychotherapeutic for schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:432-446. [PMID: 31255657 PMCID: PMC6642071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betaine is known to act against various biological stresses and its levels were reported to be decreased in schizophrenia patients. We aimed to test the role of betaine in schizophrenia pathophysiology, and to evaluate its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic. Methods Using Chdh (a gene for betaine synthesis)-deficient mice and betaine-supplemented inbred mice, we assessed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology, and its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic, by leveraging metabolomics, behavioral-, transcriptomics and DNA methylation analyses. Findings The Chdh-deficient mice revealed remnants of psychiatric behaviors along with schizophrenia-related molecular perturbations in the brain. Betaine supplementation elicited genetic background-dependent improvement in cognitive performance, and suppressed methamphetamine (MAP)-induced behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, betaine rectified the altered antioxidative and proinflammatory responses induced by MAP and in vitro phencyclidine (PCP) treatments. Betaine also showed a prophylactic effect on behavioral abnormality induced by PCP. Notably, betaine levels were decreased in the postmortem brains from schizophrenia, and a coexisting elevated carbonyl stress, a form of oxidative stress, demarcated a subset of schizophrenia with “betaine deficit-oxidative stress pathology”. We revealed the decrease of betaine levels in glyoxylase 1 (GLO1)-deficient hiPSCs, which shows elevated carbonyl stress, and the efficacy of betaine in alleviating it, thus supporting a causal link between betaine and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, a CHDH variant, rs35518479, was identified as a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) for CHDH expression in postmortem brains from schizophrenia, allowing genotype-based stratification of schizophrenia patients for betaine efficacy. Interpretation The present study revealed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology and underscores the potential benefit of betaine in a subset of schizophrenia. Fund This study was supported by the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) under Grant Numbers JP18dm0107083 and JP19dm0107083 (TY), JP18dm0107129 (MM), JP18dm0107086 (YK), JP18dm0107107 (HY), JP18dm0107104 (AK) and JP19dm0107119 (KH), by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the MEXT under Grant Numbers JP18H05435 (TY), JP18H05433 (AH.-T), JP18H05428 (AH.-T and TY), and JP16H06277 (HY), and by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Number JP17H01574 (TY). In addition, this study was supported by the Collaborative Research Project of Brain Research Institute, Niigata University under Grant Numbers 2018–2809 (YK) and RIKEN Epigenetics Presidential Fund (100214–201801063606-340120) (TY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mataga
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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19
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Maekawa M, Ohnishi T, Balan S, Hisano Y, Nozaki Y, Ohba H, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Tabata C, Wada Y, Yoshikawa T. Thiosulfate promotes hair growth in mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:114-122. [PMID: 30200826 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1518705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the hair growth-promoting effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a widely used compound, in mice. STS accelerated hair growth in the "telogen model", suggesting that it stimulates telogen hair follicles to reenter the anagen phase of hair growth. In the same model, STS potentiated hair growth in an additive manner with minoxidil (MXD), a drug used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, in the "anagen model", STS promoted hair growth, probably by promoting hair follicle proliferation. Since STS elevated the skin surface temperature, its hair growth-promoting activity may be partly due to vasorelaxation, similar to MXD. In addition, STS is known to generate a gaseous mediator, H2S, which has vasorelaxation and anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative stress activities. Therefore, STS and/or provisionally its metabolite, H2S, may aid the hair growth process. Collectively, these results suggest that salts of thiosulfate may represent a novel and beneficial remedy for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Maekawa
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Chinatsu Tabata
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan.,b Department of Biological Sciences , Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuina Wada
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan.,b Department of Biological Sciences , Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
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20
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Yamagami S, Adachi T, Sugimura T, Wada S, Kishimoto T, Maekawa M, Yoshimura R, Niwa M, Terano Y, Shaldon S. Detection of Endotoxin Antibody in Long-Term Dialysis Patients. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889001300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins are often seen in dialysate. They are derived from Gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas, E. coli and Serratia. Endotoxins are large-molecular-weight substances with an average molecular weight of 108. These large units can be divided into subunits down to a molecular weight of 10,000 which are thought to pass through dialyzer membranes. To investigate this, endotoxin antibody levels were measured in two groups of patients on chronic regular hemodialysis, a low-flux group using cellulosic membrane dialyzers (cuprophanR and cuproammonium rayon (CAR) and a high-flux group using synthetic polymer membrane dialyzers (PMMA, EVAL). Using an ELISA based on standard endotoxin antibodies the percentages of patients in the low flux group with endotoxin antibodies were 26.9% with Cuprophan and 25% with CAR, not significantly different from a normal control group. In the PMMA and EVAL groups, it was 53.6% and 68.4% respectively. Back filtration of dialysate into blood is understood as the main reason for the entry of endotoxin in patients treated with high-flux dialyzers
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Yamagami
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - T. Adachi
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - T. Sugimura
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - S. Wada
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - T. Kishimoto
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - M. Maekawa
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - R. Yoshimura
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - M. Niwa
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - Y. Terano
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
| | - S. Shaldon
- Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka - Japan
- University Hospital Nimes, Montpellier- France
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21
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Matsuura A, Ishima T, Fujita Y, Iwayama Y, Hasegawa S, Kawahara-Miki R, Maekawa M, Toyoshima M, Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Kida S, Yoshikawa T, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Dietary glucoraphanin prevents the onset of psychosis in the adult offspring after maternal immune activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2158. [PMID: 29391571 PMCID: PMC5794794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) contributes to behavioral abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adult offspring, although the molecular mechanisms underlying MIA-induced behavioral changes remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that dietary intake of glucoraphanin (GF), the precursor of a natural antioxidant sulforaphane, during juvenile and adolescent stages prevented cognitive deficits and loss of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult offspring after MIA. Gene set enrichment analysis by RNA sequencing showed that MIA caused abnormal expression of centrosome-related genes in the PFC and hippocampus of adult offspring, and that dietary intake of GF improved these abnormal gene expressions. Particularly, MIA increased the expression of suppressor of fermentation-induced loss of stress resistance protein 1 (Sfi1) mRNA in the PFC and hippocampus of adult offspring, and dietary intake of GF prevented the expression of Sfi1 mRNA in these regions. Interestingly, we found altered expression of SFI1 in the postmortem brains and SFI1 mRNA in hair follicle cells from patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Overall, these data suggest that centrosome-related genes may play a role in the onset of psychosis in offspring after MIA. Therefore, dietary intake of GF-rich vegetables in high-risk psychosis subjects may prevent the transition to psychosis in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsuura
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hasegawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, 329-2762, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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22
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Himoto K, Suzuki S, Okubo T, Maekawa M, Kuroda-Sowa T. A new semiconducting 1D Cu(i)–Cu(ii) mixed-valence coordination polymer with Cu(ii) dimethylpiperidine–dithiocarbamate and a tetranuclear Cu(i)–Br cluster unit. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new 1D semiconducting mixed-valence Cu(i)–Cu(ii) coordination polymer was synthesized and characterized using impedance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Himoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Kindai University
- 3-4-1 Kowakae
- Higashi-Osaka
- Japan
| | - S. Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Kindai University
- 3-4-1 Kowakae
- Higashi-Osaka
- Japan
| | - T. Okubo
- Department of Chemistry
- Kindai University
- 3-4-1 Kowakae
- Higashi-Osaka
- Japan
| | - M. Maekawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology
- Kindai University
- 3-4-1 Kowakae
- Higashi-Osaka
- Japan
| | - T. Kuroda-Sowa
- Department of Chemistry
- Kindai University
- 3-4-1 Kowakae
- Higashi-Osaka
- Japan
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23
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Maekawa M, Watanabe A, Iwayama Y, Kimura T, Hamazaki K, Balan S, Ohba H, Hisano Y, Nozaki Y, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Iwamoto K, Bundo M, Osumi N, Takahashi E, Takashima A, Yoshikawa T. Polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency during neurodevelopment in mice models the prodromal state of schizophrenia through epigenetic changes in nuclear receptor genes. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1229. [PMID: 28872641 PMCID: PMC5639238 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of schizophrenia is increased in offspring whose mothers experience malnutrition during pregnancy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary components that are crucial for the structural and functional integrity of neural cells, and PUFA deficiency has been shown to be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Here, we show that gestational and early postnatal dietary deprivation of two PUFAs-arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-elicited schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mouse offspring at adulthood. In the PUFA-deprived mouse group, we observed lower motivation and higher sensitivity to a hallucinogenic drug resembling the prodromal symptoms in schizophrenia. Furthermore, a working-memory task-evoked hyper-neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex was also observed, along with the downregulation of genes in the prefrontal cortex involved in oligodendrocyte integrity and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system. Regulation of these genes was mediated by the nuclear receptor genes Rxr and Ppar, whose promoters were hyper-methylated by the deprivation of dietary AA and DHA. In addition, the RXR agonist bexarotene upregulated oligodendrocyte- and GABA-related gene expression and suppressed the sensitivity of mice to the hallucinogenic drug. Notably, the expression of these nuclear receptor genes were also downregulated in hair-follicle cells from schizophrenia patients. These results suggest that PUFA deficiency during the early neurodevelopmental period in mice could model the prodromal state of schizophrenia through changes in the epigenetic regulation of nuclear receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan,Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. E-mail: or
| | - A Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - S Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - H Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - C Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - M Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - N Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - E Takahashi
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Takashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan,Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. E-mail: or
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24
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Balan S, Yamada K, Iwayama Y, Hashimoto T, Toyota T, Shimamoto C, Maekawa M, Takagai S, Wakuda T, Kameno Y, Kurita D, Yamada K, Kikuchi M, Hashimoto T, Kanahara N, Yoshikawa T. Comprehensive association analysis of 27 genes from the GABAergic system in Japanese individuals affected with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 185:33-40. [PMID: 28073605 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system in schizophrenia pathogenesis through disrupted neurodevelopment has been highlighted in numerous studies. However, the function of common genetic variants of this system in determining schizophrenia risk is unknown. We therefore tested the association of 375 tagged SNPs in genes derived from the GABAergic system, such as GABAA receptor subunit genes, and GABA related genes (glutamate decarboxylase genes, GABAergic-marker gene, genes involved in GABA receptor trafficking and scaffolding) in Japanese schizophrenia case-control samples (n=2926; 1415 cases and 1511 controls). We observed nominal association of SNPs in nine GABAA receptor subunit genes and the GPHN gene with schizophrenia, although none survived correction for study-wide multiple testing. Two SNPs located in the GABRA1 gene, rs4263535 (Pallele=0.002; uncorrected) and rs1157122 (Pallele=0.006; uncorrected) showed top hits, followed by rs723432 (Pallele=0.007; uncorrected) in the GPHN gene. All three were significantly associated with schizophrenia and survived gene-wide multiple testing. Haplotypes containing associated variants in GABRA1 but not GPHN were significantly associated with schizophrenia. To conclude, we provided substantiating genetic evidence for the involvement of the GABAergic system in schizophrenia susceptibility. These results warrant further investigations to replicate the association of GABRA1 and GPHN with schizophrenia and to discern the precise mechanisms of disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Wakuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kameno
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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25
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Morimura N, Yasuda H, Yamaguchi K, Katayama KI, Hatayama M, Tomioka NH, Odagawa M, Kamiya A, Iwayama Y, Maekawa M, Nakamura K, Matsuzaki H, Tsujii M, Yamada K, Yoshikawa T, Aruga J. Autism-like behaviours and enhanced memory formation and synaptic plasticity in Lrfn2/SALM1-deficient mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15800. [PMID: 28604739 PMCID: PMC5472790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lrfn2/SALM1 is a PSD-95-interacting synapse adhesion molecule, and human LRFN2 is associated with learning disabilities. However its role in higher brain function and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that Lrfn2 knockout mice exhibit autism-like behavioural abnormalities, including social withdrawal, decreased vocal communications, increased stereotyped activities and prepulse inhibition deficits, together with enhanced learning and memory. In the hippocampus, the levels of synaptic PSD-95 and GluA1 are decreased. The synapses are structurally and functionally immature with spindle shaped spines, smaller postsynaptic densities, reduced AMPA/NMDA ratio, and enhanced LTP. In vitro experiments reveal that synaptic surface expression of AMPAR depends on the direct interaction between Lrfn2 and PSD-95. Furthermore, we detect functionally defective LRFN2 missense mutations in autism and schizophrenia patients. Together, these findings indicate that Lrfn2/LRFN2 serve as core components of excitatory synapse maturation and maintenance, and their dysfunction causes immature/silent synapses with pathophysiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Morimura
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuda
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Katayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Hatayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoko H Tomioka
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maya Odagawa
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiya
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- Faculty of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yamada
- Support Unit for Animal Experiments, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Aruga
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Naito
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - M. Maekawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - K. Shibuya
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
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27
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Sato R, Shirai K, Maekawa M, Genma R, Ohki S, Morita H, Suda T, Watanabe H. Glycaemia and autistic traits in very low birth weight infants in adulthood. Diabetes Metab 2016; 42:285-6. [PMID: 27037012 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, 430-8558 Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan; Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, 3-3-2 Kasumigaseki, 100-0013 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Shirai
- Department of Neonatology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, 430-8558 Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - R Genma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, 430-8558 Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Ohki
- Department of Neonatology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, 430-8558 Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - H Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - T Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - H Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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28
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Hamazaki K, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Iwayama Y, Dean B, Hamazaki T, Yoshikawa T. Fatty acid composition and fatty acid binding protein expression in the postmortem frontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia: A case-control study. Schizophr Res 2016; 171:225-32. [PMID: 26792082 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been found in the postmortem frontal cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, of patients with schizophrenia. Altered mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 5 and FABP7 has likewise been reported. METHODS This study investigated whether PUFAs in the frontal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 8] and mRNA expression of FABP3, 5, and 7 were different between patients with schizophrenia (n=95) and unaffected controls (n=93). RESULTS In contrast to previous studies, no significant differences were found in DHA between the groups. Although arachidonic acid (AA) levels were significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group, no association was found between AA and schizophrenia on logistic regression analysis. Only FABP3 expression was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group than in the control group. Significant inverse associations were seen between only two saturated fatty acids, behenic acid and lignoceric acid, and FABP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that major PUFA levels in BA8 are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. Although FABP3 expression was not correlated with any of the major PUFAs, it might play a novel role in the pathology of BA8 in a subset of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 9300194, Japan.
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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29
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Mochizuki I, Ariga H, Fukaya Y, Wada K, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A, Shidara T, Asakura K, Hyodo T. Structure determination of the rutile-TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) surface using total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7085-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Detailed structure of the rutile-TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) has been determined using the newly developed technique of total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Mochizuki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Ibaraki 305-0801
- Japan
| | - H. Ariga
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Y. Fukaya
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Naka
- Japan
| | - K. Wada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Ibaraki 305-0801
- Japan
| | - M. Maekawa
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Takasaki
- Japan
| | - A. Kawasuso
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Takasaki
- Japan
| | - T. Shidara
- Accelerator Laboratory
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - K. Asakura
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - T. Hyodo
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Ibaraki 305-0801
- Japan
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30
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Maekawa M, Iwayama Y, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Hisano Y, Toyota T, Balan S, Matsuzaki H, Iwata Y, Takagai S, Yamada K, Ota M, Fukuchi S, Okada Y, Akamatsu W, Tsujii M, Kojima N, Owada Y, Okano H, Mori N, Yoshikawa T. Investigation of the fatty acid transporter-encoding genes SLC27A3 and SLC27A4 in autism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16239. [PMID: 26548558 PMCID: PMC4637822 DOI: 10.1038/srep16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier 27A (SLC27A) gene family encodes fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) and includes 6 members. During fetal and postnatal periods of development, the growing brain requires a reliable supply of fatty acids. Because autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are now recognized as disorders caused by impaired early brain development, it is possible that functional abnormalities of SLC27A genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. Here, we confirmed the expression of SLC27A3 and SLC27A4 in human neural stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which suggested their involvement in the developmental stage of the central nervous system. Additionally, we resequenced the SLC27A3 and SLC27A4 genes using 267 ASD patient and 1140 control samples and detected 47 (44 novel and 29 nonsynonymous) and 30 (17 novel and 14 nonsynonymous) variants for the SLC27A3 and SLC27A4, respectively, revealing that they are highly polymorphic with multiple rare variants. The SLC27A4 Ser209 allele was more frequently represented in ASD samples. Furthermore, we showed that a SLC27A4 Ser209 mutant resulted in significantly higher fluorescently-labeled fatty acid uptake into bEnd3 cells, a mouse brain capillary-derived endothelial cell line, compared with SLC27A4 Gly209, suggesting that the functional change may contribute to ASD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motonori Ota
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Sociology, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
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31
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Abstract
The penetrance of schizophrenia risk in carriers of the 22q11.2 deletion is high but incomplete, suggesting the possibility of additional genetic defects. We performed whole exome sequencing on two individuals with 22q11.2 deletion, one with schizophrenia and the other who was psychosis-free. The results revealed novel genetic variants related to neuronal function exclusively in the person with schizophrenia (frameshift: KAT8, APOH and SNX31; nonsense: EFCAB11 and CLVS2). This study paves the way towards a more complete understanding of variant dose and genetic architecture in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balan
- S. Balan, PhD, Y. Iwayama, MS, T. Toyota, MD, PhD, M. Toyoshima, PhD, M. Maekawa, MD, PhD, T. Yoshikawa, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
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32
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Sakiyama Y, Shibata S, Sanayama H, Ono S, Maekawa M, Matsuo M, Irie T, Eto Y. Intrathecal 2-Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin (HPBCD) therapy in adult-onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC). J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Maekawa M, Kagawa T, Asayama M, Baba N, Wasaki C. Telemetry study in common marmosets for in vivo cardiovascular risk assessment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Liu X, Shimada T, Otowa T, Wu YY, Kawamura Y, Tochigi M, Iwata Y, Umekage T, Toyota T, Maekawa M, Iwayama Y, Suzuki K, Kakiuchi C, Kuwabara H, Kano Y, Nishida H, Sugiyama T, Kato N, Chen CH, Mori N, Yamada K, Yoshikawa T, Kasai K, Tokunaga K, Sasaki T, Gau SSF. Genome-wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the East Asian Populations. Autism Res 2015; 9:340-9. [PMID: 26314684 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic basis. To identify common genetic variations conferring the risk of ASD, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study using ASD family and healthy control samples obtained from East Asian populations. A total of 166 ASD families (n = 500) and 642 healthy controls from the Japanese population were used as the discovery cohort. Approximately 900,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 chips. In the replication stage, 205 Japanese ASD cases and 184 healthy controls, as well as 418 Chinese Han trios (n = 1,254), were genotyped by TaqMan platform. Case-control analysis, family based association test, and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) were then conducted to test the association. In the discovery stage, significant associations were suggested for 14 loci, including 5 known ASD candidate genes: GPC6, JARID2, YTHDC2, CNTN4, and CSMD1. In addition, significant associations were identified for several novel genes with intriguing functions, such as JPH3, PTPRD, CUX1, and RIT2. After a meta-analysis combining the Japanese replication samples, the strongest signal was found at rs16976358 (P = 6.04 × 10(-7)), which is located near the RIT2 gene. In summary, our results provide independent support to known ASD candidate genes and highlight a number of novel genes warranted to be further investigated in a larger sample set in an effort to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otowa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yoshiya Kawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakae Seijinkai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umekage
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kakiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kano
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisami Nishida
- Asunaro Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Showa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Ebrahimi M, Yamamoto Y, Sharifi K, Kida H, Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Shimamoto C, Maekawa M, Mitsushima D, Yoshikawa T, Owada Y. Astrocyte-expressed FABP7 regulates dendritic morphology and excitatory synaptic function of cortical neurons. Glia 2015; 64:48-62. [PMID: 26296243 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) expressed by astrocytes in developing and mature brains is involved in uptake and transportation of fatty acids, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Fabp7 knockout (Fabp7 KO) mice show behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, direct evidence showing how FABP7 deficiency in astrocytes leads to altered brain function is lacking. Here, we examined neuronal dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Fabp7 KO mice and in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Golgi staining of cortical pyramidal neurons in Fabp7 KO mice revealed aberrant dendritic morphology and decreased spine density compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Aberrant dendritic morphology was also observed in primary cortical neurons co-cultured with FABP7-deficient astrocytes and neurons cultured in Fabp7 KO astrocyte-conditioned medium. Excitatory synapse number was decreased in mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice and in neurons co-cultured with Fabp7 KO astrocytes. Accordingly, whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in brain slices from pyramidal cells in the mPFC showed that both amplitude and frequency of action potential-independent miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were decreased in Fabp7 KO mice. Moreover, transplantation of WT astrocytes into the mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice partially attenuated behavioral impairments. Collectively, these results suggest that astrocytic FABP7 is important for dendritic arbor growth, neuronal excitatory synapse formation, and synaptic transmission, and provide new insights linking FABP7, lipid homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, leading to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kida
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Dai Mitsushima
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Hamazaki K, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Dean B, Hamazaki T, Yoshikawa T. Fatty acid composition of the postmortem prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:353-9. [PMID: 25858798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem brain studies have shown abnormal levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid, in the frontal cortex (particularly the orbitofrontal cortex) of patients with depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder. However, the results from regions in the frontal cortex other than the orbitofrontal cortex are inconsistent. In this study we investigated whether patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder have abnormalities in PUFA levels in the prefrontal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 8]. In postmortem studies, fatty acids in the phospholipids of the prefrontal cortex (BA8) were evaluated by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Specimens were evaluated for patients with schizophrenia (n=15), bipolar disorder (n=15), or major depressive disorder (n=15) and compared with unaffected controls (n=15). In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant differences in the levels of PUFAs or other fatty acids in the prefrontal cortex (BA8) between patients and controls. Subanalysis by sex also showed no significant differences. No significant differences were found in any individual fatty acids between suicide and non-suicide cases. These psychiatric disorders might be characterized by very specific fatty acid compositions in certain areas of the brain, and BA8 might not be involved in abnormalities of PUFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Howard Florey Laboratories, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Li H, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A, Tanimura N. Effect of magnetic field on positron lifetimes of Fe, Co and Ni. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:246001. [PMID: 26037478 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/24/246001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Positron lifetime spectra of Fe, Co and Ni were measured under magnetic field using a (22)Na source. Very small but distinguishable difference of positron lifetime upon magnetic field reversal was observed suggesting the existence of two bulk lifetimes associated with majority and minority spin electrons. Using two spin-dependent Fe bulk lifetimes, the difference Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation spectra between majority and minority spin electrons were also examined. Agreement between experiment and theory indicates that spin-polarized positron annihilation spectroscopy may have potential in investigation of spin-aligned electron momentum distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma JP-370-1292, Japan
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Zhang HJ, Yamamoto S, Gu B, Li H, Maekawa M, Fukaya Y, Kawasuso A. Charge-to-Spin Conversion and Spin Diffusion in Bi/Ag Bilayers Observed by Spin-Polarized Positron Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:166602. [PMID: 25955066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.166602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge-to-spin conversion induced by the Rashba-Edelstein effect was directly observed for the first time in samples with no magnetic layer. A spin-polarized positron beam was used to probe the spin polarization of the outermost surface electrons of Bi/Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/Bi/Al2O3 when charge currents were only associated with the Ag layers. An opposite surface spin polarization was found between Bi/Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/Bi/Al2O3 samples with the application of a charge current in the same direction. The surface spin polarizations of both systems decreased exponentially with the outermost layer thickness, suggesting the occurrence of spin diffusion from the Bi/Ag interface to the outermost surfaces. This work provides a new technique to measure spin diffusion length.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Zhang
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Yamamoto
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - B Gu
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Li
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Y Fukaya
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Kawasuso
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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Kishimoto T, Ezaki K, Yamagami S, Maekawa M. Glucose tolerance and erythrocyte insulin receptors in undialyzed patients and patients on maintenance hemodialysis and hemofiltration. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 32:97-110. [PMID: 6751689 DOI: 10.1159/000406911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ito T, Aoshima M, Sugiura K, Fujiyama T, Ito N, Sakabe JI, Akiyama M, Maekawa M, Tokura Y. Pustular psoriasis-like lesions associated with hereditary lactate dehydrogenase M subunit deficiency without interleukin-36 receptor antagonist mutation: long-term follow-up of two cases. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1674-1676. [PMID: 25640002 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - M Aoshima
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - K Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Fujiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - N Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - J I Sakabe
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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Shimamoto C, Ohnishi T, Maekawa M, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Arai R, Iwayama Y, Hisano Y, Toyota T, Toyoshima M, Suzuki K, Shirayama Y, Nakamura K, Mori N, Owada Y, Kobayashi T, Yoshikawa T. Functional characterization of FABP3, 5 and 7 gene variants identified in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder and mouse behavioral studies. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2409. [PMID: 25655139 PMCID: PMC4380078 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Sharifi K, Ebrahimi M, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Sawada T, Kishi H, Kobayashi S, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Takaki E, Nakai A, Kogo H, Fujimoto T, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 regulates function of caveolae in astrocytes through expression of caveolin-1. Glia 2015; 63:780-94. [PMID: 25601031 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and solubilize long-chain fatty acids, controlling intracellular lipid dynamics. FABP7 is expressed by astrocytes in the developing brain, and suggested to be involved in the control of astrocyte lipid homeostasis. In this study, we sought to examine the role of FABP7 in astrocytes, focusing on plasma membrane lipid raft function, which is important for receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. In FABP7-knockout (KO) astrocytes, the ligand-dependent accumulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 into lipid raft was decreased, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB was impaired after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation when compared with wild-type astrocytes. In addition, the expression of caveolin-1, not cavin-1, 2, 3, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1, was found to be decreased at the protein and transcriptional levels. FABP7 re-expression in FABP7-KO astrocytes rescued the decreased level of caveolin-1. Furthermore, caveolin-1-transfection into FABP7-KO astrocytes significantly increased TLR4 recruitment into lipid raft and tumor necrosis factor-α production after LPS stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that FABP7 controls lipid raft function through the regulation of caveolin-1 expression and is involved in the response of astrocytes to the external stimuli. GLIA 2015;63:780-794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Tokura Y, Yagi H, Yanaguchi H, Majima Y, Kasuya A, Ito T, Maekawa M, Hashizume H. IgG4‐related skin disease. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:959-67. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Tokura
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1‐20‐1 Handayama Higashi‐ku Hamamatsu 431‐3192 Japan
| | - H. Yagi
- Section of Dermatology Shizuoka General Hospital 4‐27‐1 Kita‐Andou Aoi‐ku Shizuoka 420‐8527 Japan
| | - H. Yanaguchi
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1‐20‐1 Handayama Higashi‐ku Hamamatsu 431‐3192 Japan
| | - Y. Majima
- Section of Dermatology Shizuoka General Hospital 4‐27‐1 Kita‐Andou Aoi‐ku Shizuoka 420‐8527 Japan
| | - A. Kasuya
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1‐20‐1 Handayama Higashi‐ku Hamamatsu 431‐3192 Japan
| | - T. Ito
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1‐20‐1 Handayama Higashi‐ku Hamamatsu 431‐3192 Japan
| | - M. Maekawa
- Laboratory Medicine Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1‐20‐1 Handayama Higashi‐ku Hamamatsu 431‐3192 Japan
| | - H. Hashizume
- Section of Dermatology Shimada Municipal Hospital 1200‐5 Noda Shimada 427‐8502 Japan
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Balan S, Iwayama Y, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Esaki K, Yamada K, Iwata Y, Suzuki K, Ide M, Ota M, Fukuchi S, Tsujii M, Mori N, Shinkai Y, Yoshikawa T. Exon resequencing of H3K9 methyltransferase complex genes, EHMT1, EHTM2 and WIZ, in Japanese autism subjects. Mol Autism 2014; 5:49. [PMID: 25400900 PMCID: PMC4233047 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone H3 methylation at lysine 9 (H3K9) is a conserved epigenetic signal, mediating heterochromatin formation by trimethylation, and transcriptional silencing by dimethylation. Defective GLP (Ehmt1) and G9a (Ehmt2) histone lysine methyltransferases, involved in mono and dimethylation of H3K9, confer autistic phenotypes and behavioral abnormalities in animal models. Moreover, EHMT1 loss of function results in Kleefstra syndrome, characterized by severe intellectual disability, developmental delays and psychiatric disorders. We examined the possible role of histone methyltransferases in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and suggest that rare functional variants in these genes that regulate H3K9 methylation may be associated with ASD. Methods Since G9a-GLP-Wiz forms a heteromeric methyltransferase complex, all the protein-coding regions and exon/intron boundaries of EHMT1, EHMT2 and WIZ were sequenced in Japanese ASD subjects. The detected variants were prioritized based on novelty and functionality. The expression levels of these genes were tested in blood cells and postmortem brain samples from ASD and control subjects. Expression of EHMT1 and EHMT2 isoforms were determined by digital PCR. Results We identified six nonsynonymous variants: three in EHMT1, two in EHMT2 and one in WIZ. Two variants, the EHMT1 ankyrin repeat domain (Lys968Arg) and EHMT2 SET domain (Thr961Ile) variants were present exclusively in cases, but showed no statistically significant association with ASD. The EHMT2 transcript expression was significantly elevated in the peripheral blood cells of ASD when compared with control samples; but not for EHMT1 and WIZ. Gene expression levels of EHMT1, EHMT2 and WIZ in Brodmann area (BA) 9, BA21, BA40 and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DoRN) regions from postmortem brain samples showed no significant changes between ASD and control subjects. Nor did expression levels of EHMT1 and EHMT2 isoforms in the prefrontal cortex differ significantly between ASD and control groups. Conclusions We identified two novel rare missense variants in the EHMT1 and EHMT2 genes of ASD patients. We surmise that these variants alone may not be sufficient to exert a significant effect on ASD pathogenesis. The elevated expression of EHMT2 in the peripheral blood cells may support the notion of a restrictive chromatin state in ASD, similar to schizophrenia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2040-2392-5-49) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motonori Ota
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- Faculty of Sociology, Chukyo University, Chukyo, Aichi, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan ; CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ; CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Shimamoto C, Ohnishi T, Maekawa M, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Arai R, Iwayama Y, Hisano Y, Toyota T, Toyoshima M, Suzuki K, Shirayama Y, Nakamura K, Mori N, Owada Y, Kobayashi T, Yoshikawa T. Functional characterization of FABP3, 5 and 7 gene variants identified in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder and mouse behavioral studies. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6495-511. [PMID: 25027319 PMCID: PMC4240203 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid metabolism have been implicated in psychiatric illnesses. We previously reported an association between the gene for fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) and schizophrenia. Furthermore, we identified and reported several rare non-synonymous polymorphisms of the brain-expressed genes FABP3, FABP5 and FABP7 from schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), diseases known to part share genetic architecture. Here, we conducted further studies to better understand the contribution these genes make to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and ASD. In postmortem brains, we detected altered mRNA expression levels of FABP5 in schizophrenia, and of FABP7 in ASD and altered FABP5 in peripheral lymphocytes. Using a patient cohort, comprehensive mutation screening identified six missense and two frameshift variants from the three FABP genes. The two frameshift proteins, FABP3 E132fs and FABP7 N80fs, formed cellular aggregates and were unstable when expressed in cultured cells. The four missense mutants with predicted possible damaging outcomes showed no changes in intracellular localization. Examining ligand binding properties, FABP7 S86G and FABP7 V126L lost their preference for docosahexaenoic acid to linoleic acid. Finally, mice deficient in Fabp3, Fabp5 and Fabp7 were evaluated in a systematic behavioral test battery. The Fabp3 knockout (KO) mice showed decreased social memory and novelty seeking, and Fabp7 KO mice displayed hyperactive and anxiety-related phenotypes, while Fabp5 KO mice showed no apparent phenotypes. In conclusion, disturbances in brain-expressed FABPs could represent an underlying disease mechanism in a proportion of schizophrenia and ASD sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Shimamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Arai
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba 299-0111, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori 036-8562, Japan and
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,
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Balan S, Iwayama Y, Yamada K, Toyota T, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Ide M, Iwata Y, Suzuki K, Kikuchi M, Hashimoto T, Kanahara N, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa M. Sequencing and expression analyses of the synaptic lipid raft adapter gene PAG1 in schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:477-85. [PMID: 25005592 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of synaptic networks has been advocated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia. The majority of synaptic proteins involved in neuronal communications are localized in lipid rafts. These rafts form the platform for coordinating neuronal signal transduction, by clustering interacting partners. The PAG1 protein is a transmembrane adaptor protein in the lipid raft signaling cluster that regulates Src family kinases (SFKs), a convergent point for multiple pathways regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Reports of de novo missense mutations in PAG1 and SFK mediated reductions in tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit proteins in schizophrenia patients, point to a putative role in schizophrenia pathogenesis. To evaluate this, we resequenced the entire coding region of PAG1 in Japanese schizophrenia patients (n = 1,140) and controls (n = 1,140). We identified eight missense variants, of which four were previously unreported. Case-control genetic association analysis of these variants in a larger cohort (n = 4,182) showed neither a statistically significant association of the individual variants with schizophrenia, nor any increased burden of the rare alleles in the patient group. Expression levels of PAG1 in post-mortem brain samples from schizophrenia patients and controls also showed no significant differences. To assess the precise role of PAG1 in schizophrenia, future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Takahashi M, Saito T, Ito M, Tsukada C, Katono Y, Hosono H, Maekawa M, Shimada M, Mano N, Oda A, Hirasawa N, Hiratsuka M. Functional characterization of 21 CYP2C19 allelic variants for clopidogrel 2-oxidation. Pharmacogenomics J 2014; 15:26-32. [PMID: 25001882 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) contribute to interindividual variability in the metabolism of therapeutic agents such as clopidogrel. Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 are associated with large interindividual variations in the therapeutic efficacy of clopidogrel. This study evaluated the in vitro oxidation of clopidogrel by 21 CYP2C19 variants harboring amino acid substitutions. These CYP2C19 variants were heterologously expressed in COS-7 cells, and the kinetic parameters of clopidogrel 2-oxidation were estimated. Among the 21 CYP2C19 variants, 12 (that is, CYP2C19.5A, CYP2C19.5B, CYP2C19.6, CYP2C19.8, CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10, CYP2C19.14, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.19, CYP2C19.22, CYP2C19.24 and CYP2C19.25) showed no or markedly low activity compared with the wild-type protein CYP2C19.1B. This comprehensive in vitro assessment provided insights into the specific metabolic activities of CYP2C19 proteins encoded by variant alleles, and this may to be valuable when interpreting the results of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takahashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - C Tsukada
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Katono
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Hosono
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Maekawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - N Mano
- Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Oda
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - N Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Okahara K, Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Ota F, Nakajima K, Hirabayashi Y, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Taniguchi N. Ceramide galactosyltransferase expression is regulated positively by Nkx2.2 and negatively by OLIG2. Glycobiology 2014; 24:926-34. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Fukaya Y, Maekawa M, Mochizuki I, Wada K, Hyodo T, Kawasuso A. Reflection high-energy positron diffraction study on the first surface layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/505/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Hyodo T, Fukaya Y, Maekawa M, Mochizuki I, Wada K, Shidara T, Ichimiya A, Kawasuso A. Total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/505/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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