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Mariappan AK, Mathesh K, Muthu S, Bhatt M, Sharma M, Saikumar G, Dhama K. Pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium infection in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) from India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2521-2526. [PMID: 37227627 PMCID: PMC10485198 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is a zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in a range of host species like humans, animals, and birds. The disease is more common in the avian population, and opportunistic infections have been reported in immune-compromised or debilitated animals and humans. This study reports the pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium causing avian mycobacteriosis in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica). Out of 30 pigeons aged 2-3 years, ten adult racing pigeons revealed a severe chronic and debilitating disease followed by death. The clinical signs included chronic emaciation, dullness, ruffled feathers, lameness, and greenish, watery diarrhea. Post-mortem examination of birds revealed multifocal gray- to yellow-colored raised nodules in the liver parenchyma, spleen, lungs, intestines, bone marrow, and joints. Avian mycobacteriosis was suspected based on the tissue impression smears stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Histopathological examination also revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions in affected organs, which is characteristic of avian mycobacteriosis. The PCR analysis based on 16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS901 regions suggested the presence of Mycobacterium avium infection belonging to either subspecies avium or sylvaticum. This is the first detailed report of avian mycobacteriosis in pigeons from India, warranting a strict surveillance program to identify the carrier status of these microorganisms in the pigeons, which may prove a fatal zoonotic infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Sankar Muthu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR RC for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
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Bhatt M, Chand M, Qu H. Benign Mullerian Glandular Inclusions in Men: A Metastatic Carcinoma Mimic. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Benign mullerian glandular inclusions (MGI) in lymph nodes is a well documented finding in women. However, it can also very rarely occur in men and mimic metastatic carcinoma. To our knowledge, only seven cases of benign MGI in men have been reported in the literature.
Methods/Case Report
We here-in present a case of a 62-year-old male with a three-year history of prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score 6, initially diagnosed on needle core biopsies. Subsequently, the patient underwent a radical prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Histological evaluation of the right pelvic lymph node demonstrated cystically dilated glands beneath the capsule composed of cuboidal to columnar cells with minimal atypia raising concern for metastatic carcinoma to the lymph node. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains showed the glandular cells to be positive for estrogen, progesterone, PAX-8 and WT-1; while negative for calretinin and PSA immunostains. This IHC profile in conjunction with the morphological findings are consistent with the diagnosis of benign mullerian-type glandular inclusions within the lymph node.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
As benign MGI is a rare finding in men and can easily be mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, this case demonstrates that clinical awareness of this entity is essential to avoid wrongful diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma and unnecessary therapeutic treatment. Utilizing immunohistochemical stains to further characterize the glands is critical to obtain the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Pathology, Ascension St. John Hospital and Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan , United States
| | - M Chand
- Pathology, Ascension St. John Hospital and Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan , United States
| | - H Qu
- Pathology, Ascension St. John Hospital and Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan , United States
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Singh M, Mollier RT, Paton RN, Pongener N, Yadav R, Singh V, Katiyar R, Kumar R, Sonia C, Bhatt M, Babu S, Rajkhowa DJ, Mishra VK. Backyard poultry farming with improved germplasm: Sustainable food production and nutritional security in fragile ecosystem. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.962268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3 billion people were unable to afford a healthy diet in 2019 because of poverty and inequality. Most of these people live in Asia and Africa. Furthermore, 30% of the world population was affected by moderate to severe food insecurity in 2020, and most of this population lives in low- and middle-income countries. The world is at a critical juncture, and there is an urgent need for transformative food systems that ensure the empowerment of poor and vulnerable population groups, often smallholders with limited access to resources or those living in remote locations, as well as the empowerment of women, children, and youth (FAO, 2018). The backyard poultry production system (BPPS), as practiced by 80% of the world's rural population, can be that transformative change in low- and middle-income countries. Although the BPPS has low productivity, it still plays an important role in the food and nutritional security of rural people living in fragile ecosystems. Backyard poultry has been recognized as a tool for poverty alleviation and women empowerment besides ensuring food and nutritional security for rural poor. Poultry meat and eggs are the cheapest and best source of good quality protein, minerals, and vitamins. The introduction of improved backyard poultry germplasm has improved the productivity of this system in resource-poor settings and thereby improved the income and nutritional security of poor households. With these birds, the availability, access, utilization, and stability of food security have improved at household and national levels. Diseases, predation, non-availability of improved germplasm, lack of access to markets, and lack of skills are the major constraints to the adoption of improved backyard poultry. These constraints can be addressed by involving a network of community animal service providers. The improved backyard poultry germplasm will dominate the backyard poultry production system in the future and will be a tool for ensuring food and nutritional security on a sustainable basis, more particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Fayaz A, Rajak KK, Kumar A, Karki M, Kiran, Rai V, Bhatt M, Singh RP. Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to canine morbillivirus. Biologicals 2022; 79:19-26. [PMID: 36096853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus is a highly contagious multi-host pathogen with high morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis is of utmost importance to effectively control such a dreadful disease. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) serve as a high throughput diagnostics and applied tools for research and development (R&D). In the present study, a total of six mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed. All the mAbs generated belonged to IgG class. Of the six mAbs, two of them, namely CD-2F8 and CD-3D8 were directed against the nucleocapsid protein of CDV as determined in western blotting. The reactivity of all the mAbs was checked in indirect-ELISA and cell-ELISA using different morbilliviruses. The mAbs could broadly be categorized as; CDV specific (CD-3D8 and CD-2F8), cross-reactive to PPR virus (CD-AB3 and CD-4D6) and cross-reactive to both PPR virus and measles virus (CD-5D10 and CD-6E5). The characterized mAbs were used for antigenic profiling of CDV, PPR virus and measles virus. Based on the reactivity pattern; a close antigenic relationship was found among CDV and PPR virus as compared to measles virus. A pair of CDV specific mAbs namely CD-2F8 and CD-3D8 were identified which did not cross-react with measles and PPR viruses and thus could be used for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfa Fayaz
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Monu Karki
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Kiran
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
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Chander V, Sharma GK, Bhatt M, Nandi S, Mahajan S, Singh M, Mahendran K, Karikalan M, Pawde AM, Gupta V, Singh KP, Rajak KK, Gupta VK, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of canine adenovirus type 2 from a domestic dog showing neurological symptoms. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2521-2528. [PMID: 34128211 PMCID: PMC8203211 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenoviruses (CAVs) are of two types: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which is mainly associated with the respiratory type of disease in dogs. Due to the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control canine adenoviral infections and subsequently reduced disease incidence, CAVs are often neglected by clinicians. Although a number of studies are available about CAV-1 prevalence in India, only meagre information is available about CAV-2. This study reports the CAV-2 infection in a vaccinated dog with neurological and respiratory symptoms which was found negative for other canine pathogens like canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus. The virus was successfully isolated from rectal swab in MDCK cells and characterized by immunofluorescence assay and virus neutralization test. On phylogenetic analysis of partial E3 region, the Indian CAV-2 grouped in a separate clade different from established subgroups. An insertion of "G" nucleotide was reported at nucleotide (nt.) position 1077 in the E3 gene of Indian CAV-2 isolates which led to a frameshift in the coding region of E3 gene thereby imparting additional eleven amino acids to its C-terminal end in comparison to isolates from other parts of the world. This may have an implication on the functional role of E3 protein inside the cell. This study reinforces the unique signature insertion in the E3 gene of Indian CAV-2 and is the second study in the world to report the association of CAV-2 with neurological disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chander
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - G K Sharma
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Mahajan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- CCS National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, 250609, India
| | - K P Singh
- Pathology Laboratory, CADRAD, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Divison of Biological Products, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - V K Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Bhatt M, Al-Khafaji B. Colonic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Extensive Carcinomatosis: A Highly Aggressive Tumor. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the colon is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma. These tumors are associated with a poor prognosis, as they are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages with distant metastases. We present a case of a patient with colonic LCNEC with carcinomatosis peritonei who underwent surgical resection and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Methods/Case Report
The patient is a 49-year-old Caucasian male who presented with several months history of occasional hematochezia, constipation, 40-pound unintentional weight loss, and reflux. An initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin was rendered. Subsequently, the patient underwent a low-anterior resection with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Histological evaluation of the rectosigmoid lesion demonstrated sheets of malignant epithelial cells with scant amphophilic cytoplasm, large pleomorphic vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and numerous mitotic figures. The tumor invaded the entire colonic wall and extended to the visceral peritoneum with extensive small vessel lymphovascular and perineural invasion with widespread involvement of the diaphragm, spleen, falciform ligament, and omentum. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor to be diffusely positive for CK20, CDX2, and synaptophysin; while negative for CK7, PAP, PSA, chromogranin, and p40. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. In addition, CD31 highlighted lymphatic spaces that were extensively filled with tumor cells. One-month post-operative, the patient remains in critical but stable condition with features of acute hypoxic respiratory failure and possible metastatic disease to the lung associated with pleural effusion.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
Colonic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that frequently presents with distant metastases. Clinical awareness of the entity with early diagnosis and surgical resection remains the essential initial step. Utilizing immunohistochemistry stains to further characterize the tumor is critical to reach the correct diagnosis. Accumulating appropriate clinical data will aid in the establishment of future treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Pathology, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - B Al-Khafaji
- Pathology, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
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Bhatt M, Pandey SS, Tiwari AK, Tiwari BS. Plastid-mediated singlet oxygen in regulated cell death. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:686-694. [PMID: 33768665 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within a cell is a natural process of specific subcellular components involved in redox reactions. Within a plant cell, chloroplasts are one of the major sources of ROS generation. Plastid-generated ROS molecules include singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), superoxide radical (O2 - ), hydroxyl radical (OH• ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which are produced mainly during photochemical reactions of photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic process. Under normal growth and developmental, generated ROS molecules act as a secondary messenger controlling several metabolic reactions; however, perturbed environmental conditions lead to multi-fold amplification of cellular ROS that eventually kill the target cell. To maintain homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS, the cell has instituted several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries to maintain ROS at a physiological level. Among chloroplastic ROS molecules, excess generation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is highly deleterious to the cell metabolic functions and survival. Interestingly, within cellular antioxidant machinery, enzymes involved in detoxification of 1 O2 are lacking. Recent studies suggest that under optimal concentrations, 1 O2 acts as a signalling molecule and drives the cell to either the acclimation pathway or regulated cell death (RCD). Stress-induced RCD is a survival mechanism for the whole plant, while the involvement of chloroplasts and chloroplast-localized molecules that execute RCD are not well understood. In this review, we advocate for participation of chloroplasts-generated 1 O2 in signalling and RCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
| | - S S Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
| | - B S Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
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Yadav AK, Rajak KK, Kumar A, Bhatt M, Chakravarti S, Muthu S, Dubal ZB, Khulape S, Yousuf RW, Rai V, Kumar B, Muthuchelvan D, Gupta PK, Singh RP, Singh R. Replication competence of canine distemper virus in cell lines expressing signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) of goat, sheep and dog origin. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104940. [PMID: 33962006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular receptors play an important role in entry and cell to cell spread of morbillivirus infections. The cells expressing SLAM and Nectin-4 have been used for successful and efficient isolation of canine distemper virus (CDV) in high titre. There are several methods for generation of cells expressing receptor molecules. Here, we have used a comparatively cheaper and easily available method, pcDNA 3.1 (+) for engineering Vero cells to express SLAM gene of goat, sheep and dog origin (Vero/Goat/SLAM (VGS), Vero/Sheep/SLAM (VSS) and Vero/Dog/SLAM (VDS), respectively). The generated cell lines were then compared to test their efficacy to support CDV replication. CDV could be grown in high titre in the cells expressing SLAM and a difference of log two could be recorded in virus titre between VDS and native Vero cells. Also, CDV could be grown in a higher titre in VDS as compared to VGS and VSS. The finding of this study supports the preferential use of SLAM expressing cells over the native Vero cells by CDV. Further, the higher titre of CDV in cells expressing dog-SLAM as compared to the cells expressing SLAM of non-CDV hosts (i.e. goat and sheep) points towards the preferential use of dog SLAM by the CDV and may be a plausible reason for differential susceptibility of small ruminants and Canines to CDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; ICAR -National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; ICAR -National Organic Farming Research Institute, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Muthu
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khulape
- ICAR-D-FMD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, 263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Raja Wasim Yousuf
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Rai
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, 263138, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bhatt M, Coil J, Chehroudi B, Esteves A, Aleksejuniene J, MacDonald D. Clinical decision-making and importance of the AAE/AAOMR position statement for CBCT examination in endodontic cases. Int Endod J 2020; 54:26-37. [PMID: 32964475 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare conventional radiographic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings with reference to the American Association of Endodontics and American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (AAE/AAOMR) joint position statement and to determine the effect of the CBCT on the initial diagnoses and treatment plans in a single-centre Postgraduate Endodontic Programme. METHODOLOGY The clinical CBCT scans of patients, treated at the Endodontic Department of the University of British Columbia, were reviewed for CBCT referrals by comparing them with corresponding radiographs. The features considered were periapical lesions, missed/extra canals, root fractures, complex anatomy, calcified canals and root resorption of tooth/teeth in question. Reasons for the CBCT prescriptions were assigned to 3 groups: to formulate the primary diagnosis, to confirm the diagnosis achieved by clinical examination and conventional radiographs, and to assist in treatment planning. Variables were compared statistically using chi-square and McNemar tests. RESULTS A total of 128 CBCT examinations were performed on 110 patients. No CBCT examination was performed more than once on the same tooth. Overall, 76% of CBCT examinations were performed on previously root filled teeth. CBCT images revealed a significantly higher incidence of periapical lesions (P = 0.002), missed canals (P < 0.001), vertical root fractures (P = 0.004) and complex anatomy (P = 0.008) than periapical radiographs. CBCT was prescribed most frequently to assist surgical treatment planning (62%) rather than for generating a diagnosis (9%) or confirming diagnoses (29%). Both the diagnosis (P = 0.001) and the treatment plan (P = 0.005) initially made by examining periapical radiographs were altered significantly by the subsequent CBCT examination by revealing information such as new periapical lesions, missed canals or involvement of buccal or lingual cortical bone. CONCLUSION CBCT examinations were prescribed mainly to assist treatment planning rather than for diagnosis. The majority of CBCT examinations were performed on previously root filled teeth. The additional information obtained from CBCT scans resulted in the alteration of the initial diagnoses as well as subsequent treatment plans in 59 out of 128 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Coil
- Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - B Chehroudi
- Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Esteves
- Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Aleksejuniene
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D MacDonald
- Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Bhatt M. Training of the spiritual dimension of health in India – an innovative ‘thought model’ approach. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The complexities in defining Spirituality, its association with religions, and misfit in modern scientific healthcare settings are the reasons behind the neglected attitude in training of spiritual dimension of health in religiously diverse and secular India.
Objectives
To define spirituality independent from religious views and scientifically sound for modern healthcare practices in a diverse society of India. For this, a 'Thought Model' developed with spirituality as the most evolved thought in the form of humanity and human values with transcendence, connectedness, and purpose of human life, which works as a controlling, communicating, and correcting thought in the ecosystem of human thought processes. Review and testing with healthcare professionals (completed in Nov 2019), leading to few pilot projects (in progress till Sept 2020), and finally working with academia to finetune it for training curricula for health systems.
Results
The 'thought model' presented to health experts from July to October 2019. 98% [80 out of 82(N)] considered this simple, comfortable to belief systems, and practice. 96% found it helpful in solving the issues where the physician and patient or the members of the medical team are from different religions. 99% considered this model scientific and useful in responding to the spiritual needs of all, including atheists. So, we planned to start a pilot project in two selected medical institutions for medical interns with the new session; results are awaiting.
Conclusions
Review results by health experts indicated that the 'thought model' can address the complexities and ambiguities in defining spirituality on religious grounds by simplifying its definition and independent of religious beliefs for the training of the spiritual dimension of health and healthcare in diverse and secular societies makes it easy to discuss spiritual aspects of health in communities with various religions and belief systems.
Key messages
Religiosity makes spirituality complex, communal, and unscientific in religiously diverse societies leading to reluctance in public health practices and training. Simplifying spirituality as an evolved thought can change the perspective by abolishing religiosity; it becomes comfortable with belief systems and science and suitable for training and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Health Education, MMB Trust, Dehradun, India
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11
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Roy MP, Bhatt M, Maurya V, Arya S, Gaind R, Chellani HK. Changing trend in bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance in sepsis of intramural neonates at a tertiary care hospital. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:162-168. [PMID: 28272077 PMCID: PMC5525480 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Septicemia is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, organized data on causative organisms and their resistant pattern are scanty from developing countries. The changing trend in causative organisms and their antibiotic resistance is yet to be documented in India. The present study examines the trends in bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance of the organisms causing sepsis in hospitalized neonates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective laboratory-based analysis of blood cultures obtained from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi was done for the period of 1999–2014, divided into five phases. Results: A total of 4700 isolates were considered. Over time, Gram-negative organisms have replaced Gram-positives as frequent isolates. Initially, there was predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, then of Staphylococcus aureus which recently has been changed with coagulase negative-Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter. Growing resistance against the first and second line of drugs has been noted, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Conclusion: The etiological profile of neonatal sepsis has changed tremendously in the past 15 years. High resistance against common drugs necessitates continued surveillance and review of empirical antibiotic policy for neonatal sepsis. These steps are important to effectively curtail the surge of further antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - H K Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Chakrabarti D, Rajan S, Akhtar N, Kumar V, Kumar R, Srivastava K, Bhatt M, Gupta R. Long-course chemoradiation in carcinoma rectum; is it really worth it? Perspectives from a developing nation. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Yadav AK, Rajak KK, Bhatt M, Kumar A, Chakravarti S, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Kumar R, Khulape S, Singh RP, Singh RK. Comparative sequence analysis of morbillivirus receptors and its implication in host range expansion. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:783-794. [PMID: 31238018 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SLAM (CD150) and nectin-4 are the major morbillivirus receptors responsible for virus pathogenesis and host range expansion. Recently, morbillivirus infections have been reported in unnatural hosts, including endangered species, posing a threat to their conservation. To understand the host range expansion of morbilliviruses, we generated the full-length sequences of morbillivirus receptors (goat, sheep, and dog SLAM, and goat nectin-4) and tried to correlate their role in determining host tropism. A high level of amino acid identity was observed between the sequences of related species, and phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the receptor sequences of carnivores, marine mammals, and small ruminants grouped separately. Analysis of the ligand binding region (V region; amino acid residues 52-136) of SLAM revealed high amino acid identity between small ruminants and bovine SLAMs. Comparison of canine SLAM with ruminants and non-canids SLAM revealed appreciable changes, including charge alterations. Significant differences between feline SLAM and canine SLAM have been reported. The binding motifs of nectin-4 genes (FPAG motif and amino acid residues 60, 62, and 63) were found to be conserved in sheep, goat, and dog. The differences reported in the binding region may be responsible for the level of susceptibility or resistance of a species to a particular morbillivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,ICAR - National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam-781131, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,ICAR - National Organic Farming Research Institute, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737102, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu Sankar
- Temperate Animal Husbandry Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar-263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar-263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sagar Khulape
- ICAR-D-FMD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar-263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhatt M, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Yadav AK, Kumar A, Gupta V, Chander V, Mathesh K, Chandramohan S, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Gandham RK, Baig M, Singh RP, Singh RK. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene deciphering a new genetically distinct lineage of canine distemper virus circulating among domestic dogs in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1252-1267. [PMID: 30725534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is one of the highly contagious and invariably fatal viral diseases of dogs and other carnivores. Despite the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control CD, the prevalence of disease has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Although a number of factors may be ascribed for vaccine failure, antigenic differences among the vaccine and wild-type strains have gained the interest of researchers. Considering the high genetic variability of haemagglutinin gene (H gene) and its role in eliciting the immune response to canine distemper virus (CDV), we have generated nine full-length CDV H gene sequences from infected dogs including three vaccinated cases. Bayesian analysis was performed using 102 full-length H gene nucleotide sequences over a time frame of 76 years (1940-2016) from 18 countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CDV was estimated to be 1696 AD. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Indian wild-type viruses into a distinct monophyletic group clearly separated from the previously established CDV lineages. This signifies the presence of a novel genetic variant (proposed as "Lineage India-1/Asia-5") circulating among dog population in India. To investigate the importance of substitutions at amino acid residues 530 and 549 of CDV H protein in determining the host switches from canid to non-canid hosts, we analysed 125 H gene sequences including nine sequences generated in this study. Selection pressure analysis and analysis of amino acid sequences revealed a trend towards adaptation of 549H variants in non-canid hosts although no role of G/E530R/D/N substitution could be identified. This is the first comprehensive study about the nature and ecology of CDV circulating among dog population in India. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals as observed in this study have raised a concern towards the effectiveness of current vaccine strains warranting detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chandramohan
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - M Sankar
- TAH Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - R K Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Baig
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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15
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Sharma AK, Bhatt M, Sankar M, Mohapatra JK, Dash BB, Gowane GR, Subramaniam S, Ranjan R, Pattnaik B. Kinetics of Interferon gamma and Interleukin-21 response following foot and mouth disease virus infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:20-25. [PMID: 30145254 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases of cloven footed animals causing significant economic impediment in livestock production system. The immune response to FMD virus (FMDV) infection is regulated by a complex interplay between various cells, cytokines and other immune components. Based on the well established role of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-21 (IL-21) in viral infections, this study aimed to determine expression level of these cytokines in clinically infected adults and calves; and the results were compared with those in the subclinically infected animals up to 120 days post outbreak (DPO) in a vaccinated cattle herd. The expression level of IFN-γ and IL-21 was assayed on 0, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, and 120 DPO by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with simultaneous assessment of FMDV structural protein-antibody titer against serotype 'O' by liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) and nonstructural protein-antibody, a differential marker of infection, using r3AB3 indirect ELISA (r3AB3 I-ELISA). Although, the peak expression of IFN-γ was observed on 14 DPO across all categories of animals, the clinically infected animals registered a significant increase in IFN-γ level as compared to the subclinically infected population possibly due to the difference in the extent of virus replication and inflammation. The IL-21 level increased significantly during 14-28 DPO and highest expression was noticed on 28 DPO. The increase in the expression level of IFN-γ and IL-21 at 28 DPO correlated with the increase in antibody titer as determined by LPBE suggesting the role of these cytokines in augmenting immune response to FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
| | - Muthu Sankar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus Uttarakhand, 263 138, India.
| | | | - Bana B Dash
- ICAR-Project Directorate of FMD, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
| | - Gopal R Gowane
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, 304501, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR-Project Directorate of FMD, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
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Bhatt M, Brandstetter M, Gubisch W, Haack S. Supratip excision in rhinoplasty. Otolaryngology Case Reports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Samaan Z, Dennis B, Bawor M, Bhatt M, Zielinski L, Sanger N, Thabane L. Chronic pain in patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Bhatt M. LEARN CPS CURRICULUM: SATISFACTION SURVEY OF FINAL YEAR RESIDENTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE INITIATIVE TO IMPROVE UPTAKE OF CPS POSITION STATEMENTS AND PRACTICE POINTS. Paediatr Child Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx086.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Behura M, Mohapatra JK, Pandey LK, Das B, Bhatt M, Subramaniam S, Pattnaik B. Erratum to: The carboxy-terminal half of nonstructural protein 3A is not essential for foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cultured cell lines. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1307. [PMID: 27038829 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrutyunjay Behura
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jajati K Mohapatra
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Laxmi K Pandey
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bramhadev Pattnaik
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
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Sankar M, Bhatt M, Gowane GR, Narayanan K, Kumar M, Zahid AK, Saravanan BC, Allie I, Subramani KV, Sharma AK, Prasad A. Effect of non-genetic factors on the prevalence of Stilesia globipunctata in the goat. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Despite its high prevalence and pathogenicity, Stilesia globipunctata is a neglected cestode infection of ruminants in the tropics and sub-tropics. The present study reports the effect of sex, age, year and month on the prevalence of S. globipunctata in the goat. A total of 5208 eviscerated intestines of the goat carcasses were screened for a period of seven years, from January 2001 to December 2007. The overall prevalence of 36.6 % was significantly affected by the factors studied (P<0.05). Male goats were more susceptible to the S. globipunctata infection than that of female (P<0.05). Goat aged between 6 months and 1 year were found to be significantly more susceptible (P<0.05) which was followed by animals between 1 and 4 years of age and then more than 4 years of age. Morbidity was high (59 to 86 %) in animals of less than one year of age. The striking observation was that the prevalence peaked during monsoon and at nadir in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sankar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - M. Bhatt
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - G. R. Gowane
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - K. Narayanan
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M. Kumar
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - A. K. Zahid
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - I. Allie
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - A. K. Sharma
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - A. Prasad
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Lecarpentier E, Bhatt M, Bertin GI, Deloison B, Salomon LJ, Deloron P, Fournier T, Barakat AI, Tsatsaris V. Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Maternal Circulation: Wall Shear Stress in the Human Placenta and Its Biological Implications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147262. [PMID: 26815115 PMCID: PMC4729471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the human placenta the maternal blood circulates in the intervillous space (IVS). The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) is in direct contact with maternal blood. The wall shear stress (WSS) exerted by the maternal blood flow on the STB has not been evaluated. Our objective was to determine the physiological WSS exerted on the surface of the STB during the third trimester of pregnancy. Material and Methods To gain insight into the shear stress levels that the STB is expected to experience in vivo, we have formulated three different computational models of varying levels of complexity that reflect different physical representations of the IVS. Computations of the flow fields in all models were performed using the CFD module of the finite element code COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4. The mean velocity of maternal blood in the IVS during the third trimester was measured in vivo with dynamic MRI (0.94±0.14 mm.s-1). To investigate if the in silico results are consistent with physiological observations, we studied the cytoadhesion of human parasitized (Plasmodium falciparum) erythrocytes to primary human STB cultures, in flow conditions with different WSS values. Results The WSS applied to the STB is highly heterogeneous in the IVS. The estimated average values are relatively low (0.5±0.2 to 2.3±1.1 dyn.cm-2). The increase of WSS from 0.15 to 5 dyn.cm-2 was associated with a significant decrease of infected erythrocyte cytoadhesion. No cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes was observed above 5 dyn.cm-2 applied for one hour. Conclusion Our study provides for the first time a WSS estimation in the maternal placental circulation. In spite of high maternal blood flow rates, the average WSS applied at the surface of the chorionic villi is low (<5 dyn.cm-2). These results provide the basis for future physiologically-relevant in vitro studies of the biological effects of WSS on the STB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Lecarpentier
- INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
- DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Bhatt
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - G. I. Bertin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MERIT - UMR216, Paris, France
| | - B. Deloison
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, Paris, France
- EA FETUS 7328, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L. J. Salomon
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, Paris, France
- EA FETUS 7328, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P. Deloron
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MERIT - UMR216, Paris, France
| | - T. Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - A. I. Barakat
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - V. Tsatsaris
- INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
- DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
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Patnam PL, Bhatt M, Singh R, Saran S, Jain SL. Magnetically separable chicken feathers: a biopolymer based heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of organic substrates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03978b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetically separable chicken feather nanoparticles were found to be efficient, green and heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyls and sulfides to sulfoxides using t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma L. Patnam
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Raghuvir Singh
- Analytical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Sandeep Saran
- Analytical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Suman L. Jain
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
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Kumar C, Mishra NK, Kumar A, Bhatt M, Chaudhary P, Singh R. Structural investigation of nanomixed xSnO2–Al2O3 synthesized by sol–gel route. Appl Nanosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bhatt M, Sarangi G, Paty BP, Mohapatra D, Chayani N, Mahapatra A, Das P, Sahoo D. Biofilm as a virulence marker in Candida species in Nosocomial blood stream infection and its correlation with antifungal resistance. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33 Suppl:112-4. [PMID: 25657126 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.150909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial blood stream infections (BSI) due to fungi especially Candida is increasing steadily. A two year prospective study was conducted in the S.C.B. Medical College with an aim to evaluate the species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm formation of Candida spp. isolated from nosocomial BSIs. 34 Candida spp. were isolated from 359 blood cultures. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by microbroth dilution technique and both visual and spectrophotometric method were used for biofilm detection. C. tropicalis was the common spp. isolated followed by C. parapsilosis and others. Most (92%) of the isolates were susceptible to Amphoterecin-B and highest resistance was observed against Flucytosine (37%) and Fluconazole(35%). Biofilm production and antifungal resistance was observed more in nonalbicans Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
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Padma Latha P, Bhatt M, Jain SL. Sustainable catalysis using magnetic chicken feathers decorated with Pd(0) for Suzuki-cross coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar R, Kumar Pate S, Rami Reddy B, Bhatt M, Karthik K, Gandham RK, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K. Apoptosis and Other Alternate Mechanisms of Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.646.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kelly T, Prah M, Jogal S, Maheshwari M, Lew S, Schmainda K, Kannan G, Khatua S, Zaky W, Ketonen L, Drogosiewicz M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Jurkiewicz E, Nowak K, Perek D, Hirpara D, Bhatt M, Scheinemann K, Shimizu Y, Kondo A, Miyajima M, Arai H, Dvir R, Shiran S, Sira LB, Roth J, Tabori U, Bouffet E, Durno C, Aronson M, Constantini S, Elhasid R, Fangusaro J, Marsh J, Bregman C, Diaz A, Byrne R, Ziel E, Goldman S, Calmon R, Grevent D, Blauwblomme T, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Varlet P, Dufour C, Grill J, Saitovich A, Zilbovicius M, Brunelle F, Boddaert N, Wei L, Tan AM, Tang PH, Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Vlachos N, Davies N, Arvanitis T, Grundy R, Peet A, Withey S, Novak J, MacPherson L, Peet A, Avula S, Kumar R, Pizer B, Pettorini B, Garlick D, Mallucci C, Reddick W, Guo J, Glass J, Pryweller J, Gajjar A, Thust S, Blanco E, Mankad K, Michalski A. RADIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Borgohain R, Szasz J, Stanzione P, Meshram C, Bhatt M, Chirilineau D, Stocchi F, Lucini V, Giuliani R, Forrest E, Rice P, Anand R. Randomized trial of safinamide add-on to levodopa in Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations. Mov Disord 2013; 29:229-37. [PMID: 24323641 PMCID: PMC4285943 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa is effective for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but is associated with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Many patients require add-on therapy to improve motor fluctuations without exacerbating dyskinesia. The objective of this Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of safinamide, an α-aminoamide with dopaminergic and nondopaminergic mechanisms, as add-on to l-dopa in the treatment of patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Patients were randomized to oral safinamide 100 mg/day (n = 224), 50 mg/day (n = 223), or placebo (n = 222) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia (assessed using the Hauser patient diaries). Secondary endpoints included off time, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III (motor) scores, and Clinical Global Impression-Change (CGI-C). At week 24, mean ± SD increases in total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia were 1.36 ± 2.625 hours for safinamide 100 mg/day, 1.37 ± 2.745 hours for safinamide 50 mg/day, and 0.97 ± 2.375 hours for placebo. Least squares means differences in both safinamide groups were significantly higher versus placebo. Improvements in off time, UPDRS Part III, and CGI-C were significantly greater in both safinamide groups versus placebo. There were no significant between-group differences for incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or TEAEs leading to discontinuation. The addition of safinamide 50 mg/day or 100 mg/day to l-dopa in patients with PD and motor fluctuations significantly increased total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia, decreased off time, and improved parkinsonism, indicating that safinamide improves motor symptoms and parkinsonism without worsening dyskinesia.
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Schapira AHV, Stocchi F, Borgohain R, Onofrj M, Bhatt M, Lorenzana P, Lucini V, Giuliani R, Anand R. Long-term efficacy and safety of safinamide as add-on therapy in early Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:271-80. [PMID: 22967035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Safinamide is an α-aminoamide with both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic mechanisms of action in Phase III clinical development as a once-daily add-on to dopamine agonist (DA) therapy for early Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Study 017 was a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pre-planned extension study to the previously reported Study 015. Patients received safinamide 100 or 200 mg/day or placebo added to a single DA in early PD. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time from baseline (Study 015 randomization) to 'intervention', defined as increase in DA dose; addition of another DA, levodopa or other PD treatment; or discontinuation due to lack of efficacy. Safinamide groups were pooled for the primary efficacy endpoint analysis; post hoc analyses were performed on each separate dose group. RESULTS Of the 269 patients randomized in Study 015, 227 (84%) enrolled in Study 017 and 187/227 (82%) patients completed the extension study. Median time to intervention was 559 and 466 days in the pooled safinamide and placebo groups, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.3342). In post hoc analyses, patients receiving safinamide 100 mg/day experienced a significantly lower rate of intervention compared with placebo (25% vs. 51%, respectively) and a delay in median time to intervention of 9 days (P < 0.05; 240- to 540-day analysis). CONCLUSIONS The pooled data from the safinamide groups failed to reach statistical significance for the primary endpoint of median time from baseline to additional drug intervention. Post hoc analyses indicate that safinamide 100 mg/day may be effective as add-on treatment to DA in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Bhatt M. 3.9.4 DYSTONIA, WILSON'S DISEASE. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Anand R, Borgohain R, Bhatt M, Stocchi F, Chirileanu D, Lucini V. 2.267 LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF SAFINAMIDE AS ADD-ON TO LEVODOPA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) USING AN ‘ON’ AND ‘ON-OFF’ TREATMENT ANALYSIS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Anand R, Meshram C, Szasz J, Bhatt M, Guiliani R, Forrest E, Lucini V. 2.269 SAFINAMIDE AS ADD-ON TO LEVODOPA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE WITH MOTOR FLUCTUATIONS MAY IMPROVE RESPONDER RATES VERSUS PLACEBO DURING LONG-TERM TREATMENT. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh P, Srivastava A, Singh P, Singh D, Dalela D, Goel M, Gupta S, Negi M, Bhatt M, Rath S. P36 Diagnostic and prognostic potential of CK20 gene expression in patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. EJC Suppl 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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34
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Freedman S, Gouin S, Bhatt M, Johnson D, Guimont C, Black K, Joubert G, Porter R, Doan Q, Van Wylick R, Stephens D. A Prospective Assessment of Practice Variation in the Treatment of Pediatric Gastroenteritis. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.31a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Szasz J, Borgohain R, Bhatt M, Rossetti S, Lucini V, Anand R. P2.108 Improvements in symptom severity and daily living with saflnamide in Parkinson's disease: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borgohain R, Szasz J, Bhatt M, Rossetti S, Lucini V, Anand R. P2.098 Saflnamide as an adjunct to levodopa signiflcantly improved motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Baluja S, Bhatt M. The solution heat and conductance of some azomethines nonaqueous solutions at 308.15 K. Russ J Phys Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409130081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Souayah N, Bhatt M, Sander HW. Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve conduction study technique. Neurol Neurophysiol Neurosci 2007:5. [PMID: 18066427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper describes an improved electrodiagnostic methodology for posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (PABC) neuropathy based on retrospective analysis. METHODS Results of PABC nerve conduction studies in 14 control patients and 3 patients with left PABC neuropathy are included. Stimulation was performed 0.5 to 2.0 cm above the lateral epicondyle, and the recordings were acquired at 12 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm distally. Data was evaluated using the mean A+/- standard deviation, calculated for descriptive analysis of continuous variables whereas frequencies and percentages were determined for categorical variables. Abnormal cutoff values including side-side comparison values were established so that all normal control values would fall within the normal range. RESULTS PABC conduction studies with 20 cm recording distance demonstrated abnormal electrodiagnostic findings in all 3 patients, while more proximal recordings failed to document the neuropathy. CONCLUSION The recording of PABC responses at 12 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm distal to the stimulating electrode offers a more comprehensive evaluation and may be a more sensitive test for evaluation of suspected PABC neuropathy, in comparison to traditional 12 cm recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Souayah
- Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Charu V, Belani CP, Gill AN, Bhatt M, Tomita D, Rossi G, Ben-Jacob A. Efficacy and Safety of Every‐2‐Week Darbepoetin Alfa in Patients with Anemia of Cancer: A Controlled, Randomized, Open‐Label Phase II Trial. Oncologist 2007; 12:727-37. [PMID: 17602062 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-6-727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the effect of darbepoetin alfa on hospitalization days, transfusion requirements, hemoglobin levels, and fatigue in patients with anemia of cancer (AOC). Eligible patients were anemic (hemoglobin <or=11 g/dl) due to cancer, >or=18 years old, and had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks of study screening. Patients were randomized 4:1 to receive darbepoetin alfa, 3.0 microg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W) (n = 226), or observation only for 12 weeks (n = 59), followed by an optional 9 weeks of darbepoetin alfa, 3.0 microg/kg Q2W. Endpoints were compared between the two treatment arms at week 13. A planned interim analysis indicated that assumptions regarding hospitalization in the study design were incorrect, so the study was terminated early. Therefore, results for the primary endpoint should be interpreted cautiously. The hospitalization rate was similar (0.5 days) for both the darbepoetin alfa and observation groups (p = .73). Transfusion incidence (weeks 5-12) was significantly lower for darbepoetin alfa patients (8%) than for observation patients (22%) (p = .0092). By week 13, hemoglobin increased by 2.1 g/dl in patients receiving darbepoetin alfa, compared with 0.1 g/dl in the observation group p < .0001. Hemoglobin improvements were paralleled by an increase in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue score (mean change in score at week 13: darbepoetin alfa, 6.0; observation, 2.2; p < .05). Darbepoetin alfa Q2W can significantly improve hemoglobin levels and reduce transfusion requirements in patients with AOC, resulting in significant improvements in health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Charu
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, California, USA
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Borgohain R, Bhatt M, Rossetti S, Anand R. 2.208 Safinamide potentiates the effects of dopamine (DA)-agonists in early stage Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schneider SA, Aggarwal A, Bhatt M, Dupont E, Tisch S, Limousin P, Lee P, Quinn N, Bhatia KP. Severe tongue protrusion dystonia: Clinical syndromes and possible treatment. Neurology 2006; 67:940-3. [PMID: 17000958 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237446.06971.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe intermittent or sustained severe involuntary tongue protrusion in patients with a dystonic syndrome. Speech, swallowing, and breathing difficulties can be severe enough to be life threatening. Causes include neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and postanoxic and tardive dystonia. The pathophysiology of intermittent severe tongue protrusion remains unknown. Tongue protrusion dystonia is often unresponsive to oral drugs but may benefit from botulinum toxin injections into the genioglossus muscle. Bilateral deep brain pallidal stimulation was beneficial in two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Schneider
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Abstract
Although menstruation is still considered a natural event by women in India, perceptions about menstruation are changing. We report on our study of 1150 urban and 850 rural women. The urban women included high school and college students, professional women, and housewives. A 10-point questionnaire was pretested in a clinic setting and then administered to the study group. The responses show that 80% of high school and college students and professional women wish to have infrequent menses or no menses at all. In contrast, 70% of rural women prefer to have monthly menses. The authors wish to initiate a debate on this issue among health care providers and women's groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B.D. Amin General Hospital, Baroda, India.
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Charu V, Belani CP, Gill AN, Bhatt M, Ben-Jacob A, Tomita D, Katz D. A controlled, randomized, open-label study to evaluate the effect of every-2-week darbepoetin alfa for anemia of cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Charu
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - C. P. Belani
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - A. N. Gill
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - M. Bhatt
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - A. Ben-Jacob
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - D. Tomita
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - D. Katz
- Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, CA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; Carolina Cancer Center, Aiken, SC; Medina General Hospital, Medina, OH; Cache Valley Cancer Treatment & Research Clinic, Logan, UT; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is relatively uncommon in children. Following torrential rains and flooding an outbreak of leptospirosis was suspected in Mumbai. AIMS To investigate the possibility of an outbreak of leptospirosis and describe the clinical illness. METHODS From 24 July to 14 September 2000, children with a history of abrupt onset of high fever (>39 degrees C), who presented to our hospital, were admitted and tested serologically for anti-Leptospira antibodies by a quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. An IgM titre of more than 20U/ml confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Clinical features in the confirmed leptospirosis and leptospirosis negative groups were analysed. RESULTS Of 53 children screened, 18 (34%) had leptospirosis. In all 18, the disease was anicteric and responded well to intravenous penicillin. Four clinical features present at the time of admission were significantly associated with leptospirosis: a history of contact with flood water (18/18 v 16/35), conjunctival suffusion (5/18 v 1/35), abdominal pain (9/18 v 5/35), and skin rash (5/18 v 1/35). As the number of these four features concomitantly present increased, the chances of the child having leptospirosis also increased significantly. A history of contact with flood water had a sensitivity of 100%, and the presence of conjunctival suffusion, abdominal pain, and skin rash had a specificity of 97%, 86%, and 97%, respectively, for identifying children with leptospirosis. CONCLUSION Leptospirosis should be suspected in febrile children with contact with flood water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karande
- Department of Paediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Bombay, 400 022, India
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Sasek V, Bhatt M, Cajthaml T, Malachová K, Lednická D. Compost-mediated removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 44:336-342. [PMID: 12712293 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-2037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compost-assisted remediation of a manufactured-gas plant soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in thermally insulated composting chamber using mushroom compost consisting wheat straw, chicken manure, and gypsum. The degradation of individual PAHs was in range of 20-60% at the end of 54 days of composting followed by further increase of PAH removal (37-80%) after another 100 days of maturation. Both chemical analysis of the contaminated soil for PAHs and ecotoxicity tests on bioluminescent bacteria, earthworms, and plant seeds were performed before and after the composting. After the composting, inhibition of bioluminescence decreased, whereas no significant change in toxicity was observed for earthworm survival and seed germination. Using bacterial culture of Escherichia coli K12 genotoxicity tests were performed on samples taken from different parts of the composting pile; after the composting the decrease in genotoxicity was observed only in the sample taken from upper part of the composted pile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sasek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Composting technique was used for bioremediation of industrial soil originating from a former tar-contaminated site. The composting process was regulated by aeration to keep optimal temperature gradient and concentrations of O2 and CO2 inside the composting pile. The efficiency of bioremediation was evaluated by performing analysis of 11 individual three- to six-ring unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and estimating of changes in ecotoxicity of the contaminated soil. After 42 d of composting, PAH with 3-4 rings were removed from 42 to 68%, other higher-molar mass PAH from 35 to 57%. Additional 100 d of compost maturation in open-air field did not result in a further decrease of PAH. Ecotoxicity tests performed with bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischerii showed a decrease in toxicity both after composting and maturation phases. However, toxicity tests on mustard-seed germination did not reveal any significant changes during composting and maturation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czechia
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Abstract
Out of a number of white-rot fungal cultures, strains of Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus were selected for degradation of 7 three- and four-ring unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in two contaminated industrial soils. Respective data for removal of PAH in the two industrial soils by I. lacteus were: fluorene (41 and 67%), phenanthrene (20 and 56%), anthracene (29 and 49%), fluoranthene (29 and 57%), pyrene (24 and 42%), chrysene (16 and 32%) and benzo[a]anthracene (13 and 20%). In the same two industrial soils P. ostreatus degraded the PAH with respective removal figures of fluorene (26 and 35%), phenanthrene (0 and 20%), anthracene (19 and 53%), fluoranthene (29 and 31%), pyrene (22 and 42%), chrysene (0 and 42%) and benzo[a]anthracene (0 and 13%). The degradation of PAH was determined against concentration of PAH in non-treated contaminated soils after 14 weeks of incubation. The fungal degradation of PAH in soil was studied simultaneously with ecotoxicity evaluation of fungal treated and non-treated contaminated soils. Compared to non-treated contaminated soil, fungus-treated soil samples indicated decrease in inhibition of bioluminescence in luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischerii) and increase in germinated mustard (Brassica alba) seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czechia
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Novotný C, Rawal B, Bhatt M, Patel M, Sasek V, Molitoris HP. Capacity of Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus for decolorization of chemically different dyes. J Biotechnol 2001; 89:113-22. [PMID: 11500204 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rate and efficiency of decolorization of poly R-478- or Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)-containing agar plates (200 microg x g(-1)) were tested to evaluate the dye degradation activity in a total of 103 wood-rotting fungal strains. Best strains were able to completely decolorize plates within 10 days at 28 degrees C. Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus were selected and used for degradation of six different groups of dyes (azo, diazo, anthraquinone-based, heterocyclic, triphenylmethane, phthalocyanine) on agar plates. Both fungi efficiently degraded dyes from all groups. Removal of RBBR, Bromophenol blue, Cu-phthalocyanine, Methyl red and Congo red was studied with I. lacteus also in liquid medium. Within 14 days, the following color reductions were attained: RBBR 93%, Bromophenol blue 100%, Cu-phthalocyanine 98%, Methyl red 56%, Congo red 58%. The ability of I. lacteus to degrade RBBR spiked into sterile soil was checked, the removal being 77% of the dye added within 6 weeks. The capacity of selected white rot fungal species to remove efficiently diverse synthetic dyes from water and soil environments is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Novotný
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 14220 4, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
We describe three patients who developed a rapidly evolving posttraumatic akinetic-rigid syndrome (ARS), the clinical manifestations of which were similar to Parkinson's disease, including response to levodopa. Despite initial imaging studies showing traumatic damage to the substantia nigra, the ARS appeared after a delay of 1-5 months after the injury. We stress the importance of magnetic resonance imaging to illustrate nigral damage in all patients in whom head trauma precedes an ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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