1
|
Li SM, Zeng WZ, Chung CY, Uramaru N, Huang GJ, Wong FF. Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of water-soluble PEGylated 1,2,4-Triazoles. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107312. [PMID: 38599053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble PEGylated 1,2,4-triazoles 5-8 were successfully synthesized from methyl 5-(chloromethyl)-1-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylates 1. All of the water-soluble PEGylated 1,2,4-triazoles were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solubility, in vitro plasma stability, and anti-inflammatory activity were also determined and compared to original methyl 5-(halomethyl)-1-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylates. For SAR study, all PEGylated 1,2,4-triazoles 5-8 performed potential anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 3.42-7.81 μM). Moreover, the western blot result showed PEGylated 1,2,4-triazole 7d performed 5.43 and 2.37 folds inhibitory activity over iNOS and COX-2 expressions. On the other hand, the cell viability study revealed PEGylated 1,2,4-triazoles 7 and 8 with PEG molecular weight more than 600 presented better cell safety (cell viability > 95 %). Through the solubility and in vitro plasma stability studies, PEGylated 1,2,4-triazoles 7a-d exhibited higher hydrophilicity and prolonged 2.01 folds of half-life in compound 7d. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-inflammatory and gastric safety results indicated PEGylated 1,2,4-triazole 7d more effectively decreased the inflammatory response in edema and COX-2 expression and exhibited higher gastric safety than Indomethacin. Following the in vitro and in vivo study results, PEGylated 1,2,4-triazole 7d possessed favorable solubility, plasma stability features, safety, and significant anti-inflammatory activity to become the potential water-soluble anti-inflammatory candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Min Li
- Institute of Translation Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro Inamachi Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama-ken 10281, Japan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chung CY, Li SM, Zeng WZ, Uramaru N, Huang GJ, Juang SH, Wong FF. Synthesis, design, and antiproliferative evaluation of 6-(N-Substituted-methyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as the potent anti-leukemia agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107424. [PMID: 38728908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, including pyrazolopyrimidines, 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidines, 6-[(formyloxy)methyl]pyrazolopyrimidines, 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine, and 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines have been successfully prepared and tested against NCI-H226, NPC-TW01, and Jurkat cancer cell lines. Among the tested pyrazolopyrimidine compounds, we found 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidines and 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines with essential o-ClPh or p-ClPh substituted moieties on N-1 pyrazole ring exhibited the best IC50 inhibition activity for Jurkat cells. Furthermore, optimization of the SAR study on the C-6 position of pyrazolopyrimidine ring demonstrated that 6-(N-substituted-methyl)pyrazolopyrimidines 17b, 17d, and 19d possessed the significant IC50 inhibitory activity for the different leukemia cell lines, especially for Jurkat, K-562, and HL-60. On the other hand, further SAR inhibition and docking model studies revealed that compound 19d, which has a 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-1-amino side-chain on the C-6 position, was able to form four hydrogen bonds with residues Ala226, Leu152, and Glu194 and specifically extended into the P1 pocket subsite with Aurora A, resulting in improved inhibitory activity almost similar to SNS-314. To explore the anti-cancer mechanism, compound 19d was measured by Western blot analysis in Jurkat T-cells, however, it showed non-responsibility to Aurora B. For the further structural modifications on the lateral chain of compound 19d, compounds 24 with longer lateral chain were designed and synthesized for testing leukemia cell lines. However, compounds 24 was significantly decrease inhibition potency against leukemia cell lines. Based on the in-vitro results, compounds 17b and 19d could be considered to be the best potential lead drug in our study for the development of new and effective therapies for leukemia treatment. On the other hand, the DHFR inhibition results indicated compound 19d possessed good inhibitory activity and better than the reported naphthalene derivative. Through further comparisons of the model superposition of three-dimensional (3D) conformations in DHFR, compound 19d presented a similar structural alignment to Methotrexate and the reported naphthalene derivative and led to similar drug-like functional relationships. As a results, compound 19d would be a potential DHFR inhibitor for anti-leukemia drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Min Li
- Institute of Translation Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 100, Jingmao 1st Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro Inamachi Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama-ken 10281, Japan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Jingmao 1st Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Jingmao 1st Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kimura E, Suzuki G, Uramaru N, Kakeyama M, Maekawa F. 2-Chloro-3,7,8-tribromodibenzofuran as a new environmental pollutant inducing atypical ultrasonic vocalization in infant mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:999-1004. [PMID: 37915473 PMCID: PMC10615804 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants impairs the cognitive and motor functions of offspring in humans and laboratory animals. Infant ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), the communicative behavior of pups toward caregivers, are impaired in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a useful method to evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Therefore, we investigated USVs emitted by mouse pups of dams exposed to 2-chloro-3,7,8-tribromodibenzofuran (TeXDF) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (PeBDF), which are detected in the actual environment. The USV duration and number in the pups born to dams administered with TeXDF 40 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), but not 8 μg/kg b.w., on gestational day (GD) 12.5, were significantly lower than those in the corresponding pups on postnatal days 3-9. Conversely, there was no statistical change in the USVs emitted by the pups of dams administered with PeBDF 35 or 175 μg/kg b.w. on GD 12.5. To examine whether maternal exposure leads to behavioral impairments in adulthood, we analyzed exploratory behaviors in a novel environment using IntelliCage, a fully automated testing apparatus for group-housed mice. Neither TeXDF nor PeBDF exposure induced significant differences in offspring exploration. Considered together, our findings revealed that TeXDF induces atypical USV emission in infant mice, suggesting the importance of further studies on the risk assessment of mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Kimura
- Health and Environmental Risk Research Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Health and Environmental Risk Research Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li SM, Chou JY, Tsai SE, Tseng CC, Chung CY, Zeng WZ, Hu YP, Uramaru N, Huang GJ, Wong FF. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of NO-releasing furoxan/1,2,4-triazole hybrid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115496. [PMID: 37224762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis method was developed for furoxan/1,2,4-triazole hybrids 5a-k from methyl 5-(halomethyl)-1-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylates 1 through two-steps reaction including hydrolyzation and esterification. All of the furoxan/1,2,4-triazole hybrid derivatives were characterized by spectroscopy. On the other hand, the influence of newly synthesized multi-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles on the exogenous NO release ability, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, and in silico predictions were experimentally evaluated. Based on the exogenous NO release ability study and SAR studies of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, all of compounds 5a-k exhibited slightly NO release ability and potential anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 5.74-15.3 μM) compared to Celecoxib (IC50 = 16.5 μM) and Indomethacin (IC50 = 56.8 μM). Furthermore, compounds 5a-k were also subjected to in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition assays. Particularly, compound 5f exhibited extraordinary COX-2 inhibition (IC50 = 0.0455 μM) and selectivity (SI = 209). In addition, compound 5f was also examined in vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine productions and gastric safety and possessed the better inhibition of cytokine and safety compared with Indomethacin at the same concentration. Through the molecular modeling and in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties prediction, compound 5f was stabilized in COX-2 active binding site and possessed the fundamental strong H-bond interaction with Arg499 to form the significant physicochemical and pharmacological properties as a candidate drug. Following the in vitro, in vivo, and in silico study results, compound 5f demonstrated to be a potential anti-inflammatory agent and had comparable effects with Celecoxib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Min Li
- Institute of Translation Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Chou
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-En Tsai
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Tseng
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro Inamachi Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama-ken, 10281, Japan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Fuh Wong
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uramaru N, Kawashima A, Osabe M, Higuchi T. Rhododendrol, a reductive metabolite of raspberry ketone, suppresses the differentiation of 3T3‑L1 cells into adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:51. [PMID: 36633126 PMCID: PMC9879071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, and a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition to changes in dietary habits and physical activity, consuming supplements to maintain good health and prevent obesity is important in modern society. Raspberry ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic ketone found in the European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and is hypothesized to prevent obesity when administered orally. The present study found that RK was reduced to rhododendrol (ROH) in human liver microsomes and cytosol. The present study investigated whether the metabolite ROH had anti‑adipogenic effects using mouse 3T3‑L1 cells. The effects of ROH or RK on lipid accumulation during differentiation of 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocyte into adipocyte were determined using Oil Red O staining. CCAAT enhancer‑binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA and protein expression were examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The present study revealed that ROH suppressed lipid accumulation in the cells, similar to RK. In addition, ROH suppressed the mRNA expression levels of C/EBPα and PPARγ in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, ROH suppressed PPARγ protein expression in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. These findings suggested that ROH is an active metabolite with an anti‑adipogenic effect, which may contribute to the anti‑obesity effect of orally administered RK. The present study indicated that it is important to understand the biological activity of the metabolites of orally administered compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Uramaru
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawashima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Makoto Osabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Higuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Toshiyuki Higuchi, Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakayama K, Tue NM, Fujioka N, Tokusumi H, Goto A, Uramaru N, Suzuki G. Determination of the relative potencies of brominated dioxins for risk assessment in aquatic environments using the early-life stage of Japanese medaka. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 247:114227. [PMID: 36306615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
World Health Organization toxic equivalency factors (WHO-TEFs) are recommended for risk management of brominated dioxins in aquatic environments because limited information is available on their toxicity to fish. To validate this approach, we obtained the relative potencies of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polybrominated dibenzofurans and mixed-halogenated furans (PXDF, X = Cl/Br) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) based on their toxicity to the early-life stage of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). 2,3,7,8-substituted brominated dibenzofurans caused typical dioxin exposure effects, such as blue-sac disease. The TCDD-relative potency factors (REPs) of test substances were calculated based on the concentrations in water and eggs that caused 20% lethality on day 28 post-fertilization, and were in the order of: 2-chloro-3,7,8-tribromodibenzofuran (REPwater 3.3, REPegg 4.6) > 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (0.85, 0.92) > 2,3,4,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (0.053, 0.55) > 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (0.0091, 0.19). The transfer rate from water to eggs was lower for pentabrominated furans than tetrabrominated congeners, and was expected to decrease with the log Kow of the test substance. Although the REPegg value can be used to compare the toxicity potential of brominated dioxins, REPwater may be more suitable for environmental risk assessment because the uptake potential of these compounds from water should be considered. This study is the first to report higher toxicity of a PXDF congener compared with TCDD in vivo, further investigations of the toxicity of mixed-halogenated dioxins and environmental behavior are necessary for environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakayama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Naoto Fujioka
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Tokusumi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Akitoshi Goto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamamoto H, Uramaru N, Kawashima A, Higuchi T. Carbonic anhydrase 3 increases during liver adipogenesis even in pre-obesity, and its inhibitors reduce liver adipose accumulation. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:827-834. [PMID: 35108454 PMCID: PMC8972057 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver that occurs after high caloric intake is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Differences between samples from healthy livers and livers from individuals with NAFLD indicate that changes in liver function occur during disease progression. Here, we examined changes in protein expression in a fatty liver model in the early stages of obesity to identify potential alterations in function. The proteins expressed in the liver tissue of pre‐obese rats were separated via SDS/PAGE and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue‐G250. Peptide mass fingerprinting indicated an increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) relative to controls. Western blotting analysis confirmed the increase in CA3 expression, even in an early fat‐accumulation state in which excessive weight gain had not yet occurred. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, fat accumulation induced with oleic acid also resulted in increased CA3 expression. When the cells were in a state of fat accumulation, treating them with the CA3 inhibitors acetazolamide (ACTZ) or 6‐ethoxyzolamide (ETZ) suppressed fat accumulation, but only ETZ somewhat reduced the fat‐induced upregulation of CA3 expression. Expression of CA3 was therefore upregulated in response to the consumption of a high‐fat diet, even in the absence of an increase in body weight. The suppression of CA3 activity by ACTZ or ETZ reduced fat accumulation in hepatocytes, suggesting that CA3 is involved in the development of fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawashima
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Higuchi
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kimura E, Suzuki G, Uramaru N, Kakeyama M, Maekawa F. Liver-specific decrease in Tff3 gene expression in infant mice perinatally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:305-317. [PMID: 34254344 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) are byproducts of brominated flame retardants and can cause adverse health effects. Although exposure to polychlorinated (PC) DD/DFs induces toxic effects, including liver injury and neurobehavioral disorder, little is known about toxicities associated with PBDD/DF exposure. Thus, we examined effects of perinatal exposure to brominated congener on the infant mouse. Gene expression in several organs, such as the liver and brain, was analyzed in mouse offspring born to dams administered 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF; 9 or 45 μg/kg body weight) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 3 μg/kg body weight) on gestational day 12.5. An increase in liver size was observed in TBDF- or TCDD-exposed offspring in infancy. Gene microarray analysis revealed that 163 and 36 genes were markedly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the liver of TBDF-exposed mice compared with those in vehicle-treated mice on postnatal day (PND) 5. Significant increases in Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Fmo3, and Pnliprp1 and decreases in Tff3, Ocstamp, Kcnk16, and Lgals2 mRNA levels in TBDF-exposed offspring on PNDs 5 and 12 were confirmed by quantitative PCR. In particular, a significant reduction in Tff3 mRNA in the liver, but not in the brain, small intestine, colon, and kidney, was observed in offspring perinatally exposed to TBDF or TCDD. Ultrasonic calls of TBDF- or TCDD-exposed offspring on PNDs 3-5 were impaired. Taken together, perinatal exposure to polyhalogenated dioxin/furan congeners disrupts gene expression patterns in the liver and ultrasonic calling during infancy. These results suggest that liver injury may contribute to neurobehavioral disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Kimura
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kimura E, Suzuki G, Uramaru N, Endo T, Maekawa F. Behavioral impairments in infant and adult mouse offspring exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran in utero and via lactation. Environ Int 2020; 142:105833. [PMID: 32559560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) have been unintentionally produced and emitted from the lifecycle of products containing brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ether, which is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Although it is plausible that PBDD/DFs can also induce DNT, information regarding their neurotoxic potential is currently limited. Hence, in the present study, we examined the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to brominated dibenzofurans on infant and adult offspring behavior to understand the mechanism of PBDD/DFs toxicity and detect effective behavioral endpoints in DNT assessment. We analyzed the behavior of mouse offspring born to dams administered 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TeBDF; dose of 0, 9, or 45 μg/kg) or 2,3,8-tribromodibenzofuran (2,3,8-TrBDF; dose of 0, 75.6, or 378 μg/kg) on gestational day 12.5. In mouse offspring born to dams exposed to 2,3,7,8-TeBDF, the exploratory behavior in a novel environment in adulthood and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) during infancy were significantly reduced. Additionally, AhR-target genes, such as Cyp1a1, were induced in the liver of 2,3,7,8-TeBDF-exposed offspring in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, no significant changes in the infant and adult behaviors and expression level of AhR-target genes were observed in the 2,3,8-TrBDF-exposed offspring. These results suggest that 2,3,7,8-TeBDF can induce DNT and that the analysis of exploratory behavior in a novel environment and USV may be useful endpoints to assess DNT of dioxin-related substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Kimura
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Endo
- Phenovance Research & Technology, 5-4-19-302A, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujino C, Watanabe Y, Sanoh S, Hattori S, Nakajima H, Uramaru N, Kojima H, Yoshinari K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Comparative study of the effect of 17 parabens on PXR-, CAR- and PPARα-mediated transcriptional activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Fujino C, Watanabe Y, Sanoh S, Nakajima H, Uramaru N, Kojima H, Yoshinari K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Activation of PXR, CAR and PPARα by pyrethroid pesticides and the effect of metabolism by rat liver microsomes. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02466. [PMID: 31538121 PMCID: PMC6745485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used reporter gene assays in COS-1 cells to examine the activation of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR), rat constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and rat peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α by pyrethroid pesticides, and to understand the effects of metabolic modification on their activities. All eight pyrethroids tested in this study showed rat PXR agonistic activity; deltamethrin was the most potent, followed by cis-permethrin and cypermethrin. However, when the pyrethroids were incubated with rat liver microsomes, their rat PXR activities were decreased to various extents. Cis- and trans-permethrin showed weak rat CAR agonistic activity, while the other pyrethroids were inactive. However, fenvalerate showed dose-dependent inverse agonistic activity toward rat CAR, and this activity was reduced after metabolism. None of the pyrethroids showed rat PPARα agonistic activity, but a metabolite of cis-/trans-permethrin and phenothrin, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, activated rat PPARα. Since PXR, CAR and PPARα regulate various xenobiotic/endobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, activation of these receptors by pyrethroids may result in endocrine disruption due to changes of hormone-metabolizing activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.,Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Wakayama Medical University; 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hsiao RH, Tseng CC, Xie JJ, Tsai SE, Uramaru N, Lin CY, Chern CY, Wong FF. Selective synthesis of functionalized pyrazoles from 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes with sodium nitrite: 5-Amino-4-nitrosopyrazoles and pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Tsai SE, Yen WP, Tseng CC, Xie JJ, Liou MY, Li YT, Uramaru N, Wong FF. Efficient acid catalytic synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines from 1H-pyrazol-5-yl-N,N-dimethylformamidines with cyanamide. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Tsai SE, Lee JC, Uramaru N, Takayama H, Huang GJ, Wong FF. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 3α-hydroxyl-3β-methoxymethyl-5α-pregnan-20-one with a C-21 hydrophilic substituent. Heteroatom Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-En Tsai
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jang-Chang Lee
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science; Nihon Pharmaceutical University; Komuro Inamachi Kit-adachi-gun; Saitama-ken Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takayama
- Department of Environmental Science; Nihon Pharmaceutical University; Komuro Inamachi Kit-adachi-gun; Saitama-ken Japan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources; College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang WP, Huang SS, Matsuda Y, Saito H, Uramaru N, Ho HY, Wu JB, Huang GJ. Protective Effects of Tormentic Acid, a Major Component of Suspension Cultures of Eriobotrya japonica Cells, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050830. [PMID: 28524081 PMCID: PMC6154347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to fatal liver damage. The hepatoprotective effects of tormentic acid (TA) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage were investigated in mice. TA was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered for six days prior to APAP administration. Pretreatment with TA prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T-Bil), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and liver lipid peroxide levels in APAP-treated mice and markedly reduced APAP-induced histological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, TA attenuated the APAP-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that TA blocked the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in APAP-injured liver tissues. TA also retained the superoxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of TA may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation. Antioxidative properties were also observed, as shown by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the liver, and decreases in lipid peroxides and ROS. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hui-Ya Ho
- Jen Li Biotech Company Ltd., Taiping District, Taichung 41143, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yen WP, Tsai SE, Uramaru N, Takayama H, Wong FF. One-Flask Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 5-Aminopyrazoles and Mechanistic Study. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050820. [PMID: 28509884 PMCID: PMC6154590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel one-flask synthetic method was developed in which 5-aminopyrazoles were reacted with N,N-substituted amides in the presence of PBr3. Hexamethyldisilazane was then added to perform heterocyclization to produce the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in suitable yields. These one-flask reactions thus involved Vilsmeier amidination, imination reactions, and the sequential intermolecular heterocyclization. To study the reaction mechanism, a series of 4-formyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-N,N-disubstituted formamidines, which were conceived as the chemical equivalent of 4-(iminomethyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-formamidine, were prepared and successfully converted into pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. The experiments demonstrated that the reaction intermediates were the chemical equivalents of 4-(iminomethyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)formamidines. The rate of the reaction could be described as being proportional to the reactivity of amine reactants during intermolecular heterocyclization, especially when hexamethyldisilazane was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Yen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shuo-En Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro Inamachi Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama-ken 10281, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takayama
- Department of Medico Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro Inamachi Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama-ken 10281, Japan.
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Masuda A, Masuda M, Kawano T, Kitsunai Y, Nakayama H, Nakajima H, Kojima H, Kitamura S, Uramaru N, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. Construction of the Database of Rat Repeated-dose Toxicity Tests of Pesticides for the Toxicological Characterization of Hepatocyte Hypertrophy. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:611-622. [PMID: 28458293 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver and hepatocyte hypertrophy can be induced by exposure to chemical compounds, but the mechanisms and toxicological characteristics of these phenomena have not yet been investigated extensively. In particular, it remains unclear whether the hepatocyte hypertrophy induced by chemical compounds should be judged as an adaptive response or an adverse effect. Thus, understanding of the toxicological characteristics of hepatocyte hypertrophy is of great importance to the safety evaluation of pesticides and other chemical compounds. To this end, we have constructed a database of potentially toxic pesticides. Using risk assessment reports of pesticides that are publicly available from the Food Safety Commission of Japan, we extracted all observations/findings that were based on 90-day subacute toxicity tests and 2-year chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity tests in rats. Analysis of the database revealed that hepatocyte hypertrophy was observed for 37-47% of the pesticides investigated (varying depending on sex and testing period), and that centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy was the most frequent among the various types of hepatocyte hypertrophy in both the 90-day and 2-year studies. The database constructed in this study enables us to investigate the relationships between hepatocyte hypertrophy and other toxicological observations/findings, and thus will be useful for characterizing hepatocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Masuda
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Miyabi Masuda
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takuya Kawano
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoko Kitsunai
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Haruka Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health
| | | | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujino C, Tamura Y, Tange S, Nakajima H, Sanoh S, Watanabe Y, Uramaru N, Kojima H, Yoshinari K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Metabolism of methiocarb and carbaryl by rat and human livers and plasma, and effect on their PXR, CAR and PPARα activities. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:677-91. [PMID: 27665777 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic metabolism of methiocarb and the hydrolytic metabolism of carbaryl by liver microsomes and plasma of rats or humans were examined. The effects of the metabolism of methiocarb and carbaryl on their nuclear receptor activities were also examined. When methiocarb was incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, methiocarb sulfoxide, and a novel metabolite, methiocarb sulfone were detected. Methiocarb sulfoxide was oxidized to the sulfone by liver microsomes and reduced back to methiocarb by liver cytosol. Thus, the interconversion between methiocarb and the sulfoxide was found to be a new metabolic pathway for methiocarb by liver microsomes. The product of methiocarb hydrolysis, which is methylthio-3,5-xylenol (MX), was also oxidized to sulfoxide form by rat liver microsomes. The oxidations were catalyzed by human flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform (FMO1). CYP2C19, which is a human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform, catalyzed the sulfoxidations of methiocarb and MX, while CYP1A2 also exhibited oxidase activity toward MX. Methiocarb and carbaryl were not enzymatically hydrolyzed by the liver microsomes, but they were mainly hydrolyzed by plasma and albumin to MX and 1-naphthol, respectively. Both methiocarb and carbaryl exhibited PXR and PPARα agonistic activities; however, methiocarb sulfoxide and sulfone showed markedly reduced activities. In fact, when methiocarb was incubated with liver microsomes, the receptor activities were decreased. In contrast, MX and 1-naphthol showed nuclear receptor activities equivalent to those of their parent carbamates. Thus, the hydrolysis of methiocarb and carbaryl and the oxidation of methiocarb markedly modified their nuclear receptor activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsubara K, Nakamura N, Sanoh S, Ohta S, Kitamura S, Uramaru N, Miyagawa S, Iguchi T, Fujimoto N. Altered expression of the Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 genes in the liver of F344 rats by neonatal thyroid hormone disruption. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1030-1035. [PMID: 28299817 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many concerns have been expressed regarding the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. The disruption of thyroid hormones in the neonatal period may lead to permanent effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis as well as related developmental disorders, as thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues. To understand the long-term alteration in gene expressions by neonatal administration of thyroid hormone-like chemicals in general, we identified genes whose expression was altered in the liver, an important component of the thyroid hormone axis, by neonatal exposure to triiodothyronine (T3). T3 was administered to male F344 rats on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5 (week 0). At 8 weeks of age, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify hepatic genes whose expression was altered by neonatal exposure to T3. Among the up-regulated genes that were identified, the expression of Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 increased specifically in rats neonatally exposed to T3. Interestingly, altered hepatic expression of these genes indeed increased when a hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), OH-BDE42, which is capable of binding to the TR, was given neonatally. Our data demonstrated that neonatal exposure to thyroid hormones could affect the long-term expression of the genes, which could be useful markers for neonatal effects by thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Matsubara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | - Naoto Uramaru
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Endocrine Research Group, Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanoue C, Sugihara K, Tayama Y, Uramaru N, Watanabe Y, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Variability of Zaleplon 5-Oxidase Activity in Mice and Humans, and Inhibition by Raloxifene. Drug Metab Lett 2017; 10:278-285. [PMID: 28029084 DOI: 10.2174/1872312810666161227145358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zaleplon (ZAL) is a sedative-hypnotic agent, which is mainly metabolized to inactive 5-oxidized zaleplon (5-oxo-ZAL) and N-des-ethylated ZAL (des-ethyl-ZAL) in mice and humans. The former reaction is considered to be catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase present in liver cytosol. METHODS Here, we examined sex and strain differences of ZAL metabolism to 5-oxo-ZAL among four strains of mice, as well as the inter-individual variation in humans, in order to evaluate the variability of 5-oxo-ZAL-forming activity and its relationship with aldehyde oxidase activity. In mice, the activity in C57BL/6J strain was the highest, followed by C3H/He and BALB/c. The activity in DBA/2J was the lowest, being 2.3-fold lower than that of C57BL/6J mice. The activity of male mice was higher than that of female mice. Large inter-individual variations were observed among humans, with a range of 10- fold. Raloxifene, an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase, markedly decreased the formation of 5-oxo-ZAL by liver cytosol of mice and humans. Further, the plasma level of 5-oxo-ZAL in mice was decreased when raloxifene was co-administered with ZAL. RESULTS Our results indicate that the formation of 5-oxo-ZAL from ZAL is mainly catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase in mice and humans, and the variability of 5-oxo-ZAL formation is due primarily to differences of aldehyde oxidase activity. CONCLUSION High inter-individual variability of ZAL 5-oxidase activity and potential for interaction of ZAL with other medicines that are inhibitors of aldehyde oxidase should be taken into consideration in clinical usage of ZAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tanoue
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734- 8553. Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Koshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112. Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Koshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112. Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806. Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806. Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734- 8553. Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806. Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ozaki H, Sugihara K, Watanabe Y, Moriguchi K, Uramaru N, Sone T, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Comparative study of hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by microsomes of various rat tissues. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:217-224. [PMID: 28007454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are used in food packaging, and are transferred to foods as contaminants. In this study, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by rat tissue microsomes. We found that carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to these activities. When DMP, DBP and DEHP were incubated with rat liver microsomes, DBP was most effectively hydrolyzed to the phthalate monoester, followed by DMP, and the activity toward DEHP was marginal. In contrast, small-intestinal microsomes exhibited relatively higher activity toward long-side-chain phthalates. Pancreatic microsomes showed high activity toward DEHP and DBP. Liver microsomal hydrolase activity toward DMP was markedly inhibited by bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate, and could be extracted with Triton X-100. The activity toward DBP and DEHP was partly inhibited by carboxylesterase inhibitor, and was partly solubilized with Triton X-100. Ces1e, Ces1d and Ces1f expressed in COS cells exhibited the highest hydrolase activity toward DBP, showing a similar pattern to that of liver microsomes. Ces1e showed activity towards DMP and DEHP. Pancreatic lipase also hydrolyzed DBP and DEHP. Thus, carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to phthalate hydrolysis: short-side-chain phthalates are mainly hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase and long-side-chain phthalates are mainly hydrolyzed by lipase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ozaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Koshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kyoko Moriguchi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Sone
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiang KH, Lu SH, Yen WP, Uramaru N, Tseng WS, Chang TW, Wong FF. Effective Synthesis ofN-Arylformamide from α-Halo-N-arylacetamides. Heteroatom Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Heng Chiang
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Shi-Han Lu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Yen
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Environmental Science; Nihon Pharmaceutical University; 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun Saitama Japan
| | - Wei-Siou Tseng
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Chang
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tange S, Fujimoto N, Uramaru N, Wong FF, Sugihara K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. In vitro metabolism of methiocarb and carbaryl in rats, and its effect on their estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 41:289-297. [PMID: 26774076 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the metabolism of the carbamate insecticides methiocarb and carbaryl by rat liver microsomes and plasma, and its effect on their endocrine-disrupting activities. Methiocarb and carbaryl were not enzymatically hydrolyzed by rat liver microsomes, but were hydrolyzed by rat plasma, mainly to methylthio-3,5-xylenol (MX) and 1-naphthol, respectively. When methiocarb was incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, methiocarb sulfoxide was formed. The hydrolysis product, MX, was also oxidized to the sulfoxide, 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenol (SP), by rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. These oxidase activities were catalyzed by cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase. Methiocarb and carbaryl both exhibited estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ agonistic activity. MX and 1-naphthol showed similar activities, but methiocarb sulfoxide and SP showed markedly decreased activities. On the other hand, methiocarb and carbaryl exhibited potent antiandrogenic activity in the concentration range of 1×10(-6)-3×10(-5) M. Their hydrolysis products, MX, and 1-naphthol also showed high activity, equivalent to that of flutamide. However, methiocarb sulfoxide and SP showed relatively low activity. Thus, hydrolysis of methiocarb and carbaryl and oxidation of methiocarb to the sulfoxide markedly modified the estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of methiocarb and carbaryl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tange
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Hirokoshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ozaki H, Sugihara K, Tamura Y, Fujino C, Watanabe Y, Uramaru N, Sone T, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates, fragrances and flavoring agents in foods, by microsomes of rat and human tissues. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Yen WP, Liu PL, Uramaru N, Lin HY, Wong FF. Indium(III) chloride/silica gel catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyrrolo[3,4- d ]pyridines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Watanabe Y, Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Uramaru N, Sanoh S, Sugihara K, Kitamura S, Ohta S. Metabolism of UV-filter benzophenone-3 by rat and human liver microsomes and its effect on endocrine-disrupting activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:119-28. [PMID: 25528284 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; BP-3) is widely used as sunscreen for protection of human skin and hair from damage by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, we examined the metabolism of BP-3 by rat and human liver microsomes, and the estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities of the metabolites. When BP-3 was incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzophenone (2,4,5-triOH BP) and 3-hydroxylated BP-3 (3-OH BP-3) were newly identified as metabolites, together with previously detected metabolites 5-hydroxylated BP-3 (5-OH BP-3), a 4-desmethylated metabolite (2,4-diOH BP) and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (2,3,4-triOH BP). In studies with recombinant rat cytochrome P450, 3-OH BP-3 and 2,4,5-triOH BP were mainly formed by CYP1A1. BP-3 was also metabolized by human liver microsomes and CYP isoforms. In estrogen reporter (ER) assays using estrogen-responsive CHO cells, 2,4-diOH BP exhibited stronger estrogenic activity, 2,3,4-triOH BP exhibited similar activity, and 5-OH BP-3, 2,4,5-triOH BP and 3-OH BP-3 showed lower activity as compared to BP-3. Structural requirements for activity were investigated in a series of 14 BP-3 derivatives. When BP-3 was incubated with liver microsomes from untreated rats or phenobarbital-, 3-methylcholanthrene-, or acetone-treated rats in the presence of NADPH, estrogenic activity was increased. However, liver microsomes from dexamethasone-treated rats showed decreased estrogenic activity due to formation of inactive 5-OH BP-3 and reduced formation of active 2,4-diOH BP. Anti-androgenic activity of BP-3 was decreased after incubation with liver microsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Koshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang LY, Uramaru N, Wong FF. Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridine derivatives via Aza-Diels–Alder reaction: evaluation of torsion effect of pyrazoylimines. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Wong FF, Wang LY, Uramaru N, Chiang HH. Synthesis and structural identification of 5-amino-4-hydroxyiminopyrazoles and (E)-N1-aryl-3-aryl-4-[(substituted pyrazolyl)diazenyl] pyrazoles from 5-aminopyrazoles with ethyl nitrite or sodium nitrite. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
29
|
Okuda K, Ide R, Uramaru N, Hirota T. Polycyclic N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 84: Reaction of N-(pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amidines or N-(pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]furo[3,2- d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amidines with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Ryota Ide
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Takashi Hirota
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tange S, Fujimoto N, Uramaru N, Sugihara K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. In vitro metabolism of cis- and trans-permethrin by rat liver microsomes, and its effect on estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37:996-1005. [PMID: 24731973 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is a widely applied broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide that consists of a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers. We examined the changes of estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities resulting from metabolism of the isomers. Both cis- and trans-permethrin were hydrolyzed to 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (PBAlc) by rat liver microsomes, but the extent of hydrolysis of trans-permethrin was much greater than that of the cis-isomer. In the presence of NADPH, PBAlc was further transformed to 4'-hydroxylated PBAlc (4'-OH PBAlc), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBAld) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBAcid). cis-Permethrin, but not trans-permethrin, also afforded its 4'-hydroxylated derivative (4'-OH cis-permethrin). trans-Permethrin was an anti-androgen, but also showed weak estrogenic activity, while cis-permethrin was a weak estrogen and a weak anti-androgen. After incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, cis-permethrin but not trans-permethrin was metabolically activated for estrogenic activity. On the other hand, estrogenic activity of trans-permethrin was not changed, but its anti-androgenic activity was enhanced after incubation. 4'-OH PBAlc and PBAlc showed estrogenic activity, while PBAld and PBAlc showed anti-androgenic activity. PBAcid showed neither activity. 4'-OH cis-permethrin showed both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. Overall, our results indicate that permethrin is metabolically activated for estrogenic and anti-androgen activities, and the microsomal transformation of permethrin to 4'-OH cis-permethrin, 4'-OH PBAlc and PBAlc contributes to the both metabolic activations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tange
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Hirokoshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Uramaru N, Inoue T, Watanabe Y, Shigematsu H, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Structure-activity relationship of a series of 17 parabens and related compounds for histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells and skin allergic reaction in guinea pigs. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:83-90. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shimizu R, Yamaguchi M, Uramaru N, Kuroki H, Ohta S, Kitamura S, Sugihara K. Structure–activity relationships of 44 halogenated compounds for iodotyrosine deiodinase-inhibitory activity. Toxicology 2013; 314:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Nakamura N, Matsubara K, Sanoh S, Ohta S, Uramaru N, Kitamura S, Yamaguchi M, Sugihara K, Fujimoto N. Cell type-dependent agonist/antagonist activities of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
34
|
Watanabe Y, Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Uramaru N, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Comparative study on transcriptional activity of 17 parabens mediated by estrogen receptor α and β and androgen receptor. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Ozaki H, Sugihara K, Watanabe Y, Fujino C, Uramaru N, Sone T, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Comparative study of the hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by microsomes of various rat and human tissues. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:1064-72. [PMID: 23742084 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.802059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, as well as human liver and small-intestinal microsomes, was investigated and the structure-metabolic activity relationship was examined. Rat liver microsomes showed the highest activity toward parabens, followed by small-intestinal and lung microsomes. Butylparaben was most effectively hydrolyzed by the liver microsomes, which showed relatively low hydrolytic activity towards parabens with shorter and longer alkyl side chains. In contrast, small-intestinal microsomes exhibited relatively higher activity toward longer-side-chain parabens, and showed the highest activity towards heptylparaben. Rat lung and skin microsomes showed liver-type substrate specificity. Kidney and pancreas microsomes and plasma of rats showed small-intestinal-type substrate specificity. Liver and small-intestinal microsomal hydrolase activity was completely inhibited by bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate, and could be extracted with Triton X-100. Ces1e and Ces1d isoforms were identified as carboxylesterase isozymes catalyzing paraben hydrolysis by anion exchange column chromatography of Triton X-100 extract from liver microsomes. Ces1e and Ces1d expressed in COS cells exhibited significant hydrolase activities with the same substrate specificity pattern as that of liver microsomes. Small-intestinal carboxylesterase isozymes Ces2a and Ces2c expressed in COS cells showed the same substrate specificity as small-intestinal microsomes, being more active toward longer-alkyl-side-chain parabens. Human liver microsomes showed the highest hydrolytic activity toward methylparaben, while human small-intestinal microsomes showed a broadly similar substrate specificity to rat small-intestinal microsomes. Human CES1 and CES2 isozymes showed the same substrate specificity patterns as human liver and small-intestinal microsomes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ozaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University , Minami-ku, Hiroshima , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tanoue C, Sugihara K, Uramaru N, Tayama Y, Watanabe Y, Horie T, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Prediction of human metabolism of the sedative-hypnotic zaleplon using chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:956-62. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.788232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
37
|
Suzuki G, Tue NM, Malarvannan G, Sudaryanto A, Takahashi S, Tanabe S, Sakai SI, Brouwer A, Uramaru N, Kitamura S, Takigami H. Similarities in the endocrine-disrupting potencies of indoor dust and flame retardants by using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell-based reporter gene assays. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:2898-908. [PMID: 23398518 DOI: 10.1021/es304691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is a sink for many kinds of pollutants, including flame retardants (FRs), plasticizers, and their contaminants and degradation products. These pollutants can be migrated to indoor dust from household items such as televisions and computers. To reveal high-priority end points of and contaminant candidates in indoor dust, using CALUX reporter gene assays based on human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell lines, we evaluated and characterized the endocrine-disrupting potencies of crude extracts of indoor dust collected from Japan (n = 8), the United States (n = 21), Vietnam (n = 10), the Philippines (n = 17), and Indonesia (n = 10) and for 23 selected FRs. The CALUX reporter gene assays used were specific for compounds interacting with the human androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2). Indoor dust extracts were agonistic to ERα, GR, and PPARγ2 and antagonistic against AR, PR, GR, and PPARγ2. In comparison, a majority of FRs was agonistic to ERα and PPARγ2 only, and some FRs demonstrated receptor-specific antagonism against all tested nuclear receptors. Hierarchical clustering clearly indicated that agonism of ERα and antagonism of AR and PR were common, frequently detected end points for indoor dust and tested FRs. Given our previous results regarding the concentrations of FRs in indoor dust and in light of our current results, candidate contributors to these effects include not only internationally controlled brominated FRs but also alternatives such as some phosphorus-containing FRs. In the context of indoor pollution, high-frequency effects of FRs such as agonism of ERα and antagonism of AR and PR are candidate high-priority end points for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tanoue C, Sugihara K, Uramaru N, Watanabe Y, Tayama Y, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Strain Difference of Oxidative Metabolism of the Sedative-hypnotic Zaleplon by Aldehyde Oxidase and Cytochrome P450 In Vivo and In Vitro in Rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:269-73. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-nt-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Kamikyouden N, Sugihara K, Watanabe Y, Uramaru N, Murahashi T, Kuroyanagi M, Sanoh S, Ohta S, Kitamura S. 2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone: a novel majorin vitrometabolite of benzophenone-3 formed by rat and human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.742217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
40
|
Sanoh S, Horiguchi A, Sugihara K, Kotake Y, Tayama Y, Uramaru N, Ohshita H, Tateno C, Horie T, Kitamura S, Ohta S. Predictability of Metabolism of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Using Chimeric Mice with Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2267-72. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
41
|
Yao HT, Chang YW, Uramaru N, Watanabe Y, Kitamura S, Kuo YH, Lii CK, Yeh TK. Effects of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and plasma tolbutamide concentration in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 142:121-128. [PMID: 22564357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BT) is the dry powder derived from the aqueous extract of a mixture of 10 medicinal herbs. It is a traditional Chinese medicine being used for the treatment of various immune-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of BT on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and its effect on plasma concentrations of tolbutamide, a substrate of CYP2C, in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS EXP 1: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Rats were fed a control diet and a control diet containing 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) of BT, respectively, for eight weeks. The activities of the major CYP and Phase II conjugating enzymes in rat liver microsomes as well as the antioxidant system in rat liver were assessed. Exp 2: Male Wistar rats were fed a control diet or a control diet containing 2.5% of BT, respectively, for eight weeks. A single 20-mg/kg oral dose of tolbutamide was then administered to each rat. Plasma samples were collected from each rat at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8h after dosing. The concentrations of tolbutamide and glucose level in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) and enzymatic method, respectively. RESULTS Significant decrease in microsomal CYP2C-catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation in the liver of rats fed the BT diet was observed. Increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were also observed in the liver of rats fed the diet containing 2.5 and 5% of BT. Immunoblot analyses also showed decreases of CYP2C11 proteins in the liver of BT fed rats. In addition, rats fed the 2.5% BT diet for eight weeks had no effects on the disposition of tolbutamide and reduction of glucose level in plasma after orally administered of tolbutamide. CONCLUSIONS Rats fed the BT diet for eight weeks may decrease CYP2C enzyme activity and protein expression and increase Phase II conjugating enzyme activities in liver. However, BT may not affect the disposition and efficacy of tolbutamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hashimoto S, Yoshimura H, Okada K, Uramaru N, Sugihara K, Kitamura S, Imaoka S. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their derivatives on protein disulfide isomerase activity and growth hormone release of GH3 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:656-63. [PMID: 22201216 DOI: 10.1021/tx200374s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used in a variety of consumer products such as flame retardants and recently have been known to be widespread environmental pollutants, which probably affect biological functions of mammalian cells. However, the risk posed by PBDE metabolites has not been clarified. Our previous study suggested that bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, binds to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and inhibits its activity. PDI is an isomerase enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates the formation or cleavage of disulfide bonds. PDI consists of a, b, b', and a' domains and the c region, with the a and a' domains having isomerase active sites. In the present study, we tested the effects of 10 kinds of PBDE compounds and their metabolites on PDI. OH-PBDEs specifically inhibited the isomerase activity of PDI, with 4'-OH-PBDE more effective than 2' (or 2)-OH-PBDEs. 4'-OH-PBDE inhibited the isomerase activity of the b'a'c fragment but not that of ab and a'c, suggesting that the b' domain of PDI is essential for the inhibition by 4'-OH-PBDE. We also investigated the effects of these chemicals on the production of growth hormone (GH) in GH3 cells. In GH3 cells, levels of mRNA and protein of GH stimulated by T(3) were reduced by 4'-OH-PBDE and 4'-MeO-PBDE. The reduction in GH expression caused by these compounds was not changed by the overexpression or knockdown of PDI in GH3 cells, while these manipulations of PDI levels significantly suppressed the expression of GH. These results suggest that the biological effects of PBDEs differed depending on their brominated and hydroxylated positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Uramaru N, Shigematsu H, Toda A, Eyanagi R, Kitamura S, Ohta S. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Activity of Nonallergenic Pyrazolone-Type Antipyretic Analgesics. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8727-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101208x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Uramaru
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hidenari Shigematsu
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Akihisa Toda
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Reiko Eyanagi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Uramaru N, Sugihara K, Yoshida T, Kitamura S. Nuclear hormone receptor activity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites in transactivation assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:1210-8. [PMID: 19672399 PMCID: PMC2721863 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies are reporting the existence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated (HO) and methoxylated (MeO) metabolites in the environment and in tissues from wildlife and humans. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to characterize and compare the agonistic and antagonistic activities of principle PBDE congeners and their HO and MeO metabolites against human nuclear hormone receptors. METHODS We tested the hormone receptor activities of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), ERbeta, androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thyroid hormone receptor alpha(1) (TRalpha(1)), and TRbeta(1) against PBDE congeners BDEs 15, 28, 47, 85, 99, 100, 153, and 209, four para-HO-PBDEs, and four para-MeO-PBDEs by highly sensitive reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. RESULTS Of the 16 compounds tested, 6 and 2 showed agonistic activities in the ERalpha and ERbeta assays, respectively, and 6 and 6 showed antagonistic activities in these assays. 4'-HO-BDE-17 showed the most potent estrogenic activity via ERalpha/beta, and 4'-HO-BDE-49 showed the most potent anti estrogenic activity via ERalpha/beta. In the AR assay, 13 compounds showed antagonistic activity, with 4'-HO-BDE-17 in particular inhibiting AR-mediated transcriptional activity at low concentrations in the order of 10(-8) M. In the GR assay, seven compounds, including two HO-PBDEs and two MeO-PBDEs, showed weak antagonistic activity. In the TRalpha(1) and TRbeta(1) assays, only 4-HO-BDE-90 showed weak antagonistic activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that PBDEs and their metabolites might have multiple endocrine-disrupting effects via nuclear hormone receptors, and para-HO-PBDEs, in particular, possess more potent receptor activities compared with those of the parent PBDEs and corresponding para-MeO-PBDEs.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kitamura S, Shinohara S, Iwase E, Sugihara K, Uramaru N, Shigematsu H, Fujimoto N, Ohta S. Affinity for Thyroid Hormone and Estrogen Receptors of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Seiji Shinohara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Eri Iwase
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| |
Collapse
|