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Jacobson N, Weiber R. Possible delayed venlafaxine withdrawal reaction: two case reports. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 12:372-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/1997] [Accepted: 06/20/1997] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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2
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Jacobson N, Antony K, Stanic-Kostic A, Bazalakova M. Real-world evidence of improved pregnancy outcomes with pap therapy for gestational sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Tucholka JL, Jacobson N, Steffens NM, Schumacher JR, Tevaarwerk AJ, Anderson B, Wilke LG, Greenberg CC, Neuman HB. Breast cancer survivor's perspectives on the role different providers play in follow-up care. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2015-2022. [PMID: 29332175 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Significant variation in the number and types of oncologists that provide breast cancer follow-up exists. However, there is limited understanding regarding breast cancer survivors' preferences for who provides their follow-up. Our objective was to explore breast cancer survivors' perspectives on the goals of breast cancer follow-up, the preferred role for primary care providers, and the perceived roles of different types of oncologists during follow-up. METHODS A convenience sample of stage 0-III breast cancer survivors was identified and in-depth one-on-one interviews conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS Survivors cited a strong preference for oncology-based follow-up within the first 5 years after diagnosis, driven by their need for reassurance that cancer had not recurred. Survivors also thought that their primary care provider needed to be involved. Survivors assumed that oncology follow-up was directed by a standard protocol that included streamlining the follow-up team. Survivors recognized that patients with more complex cancers or challenging treatment courses may require more intensive follow-up and deviate from the standard protocol. Most survivors were comfortable deferring decisions regarding who participated in follow-up to the oncology team. CONCLUSIONS Most patients think a streamlined approach to oncology-based breast cancer follow-up already occurs, driven by a standard protocol. The use of a standard protocol to provide guidance for which types of oncology providers should participate in breast cancer follow-up will streamline care and represents a significant opportunity to reduce unnecessary variation. This approach is especially critical given patients' strong preferences for oncology-based follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tucholka
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Jacobson
- School of Nursing, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N M Steffens
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J R Schumacher
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A J Tevaarwerk
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/726 CSC, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B Anderson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L G Wilke
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/726 CSC, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
| | - C C Greenberg
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/726 CSC, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
| | - Heather B Neuman
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/726 CSC, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
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Lynch BA, Jones A, Biggs BK, Kaufman T, Cristiani V, Kumar S, Quigg S, Maxson J, Swenson L, Jacobson N. Implementing Child-focused Activity Meter Utilization into the Elementary School Classroom Setting Using a Collaborative Community-based Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 27042382 PMCID: PMC4816489 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0711.1000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of pediatric obesity has increased over the past 3 decades and is a pressing public health program. New technology advancements that can encourage more physical in children are needed. The Zamzee program is an activity meter linked to a motivational website designed for children 8–14 years of age. The objective of the study was to use a collaborative approach between a medical center, the private sector and local school staff to assess the feasibility of using the Zamzee Program in the school-based setting to improve physical activity levels in children. Methods This was a pilot 8-week observational study offered to all children in one fifth grade classroom. Body mass index (BMI), the amount of physical activity by 3-day recall survey, and satisfaction with usability of the Zamzee Program were measured pre- and post-study. Results Out of 11 children who enrolled in the study, 7 completed all study activities. In those who completed the study, the median (interquartile range) total activity time by survey increased by 17 (1042) minutes and the BMI percentile change was 0 (8). Both children and their caregivers found the Zamzee Activity Meter (6/7) and website (6/7) “very easy” or “easy” to use. Conclusion The Zamzee Program was found to be usable but did not significantly improve physical activity levels or BMI. Collaborative obesity intervention projects involving medical centers, the private sector and local schools are feasible but the effectiveness needs to be evaluated in larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Lynch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, USA
| | - A Jones
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, USA
| | - B K Biggs
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, USA
| | | | - V Cristiani
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, USA
| | - S Quigg
- Department of Family Medicine, USA
| | - J Maxson
- Department of Family Medicine, USA
| | - L Swenson
- Section of Patient Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Gould L, Abadir P, Brem H, Carter M, Conner-Kerr T, Davidson J, DiPietro L, Falanga V, Fife C, Gardner S, Grice E, Harmon J, Hazzard WR, High KP, Houghton P, Jacobson N, Kirsner RS, Kovacs EJ, Margolis D, McFarland Horne F, Reed MJ, Sullivan DH, Thom S, Tomic-Canic M, Walston J, Whitney JA, Williams J, Zieman S, Schmader K. Chronic wound repair and healing in older adults: current status and future research. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:427-38. [PMID: 25753048 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are more likely to have chronic wounds than younger people, and the effect of chronic wounds on quality of life is particularly profound in this population. Wound healing slows with age, but the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood. Most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models, but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions. The effect of age and accompanying multimorbidity on the effectiveness of existing and emerging treatment approaches for chronic wounds is also unknown, and older adults tend to be excluded from randomized clinical trials. Poorly defined outcomes and variables; lack of standardization in data collection; and variations in the definition, measurement, and treatment of wounds also hamper clinical studies. The Association of Specialty Professors, in conjunction with the National Institute on Aging and the Wound Healing Society, held a workshop, summarized in this article, to explore the current state of knowledge and research challenges, engage investigators across disciplines, and identify research questions to guide future study of age-associated changes in chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gould
- Wound Recovery and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Kent Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island
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Gould L, Abadir P, Brem H, Carter M, Conner-Kerr T, Davidson J, DiPietro L, Falanga V, Fife C, Gardner S, Grice E, Harmon J, Hazzard WR, High KP, Houghton P, Jacobson N, Kirsner RS, Kovacs EJ, Margolis D, McFarland Horne F, Reed MJ, Sullivan DH, Thom S, Tomic-Canic M, Walston J, Whitney J, Williams J, Zieman S, Schmader K. Chronic wound repair and healing in older adults: current status and future research. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:1-13. [PMID: 25486905 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic wounds is increased among older adults, and the impact of chronic wounds on quality of life is particularly profound in this population. It is well established that wound healing slows with age. However, the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood. Most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models, but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions. The impact of age and accompanying multi-morbidity on the effectiveness of existing and emerging treatment approaches for chronic wounds is also unknown, and older adults tend to be excluded from randomized clinical trials. Poorly defined outcomes and variables, lack of standardization in data collection, and variations in the definition, measurement, and treatment of wounds also hamper clinical studies. The Association of Specialty Professors, in conjunction with the National Institute on Aging and the Wound Healing Society, held a workshop, summarized in this paper, to explore the current state of knowledge and research challenges, engage investigators across disciplines, and identify key research questions to guide future study of age-associated changes in chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gould
- Wound Recovery and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Kent Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island
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Sharif NA, Katoli P, Kelly CR, Li L, Xu S, Wang Y, Klekar L, Earnest D, Yacoub S, Hamilton G, Jacobson N, Shepard AR, Ellis D. Trabecular Meshwork Bradykinin Receptors: mRNA Levels, Immunohistochemical Visualization, Signaling Processes Pharmacology, and Linkage to IOP Reduction. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:21-34. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najam A. Sharif
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Parvaneh Katoli
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Curtis R. Kelly
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Linya Li
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Shouxi Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Yu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Laura Klekar
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - David Earnest
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Shenouda Yacoub
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Gwenette Hamilton
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Nasreen Jacobson
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Allan R. Shepard
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. (A Novartis Company), Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorette Ellis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Systems College of Pharmacy, Fort Worth, Texas
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Shepard AR, Conrow RE, Pang IH, Jacobson N, Rezwan M, Rutschmann K, Auerbach D, SriRamaratnam R, Cornish VW. Identification of PDE6D as a molecular target of anecortave acetate via a methotrexate-anchored yeast three-hybrid screen. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:549-58. [PMID: 23301619 DOI: 10.1021/cb300296m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are ocular diseases targeted clinically by anecortave acetate (AA). AA and its deacetylated metabolite, anecortave desacetate (AdesA), are intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering and angiostatic cortisenes devoid of glucocorticoid activity but with an unknown mechanism of action. We used a methotrexate-anchored yeast three-hybrid (Y3H) technology to search for binding targets for AA in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, the target cell type that controls IOP, a major risk factor in glaucoma. Y3H hits were filtered by competitive Y3H screens and coimmunoprecipitation experiments and verified by surface plasmon resonance analysis to yield a single target, phosphodiesterase 6-delta (PDE6D). PDE6D is a prenyl-binding protein with additional function outside the PDE6 phototransduction system. Overexpression of PDE6D in mouse eyes caused elevated IOP, and this elevation was reversed by topical ocular application of either AA or AdesA. The identification of PDE6D as the molecular binding partner of AA provides insight into the role of this drug candidate in treating glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R. Shepard
- Alcon,
a Novartis Company, Fort Worth, Texas 76134, United States
| | | | - Iok-Hou Pang
- Alcon,
a Novartis Company, Fort Worth, Texas 76134, United States
| | - Nasreen Jacobson
- Alcon,
a Novartis Company, Fort Worth, Texas 76134, United States
| | | | | | | | - Rohitha SriRamaratnam
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Virginia W. Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
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Wagner AH, Anand VN, Wang WH, Chatterton JE, Sun D, Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Pang IH, Deluca AP, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Mullins RF, Braun TA, Clark AF. Exon-level expression profiling of ocular tissues. Exp Eye Res 2013; 111:105-11. [PMID: 23500522 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The normal gene expression profiles of the tissues in the eye are a valuable resource for considering genes likely to be involved with disease processes. We profiled gene expression in ten ocular tissues from human donor eyes using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays. Ten different tissues were obtained from six different individuals and RNA was pooled. The tissues included: retina, optic nerve head (ONH), optic nerve (ON), ciliary body (CB), trabecular meshwork (TM), sclera, lens, cornea, choroid/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and iris. Expression values were compared with publically available Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and RNA-sequencing resources. Known tissue-specific genes were examined and they demonstrated correspondence of expression with the representative ocular tissues. The estimated gene and exon level abundances are available online at the Ocular Tissue Database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H Wagner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, YALE UNIVERSITY
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11
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Shepard AR, Millar JC, Pang IH, Jacobson N, Wang WH, Clark AF. Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Active Human Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Elevates Intraocular Pressure and Reduces Outflow Facility in Rodent Eyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:2067-76. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iok-Hou Pang
- From Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | | | | | - Abbot F. Clark
- the Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Millar JC, Pang IH, Steely HT, Searby CC, Sheffield VC, Stone EM, Clark AF. Glaucoma-causing myocilin mutants require the Peroxisomal targeting signal-1 receptor (PTS1R) to elevate intraocular pressure. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:609-17. [PMID: 17317787 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of worldwide irreversible visual impairment and blindness and is a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of optic neuropathies. Specific mutations in the myocilin (MYOC) gene cause primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with varying age-of-onset and degree of severity. We show a mutation-dependent, gain-of-function association between human myocilin and the peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 receptor (PTS1R). There was correlation between the glaucoma phenotype and the specific MYOC mutations, with the more severe early-onset POAG mutations having a higher degree of association with PTS1R. Expression of human myocilin glaucomatous mutations in mouse eyes causes elevated intraocular pressure, which is a major phenotype of MYOC glaucoma. This is the first demonstration of a disease resulting from mutation-induced exposure of a cryptic signaling site that causes mislocalization of mutant protein to peroxisomes and the first disease-gene-based animal model of human POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Shepard
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA.
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14
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Hows JM, Passweg JR, Tichelli A, Locasciulli A, Szydlo R, Bacigalupo A, Jacobson N, Ljungman P, Cornish J, Nunn A, Bradley B, Socié G. Comparison of long-term outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from matched sibling and unrelated donors. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:799-805. [PMID: 17075568 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplants remain at risk of potentially fatal complications that detract from life quality. Long-term morbidity and mortality were compared between matched recipient cohorts surviving 2 or more years and defined by donor type, HLA matched sibling donor (MSD) or volunteer unrelated donor (URD). Patients were previously entered into the prospective multicenter International Unrelated Search and Transplant Study. Thirty-nine centers provided data on 108 URD and 355 MSD recipients surviving more than 2 years. Long-term survival, performance status, chronic GvHD (c-GvHD), secondary malignancy, endocrine dysfunction, cataracts, bone necrosis and dental pathology were compared between cohorts. Twelve year survival was 77+/-5% for the MSD and 67+/-11% for the URD cohort (P=0.1). Late death occurred in 105 of 463 recipients alive at 2 years, 73 after 355 (21%) MSD and 32 after 108 (30%) URD transplants, P=0.10. Of 105 deaths, the cause was relapse in 60 and unrelated to relapse in 45 cases. Cumulative incidence of extensive c-GvHD (P=0.002), cataracts (P=0.02) and bone necrosis (P=0.02) was higher after URD transplants. No long-term difference in endocrine dysfunction, secondary malignancy and major dental pathology was detected. This landmark study will assist physicians counseling patients pre-transplant and with their long-term care post transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hows
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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Fleenor DL, Shepard AR, Hellberg PE, Jacobson N, Pang IH, Clark AF. TGFbeta2-induced changes in human trabecular meshwork: implications for intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:226-34. [PMID: 16384967 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 levels are elevated in glaucomatous human aqueous humor. TGFbeta is a cytokine that alters extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and excess ECM has been proposed to increase aqueous outflow resistance in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucomatous eyes. This study was undertaken to investigate effects of TGFbeta2 on secretion of fibronectin and the protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 from human TM cell cultures and perfused human ocular anterior segments. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from pooled human TM cell monolayers and used for a gene microarray expression analysis. Supernatants from treated human TM cells were analyzed by ELISA for fibronectin or PAI-1 content. TGFbeta2 effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated in a perfused organ culture model using human anterior segments, and eluates were analyzed for fibronectin and PAI-1 content. RESULTS Overnight treatment of TM cells with TGFbeta2 upregulated multiple ECM-related genes, such as PAI-1. TGFbeta2 also increased secretion of both fibronectin and PAI-1 from TM cells. TGFbeta2 effects on TM cells were blocked by inhibitors of the TGFbeta type I receptor. In perfused human anterior segments, TGFbeta2 treatment elevated IOP and increased eluate fibronectin and PAI-1 content. CONCLUSIONS TGFbeta2 effects on IOP may be transduced by TGFbeta type-I receptor-mediated changes in TM secretion of ECM-related factors such as fibronectin and PAI-1. Modulation of TGFbeta2-induced changes in the ECM may provide a novel and viable approach to the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Fleenor
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, USA.
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Johansson A, Sambandamurthy G, Shahar D, Jacobson N, Tenne R. Nanowire acting as a superconducting quantum interference device. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:116805. [PMID: 16197031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the results from an experimental study of the magnetotransport of superconducting wires of amorphous indium-oxide having widths in the range 40-120 nm. We find that, below the superconducting transition temperature, the wires exhibit clear, reproducible, oscillations in their resistance as a function of magnetic field. The oscillations are reminiscent of those that underlie the operation of a superconducting quantum interference device.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johansson
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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17
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Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Clark AF. Importance of quantitative PCR primer location for short interfering RNA efficacy determination. Anal Biochem 2005; 344:287-8. [PMID: 16004954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Shepard
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA.
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Rydberg H, Dion M, Jacobson N, Schröder E, Hyldgaard P, Simak SI, Langreth DC, Lundqvist BI. Van der Waals density functional for layered structures. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:126402. [PMID: 14525379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To understand sparse systems, we must account for both strong local atom bonds and weak nonlocal van der Waals forces between atoms separated by empty space. A fully nonlocal functional form [Phys. Rev. B 62, 6997 (2000)]] of density-functional theory (DFT) is applied here to the layered systems graphite, boron nitride, and molybdenum sulfide to compute bond lengths, binding energies, and compressibilities. These key examples show that the DFT with the generalized-gradient approximation does not apply for calculating properties of sparse matter, while use of the fully nonlocal version appears to be one way to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rydberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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19
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Pang IH, Hellberg PE, Fleenor DL, Jacobson N, Clark AF. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:3485-93. [PMID: 12882798 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in trabecular meshwork (TM) extracellular matrix metabolism and have been shown to increase aqueous outflow facility. The purpose of this study was to characterize effects of cytokines, a phorbol ester, and prostanoids on the expression of MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 in cultured human TM cells. METHODS Five human TM cell strains were treated with selected compounds. Levels of proMMPs and TIMPs in cell media were quantified by ELISA. MMP-3 activity was assayed by casein zymography. RESULTS All human TM cell strains produced detectable basal amounts of proMMPs and TIMPs. 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate was effective in increasing the levels of proMMP-1, -3, and -9 and TIMP-1. Its effect on proMMP-1 was concentration-dependent with an EC(50) of 2 to 3 nM. Interleukin (IL)-1alpha did not affect levels of proMMP-1 and -2 or the TIMPs, but was most efficacious in increasing proMMP-3 production with an EC(50) of 0.5 ng/mL. The IL-1alpha-induced upregulation of proMMP-3 correlated with an increase in MMP-3 activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha activated proMMP-3 production in some but not all cell strains. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB was generally ineffective in modulating MMP and TIMP levels. Prostaglandins E(2) and F(2alpha) at 10 micro M did not affect levels of proMMP-1 or -3. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the different MMPs and TIMPs in human TM cells was independently regulated. Production of MMP-3 was maximally activated by IL-1alpha. The IL-1alpha-stimulated expression of MMP-3 provides a probable mechanism for IL-1alpha-enhanced aqueous outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iok-Hou Pang
- Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, USA.
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Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Sui R, Steely HT, Lotery AJ, Stone EM, Clark AF. Characterization of rabbit myocilin: Implications for human myocilin glycosylation and signal peptide usage. BMC Genet 2003; 4:5. [PMID: 12697062 PMCID: PMC156599 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding human myocilin (MYOC) have been shown to cause juvenile- and adult-onset glaucoma. In addition, myocilin has been associated with glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension and steroid-induced glaucoma. To better understand the role myocilin plays in steroid-induced glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, we examined rabbit myocilin for use in the rabbit animal model of steroid-induced glaucoma. RESULTS We have cloned the rabbit ortholog of human MYOC. Rabbit MYOC consists of three exons and an open reading frame encoding a 490 amino acid, 54,882-Da protein, which is 14 amino acids shorter at the N-terminus than human myocilin but 84% identical overall. Rabbit myocilin migrates as a single electrophoretic band, vs. double-banded human myocilin, by SDS-PAGE/immunoblot analysis. We determined that the differential migration exhibited is due to an N-glycosylation site that is present in human (Asn57), monkey and mouse myocilin but absent in rabbit (Ser43), rat and bovine myocilin. Rabbit myocilin is secreted in vitro in trabecular meshwork cell culture and in vivo in aqueous humor. Secretion of human myocilin is shown to be dependent on the signal peptide and independent of the extra 14 amino acids not found in rabbit myocilin. Many of the amino acids in myocilin that are mutated in glaucoma patients are conserved across species. CONCLUSION We have cloned the rabbit MYOC cDNA and determined that rabbit myocilin is secreted but not N-linked glycosylated. Knowledge of the rabbit MYOC cDNA sequence will facilitate future studies in the rabbit animal model examining the role of myocilin in steroid-induced glaucoma and the gain-of-function hypothesis in open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Shepard
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
| | - Nasreen Jacobson
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - H Thomas Steely
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Abbot F Clark
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Fingert JH, Stone EM, Sheffield VC, Clark AF. Delayed secondary glucocorticoid responsiveness of MYOC in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:3173-81. [PMID: 11726619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the glucocorticoid responsiveness of the glaucoma gene MYOC (myocilin/TIGR) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS MYOC expression in two independently derived human TM cell lines was quantified by Western immunoblot analysis of protein levels and quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA levels. Promoter activity was measured indirectly with the luciferase reporter gene in a dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Application of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) to cultured TM cells at 100 nM resulted in a delayed (8-16 hours) induction of myocilin. The concentration dependence (median effective concentration [EC(50)], approximately 10 nM) and reversal by the glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, implicates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an interesting observation, RU486 alone acted as a partial agonist to MYOC expression. Treatment of TM cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abolished the Dex induction, suggesting an indirect effect of the GR on MYOC expression. In addition, the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D also blocked Dex induction, indicating that the Dex effect was due to increased MYOC transcription. Analysis of up to 2700 nucleotides (nt) of the MYOC gene 5'-flanking region in luciferase reporter constructs showed no Dex induction, despite the presence of multiple putative glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-like half-sites in the MYOC promoter and the presence of an intact cellular GR-mediated signaling system. CONCLUSIONS MYOC is a delayed secondary glucocorticoid-responsive gene. Characterization of the transcription factors that mediate the secondary response will shed new light on the pathophysiology of steroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Shepard
- Glaucoma Research R2-41, Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134-2099, USA
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Bowers BJ, Fibich B, Jacobson N. Care-as-service, care-as-relating, care-as-comfort: understanding nursing home residents' definitions of quality. Gerontologist 2001; 41:539-45. [PMID: 11490052 DOI: 10.1093/geront/41.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored how nursing home residents define quality of care. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using grounded dimensional analysis. RESULTS Residents defined quality in three ways: (a) Care-as-service residents focused on instrumental aspects of care. They assessed quality using the parameters of efficiency, competence, and value. (b) Care-as-relating residents emphasized the affective aspects of care, defining quality as care that demonstrated friendship and allowed them to show reciprocity with their caregivers. (c) Care-as-comfort residents defined quality as care that allowed them to maintain their physical comfort, a state that required minute and often repetitive adjustments in response to their bodily cues. IMPLICATIONS Residents' perceptions of care quality have implications for long-term care practice. The integration of these perceptions into quality assurance instruments could improve the usefulness of tools designed to obtain resident input.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Bowers
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K6/328 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Clark AF, Steely HT, Dickerson JE, English-Wright S, Stropki K, McCartney MD, Jacobson N, Shepard AR, Clark JI, Matsushima H, Peskind ER, Leverenz JB, Wilkinson CW, Swiderski RE, Fingert JH, Sheffield VC, Stone EM. Glucocorticoid induction of the glaucoma gene MYOC in human and monkey trabecular meshwork cells and tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1769-80. [PMID: 11431441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the intracellular and extracellular expression of myocilin in the human and primate trabecular meshwork (TM) in the presence and absence of glucocorticoids. METHODS Myocilin expression was examined in cultured human TM cells by Northern blot analysis and myocilin antibody-mediated immunoprecipitation. Myocilin expression was quantified using high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled proteins from human TM cells, TM tissue explants, and perfused human anterior segments cultured with and without dexamethasone (DEX) for 14 to 21 days, as well as TM tissue from pigtailed monkeys treated orally for 1 year with cortisone acetate. Immunofluorescence with anti-myocilin antibodies was used to localize cellular and extracellular expression of myocilin in cultured human TM cells. RESULTS Glucocorticoid treatment caused a significant induction of myocilin mRNA, a tetrad of cell-associated proteins, and 8 to 20 secreted proteins (molecular mass [M(r)] 56 and 59 kDa and isoelectric point [pI] 5.2 and 5.3) in some, but not all the cultured human TM cells and explanted tissues. Western immunoblot analysis using anti-myocilin peptide antibodies identified these proteins as encoded by the MYOC gene. There was significant induction of the myocilin proteins in three perfusion-cultured human eyes, in which DEX-induced elevated intraocular pressure developed. Monkeys treated 1 year with cortisol acetate showed steroid glaucoma-like morphologic changes in the TM that correlated with the induction of myocilin in the TM. Immunofluorescence analysis of cultured TM cells localized myocilin intracellularly in discrete perinuclear and cytoplasmic vesicular deposits as well as extracellularly on the cell surface associated with the extracellular matrix. In several DEX-treated TM cell lines, there were significant levels of myocilin secreted into the media. Enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in the TM media converted the higher molecular weight isoforms of myocilin (approximately 57 kDa) to the lower molecular weight isoforms ( approximately 55 kDa). CONCLUSIONS Although the function of myocilin is unknown, induction of these TM proteins was found in eyes in which glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension developed. Therefore, myocilin may play an important pathogenic role in ocular hypertension in addition to its role in certain forms of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Clark
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas 76135, USA.
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Wang WH, McNatt LG, Shepard AR, Jacobson N, Nishimura DY, Stone EM, Sheffield VC, Clark AF. Optimal procedure for extracting RNA from human ocular tissues and expression profiling of the congenital glaucoma gene FOXC1 using quantitative RT-PCR. Mol Vis 2001; 7:89-94. [PMID: 11320352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop methods for obtaining high quality RNA from human donor eyes and to determine the expression profile of the congenital glaucoma gene FOXC1 in human ocular tissues. METHODS To obtain high quality RNA from donor eyes, several different preservation methods were tested including storing eyes on ice, freezing eyes, and placing eyes in the commercial fixative RNAlaterTM prior to dissection and RNA extraction. Nine different ocular tissues from human donors were dissected and examined. Pigment-free total RNA was isolated and used for quantitative real-time RT-PCR using FOXC1 and GAPDH (internal standard) primers to assess the quality and expression of FOXC1. RESULTS An expression profile of FOXC1 in human ocular tissues was determined using quantitative PCR of RNA isolated using a simple and effective procedure for ocular tissue preservation and pigment-free RNA isolation. Higher quality RNA was obtained from human donor eyes preserved in RNAlaterTM compared to RNA extracted from eyes stored on ice or frozen at -80 degrees C. RNA extraction techniques that removed interfering pigment from ocular tissues produced RNA that could be easily amplified by PCR. In the adult human eye, expression of FOXC1 was greatest in the trabecular meshwork (TM) followed by the optic nerve head, choroid/RPE, ciliary body, cornea, and iris. FOXC1 expression levels were much lower in other non-ocular human tissues, such as liver, muscle, lung, heart, and kidney. CONCLUSIONS Using an optimized donor eye preservation method and tissue RNA isolation procedure, we show that the FOXC1 transcription factor gene, which is known to be associated with developmental glaucoma, also may have an important role in the adult eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wang
- Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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Abstract
This paper describes a conceptual model of recovery from mental illness developed to aid the state of Wisconsin in moving toward its goal of developing a "recovery-oriented" mental health system. In the model, recovery refers to both internal conditions experienced by persons who describe themselves as being in recovery--hope, healing, empowerment, and connection--and external conditions that facilitate recovery--implementation of the principle of human rights, a positive culture of healing, and recovery-oriented services. The aim of the model is to link the abstract concepts that define recovery with specific strategies that systems, agencies, and individuals can use to facilitate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin School of Nursing, Madison, 53792, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to better understand the ways in which conditions of work, including staffing, affect how nurses in long-term care (LTC) facilities do their jobs and the quality of care they provide. BACKGROUND The research reported here was performed in the context of public policy debates about the relationship between staffing levels and quality in LTC. METHODS In 1995 and 1996, interviews and participant observation were used to examine how 18 licensed nurses employed in two LTC facilities in the midwestern United States experience their day-to-day work. RESULTS Time was an extremely salient work condition for the nurses interviewed. Under conditions of too little time and many interruptions, nurses compensated by developing strategies to keep up or catch up. These strategies included minimizing the time spent doing required tasks, creating new time and redefining work responsibilities. Although these strategies allowed nurses to complete the tasks for which they were accountable, there were adverse consequences for nurses and residents. Nurses realized that time demands often made it impossible to provide care of high quality. They expressed their ideas about quality care as the notion of 'should do' work. In effect, time pressures forced them to forego the 'should do' work to complete the 'must do' work. CONCLUSION Increased staffing could improve the quality of care in LTC facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Bowers
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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Jacobson N, Andrews M, Shepard AR, Nishimura D, Searby C, Fingert JH, Hageman G, Mullins R, Davidson BL, Kwon YH, Alward WL, Stone EM, Clark AF, Sheffield VC. Non-secretion of mutant proteins of the glaucoma gene myocilin in cultured trabecular meshwork cells and in aqueous humor. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:117-25. [PMID: 11152659 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, very little was known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mutations in the glaucoma gene myocilin (MYOC, GLC1A) are associated with elevated intraocular pressure and the development of autosomal dominant juvenile glaucoma and a subset of adult-onset glaucoma. MYOC is expressed in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a tissue responsible for drainage of aqueous humor from the eye, and the tissue involved in elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma. To better understand the role of MYOC in glaucoma pathogenesis, we examined the expression of normal and mutant myocilin in cultured ocular (TM) and non-ocular cells as well as in the aqueous humor of patients with and without MYOC glaucoma. Normal myocilin was secreted from cultured cells, but very little to no myocilin was secreted from cells expressing five different mutant forms of MYOC. In addition, no mutant myocilin was detected in the aqueous humor of patients harboring a nonsense MYOC mutation (Q368X). Co-transfection of cultured cells with normal and mutant myocilin led to suppression of normal myocilin secretion. These studies suggest that MYOC glaucoma is due either to insufficient levels of secreted myocilin or to compromised TM cell function caused by congestion of the TM secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research Ltd, 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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Abstract
This paper applies the technique of dimensional analysis to recovery narratives in order to examine the uniqueness of the recovery process. It finds that there are four central dimensions involved in recovery: self, others, the system, and the problem. The recovery process is made up of component processes that correspond to these dimensions: recognizing the problem, transforming the self, reconciling the system, and reaching out to others. The paper concludes by suggesting how understanding these dimensions and processes may aid practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, K6/316 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
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Bowers BJ, Esmond S, Jacobson N. The relationship between staffing and quality in long-term care facilities: exploring the views of nurse aides. J Nurs Care Qual 2000; 14:55-64; quiz 73-5. [PMID: 10881450 DOI: 10.1097/00001786-200007000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on staffing and quality of care in long-term care facilities confirms that adequate staffing levels are important to ensuring quality but few studies have examined how the two are linked. The research reported in this article used participant observation and indepth interviewing to explore how nurse aides (NAs) understand the link between staffing and quality. The findings show that NAs deem their relationships with residents to be the central determinant of quality of care as well as an important outcome in itself. Adequate staffing is essential to allowing NAs to nurture these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Bowers
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Abstract
When silicone gel breast implants became the subject of a public health controversy in the early 1990s, the most pressing concern was safety. This paper looks at another, less publicized issue: the need for implants. Using a symbolic interactionist approach, the author explores the social construction of the need for implants by tracing the history of the 3 surgical procedures for which implants were used. Stakeholders in this history constructed need as legitimized individual desire, the form of which shifted with changes in the technological and social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Mental Health Services Research Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792, USA
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Ensminger ME, Lamkin RP, Jacobson N. School leaving: a longitudinal perspective including neighborhood effects. Child Dev 1996; 67:2400-16. [PMID: 9022247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using 1970 and 1980 census data from 202 tracts in the Chicago metropolitan region, we examine whether neighborhoods influence the likelihood of high school graduation for a cohort of African-American children followed from 1966 to 1993. Neighborhood-level variables included percent living below poverty and percent in white collar occupations. We test for the possible direct, indirect, and interactive effects of these neighborhood indicators on the likelihood of school dropout. Our examination found the advantage of living in a neighborhood characterized by a high percentage of residents who work in white-collar occupations. Male adolescents who lived in a middle-class neighborhood were more likely to graduate from high school, even with family background, early school performance, adolescent family supervision, and adolescent marijuana use controlled. These findings are consistent with findings from three other studies. However, living in a poverty census tract did not seem to influence the likelihood of high school graduation or school leaving over and above the impact of family and individual characteristics. There also were no neighborhood effects for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ensminger
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Stewart MK, Stanton CK, Festin M, Jacobson N. Issues in measuring maternal morbidity: lessons from the Philippines Safe Motherhood Survey Project. Stud Fam Plann 1996; 27:29-35. [PMID: 8677521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This report explores the limitations of survey research for obtaining population-based data to define the magnitude of maternal morbidity in settings that lack a well-developed infrastructure to support women's health requirements. The experience gained in the Philippines Safe Motherhood Survey Project is described. The drawbacks and benefits of the preliminary validation and qualitative phase of research conducted to develop the questionnaire are presented. The survey results indicate that interview-based diagnosis, although it implies the commitment of considerable resources, may be the only way to obtain an idea of the prevalence of some kinds of maternal morbidity in a given population, information necessary to the improvement of obstetric care and women's overall health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Stewart
- Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, Macro International, Inc., Calverton, MD 20705, USA
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Wilson R, Perlmutter N, Jacobson N, Siemienczuk D, Szlachcic J, Bristow JD, Cheitlin M, Massie B, Greenberg B. Effects of long-term vasodilator therapy on electrocardiographic abnormalities in chronic aortic regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:935-9. [PMID: 1927953 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90412-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrocardiographic abnormalities develop in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). Although vasodilator drugs may reduce left ventricular (LV) volume overload, the effects of such therapy on electrocardiographic abnormalities have not been previously evaluated. Accordingly, electrocardiograms were analyzed before and after double-blind, randomized administration of either hydralazine or placebo in 54 patients with chronic AR. These patients were without limiting symptoms and had preserved ejection fraction on entry in the study. The magnitude of ST-segment depression and Romhilt-Estes point score for LV hypertrophy were assessed. Baseline ST depression and LV hypertrophy scores in the placebo and hydralazine groups were not significantly different. At follow-up, after a mean of 19 +/- 6 months, there was a significant reduction in ST depression in patients taking hydralazine (n = 28) compared with patients given placebo (n = 26): -0.023 +/- 0.044 vs 0.029 +/- 0.055 mV, respectively (p = 0.0001); and in the LV hypertrophy score (-1.1 +/- 2.2 vs 0.9 +/- 2.3 points, respectively; p = 0.002). Hydralazine-treated patients also had significant decreases in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes, and a significant increase in ejection fraction. These results suggest that such vasodilator therapy may be beneficial in patients with chronic AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098
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Maksem J, Jacobson N, Neiderhiser DH. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced gastric injury and ulceration in the guinea pig. Am J Pathol 1984; 115:288-95. [PMID: 6720871 PMCID: PMC1900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) on the guinea pig stomach was studied. At concentrations observed in gastric secretions of gastric ulcer patients (1 to 2 mM), lysoPC induced both functional and morphologic changes in the gastric mucosa. Two millimolar lysoPC caused back diffusion of H+ and forward diffusion of Na+, indicating impairment of the gastric mucosal barrier. In the lysoPC-treated stomachs, an increase was observed in 1) the number of mucosal erosions, 2) the intensity of inflammation, and 3) the degree of vascular congestion. Microvascular plugging by platelets, vascular stasis, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte margination were dose-responsive to lysoPC. Pretreatment of animals with aspirin (20 mg/kg) did not alter injury. These results indicate a role of lysoPC reflux in gastric mucosal injury, including mucosal erosions and ulcerations.
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Abrahm J, Mullen JL, Jacobson N, Polomano R. Continuous central venous access in patients with acute leukemia. Cancer Treat Rep 1979; 63:2099-100. [PMID: 526945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pratt JG, Stevenson I, Roll WG, Blom JG, Meinsma GL, Keil HH, Jacobson N. Identification of concealed randomized objects through acquired response habits of stimulus and word association. Nature 1968; 220:89-91. [PMID: 5677457 DOI: 10.1038/220089a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
It probably goes without dispute at the present time that the precise content of a schizophrenic's thought, like that of anyone else, is derived from experience. Even the remarkable mélange of Schreber's memoirs could in large part be traced to his childhood experiences (Niederland, 1959). There is generally little doubt that the exact form and the course may be determined by age and experience; the effects of genetically determined intellectual endowment are uncertain (Elsässer, 1952; Rosenthal, 1963). The very occurrence of schizophrenia as a clinical phenomenon challenges the investigator, and there are many who question whether experience alone could result in schizophrenia in any and all human beings. They ask rather to what extent and by what mechanisms is the occurrence of schizophrenia determined by genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, YALE UNIVERSITY
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, YALE UNIVERSITY
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Department of Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Chicago
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Department of Mathematics, Bryn Mawr College
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Princeton University and Bryn Mawr College
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Jacobson N. END RESULTS FOLLOWING OPERATIONS FOR CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST.*. Ann Surg 1907; 46:43-50. [PMID: 17861998 PMCID: PMC1414351 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-190707000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jacobson N. TOXIC NEPHRITIS DEPENDENT UPON SURGICAL CONDITIONS.*. Ann Surg 1907; 45:891-904. [PMID: 17861982 PMCID: PMC1414315 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-190706000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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