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Susen RM, Bauer R, Olesch C, Fuhrmann DC, Fink AF, Dehne N, Jain A, Ebersberger I, Schmid T, Brüne B. Macrophage HIF-2α regulates tumor-suppressive Spint1 in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2127-2138. [PMID: 31436357 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) commonly accumulate within hypoxic areas. Adaptations to such environments evoke transcriptional changes by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While HIF-1α is ubiquitously expressed, HIF-2α appears tissue-specific with consequences of HIF-2α expression in TAMs only being poorly characterized. An E0771 allograft breast tumor model revealed faster tumor growth in myeloid HIF-2α knockout (HIF-2αLysM-/- ) compared with wildtype (wt) mice. In an RNA-sequencing approach of FACS sorted wt and HIF-2α LysM-/- TAMs, serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type-1 ( Spint1) emerged as a promising candidate for HIF-2α-dependent regulation. We validated reduced Spint1 messenger RNA expression and concomitant Spint1 protein secretion under hypoxia in HIF-2α-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) compared with wt BMDMs. In line with the physiological function of Spint1 as an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, supernatants of hypoxic HIF-2α knockout BMDMs, not containing Spint1, were able to release proliferative properties of inactive pro-HGF on breast tumor cells. In contrast, hypoxic wt BMDM supernatants containing abundant Spint1 amounts failed to do so. We propose that Spint1 contributes to the tumor-suppressive function of HIF-2α in TAMs in breast tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Susen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annika F Fink
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arpit Jain
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Fuhrmann DC, Wittig I, Dröse S, Schmid T, Dehne N, Brüne B. Degradation of the mitochondrial complex I assembly factor TMEM126B under chronic hypoxia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3051-3067. [PMID: 29464284 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell stress such as hypoxia elicits adaptive responses, also on the level of mitochondria, and in part is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α. Adaptation of mitochondria towards acute hypoxic conditions is reasonably well understood, while regulatory mechanisms, especially of respiratory chain assembly factors, under chronic hypoxia remains elusive. One of these assembly factors is transmembrane protein 126B (TMEM126B). This protein is part of the mitochondrial complex I assembly machinery. We identified changes in complex I abundance under chronic hypoxia, in association with impaired substrate-specific mitochondrial respiration. Complexome profiling of isolated mitochondria of the human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 revealed HIF-1α-dependent deficits in complex I assembly and mitochondrial complex I assembly complex (MCIA) abundance. Of all mitochondrial MCIA members, we proved a selective HIF-1-dependent decrease of TMEM126B under chronic hypoxia. Mechanistically, HIF-1α induces the E3-ubiquitin ligase F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A (β-TrCP1), which in turn facilitates the proteolytic degradation of TMEM126B. Attenuating a functional complex I assembly appears critical for cellular adaptation towards chronic hypoxia and is linked to destruction of the mitochondrial assembly factor TMEM126B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Weigert A, von Knethen A, Fuhrmann D, Dehne N, Brüne B. Redox-signals and macrophage biology. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:70-87. [PMID: 29329794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are known for their versatile role in biology. They sense and clear structures that contain exogenous or endogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This process is tightly linked to the production of a mixture of potentially harmful oxidants and cytokines. Their inherent destructive behavior is directed against foreign material or structures of 'altered self', which explains the role of macrophages during innate immune reactions and inflammation. However, there is also another side of macrophages when they turn into a tissue regenerative, pro-resolving, and healing phenotype. Phenotype changes of macrophages are termed macrophage polarization, representing a continuum between classical and alternative activation. Macrophages as the dominating producers of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are not only prone to oxidative modifications but also to more subtle signaling properties of redox-active molecules conveying redox regulation. We review basic concepts of the enzymatic nitric oxide and superoxide production within macrophages, refer to their unique chemical reactions and outline biological consequences not only for macrophage biology but also for their communication with cells in the microenvironment. These considerations link hypoxia to the NO system, addressing feedforward as well as feedback circuits. Moreover, we summarize the role of redox-signaling affecting epigenetics and reflect the central role of mitochondrial-derived oxygen species in inflammation. To better understand the diverse functions of macrophages during initiation as well as resolution of inflammation and to decode their versatile roles during innate and adaptive immunity with the entire spectrum of cell protective towards cell destructive activities we need to appreciate the signaling properties of redox-active species. Herein we discuss macrophage responses in terms of nitric oxide and superoxide formation with the modulating impact of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, IME, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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4
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Henke N, Ferreirós N, Geisslinger G, Ding MG, Essler S, Fuhrmann DC, Geis T, Namgaladze D, Dehne N, Brüne B. Loss of HIF-1α in macrophages attenuates AhR/ARNT-mediated tumorigenesis in a PAH-driven tumor model. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25915-29. [PMID: 27015123 PMCID: PMC5041954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and macrophage infiltration of solid tumors independently promote tumor progression. As little is known how myeloid HIF affects tumor development, we injected the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and procarcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA; 100 μg/100 μl) subcutaneously into myeloid-specific Hif-1α and Hif-2α knockout mice (C57BL/6J) to induce fibrosarcomas (n = 16). Deletion of Hif-1α but not Hif-2α in macrophages diminished tumor outgrowth in the MCA-model. While analysis of the tumor initiation phase showed comparable inflammation after MCA-injection, metabolism of MCA was impaired in the absence of Hif-1α. An ex vivo macrophage/fibroblast coculture recapitulated reduced DNA damage after MCA-stimulation in fibroblasts of cocultures with Hif-1αLysM−/− macrophages compared to wild type macrophages. A loss of myeloid Hif-1α decreased RNA levels of arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) targets such as Cyp1a1 because of reduced Arnt but unchanged Ahr expression. Cocultures using Hif-1αLysM−/− macrophages stimulated with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA; 2 μg/ml) also attenuated a DNA damage response in fibroblasts, while the DNA damage-inducing metabolite DMBA-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol remained effective in the absence of Hif-1α. In chemical-induced carcinogenesis, HIF-1α in macrophages maintains ARNT expression to facilitate PAH-biotransformation. This implies a metabolic activation of PAHs in stromal cells, i.e. myeloid-derived cells, to be crucial for tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henke
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martina G Ding
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Essler
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Theresa Geis
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Kunz K, Wagner K, Mendler L, Hölper S, Dehne N, Müller S. SUMO Signaling by Hypoxic Inactivation of SUMO-Specific Isopeptidases. Cell Rep 2017; 16:3075-3086. [PMID: 27626674 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin-like SUMO modifiers is a tightly regulated and highly dynamic process. The SENP family of SUMO-specific isopeptidases comprises six cysteine proteases. They are instrumental in counterbalancing SUMO conjugation, but their regulation is not well understood. We demonstrate that in hypoxic cell extracts, the catalytic activity of SENP family members, in particular SENP1 and SENP3, is inhibited in a rapid and fully reversible process. Comparative mass spectrometry from normoxic and hypoxic cells defines a subset of hypoxia-induced SUMO1 targets, including SUMO ligases RanBP2 and PIAS2, glucose transporter 1, and transcriptional regulators. Among the most strongly induced targets, we identified the transcriptional co-repressor BHLHE40, which controls hypoxic gene expression programs. We provide evidence that SUMOylation of BHLHE40 is reversed by SENP1 and contributes to transcriptional repression of the metabolic master regulator gene PGC-1α. We propose a pathway that connects oxygen-controlled SENP activity to hypoxic reprogramming of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kunz
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luca Mendler
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Soraya Hölper
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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6
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Brauß TF, Winslow S, Lampe S, Scholz A, Weigert A, Dehne N, von Stedingk K, Schmid T, Brüne B. The RNA-binding protein HuR inhibits expression of CCL5 and limits recruitment of macrophages into tumors. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2620-2629. [PMID: 28731284 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuR promotes tumor growth by affecting proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Although immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophages, are critical components of the tumor stroma, the influence of HuR in tumors on the recruitment of immune cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we, therefore, aimed to elucidate the impact of tumor cell HuR on the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages. To this end, we stably depleted HuR in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that HuR-deficient cells not only showed reduced proliferation, they further expressed elevated levels of the chemokine CCL5. HuR-dependent repression of CCL5 was neither caused by altered CCL5 mRNA stability, nor by changes in CCL5 translation. Instead, loss of HuR augmented transcription of CCL5, which was mediated via an interferon-stimulated response element in the CCL5 promoter. Furthermore, HuR depletion enhanced macrophage recruitment into MCF-7 tumor spheroids, an effect which was completely lost upon neutralization of CCL5. HuR expression further negatively correlated with CCL5 expression and macrophage appearance in a cohort of breast tumors. Thus, while HuR is well-characterized to support various pro-tumorigenic features in tumor cells, we provide evidence that it limits the recruitment of macrophages into tumors by repressing CCL5. As macrophage infiltration is associated with poor prognosis, our findings underline the highly cell-type and context specific role of HuR in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo F Brauß
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lampe
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Leukocytes and especially macrophages are a major cellular constituent of the tumor mass. The tumor microenvironment not only determines their activity but in turn these cells also contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Recent Advances: Proinflammatory stimulated macrophages upregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and produce high steady-state NO concentrations. NO provokes tumor cell death by initiating apoptosis and/or necrosis. Mechanisms may comprise p53 accumulation, immunestimulatory activities, and an increased efficacy of chemo- and/or radiotherapy. However, the potential cytotoxic activity of macrophages often is compromised in the tumor microenvironment and instead a protumor activity of macrophages dominates. Contributing factors are signals generated by viable and dying tumor cells, attraction and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and hypoxia. Limited oxygen availability not only attenuates NOS2 activity but also causes accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 (HIF-1/HIF-2). Activation of the HIF system is tightly linked to NO formation and affects the expression of macrophage phenotype markers that in turn add to tumor progression. CRITICAL ISSUES To make use of the cytotoxic arsenal of activated macrophages directed against tumor cells, it will be critical to understand how, when, and where these innate immune responses are blocked and whether it will be possible to reinstall their full capacity to kill tumor cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Low-dose irradiation or proinflammatory activation of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment may open options to boost NOS2 expression and activity and to initiate immunestimulatory features of NO that may help to restrict tumor growth. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1023-1043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Courtial
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahzad N Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Schatz V, Strüssmann Y, Mahnke A, Schley G, Waldner M, Ritter U, Wild J, Willam C, Dehne N, Brüne B, McNiff JM, Colegio OR, Bogdan C, Jantsch J. Myeloid Cell-Derived HIF-1α Promotes Control of Leishmania major. J Immunol 2016; 197:4034-4041. [PMID: 27798163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which accumulates in mammalian host organisms during infection, supports the defense against microbial pathogens. However, whether and to what extent HIF-1α expressed by myeloid cells contributes to the innate immune response against Leishmania major parasites is unknown. We observed that Leishmania-infected humans and L. major-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantial amounts of HIF-1α in acute cutaneous lesions. In vitro, HIF-1α was required for leishmanicidal activity and high-level NO production by IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages. Mice deficient for HIF-1α in their myeloid cell compartment had a more severe clinical course of infection and increased parasite burden in the skin lesions compared with wild-type controls. These findings were paralleled by reduced expression of type 2 NO synthase by lesional CD11b+ cells. Together, these data illustrate that HIF-1α is required for optimal innate leishmanicidal immune responses and, thereby, contributes to the cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Strüssmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mahnke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wild
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Oscar R Colegio
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Dehne N, Brüne B. Hypoxic inhibition of JMJD3 reduces H3K27me3 demethylation and induction of the STAT6 target gene CCL18. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1859:1490-1501. [PMID: 27737800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, by activating transcription factors induces transcription of some genes but it also reduces mRNA synthesis by mechanisms that are poorly defined. Activation of human macrophages with interleukin (IL)-4 showed that up-regulation of some IL-4 target genes was reduced when macrophages were incubated at 1% oxygen. Hypoxia impaired induction of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), although IL-4-induced DNA binding of the transcription factor STAT6 remained intact. In contrast, induction of serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type (SPINT)2, another IL-4/STAT6 target gene, was not affected by hypoxia. The repressive histone mark histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), known to prevent chromatin remodelling and transcription, was removed from the SPINT2 but not the CCL18 gene locus under hypoxia or dimethyloxalylglycine-treatment. The H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3 was required for CCL18 gene induction but dispensable for induction of SPINT2. Our data indicate that hypoxic inhibition of JMJD3 activity reduces demethylation of H3K27me3, nucleosome removal, and hence induction of the STAT6 target gene CCL18, while induction of other STAT6-inducible genes such as SPINT2 remained unaffected by JMJD3. In contrast to mouse MΦ in human cells JMJD3 is not recruited by transcription factors like IRF4, KL4, or PPARγ to convey specificity in gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Snodgrass RG, Boß M, Zezina E, Weigert A, Dehne N, Fleming I, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Hypoxia Potentiates Palmitate-induced Pro-inflammatory Activation of Primary Human Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:413-24. [PMID: 26578520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype in ATMs. However, our understanding of how hypoxia modulates the response of ATMs to free fatty acids within obese adipose tissue is limited. We examined the effects of hypoxia (1% O2) on the pro-inflammatory responses of human monocyte-derived macrophages to the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Compared with normoxia, hypoxia significantly increased palmitate-induced mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β. Although palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor κB pathway activation were not enhanced by hypoxia, hypoxia increased the activation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in palmitate-treated cells. Inhibition of JNK blocked the hypoxic induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, whereas knockdown of hypoxia-induced transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α alone or in combination failed to reduce IL-6 and only modestly reduced IL-1β gene expression in palmitate-treated hypoxic macrophages. Enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and JNK activity under hypoxia were prevented by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, silencing of dual-specificity phosphatase 16 increased normoxic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and reduced the hypoxic potentiation in palmitate-treated macrophages. The secretome of hypoxic palmitate-treated macrophages promoted IL-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 expression in primary human adipocytes, which was sensitive to macrophage JNK inhibition. Our results reveal that the coexistence of hypoxia along with free fatty acids exacerbates macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Boß
- From the Institute of Biochemistry I and
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Namgaladze D, Snodgrass RG, Angioni C, Grossmann N, Dehne N, Geisslinger G, Brüne B. AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase expression in interleukin 4-polarized human macrophages. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24484-94. [PMID: 26276392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to the Th2 cytokine IL-4 with elevated expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Although IL-4 signaling elicits anti-inflammatory responses, 15-lipoxygenase may either support or inhibit inflammatory processes in a context-dependent manner. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor/regulator that supports an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. How AMPK activation is linked to IL-4-elicited gene signatures remains unexplored. Using primary human macrophages stimulated with IL-4, we observed elevated ALOX15 mRNA and protein expression, which was attenuated by AMPK activation. AMPK activators, e.g. phenformin and aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside inhibited IL-4-evoked activation of STAT3 while leaving activation of STAT6 and induction of typical IL-4-responsive genes intact. In addition, phenformin prevented IL-4-induced association of STAT6 and Lys-9 acetylation of histone H3 at the ALOX15 promoter. Activating AMPK abolished cellular production of 15-lipoxygenase arachidonic acid metabolites in IL-4-stimulated macrophages, which was mimicked by ALOX15 knockdown. Finally, pretreatment of macrophages with IL-4 for 48 h increased the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, CXCL9, and CXCL10 induced by subsequent stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. This response was attenuated by inhibition of ALOX15 or activation of AMPK during incubation with IL-4. In conclusion, limiting ALOX15 expression by AMPK may promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype of IL-4-stimulated human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Grossmann
- From the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine and
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- From the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine and
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- From the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine and
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12
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Cui W, Zhou J, Dehne N, Brüne B. Hypoxia induces calpain activity and degrades SMAD2 to attenuate TGFβ signaling in macrophages. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:36. [PMID: 26146544 PMCID: PMC4491253 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under inflammatory conditions or during tumor progression macrophages acquire distinct phenotypes, with factors of the microenvironment such as hypoxia and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) shaping their functional plasticity. TGFβ is among the factors causing alternative macrophage activation, which contributes to tissue regeneration and thus, resolution of inflammation but may also provoke tumor progression. However, the signal crosstalk between TGFβ and hypoxia is ill defined. Results Exposing human primary macrophages to TGFβ elicited a rapid SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation. This early TGFβ-signaling remained unaffected by hypoxia. However, with prolonged exposure periods to TGFβ/hypoxia the expression of SMAD2 declined because of decreased protein stability. In parallel, hypoxia increased mRNA and protein amount of the calpain regulatory subunit, with the further notion that TGFβ/hypoxia elicited calpain activation. The dual specific proteasome/calpain inhibitor MG132 and the specific calpain inhibitor 1 rescued SMAD2 degradation, substantiating the ability of calpain to degrade SMAD2. Decreased SMAD2 expression reduced TGFβ transcriptional activity of its target genes thrombospondin 1, dystonin, and matrix metalloproteinase 2. Conclusions Hypoxia interferes with TGFβ signaling in macrophages by calpain-mediated proteolysis of the central signaling component SMAD2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0026-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China ; Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Ka Wong MS, Leisegang MS, Kruse C, Vogel J, Schürmann C, Dehne N, Weigert A, Herrmann E, Brüne B, Shah AM, Steinhilber D, Offermanns S, Carmeliet G, Badenhoop K, Schröder K, Brandes RP. Response to letter regarding article, "Vitamin D promotes vascular regeneration". Circulation 2015; 131:e515-6. [PMID: 26034089 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sze Ka Wong
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Kruse
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juri Vogel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, BHF Center of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, GermanyGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
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14
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Geis T, Popp R, Hu J, Fleming I, Henke N, Dehne N, Brüne B. HIF-2α attenuates lymphangiogenesis by up-regulating IGFBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Cell 2015; 107:175-88. [PMID: 25757011 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Tumour-associated lymphangiogenesis was identified as an important clinical determinant for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and significantly influences patient survival. However, in this context, little is known about regulation of lymphangiogenesis by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). In HCC, mainly HIF-1α was positively correlated with lymphatic invasion and metastasis, whereas a defined role of HIF-2α is missing. RESULTS We created a stable knockdown (k/d) of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in HepG2 cells and generated co-cultures of HepG2 spheroids with embryonic bodies. This constitutes an in vitro tumour model mimicking the cancer microenvironment and allows addressing the role of distinct HIF isoforms in regulating HCC lymphangiogenesis. In co-cultures with a HIF-2α k/d, lymphangiogenesis was significantly increased, whereas the k/d of HIF-1α showed no effect. The HIF-2α-dependent lymphangiogenic phenotype was confirmed in vivo using matrigel plug assays with supernatants of HIF-2α k/d HepG2 cells. We identified and verified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) as a HIF-2α target gene. The potential of HepG2 cells to induce lymphangiogenesis in two independent functional assays was significantly enhanced either by a k/d of HIF-2α or by silencing IGFBP1. Moreover, we confirmed IGF as a potent pro-lymphatic growth factor with IGFBP1 being its negative modulator. CONCLUSIONS We propose that HIF-2α acts as an important negative regulator of hepatic lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by inducing IGFBP1 and thus, interfering with IGF signalling. Therefore, HIF-2α may constitute a critical target in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Geis
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Nina Henke
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
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15
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Geis T, Döring C, Popp R, Grossmann N, Fleming I, Hansmann ML, Dehne N, Brüne B. HIF-2alpha-dependent PAI-1 induction contributes to angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:46-57. [PMID: 25489981 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), not only affecting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, but also angiogenesis and thus, increasing the risk of metastasis. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF)-1α and -2α cause adaptation of tumors to hypoxia, still with uncertainties towards the angiogenic switch. We created a stable knockdown of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in HepG2 cells and generated cocultures of HepG2 spheroids with embryonic bodies as an in vitro tumor model mimicking the cancer microenvironment. The naturally occuring oxygen and nutrient gradients within the cocultures allow us to question the role of distinct HIF isoforms in regulating HCC angiogenesis. In cocultures with a HIF-2α knockdown, angiogenesis was attenuated, while the knockdown of HIF-1α was without effect. Microarray analysis identified plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as a HIF-2α target gene in HepG2 cells. The knockdown of PAI-1 in HepG2 cells also lowered angiogenesis. Blocking plasmin, the downstream target of PAI-1, with aprotinin in HIF-2α knockdown (k/d) cells proved a cause-effect relation and restored angiogenesis, with no effect on control cocultures. Suggestively, HIF-2α increases PAI-1 to lower concentrations of active plasmin, thereby supporting angiogenesis. We conclude that the HIF-2α target gene PAI-1 favors the angiogenic switch in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Geis
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nina Grossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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Wong MSK, Leisegang MS, Kruse C, Vogel J, Schürmann C, Dehne N, Weigert A, Herrmann E, Brüne B, Shah AM, Steinhilber D, Offermanns S, Carmeliet G, Badenhoop K, Schröder K, Brandes RP. Vitamin D promotes vascular regeneration. Circulation 2014; 130:976-86. [PMID: 25015343 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency in humans is frequent and has been associated with inflammation. The role of the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3; 1,25-VitD3) in the cardiovascular system is controversial. High doses induce vascular calcification; vitamin D3 deficiency, however, has been linked to cardiovascular disease because the hormone has anti-inflammatory properties. We therefore hypothesized that 1,25-VitD3 promotes regeneration after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS In healthy volunteers, supplementation of vitamin D3 (4000 IU cholecalciferol per day) increased the number of circulating CD45-CD117+Sca1+Flk1+ angiogenic myeloid cells, which are thought to promote vascular regeneration. Similarly, in mice, 1,25-VitD3 (100 ng/kg per day) increased the number of angiogenic myeloid cells and promoted reendothelialization in the carotid artery injury model. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 1,25-VitD3 also promoted reendothelialization and restored the impaired angiogenesis in the femoral artery ligation model. Angiogenic myeloid cells home through the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) receptor CXCR4. Inhibition of CXCR4 blocked 1,25-VitD3-stimulated healing, pointing to a role of SDF1. The combination of injury and 1,25-VitD3 increased SDF1 in vessels. Conditioned medium from injured, 1,25-VitD3-treated arteries elicited a chemotactic effect on angiogenic myeloid cells, which was blocked by SDF1-neutralizing antibodies. Conditional knockout of the vitamin D receptor in myeloid cells but not the endothelium or smooth muscle cells blocked the effects of 1,25-VitD3 on healing and prevented SDF1 formation. Mechanistically, 1,25-VitD3 increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α through binding to its promoter. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor signaling subsequently promoted SDF1 expression, as revealed by reporter assays and knockout and inhibitory strategies of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α. CONCLUSIONS By inducing SDF1, vitamin D3 is a novel approach to promote vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sze Ka Wong
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Christoph Kruse
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Juri Vogel
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Andreas Weigert
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Eva Herrmann
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.).
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (M.S.K.W., M.S.L., C.K., J.V., C.S., K.S., R.P.B.), Institute of Biochemistry I (N.D., A.W., B.B.), Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling (E.H.), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (D.S.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S.L., C.K., C.S., E.H., S.O., K.S., R.P.B.); Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (A.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.); Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (G.C.); and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (K.B.).
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cells sense and respond to a shortage of oxygen by activating the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 and evoking adaptive responses. RECENT ADVANCES Mitochondria are at the center of a hypoxia sensing and responding relay system. CRITICAL ISSUES Under normoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are HIF activators. As their individual flux rates determine their diffusion-controlled interaction, predictions how these radicals affect HIF appear context-dependent. Considering that the oxygen requirement for NO formation limits its role in activating HIF to conditions of ambient oxygen tension. Given the central role of mitochondrial complex IV as a NO target, especially under hypoxia, allows inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO to spare oxygen thus, raising the threshold for HIF activation. HIF targets seem to configure a feedback-signaling circuit aimed at gradually adjusting mitochondrial function. In hypoxic cancer cells, mitochondria redirect Krebs cycle intermediates to preserve their biosynthetic ability. Persistent HIF activation lowers the entry of electron-delivering compounds into mitochondria to reduce Krebs cycle fueling and β-oxidation, attenuates the expression of electron transport chain components, limits mitochondria biosynthesis, and provokes their removal by autophagy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mitochondria can be placed central in a hypoxia sensing-hypoxia responding circuit. We need to determine to which extent and how mitochondria contribute to sense hypoxia, explore whether modulating their oxygen-consuming capacity redirects hypoxic responses in in vivo relevant disease conditions, and elucidate how the multiple HIF targets in mitochondria shape conditions of acute versus chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Fuhrmann DC, Wittig I, Heide H, Dehne N, Brüne B. Chronic hypoxia alters mitochondrial composition in human macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1834:2750-60. [PMID: 24140568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are important mediators of the cellular adaptive response during acute hypoxia. The role of HIF-1 and HIF-2 during prolonged periods of hypoxia, i.e. chronic hypoxia is less defined. Therefore, we used human THP-1 macrophages with a knockdown of either HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or both HIFα-subunits, incubated them for several days under hypoxia (1% O2), and analyzed responses to hypoxia using 2D-DIGE coupled to MS/MS-analysis. Chronic hypoxia was defined as a time point when the early but transient accumulation of HIFα-subunits and mRNA expression of classical HIF target genes returned towards basal levels, with a new steady state that was constant from 72h onwards. From roughly 800 spots, that were regulated comparing normoxia to chronic hypoxia, about 100 proteins were unambiguously assigned during MS/MS-analysis. Interestingly, a number of glycolytic proteins were up-regulated, while a number of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins were down-regulated independently of HIF-1α or HIF-2α. Chronic hypoxic conditions depleted the mitochondrial mass by autophagy, which occurred independently of HIF proteins. Macrophages tolerate periods of chronic hypoxia very well and adaptive responses occur, at least in part, independently of HIF-1α and/or HIF-2α and comprise mitophagy as a pathway of particular importance.
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19
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Dehne N, Tausendschon M, Essler S, Geis T, Schmid T, Brune B. IL-4 reduces the proangiogenic capacity of macrophages by down-regulating HIF-1 translation. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:129-37. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Brüne B, Dehne N, Grossmann N, Jung M, Namgaladze D, Schmid T, von Knethen A, Weigert A. Redox control of inflammation in macrophages. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:595-637. [PMID: 23311665 PMCID: PMC3718318 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present throughout the human body, constitute important immune effector cells, and have variable roles in a great number of pathological, but also physiological, settings. It is apparent that macrophages need to adjust their activation profile toward a steadily changing environment that requires altering their phenotype, a process known as macrophage polarization. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), derived from NADPH-oxidases, mitochondria, or NO-producing enzymes, are not necessarily toxic, but rather compose a network signaling system, known as redox regulation. Formation of redox signals in classically versus alternatively activated macrophages, their action and interaction at the level of key targets, and the resulting physiology still are insufficiently understood. We review the identity, source, and biological activities of ROS produced during macrophage activation, and discuss how they shape the key transcriptional responses evoked by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, nuclear-erythroid 2-p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. We summarize the mechanisms how redox signals add to the process of macrophage polarization and reprogramming, how this is controlled by the interaction of macrophages with their environment, and addresses the outcome of the polarization process in health and disease. Future studies need to tackle the option whether we can use the knowledge of redox biology in macrophages to shape their mediator profile in pathophysiology, to accelerate healing in injured tissue, to fight the invading pathogens, or to eliminate settings of altered self in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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21
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Scheerer N, Dehne N, Stockmann C, Swoboda S, Baba HA, Neugebauer A, Johnson RS, Fandrey J. Myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is essential for skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. J Immunol 2013; 191:407-14. [PMID: 23729446 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding regeneration ability of skeletal muscle is based on stem cells that become activated and develop to myoblasts after myotrauma. Proliferation and growth of myoblasts result in self-renewal of skeletal muscle. In this article, we show that myotrauma causes a hypoxic microenvironment leading to accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in skeletal muscle cells, as well as invading myeloid cells. To evaluate the impact of HIF-1 in skeletal muscle injury and repair, we examined mice with a conditional HIF-1α knockout targeted to skeletal muscle or myeloid cells in a model of soft tissue trauma. No differences in acute trauma size were detected between control and HIF-1α knockout mice. However, muscles of myeloid HIF-1α knockout mice showed a significant delay in myoblast proliferation and growth of regenerating myofibers, in association with decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in HIF-1α-deficient myeloid cells. Moreover, the removal of necrotic cell debris and the regeneration of endothelial cell structure were impaired in myeloid HIF-1α knockout mice that showed delayed invasion of macrophages to the injury site. Our findings for the first time, to our knowledge, demonstrate that myeloid HIF-1α is required for adequate skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Scheerer
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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22
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Daleprane JB, Schmid T, Dehne N, Rudnicki M, Menrad H, Geis T, Ikegaki M, Ong TP, Brüne B, Abdalla DSP. Suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α contributes to the antiangiogenic activity of red propolis polyphenols in human endothelial cells. J Nutr 2012; 142:441-7. [PMID: 22279137 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-enriched fractions from natural sources have been proposed to interfere with angiogenesis in pathological conditions. We recently reported that red propolis polyphenols (RPP) exert antiangiogenic activity. However, molecular mechanisms of this activity remain unclear. Here, we aimed at characterizing molecular mechanisms to explain the impact of RPP on endothelial cells' (EC) physiology. We used in vitro and ex and in vivo models to test the hypothesis that RPP inhibit angiogenesis by affecting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) stabilization in EC. RPP (10 mg/L) affected angiogenesis by reducing migration and sprouting of EC, attenuated the formation of new blood vessels, and decreased the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into CD31-positive cells. Moreover, RPP (10 mg/L) inhibited hypoxia- or dimethyloxallylglycine-induced mRNA and protein expression of the crucial angiogenesis promoter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a time-dependent manner. Under hypoxic conditions, RPP at 10 mg/L, supplied for 1-4 h, decreased HIF1α protein accumulation, which in turn attenuated VEGF gene expression. In addition, RPP reduced the HIF1α protein half-life from ~58 min to 38 min under hypoxic conditions. The reduced HIF1α protein half-life was associated with an increase in the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL)-dependent proteasomal degradation of HIF1α. RPP (10 mg/L, 4 h) downregulated Cdc42 protein expression. This caused a corresponding increase in pVHL protein levels and a subsequent degradation of HIF1α. In summary, we have elucidated the underlying mechanism for the antiangiogenic action of RPP, which attenuates HIF1α protein accumulation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio B Daleprane
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Daleprene J, Rudnicki M, Ong T, Ikegaki M, Menrad H, Geis T, Schmid T, Dehne N, Bruene B, Saes Parra Abdalla D. 439 POLYPHENOLS FROM RED PROPOLIS SUPPRESSES ANGIOGENESIS BY INDUCING VON HIPPEL-LINDAU-DEPENDENT HIF-1 ALPHA DEGRADATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Daleprane JB, Dehne N, Ong TP, Brüne B, Abdalla DSP. Antiangiogenic properties of natural polyphenols from red propolis. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
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25
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Rudnicki M, Faine LA, Dehne N, Namgaladze D, Ferderbar S, Weinlich R, Amarante-Mendes GP, Yan CYI, Krieger JE, Brüne B, Abdalla DSP. Hypoxia inducible factor-dependent regulation of angiogenesis by nitro-fatty acids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1360-7. [PMID: 21454809 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitro-fatty acids (NO(2)-FAs) are emerging as a new class of cell signaling mediators. Because NO(2)-FAs are found in the vascular compartment and their impact on vascularization remains unknown, we aimed to investigate the role of NO(2)-FAs in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of nitrolinoleic acid and nitrooleic acid were evaluated on migration of endothelial cell (EC) in vitro, EC sprouting ex vivo, and angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. At 10 μmol/L, both NO(2)-FAs induced EC migration and the formation of sprouts and promoted angiogenesis in vivo in an NO-dependent manner. In addition, NO(2)-FAs increased intracellular NO concentration, upregulated protein expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription factor by an NO-mediated mechanism, and induced expression of HIF-1α target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter-1, and adrenomedullin. Compared with typical NO donors such as spermine-NONOate and deta-NONOate, NO(2)-FAs were slightly less potent inducers of EC migration and HIF-1α expression. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression and EC migration stimulated by NO(2)-FAs. CONCLUSION Our data disclose a novel physiological role for NO(2)-FAs, indicating that these compounds induce angiogenesis in an NO-dependent mechanism via activation of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudnicki
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tausendschön M, Dehne N, Brüne B. Hypoxia causes epigenetic gene regulation in macrophages by attenuating Jumonji histone demethylase activity. Cytokine 2010; 53:256-62. [PMID: 21131212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes elicit changes in gene expression by modifying DNA bases or histone side chains without altering DNA sequences. Recently discovered Jumonji histone demethylases (JHDMs) affect gene expression by demethylating lysine residues of histone tails. JHDMs belong to a family of dioxygenases and share similarities with prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Therefore, we investigated the influence of hypoxia in macrophages on histone methylation. All JHDM family members JMJD1A-C and JMJD2A-D are expressed in macrophages. Thus, we analyzed the methylation status of histone H3 residues not only under hypoxia but also after treatment with the dioxygenase-inhibitors DMOG, NO and ROS. Western analysis revealed increased methylations in H3K9me2/me3 and H3K36me3 at pO₂ below 3%, DMOG, NO and ROS treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated increased repressive marks H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in specific promoter regions of the chemokine Ccl2 and the chemokine receptors Ccr1 and Ccr5, which correlated with a downregulation of their mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. In contrasts, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) target gene adrenomedullin (ADM) mRNA was upregulated and no increase in its histone modification was observed. We suggest that hypoxia and a concomitant loss of JHDM activity increases H3K9 methylation and decreases chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tausendschön
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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27
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Menrad H, Werno C, Schmid T, Copanaki E, Deller T, Dehne N, Brüne B. Roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) versus HIF-2alpha in the survival of hepatocellular tumor spheroids. Hepatology 2010; 51:2183-92. [PMID: 20513003 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) provoke adaptation to hypoxic stress occurring in rapidly growing tumor tissues. Therefore, overexpression of HIF-1 or HIF-2 is a common feature in hepatocellular carcinoma but their specific function is still controversially discussed. To analyze HIF function in hypoxia-induced cell death we created a stable knockdown of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in HepG2 cells and generated tumor spheroids as an in vitro hepatocellular carcinoma model. Knockdown of HIF-1alpha enhanced expression of HIF-2alpha and vice versa. Unexpectedly, knockdown of HIF-1alpha or HIF-2alpha increased cell viability as well as spheroid size and decreased caspase-3 activity. Antiapoptotic Bcl-X(L) expression increased in both knockdown spheroids, whereas proapoptotic Bax was only reduced in HIF-1alpha-knockdown cells. Furthermore, an HIF-2alpha-knockdown significantly increased Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) expression in an HIF-1alpha-dependent manner. Concomitantly, electron microscopy revealed a substantial increase in autophagosomal structures in HIF-2alpha-knockdown spheroids and mito-/lysotracker costaining confirmed lysosomal activity of these autophagosomes. Blocking autophagosome maturation using 3-methyladenine restored cell death in HIF-2alpha-knockdown clones comparable to wildtype cells. CONCLUSION An HIF-1alpha-knockdown increases HIF-2alpha expression and shifts the balance of Bcl-2 family members toward survival. The knockdown of HIF-2alpha raises autophagic activity and attenuates apoptosis by enhancing HIF-1alpha expression. Our data indicate that enhanced expression of one HIF-isoform causes a survival advantage in hepatocellular carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Menrad
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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28
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Werno C, Menrad H, Weigert A, Dehne N, Goerdt S, Schledzewski K, Kzhyshkowska J, Brüne B. Knockout of HIF-1α in tumor-associated macrophages enhances M2 polarization and attenuates their pro-angiogenic responses. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1863-72. [PMID: 20427344 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute major infiltrates of solid tumors and express a marker profile that characterizes alternatively activated macrophages (MФs). TAMs accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions, express high amounts of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and contribute to tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. However, the precise role of HIF-1 on MФ infiltration and phenotype alterations remains poorly defined. Therefore, we cocultured wild type (wt) versus HIF-1α(-/-) MФs with tumor spheroids. Both, wt and HIF-1α(-/-) MФs, infiltrated hypoxic regions of tumor spheroids at equal rates and got alternatively activated. Interestingly, significantly higher amounts of HIF-1α(-/-) MФs expressed the TAM markers CD206 and stabilin-1 compared with wt phagocytes. Stimulation of infiltrated TAMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ revealed a reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in HIF-1α(-/-) MФs. Furthermore, HIF-1α(-/-) MФs were less cytotoxic toward tumor cells. Although infiltration of MФs increased the invasive potential of tumor spheroids independently of HIF-1, the ability to stimulate differentiation of stem cells toward CD31-positive cells was triggered by wt but not by HIF-1α(-/-) MФs. Our data suggest that HIF-1α-deficient MФs develop a more prominent TAM marker profile accompanied by reduced cytotoxicity, whereas HIF-1 seems indispensable for the angiogenesis-promoting properties of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werno
- Institute of Biochemistry I--Pathobiochemistry/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Dehne N, Hintereder G, Brüne B. High glucose concentrations attenuate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression and signaling in non-tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1179-89. [PMID: 20184881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the major transcription factor mediating adaption to hypoxia e.g. by enhancing glycolysis. In tumor cells, high glucose concentrations are known to increase HIF-1alpha expression even under normoxia, presumably by enhancing the concentration of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, while reactions of non-tumor cells are not well defined. Therefore, we analyzed cellular responses to different glucose concentrations in respect to HIF activation comparing tumor to non-tumor cells. Using cells derived from non-tumor origin, we show that HIF-1alpha accumulation was higher under low compared to high glucose concentrations. Low glucose allowed mRNA expression of HIF-1 target genes like adrenomedullin. Transfection of C(2)C(12) cells with a HIF-1alpha oxygen-dependent degradation domaine-GFP fusion protein revealed that prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity is impaired at low glucose concentrations, thus stabilizing the fusion protein. Mechanistic considerations suggested that neither O(2) redistribution nor an altered redox state explains impaired PHD activity in the absence of glucose. In order to affect PHD activity, glucose needs to be metabolized. Amino acids present in the medium also diminished HIF-1alpha expression, while the addition of fatty acids did not. This suggests that glucose or amino acid metabolism increases oxoglutarate concentrations, which enhances PHD activity in non-tumor cells. Tumor cells deprived of glutamine showed HIF-1alpha accumulation in the absence of glucose, proposing that enhanced glutaminolysis observed in many tumors enables these cells to compensate reduced oxoglutarate production in the absence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species not only serve as signaling molecules, they also contribute to oxidative stress and cell damage. The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems form along with peroxiredoxins a precisely regulated defense system to maintain the cellular redox homeostasis. There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) protects cells from oxidative stress by preventing inactivation of peroxiredoxins by sulfinylation. Here we demonstrate that NO and hypoxia upregulate Sestrin2 by HIF-1-dependent and additional mechanisms and that Sestrin2 contributes to preventing peroxiredoxins from sulfinylation. We conclude that Sestrin2 plays a role in peroxide defense as a reductase for peroxiredoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Essler
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry I, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhou J, Dehne N, Brüne B. Nitric oxide causes macrophage migration via the HIF-1-stimulated small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:741-9. [PMID: 19523512 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of tumor development. Recently, the tumor microenvironment, with the presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), has gained considerable interest. The mechanisms of macrophage/TAM migration as well as the role of HIF-1 in macrophages for tumor progression are still under debate. We present evidence that under normoxic conditions, nitric oxide (NO) promotes macrophage migration. The response was impaired in macrophages from leukocyte conditional HIF-1 alpha(-/-) mice. NO production and cell migration in response to cytokines were attenuated in macrophages from iNOS(-/-) mice, suggesting that iNOS-derived NO transmits cytokine signaling toward cell migration. We further identified the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 as effectors of the NO-HIF axis to drive macrophage migration by modulating the actin cytoskeleton. Our observations strengthen the role of HIF-1 in macrophages as a target of NO in facilitating functional responses such as migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Igwe EI, Essler S, Al-Furoukh N, Dehne N, Brüne B. Hypoxic transcription gene profiles under the modulation of nitric oxide in nuclear run on-microarray and proteomics. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:408. [PMID: 19725949 PMCID: PMC2743718 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microarray analysis still is a powerful tool to identify new components of the transcriptosome. It helps to increase the knowledge of targets triggered by stress conditions such as hypoxia and nitric oxide. However, analysis of transcriptional regulatory events remain elusive due to the contribution of altered mRNA stability to gene expression patterns as well as changes in the half-life of mRNAs, which influence mRNA expression levels and their turn over rates. To circumvent these problems, we have focused on the analysis of newly transcribed (nascent) mRNAs by nuclear run on (NRO), followed by microarray analysis. Results We identified 196 genes that were significantly regulated by hypoxia, 85 genes affected by nitric oxide and 292 genes induced by the cotreatment of macrophages with both NO and hypoxia. Fourteen genes (Bnip3, Ddit4, Vegfa, Trib3, Atf3, Cdkn1a, Scd1, D4Ertd765e, Sesn2, Son, Nnt, Lst1, Hps6 and Fxyd5) were common to all treatments but with different levels of expression in each group. We observed that 162 transcripts were regulated only when cells were co-treated with hypoxia and NO but not with either treatment alone, pointing to the importance of a crosstalk between hypoxia and NO. In addition, both array and proteomics data supported a consistent repression of hypoxia-regulated targets by NO. Conclusion By eliminating the interference of steady state mRNA in gene expression profiling, we obtained a smaller number of significantly regulated transcripts in our study compared to published microarray data and identified previously unknown hypoxia-induced targets. Gene analysis profiling corroborated the interplay between NO- and hypoxia-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka I Igwe
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional activator that coordinates adaptive responses to hypoxia. An increased activity is recognized in the majority of clinical relevant hypoxic/ischemic episodes and human cancers. However, studies with HIF-1alpha knockout mice revealed an important role of HIF-1 for physiology such as embryogenesis or glycolytic energy production. The discovery that HIF-1 activity is not only restricted to pathological conditions of reduced oxygen availability but also is needed for the normal O2-homeostasis by regulating O2-delivery and consumption opens a diverse spectrum of so far unappreciated HIF-1 functions in several organs, including the immune system. Innate immune responses are orchestrated by macrophages. These cells respond to environmental input signals and in turn generate appropriate answers to initiate resolution of inflammation. It appears that multiple pathways in the inflammatory microenvironment are used to adjust HIF-1alpha levels to affect macrophage biology. This review summarizes mechanisms of HIF activation in mammalian immune cells, especially in macrophages and neutrophils, and outlines how HIF moderates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry/ZAFES, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Dehne N, Kerkweg U, Otto T, Fandrey J. The HIF-1 response to simulated ischemia in mouse skeletal muscle cells neither enhances glycolysis nor prevents myotube cell death. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1693-701. [PMID: 17634197 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00892.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in response to ischemia. Although activation of HIF-1 in muscle tissue was found during ischemia in vivo, the meaning and mechanisms in isolated cells are still incompletely understood. We studied activation of HIF-1 in skeletal muscle cells cultured in either their undifferentiated myoblast state or differentiated into myotubes. HIF-1 was activated in myoblasts and myotubes by hypoxia and simulated ischemia. Induction of adrenomedullin mRNA and, to a lesser extent, VEGF mRNA correlated well with the induction of HIF-1alpha protein in both cell types. Enzymes of glycolysis-like lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase showed upregulation of their mRNA only under hypoxic conditions but not during simulated ischemia. Phosphofructokinase mRNA showed no significant upregulation at all. Although HIF-1 was activated in myotubes during simulated ischemia, myotubes died preceded by a loss of ATP. Myoblasts survived simulated ischemia with no decrease in ATP or ATP turnover. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1 hydroxylases by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) increased HIF-1alpha accumulation and significantly upregulated the expression of adrenomedullin, VEGF, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase in myoblasts and myotubes. However, DMOG provided no protection from cell death. Our data indicate that HIF-1, although activated in myotubes during simulated ischemia, cannot protect against the loss of ATP and cell viability. In contrast, myoblasts survive ischemia and thus may play an important role during regeneration and HIF-1-induced revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Petrat F, Li T, Dehne N, de Groot H, Rauen U. Sodium as the major mediator of NO-induced cell death in cultured hepatocytes. Life Sci 2006; 79:1606-15. [PMID: 16797598 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NO has been shown to induce cellular injury via inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and/or oxidative/nitrosative stress. Here, we studied which mechanism and downstream mediator is responsible for NO toxicity to hepatocytes. When cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated with spermineNONOate (0.01-2 mM) at 2, 5, 21 and 95% O(2) in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (37 degrees C), spermineNONOate caused concentration-dependent hepatocyte death (lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide uptake) with morphological features of both apoptosis and necrosis. Increasing O(2) concentrations protected hepatocytes from NO-induced injury. Steady-state NO concentrations were lower at higher O(2) concentrations, suggesting formation of reactive nitrogen oxide species. Despite this, the scavenger ascorbic acid was hardly protective. In contrast, at equal NO concentrations loss of viability was higher at lower O(2) concentrations and inhibitors of hypoxic injury, fructose and glycine (10 mM), strongly decreased NO-induced injury. Upon addition of spermineNONOate, the cytosolic Na(+) concentration rapidly increased. The increase in sodium depended on the NO/O(2) ratio and was paralleled by hepatocyte death. Sodium-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer strongly protected from NO-induced injury. SpermineNONOate also increased cytosolic calcium levels but the Ca(2+) chelator quin-2-AM did not diminish cell injury. These results show that - in analogy to hypoxic injury - a sodium influx largely mediates the NO-induced death of cultured hepatocytes. Oxidative stress and disturbances in calcium homeostasis appear to be of minor importance for NO toxicity to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petrat
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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Abstract
Gentamicin and cisplatin are clinically widely used pharmacological agents which may induce irreversible hearing loss as a side effect. Concerning the pathomechanisms of ototoxicity as well as preventive strategies there are similarities but also some differences. In this review we focus on the role of reactive oxygen species, the antioxidant system, cellular iron and calcium as well as nitric oxide and neurotrophins on gentamicin- and cisplatin-ototoxicity. Furthermore we deal with apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as the role of mitochondria in these cell injury processes.
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Dehne N, Li T, Petrat F, Rauen U, de Groot H. Critical O2 and NO concentrations in NO-induced cell death in a rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell line. Biol Chem 2004; 385:341-9. [PMID: 15134349 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2004.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plus oxygen (O2) are known to cause cell damage via formation of reactive nitrogen species. NO itself directly inhibits cytochrome oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in competition with O2, thus inducing a hypoxic-like injury. To assess the critical NO and O2 concentrations for both mechanisms of NO-induced cell injury, cells of a rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell line were incubated in the presence of the NO donor spermineNONOate at different O2 concentrations, and their loss of viability was determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Protection by ascorbic acid was used as indication for the involvement of reactive nitrogen species, whereas a hypoxic-like injury was indicated by the protective effects of glycine and glucose and the increase in NAD(P)H fluorescence. High concentrations of NO (approx. 10 microM NO) and O2 (21% O2) were required to induce endothelial cell death mediated by formation of reactive nitrogen species. On the other hand, pathophysiologically relevant NO concentrations at low but physiological O2 concentrations (ca. 2 microM NO at 5% O2 and about 1 microM NO at 2% O2) induced hypoxic-like cell death in the endothelial cells that was prevented by the presence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Aminoglycosides may induce irreversible hearing loss in both animals and humans. In order to study the nature and mechanisms underlying gentamicin-induced cell death in the inner ear, the cochlear neurosensory epithelia were dissected from guinea pigs and incubated with 0.5-10 mM gentamicin. Concentration-dependent loss of cell viability was detected by the inability of damaged cells to exclude propidium iodide. Outer hair cells were most sensitive towards gentamicin toxicity, followed by inner hair cells whereas Deiters and Hensen cells were not affected by the gentamicin concentrations used. The iron chelators 2,2'-dipyridyl and deferoxamine provided partial protection against gentamicin-induced hair cell death while the calcium chelator Quin-2 AM had no effect. Gentamicin (0.5-1 mM) induced condensation of chromatin typical for apoptosis. Using the fluorescent dye tetramethyl-rhodamine methyl ester and laser scanning microscopy we could visualize a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential in damaged outer hair cells about 1 h before cell death occurred. Cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability pore, provided partial protection against gentamicin toxicity. This strongly suggests an involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition in gentamicin-induced apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Cochlea/drug effects
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Cochlea/pathology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Female
- Gentamicins/toxicity
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Humans
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Permeability
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dehne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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Mihatsch WA, von Schoenaich P, Fahnenstich H, Dehne N, Ebbecke H, Plath C, von Stockhausen HB, Gaus W, Pohlandt F. Randomized, multicenter trial of two different formulas for very early enteral feeding advancement in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 33:155-9. [PMID: 11568516 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200108000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants, formula feeding is required if human milk is not available. The tolerance of a new 'high' lactose (55 g/L), low protein, low phosphate, hydrolyzed protein formula (HLF) for early enteral feeding advancement of ELBW infants was compared with that of a low lactose (1 g/L) hydrolyzed protein formula (LLF). METHODS In a randomized multicenter trial, 99 ELBW infants were fed according to a standardized protocol beginning at 48 hours of age with 12 ml/kg daily increments. Primary outcome was the cumulative milk feeding volume (CFV) from days 3 to 14. The authors hypothesized that feeding HLF as a supplement to human milk would increase the CFV at least by 20% in at least 60% of matched pairs compared with LLF. A secondary issue was to investigate whether human milk would increase the CFV compared with formula. RESULTS The CFV was 720 mL/kg (range, 0-962 mL/kg) with HLF and 613 mL/kg (range, 3-1,283 mL/kg) with LLF feeding. There was no 20% difference. On day 14, the median feeding volume was 103 mL/kg. The CFV was 533 mL/kg (range, 0-962 mL/kg) in infants who received less than 10% of human milk and 832 mL/kg (range, 74-1,283 mL/kg) in infants who received more than 10%. Necrotizing enterocolitis (Bell stage > or =2) occurred only with LLF feeding (n = 5; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study failed to find the hypothesized 20% advantage of the new HLF. The observed advantage of human milk supports the hypothesis that it should be the first diet in ELBW infants; however, this hypothesis still must be confirmed in a controlled, randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Mihatsch
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Dehne N, Lautermann J, Petrat F, Rauen U, de Groot H. Cisplatin ototoxicity: involvement of iron and enhanced formation of superoxide anion radicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 174:27-34. [PMID: 11437646 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since there are indications that iron influences cisplatin nephrotoxicity, we studied the role of iron in cisplatin ototoxicity in an in vitro model of the neurosensory epithelium of the guinea pig cochlea. Viability tests showed that Deiters and Hensen cells were not damaged and inner hair cells were only slightly damaged by cisplatin (50 microM). The outer hair cells were most sensitive to cisplatin toxicity. The iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl provided partial protection against cisplatin-induced cell death. In addition, we studied the influence of the iron chelators 2,2'-dipyridyl and deferoxamine on the chelatable iron pool in the various cells of the neurosensory epithelium using the fluorescent iron indicator Phen Green SK. Both chelators decreased the chelatable iron accessible to Phen Green SK, although the effect of deferoxamine was weaker because it entered the cells more slowly. The cellular concentration of the chelatable iron was measured using Phen Green SK and quantitative laser scanning microscopy. The concentration of chelatable iron in the inner ear cells ranged from 1.3 +/- 0.4 microM iron in inner hair cells to 3.7 +/- 1.7 microM iron in Hensen cells and did not correlate with the various cell types' susceptibility to cisplatin. Furthermore, cisplatin did not raise the intracellular chelatable iron concentration but enhanced the production of superoxide anions inside the neurosensory epithelium, especially inside the hair cells, as detected by the nitrotetrazolium blue reduction assay. Our conclusion is that cisplatin ototoxicity is partially mediated by an iron-dependent pathway and is associated with an enhanced formation of superoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dehne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been postulated to be involved in drug ototoxicity and noise-induced hearing loss. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cell damage in the inner ear was investigated using the neurosensory epithelium of a guinea pig cochlea. Hair cells and supporting cells of the epithelium incubated in Hanks' balanced salt solution were viable up to 6 h. After 2 h of treatment with 0.2 mM H(2)O(2) about 85% of the outer hair cells lost their viability. In contrast inner hair cells slowly began to die after 2 h of H(2)O(2) treatment. The Deiters cells and Hensen cells did not show any signs of damage in the presence of H(2)O(2). Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, Quin-2 AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, and 2,2'-dipyridyl, a membrane-permeable iron chelator, all provided partial protection against H(2)O(2)-induced outer hair cell death. The combination of both chelators showed an additional protective effect. The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione-monoethyl ester completely protected against H(2)O(2) damage. These results suggest that calcium, iron, and thiol homeostasis play a crucial role in hair cell death caused by H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dehne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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Rastan H, Corovic D, Dehne N, Manouguian S, Rastan D. [Surgical treatment of unilateral thrombosed aortofemoral grafts by femoro-femoral bypass and angioplastics of A. profunda femoris (author's transl)]. Thoraxchir Vask Chir 1974; 22:485-91. [PMID: 4548952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Regensburger D, Brunner L, Dehne N, Heisig B, Kirchhoff PG, Manouguian S, Rastan D, Rastan H, Stapenhorst K, de Vivie R, Koncz J. [Surgical technique and results of reoperation after closure of septumdefects (author's transl)]. Thoraxchir Vask Chir 1974; 22:261-4. [PMID: 4548238 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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