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Gaupp C, Schmid B, Tripal P, Edwards A, Daniel C, Zimmermann S, Goppelt-Struebe M, Willam C, Rosen S, Schley G. Reconfiguration and loss of peritubular capillaries in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19660. [PMID: 37952029 PMCID: PMC10640592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional and structural alterations of peritubular capillaries (PTCs) are a major determinant of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using a software-based algorithm for semiautomatic segmentation and morphometric quantification, this study analyzes alterations of PTC shape associated with chronic tubulointerstitial injury in three mouse models and in human biopsies. In normal kidney tissue PTC shape was predominantly elongated, whereas the majority of PTCs associated with chronic tubulointerstitial injury had a rounder shape. This was reflected by significantly reduced PTC luminal area, perimeter and diameters as well as by significantly increased circularity and roundness. These morphological alterations were consistent in all mouse models and human kidney biopsies. The mean circularity of PTCs correlated significantly with categorized glomerular filtration rates and the degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) and classified the presence of CKD or IFTA. 3D reconstruction of renal capillaries revealed not only a significant reduction, but more importantly a substantial simplification and reconfiguration of the renal microvasculature in mice with chronic tubulointerstitial injury. Computational modelling predicted that round PTCs can deliver oxygen more homogeneously to the surrounding tissue. Our findings indicate that alterations of PTC shape represent a common and uniform reaction to chronic tubulointerstitial injury independent of the underlying kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gaupp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aurélie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Worms, Worms, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Sieckmann T, Schley G, Ögel N, Kelterborn S, Boivin FJ, Fähling M, Ashraf MI, Reichel M, Vigolo E, Hartner A, Lichtenberger FB, Breiderhoff T, Knauf F, Rosenberger C, Aigner F, Schmidt-Ott K, Scholz H, Kirschner KM. Strikingly conserved gene expression changes of polyamine regulating enzymes among various forms of acute and chronic kidney injury. Kidney Int 2023; 104:90-107. [PMID: 37121432 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine and their common precursor molecule putrescine are involved in tissue injury and repair. Here, we test the hypothesis that impaired polyamine homeostasis contributes to various kidney pathologies in mice during experimental models of ischemia-reperfusion, transplantation, rhabdomyolysis, cyclosporine treatment, arterial hypertension, diabetes, unilateral ureteral obstruction, high oxalate feeding, and adenine-induced injuries. We found a remarkably similar pattern in most kidney pathologies with reduced expression of enzymes involved in polyamine synthesis together with increased expression of polyamine degrading enzymes. Transcript levels of amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (Aoc1), an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of putrescine, were barely detectable by in situ mRNA hybridization in healthy kidneys. Aoc1 was highly expressed upon various experimental kidney injuries resulting in a significant reduction of kidney putrescine content. Kidney levels of spermine were also significantly reduced, whereas spermidine was increased in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increased Aoc1 expression in injured kidneys was mainly accounted for by an Aoc1 isoform that harbors 22 additional amino acids at its N-terminus and shows increased secretion. Mice with germline deletion of Aoc1 and injured kidneys showed no decrease of kidney putrescine content; although they displayed no overt phenotype, they had fewer tubular casts upon ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hyperosmotic stress stimulated AOC1 expression at the transcriptional and post-transcription levels in metanephric explants and kidney cell lines. AOC1 expression was also significantly enhanced after kidney transplantation in humans. These data demonstrate that the kidneys respond to various forms of injury with down-regulation of polyamine synthesis and activation of the polyamine breakdown pathway. Thus, an imbalance in kidney polyamines may contribute to various etiologies of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sieckmann
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Neslihan Ögel
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Kelterborn
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix J Boivin
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad I Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilia Vigolo
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenberger
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Aigner
- Department of Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Surgery, St. John of God Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kai Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin M Kirschner
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Hartner A, Dambietz T, Cordasic N, Willam C, Burzlaff N, Brötsch M, Daniel C, Schiffer M, Amann K, Veelken R, Schley G, Hilgers KF. No benefit of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition for hypertensive renal damage in renovascular hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1208105. [PMID: 37435301 PMCID: PMC10331609 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1208105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We previously reported that malignant hypertension is associated with impaired capillary density of target organs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in a modified "preconditioning" approach prevents the development of malignant hypertension. To stabilize HIF, we employed pharmacological inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD), that profoundly affect HIF metabolism. Methods: Two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension (2K1C) was induced in rats; controls were sham operated. 2K1C rats received either intermittent injections of the PHD inhibitor ICA (2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetate) or placebo. Thirty-five days after clipping, the frequency of malignant hypertension was assessed (based on weight loss and the occurrence of characteristic vascular lesions). In addition, kidney injury was compared between all ICA treated versus all placebo treated 2K1C, regardless of the occurrence of malignant hypertension. HIF stabilization was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and HIF target gene expression by RT-PCR. Results: Blood pressure was elevated to the same degree in ICA- and placebo-treated 2K1C compared to control rats. ICA treatment did not affect the frequency of malignant hypertension or the extent of kidney tissue fibrosis, inflammation, or capillary density. There was a trend towards higher mortality and worse kidney function in ICA-treated 2K1C rats. ICA increased the number of HIF-1α-positive renal tubular cell nuclei and induced several HIF-1 target genes. In contrast, expression of HIF-2α protein as well as HIF-2 target genes were markedly enhanced by 2K1C hypertension, irrespective of ICA treatment. Discussion: We conclude that intermittent PHD inhibition did not ameliorate severe renovascular hypertension in rats. We speculate that the unexpected strong renal accumulation of HIF-2α in renovascular hypertension, which could not be further augmented by ICA, may contribute to the lack of a benefit from PHD inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dambietz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Brötsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F. Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Schley G, Goppelt-Struebe M. A PHD inhibitor prevents changes in the phosphoproteome and capillary rarefaction by CsA: treatment option for CKD? Kidney Int 2022; 102:686-688. [PMID: 36150758 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Labes et al. analyze the phosphoproteome in a mouse model of chronic cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity and detect significant changes in the angiogenic pathway. Furthermore, they observe reduced hemoglobin levels and capillary rarefaction in the kidney. The authors show that coadministration of the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor daprodustat almost completely prevents changes of the phosphoproteome and capillary rarefaction, suggesting that prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme inhibitors may preserve microvasculature of the kidney, which is commonly impaired in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Schley G, Hartner A. The Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor molidustat fails to restore erythropoietin production in the fibrotic kidney. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13858. [PMID: 35768895 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Sieckmann T, Ögel N, Kelterborn S, Boivin FJ, Schley G, Fähling M, Ashraf MI, Reichel M, Vigolo E, Hartner A, Knauf F, Rosenberger C, Aigner F, Smidt‐Ott K, Scholz H, Kirschner KM. Different Murine Models of Kidney Injury Reveal a Common Pattern of Dysregulation within the Polyamine System in Favour of its Catabolic Pathways. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix J. Boivin
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital ErlangenErlangen
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Hartner
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital ErlangenErlangen
| | | | | | | | - Kai Smidt‐Ott
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin
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7
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Broeker KAE, Fuchs MAA, Schrankl J, Lehrmann C, Schley G, Todorov VT, Hugo C, Wagner C, Kurtz A. Prolyl-4-hydroxylases 2 and 3 control erythropoietin production in renin-expressing cells of mouse kidneys. J Physiol 2021; 600:671-694. [PMID: 34863041 DOI: 10.1113/jp282615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hypoxia-signalling pathway induced by deletion of the ubiquitin-ligase von Hippel-Lindau protein causes an endocrine shift of renin-producing cells to erythropoietin (EPO)-expressing cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated. Since oxygen-regulated stability of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors relevant for EPO expression is dependent on the activity of prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD) 2 and 3, this study aimed to determine the relevance of different PHD isoforms for the EPO expression in renin-producing cells in vivo. For this purpose, mice with inducible renin cell-specific deletions of different PHD isoforms were analysed. Our study shows that there are two subgroups of renal renin-expressing cells, juxtaglomerular renin+ cells and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β+ interstitial renin+ cells. These interstitial renin+ cells belong to the cell pool of native EPO-producing cells and are able to express EPO and renin in parallel. In contrast, co-deletion of PHD2 and PHD3, but not PHD2 deletion alone, induces EPO expression in juxtaglomerular and hyperplastic renin+ cells and downregulates renin expression. A strong basal PHD3 expression in juxtaglomerular renin+ cells seems to prevent the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-2-dependent phenotype shift into EPO cells. In summary, PHDs seem important for the stabilization of the juxtaglomerular renin cell phenotype. Moreover, these findings reveal tubulointerstitial cells as a novel site of renal renin expression and suggest a high endocrine plasticity of these cells. Our data concerning the distinct expression patterns and functions of PHD2 and PHD3 provide new insights into the regulation of renin-producing cells and highlight the need for selective PHD inhibitors. KEY POINTS: Renal renin-expressing cells can be clearly distinguished into two subgroups, the typical juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells and interstitial renin+ cells. Interstitial renin+ cells belong to the cell pool of native erythropoietin (EPO)-producing cells, show a fast EPO response to acute hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) stabilization and are able to express EPO and renin in parallel. Only co-deletion of the prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD) 2 and 3, but not PHD2 deletion alone, induces EPO expression in juxtaglomerular renin+ cells. Chronic HIF-2 stabilization in juxtaglomerular renin-expressing cells leads to their phenotypic shift into EPO-producing cells. A strong basal PHD3 expression in juxtaglomerular renin+ cells seems to prevent a HIF-2-dependent phenotype shift into EPO cells suggesting PHD3 fulfils a stabilizer function for the juxtaglomerular renin cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Schrankl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lehrmann
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Schley G, Willam C. ["Intravascular space contracted-tissue space expanded": interstitial edema and fluid management in intensive care medicine]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2021; 116:665-671. [PMID: 34605939 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the second phase of shock therapy, we regularly find fluid overload with edema in our patients, which not only involves the skin and interstitial tissue but can also impair kidney, liver and pulmonary function. Revision of the Starling principle and new insights into physiology of the endothelial glycocalyx have important implications for fluid therapy in intensive care medicine. Determination of fluid overload and an appropriate therapy with either diuretics or ultrafiltration are the focus of "late goal-directed fluid removal" management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | - Carsten Willam
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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9
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Willam C, Schley G. [Intravenous fluid therapy and acute kidney injury - What's new?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:977-981. [PMID: 34344033 DOI: 10.1055/a-1267-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of intravascular volume is crucial for patients who are at risk or undergo Acute Kidney Injury. In sepsis or after acute fluid loss extensive fluid expansion is mostly needed. However, in cardiorenal syndroms fluid overload can even lead to AKI itself and reduction of intravascular volume is needed. Thus, an individualized fluid guidance in terms of a "fluid management stewartship" for the right patient, the right drug, the right route and the right dose 1 has to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
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10
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Welzel J, Breuer G, Geilen CC, Raap U, Schley G, Schultz E, Schwarz S, Stadler R, Thieme D, Zouboulis CC. Wie wird man Uniklinikum? Neue Wege des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland. Aktuelle Dermatologie 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1262-2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Nachfrage nach Studienplätzen der Humanmedizin übersteigt seit vielen Jahren deutlich das Angebot der staatlichen Medizinfakultäten in Deutschland. Durch den zunehmenden Ärztemangel steigt auf der anderen Seite der Bedarf an ausgebildeten Medizinerinnen und Medizinern. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Möglichkeiten neu eröffnet, in Deutschland Humanmedizin zu studieren. Neben Neugründungen von Fakultäten sind insbesondere Kooperationen von Kliniken mit europäischen Universitäten und Privatuniversitäten zu nennen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Optionen und Rahmenbedingungen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Welzel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg
| | | | - C. C. Geilen
- Health and Medical University (HMU) Potsdam, Medical School Hamburg (MSH)
| | - U. Raap
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
| | - G. Schley
- Hautklinik, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Campus der MSH Medical School Hamburg
| | - E. Schultz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg
| | | | - R. Stadler
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | | | - C. C. Zouboulis
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau
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11
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Schley G, Grampp S, Goppelt-Struebe M. Inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases increases lipid accumulation in human primary tubular epithelial cells without inducing ER stress. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:125-140. [PMID: 32189058 PMCID: PMC7306052 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) pathway in renal lipid metabolism is largely unknown. As HIF stabilizing prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are currently investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia, we studied the effects of genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of PHDs on renal lipid metabolism in transgenic mice and human primary tubular epithelial cells (hPTEC). Tubular cell-specific deletion of HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (Phd2) increased the size of Oil Red-stained lipid droplets in mice. In hPTEC, the PHD inhibitors (PHDi) DMOG and ICA augmented lipid accumulation, which was visualized by Oil Red staining and assessed by microscopy and an infrared imaging system. PHDi-induced lipid accumulation required the exogenous availability of fatty acids and was observed in both proximal and distal hPTEC. PHDi treatment was not associated with structural features of cytotoxicity in contrast to treatment with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). PHDi and CsA differentially upregulated the expression of the lipid droplet-associated genes PLIN2, PLIN4 and HILPDA. Both PHDi and CsA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indicating the initiation of a metabolic stress response. However, only CsA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as determined by the increased mRNA expression of multiple ER stress markers but CsA-induced ER stress was not linked to lipid accumulation. Our data raise the possibility that PHD inhibition may protect tubular cells from toxic free fatty acids by trapping them as triacylglycerides in lipid droplets. This mechanism might contribute to the renoprotective effects of PHDi in experimental kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Schley G, Klanke B, Kalucka J, Schatz V, Daniel C, Mayer M, Goppelt-Struebe M, Herrmann M, Thorsteinsdottir M, Palsson R, Beneke A, Katschinski DM, Burzlaff N, Eckardt KU, Weidemann A, Jantsch J, Willam C. Mononuclear phagocytes orchestrate prolyl hydroxylase inhibition-mediated renoprotection in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:378-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mayer M, Fey K, Heinze E, Wick CR, Abboud MI, Yeh TL, Tumber A, Orth N, Schley G, Buchholz B, Clark T, Schofield CJ, Willam C, Burzlaff N. A Fluorescent Benzo[g]isoquinoline-Based HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor for Cellular Imaging. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:94-99. [PMID: 30380199 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylation domain (PHD) enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and serve as cellular oxygen sensors. HIF and the PHD enzymes regulate numerous potentially tissue-protective target genes which can adapt cells to metabolic and ischemic stress. We describe a fluorescent PHD inhibitor (1-chloro-4-hydroxybenzo[g]isoquinoline-3-carbonyl)glycine which is suited to fluorescence-based detection assays and for monitoring PHD inhibitors in biological systems. In cell-based assays, application of the fluorescent PHD inhibitor allowed co-localization with a cellular PHD enzyme and led to live cell imaging of processes involved in cellular oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fey
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Heinze
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian R Wick
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, PULS Group, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49b, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tzu-Lan Yeh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nicole Orth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Schreiber R, Buchholz B, Kraus A, Schley G, Scholz J, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. Lipid Peroxidation Drives Renal Cyst Growth In Vitro through Activation of TMEM16A. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:228-242. [PMID: 30606785 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transepithelial chloride- secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Polycystic kidneys are hypoxic, and oxidative stress activates TMEM16A. However, mechanisms for channel activation in PKD remain obscure. METHODS Using tissue samples from patients with autosomal dominant PKD, embryonic kidney cultures, and an MDCK in vitro cyst model, we assessed peroxidation of plasma membrane phospholipids in human and mouse polycystic kidneys. We also used electrophysiologic Ussing chamber and patch clamp experiments to analyze activation of TMEM16A and growth of renal cysts. RESULTS Peroxidation of phospholipids in human and mouse kidneys as well as MDCK cysts in vitro is probably due to enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation correlated with increased cyst volume as shown in renal cultures and MDCK cysts in three-dimensional cultures. Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation strongly activated TMEM16A, leading to depletion of calcium ion stores and store-operated calcium influx. Activation of TMEM16A- and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion strongly augmented cyst growth. Exposure to scavengers of reactive oxygen species, such as glutathione, coenzyme Q10, or idebenone (a synthetic coenzyme Q10 homolog), as well as inhibition of oxidative lipid damage by ferrostatin-1 largely reduced activation of TMEM16A. Inhibition of TMEM16A reduced proliferation and fluid secretion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that activation of TMEM16A by lipid peroxidation drives growth of renal cysts. We propose direct inhibition of TMEM16A or inhibition of lipid peroxidation as potentially powerful therapeutic approaches to delay cyst development in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Scholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
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15
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Kraus A, Peters DJM, Klanke B, Weidemann A, Willam C, Schley G, Kunzelmann K, Eckardt KU, Buchholz B. HIF-1α promotes cyst progression in a mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2018; 94:887-899. [PMID: 30173898 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations of the PKD1 gene and characterized by growth of bilateral renal cysts. Cyst growth is accompanied by regional hypoxia and induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in cyst-lining epithelial cells. To determine the relevance of HIF-1α for cyst growth in vivo we used an inducible kidney epithelium-specific knockout mouse to delete Pkd1 at postnatal day 20 or 35 to induce polycystic kidney disease of different severity and analyzed the effects of Hif-1α co-deletion and HIF-1α stabilization using a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor. HIF-1α expression was enhanced in kidneys with progressive cyst growth induced by early Pkd1 deletion, but unchanged in the milder phenotype induced by later Pkd1 deletion. Hif-1α co-deletion significantly attenuated cyst growth in the severe, but not in the mild, phenotype. Application of a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor resulted in severe aggravation of the mild phenotype with rapid loss of renal function. HIF-1α expression was associated with induction of genes that mediate calcium-activated chloride secretion. Thus, HIF-1α does not seem to play a role in early cyst formation, but accelerates cyst growth during progressive polycystic kidney disease. This novel mechanism of cyst growth may qualify as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Klanke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Weidemann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Schley G, Jordan J, Ellmann S, Rosen S, Eckardt KU, Uder M, Willam C, Bäuerle T. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of experimental chronic kidney disease: A quantitative correlation study with histology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200259. [PMID: 30011301 PMCID: PMC6047786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In human chronic kidney disease (CKD) the extent of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis correlates with progressive loss of renal function. However, fibrosis can so far only be assessed by histology of kidney biopsies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information about tissue architecture, but its potential to assess fibrosis and inflammation in diseased kidneys remains poorly defined. Materials and methods We evaluated excised kidneys in a murine adenine-induced nephropathy model for CKD by MRI and correlated quantitative MRI parameters (T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times, apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy) with histological hallmarks of progressive CKD, including renal fibrosis, inflammation, and microvascular rarefaction. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of paraformaldehyde fixation on MRI parameters by comparing kidney samples before and after fixation with paraformaldehyde. Results In diseased kidneys T2 and T2* relaxation times, apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy in the renal cortex and/or outer medulla were significantly different from those in control kidneys. In particular, T2 relaxation time was the best parameter to distinguish control and CKD groups and correlated very well with the extent of fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrates, tubular dilation, crystal deposition, and loss of peritubular capillaries and normal tubules in the renal cortex and outer medulla. Fixation with paraformaldehyde had no impact on T2 relaxation time and fractional anisotropy, whereas T1 times significantly decreased and T2* times and apparent diffusion coefficients increased in fixed kidney tissue. Conclusions MRI parameters provide a promising approach to quantitatively assess renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD. Especially T2 relaxation time correlates well with histological features of CKD and is not influenced by paraformaldehyde fixation of kidney samples. Thus, T2 relaxation time might be a candidate parameter for non-invasive assessment of renal fibrosis in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ellmann
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Schatz V, Strüssmann Y, Mahnke A, Schley G, Waldner M, Ritter U, Wild J, Willam C, Dehne N, Brüne B, McNiff JM, Colegio OR, Bogdan C, Jantsch J. Myeloid Cell-Derived HIF-1α Promotes Control of Leishmania major. J Immunol 2016; 197:4034-4041. [PMID: 27798163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which accumulates in mammalian host organisms during infection, supports the defense against microbial pathogens. However, whether and to what extent HIF-1α expressed by myeloid cells contributes to the innate immune response against Leishmania major parasites is unknown. We observed that Leishmania-infected humans and L. major-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantial amounts of HIF-1α in acute cutaneous lesions. In vitro, HIF-1α was required for leishmanicidal activity and high-level NO production by IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages. Mice deficient for HIF-1α in their myeloid cell compartment had a more severe clinical course of infection and increased parasite burden in the skin lesions compared with wild-type controls. These findings were paralleled by reduced expression of type 2 NO synthase by lesional CD11b+ cells. Together, these data illustrate that HIF-1α is required for optimal innate leishmanicidal immune responses and, thereby, contributes to the cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Strüssmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mahnke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wild
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Oscar R Colegio
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Schley G, Köberle C, Manuilova E, Rutz S, Forster C, Weyand M, Formentini I, Kientsch-Engel R, Eckardt KU, Willam C. Comparison of Plasma and Urine Biomarker Performance in Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145042. [PMID: 26669323 PMCID: PMC4682932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New renal biomarkers measured in urine promise to increase specificity for risk stratification and early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) but concomitantly may be altered by urine concentration effects and chronic renal insufficiency. This study therefore directly compared the performance of AKI biomarkers in urine and plasma. Methods This single-center, prospective cohort study included 110 unselected adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between 2009 and 2010. Plasma and/or urine concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM1), and albumin as well as 15 additional biomarkers in plasma and urine were measured during the perioperative period. The primary outcome was AKI defined by AKIN serum creatinine criteria within 72 hours after surgery. Results Biomarkers in plasma showed markedly better discriminative performance for preoperative risk stratification and early postoperative (within 24h after surgery) detection of AKI than urine biomarkers. Discriminative power of urine biomarkers improved when concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine, but urine biomarkers had still lower AUC values than plasma biomarkers. Best diagnostic performance 4h after surgery had plasma NGAL (AUC 0.83), cystatin C (0.76), MIG (0.74), and L-FAPB (0.73). Combinations of multiple biomarkers did not improve their diagnostic power. Preoperative clinical scoring systems (EuroSCORE and Cleveland Clinic Foundation Score) predicted the risk for AKI (AUC 0.76 and 0.71) and were not inferior to biomarkers. Preexisting chronic kidney disease limited the diagnostic performance of both plasma and urine biomarkers. Conclusions In our cohort plasma biomarkers had higher discriminative power for risk stratification and early diagnosis of AKI than urine biomarkers. For preoperative risk stratification of AKI clinical models showed similar discriminative performance to biomarkers. The discriminative performance of both plasma and urine biomarkers was reduced by preexisting chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen Köberle
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Rutz
- Biomarker Assessments, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Forster
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivan Formentini
- Biomarker & Experimental Medicine, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schulz K, Hagos Y, Burckhardt G, Schley G, Burzlaff N, Willam C, Burckhardt BC. The Isoquinolone Derived Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor ICA Is a Potent Substrate of the Organic Anion Transporters 1 and 3. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 131:285-9. [PMID: 26640952 DOI: 10.1159/000442531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many cellular responses to hypoxia are mediated by the transcription factor complex hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF stability is governed by a family of dioxygenases called HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Isoquinolone-derived PHD inhibitors, like 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetate (ICA), which stabilize the intracellular HIF-α have been suggested as a potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of disorders associated with ischemia. To stabilize HIF-α, ICA has to be taken up into proximal tubule cells (PCTs) across the basolateral membrane by one of the organic anion transporters 1, 2 or 3 (OAT1, OAT2 or OAT3). The release into the urine across the luminal membrane may be mediated by OAT4. METHOD To demonstrate interaction of ICA with human OAT1, OAT2, OAT3 and OAT4, ICA was tested on these transporters stably transfected in HEK293 cells by using p-aminohippurate (PAH), cGMP and estrone-3-sulfate (ES) as reference substrates, respectively. RESULTS Uptakes of PAH and ES in OAT1- and OAT3-transfected HEK293 cells were inhibited by ICA with half-maximal inhibition values of 0.29 ± 0.05 and 2.58 ± 0.16 µM, respectively. OAT2 was less sensitive to ICA. Efflux experiments identified ICA as an OAT1 and OAT3 substrate. Preloading OAT4-transfected HEK293 cells with ICA stimulated ES uptake by 18.3 ± 3.8%. CONCLUSION The uptake of ICA across the basolateral membrane of PCTs occurs mainly by OAT1 and the efflux into the tubular lumen by OAT4.
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Siegert I, Schödel J, Nairz M, Schatz V, Dettmer K, Dick C, Kalucka J, Franke K, Ehrenschwender M, Schley G, Beneke A, Sutter J, Moll M, Hellerbrand C, Wielockx B, Katschinski DM, Lang R, Galy B, Hentze MW, Koivunen P, Oefner PJ, Bogdan C, Weiss G, Willam C, Jantsch J. Ferritin-Mediated Iron Sequestration Stabilizes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α upon LPS Activation in the Presence of Ample Oxygen. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2048-55. [PMID: 26628374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hypoxic and inflammatory conditions activate transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which play a crucial role in adaptive responses to these challenges. In dendritic cells (DC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HIF1α accumulation requires NF-κB signaling and promotes inflammatory DC function. The mechanisms that drive LPS-induced HIF1α accumulation under normoxia are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that LPS inhibits prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) activity and thereby blocks HIF1α degradation. Of note, LPS-induced PHD inhibition was neither due to cosubstrate depletion (oxygen or α-ketoglutarate) nor due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, fumarate, and succinate. Instead, LPS inhibited PHD activity through NF-κB-mediated induction of the iron storage protein ferritin and subsequent decrease of intracellular available iron, a critical cofactor of PHD. Thus, hypoxia and LPS both induce HIF1α accumulation via PHD inhibition but deploy distinct molecular mechanisms (lack of cosubstrate oxygen versus deprivation of co-factor iron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Siegert
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Dick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Beneke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Sutter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Moll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruno Galy
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Schley G, Köberle C, Manuilova E, Rutz S, Kientsch-Engel R, Eckardt KU, Willam C. Comparative analysis of diagnostic and predictive performance of novel renal biomarkers in plasma and urine of acute kidney injury patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796224 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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22
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Schley G, Scholz H, Kraus A, Hackenbeck T, Klanke B, Willam C, Wiesener MS, Heinze E, Burzlaff N, Eckardt KU, Buchholz B. Hypoxia inhibits nephrogenesis through paracrine Vegfa despite the ability to enhance tubulogenesis. Kidney Int 2015. [PMID: 26200943 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nephron number predisposes to hypertension and kidney disease. Interaction of the branching ureteric bud and surrounding mesenchymal cells determines nephron number. Since oxygen supply may be critical for intrauterine development, we tested whether hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) influence nephrogenesis. We found that HIF-1α is required for branching of MDCK cells. In addition, culture of metanephric mouse kidneys with ureteric bud cell-specific stabilization or knockout of HIF-1α revealed a positive impact of HIF-1α on nephrogenesis. In contrast, widespread stabilization of HIF-1α in metanephric kidneys through hypoxia or HIF stabilizers impaired nephrogenesis, and pharmacological HIF inhibition enhanced nephrogenesis. Several lines of evidence suggest an inhibitory effect through the hypoxia response of mesenchymal cells. HIF-1α was expressed in mesenchymal cells during nephrogenesis. Expression of the anti-branching factors Bmp4 and Vegfa, secreted by mesenchymal cells, was increased upon HIF stabilization. The conditioned medium from hypoxic metanephric kidneys inhibited MDCK branching, which was partially rescued by Vegfa antibodies. Thus, the effect of HIF-1α on nephrogenesis appears context dependent. While HIF-1α in the ureteric bud is of importance for proper branching morphogenesis, the net effect of hypoxia-induced HIF activation in the embryonic kidney appears to be mesenchymal cell-dependent inhibition of ureter branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Department of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackenbeck
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Klanke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael S Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Heinze
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Zacharias HU, Hochrein J, Vogl FC, Schley G, Mayer F, Jeleazcov C, Eckardt KU, Willam C, Oefner PJ, Gronwald W. Identification of Plasma Metabolites Prognostic of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2897-905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena U. Zacharias
- Institute
of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hochrein
- Institute
of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska C. Vogl
- Institute
of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department
of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Mayer
- Department
of Anaesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Jeleazcov
- Department
of Anaesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department
of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department
of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute
of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gronwald
- Institute
of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Janke J, Schley G, Uder M, Eckardt K, Willam C, Bäuerle T. Diagnostik akuter und chronischer Nierenveränderungen im Mausmodell mittels multiparametrischer Analyse und Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung bei 7 Tesla. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vogler M, Zieseniss A, Hesse AR, Levent E, Tiburcy M, Heinze E, Burzlaff N, Schley G, Eckardt KU, Willam C, Katschinski DM. Pre- and post-conditional inhibition of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain enzymes protects the heart from an ischemic insult. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2141-9. [PMID: 25578858 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several genetically modified mouse models implicated that prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes are critical mediators for protecting tissues from an ischemic insult including myocardial infarction by affecting the stability and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and HIF-2. Thus, the current efforts to develop small-molecule PHD inhibitors open a new therapeutic option for myocardial tissue protection during ischemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the applicability and efficacy of pharmacological HIFα stabilization by a small-molecule PHD inhibitor in the heart. We tested for protective effects in the acute phase of myocardial infarction after pre- or post-conditional application of the inhibitor. Application of the specific PHD inhibitor 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetate (ICA) resulted in HIF-1α and HIF-2α accumulation in heart muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. The rapid and robust responsiveness of cardiac tissue towards ICA was further confirmed by induction of the known HIF target genes heme oxygenase-1 and PHD3. Pre- and post-conditional treatment of mice undergoing myocardial infarction resulted in a significantly smaller infarct size. Tissue protection from ischemia after pre- or post-conditional ICA treatment demonstrates that there is a therapeutic time window for the application of the PHD inhibitor (PHI) post-myocardial infarction, which might be exploited for acute medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Vogler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amke R Hesse
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elif Levent
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Heinze
- Inorganic Chemistry and Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Inorganic Chemistry and Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Tian W, Wang Y, Xu Y, Guo X, Wang B, Sun L, Liu L, Cui F, Zhuang Q, Bao X, Schley G, Chung TL, Laslett AL, Willam C, Qin B, Maxwell PH, Esteban MA. The hypoxia-inducible factor renders cancer cells more sensitive to vitamin C-induced toxicity. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3339-51. [PMID: 24371136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Megadose vitamin C (Vc) is one of the most enduring alternative treatments for diverse human diseases and is deeply engrafted in popular culture. Preliminary studies in the 1970s described potent effects of Vc on prolonging the survival of patients with terminal cancer, but these claims were later criticized. An improved knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of Vc and recent reports using cancer cell lines have renewed the interest in this subject. Despite these findings, using Vc as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy remains questionable, among other things because there is no proper mechanistic understanding. Here, we show that a Warburg effect triggered by activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway greatly enhances Vc-induced toxicity in multiple cancer cell lines, including von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-defective renal cancer cells. HIF increases the intracellular uptake of oxidized Vc through its transcriptional target glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), synergizing with the uptake of its reduced form through sodium-dependent Vc transporters. The resulting high levels of intracellular Vc induce oxidative stress and massive DNA damage, which then causes metabolic exhaustion by depleting cellular ATP reserves. HIF-positive cells are particularly sensitive to Vc-induced ATP reduction because they mostly rely on the rather inefficient glycolytic pathway for energy production. Thus, our experiments link Vc-induced toxicity and cancer metabolism, providing a new explanation for the preferential effect of Vc on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tian
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Buchholz B, Schley G, Faria D, Kroening S, Willam C, Schreiber R, Klanke B, Burzlaff N, Jantsch J, Kunzelmann K, Eckardt KU. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α causes renal cyst expansion through calcium-activated chloride secretion. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:465-74. [PMID: 24203996 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases are characterized by numerous bilateral renal cysts that continuously enlarge and, through compression of intact nephrons, lead to a decline in kidney function over time. We previously showed that cyst enlargement is accompanied by regional hypoxia, which results in the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the cyst epithelium. Here we demonstrate a correlation between cyst size and the expression of the HIF-1α-target gene, glucose transporter 1, and report that HIF-1α promotes renal cyst growth in two in vitro cyst models-principal-like MDCK cells (plMDCKs) within a collagen matrix and cultured embryonic mouse kidneys stimulated with forskolin. In both models, augmenting HIF-1α levels with the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetate enhanced cyst growth. In addition, inhibition of HIF-1α degradation through tubule-specific knockdown of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor increased cyst size in the embryonic kidney cyst model. In contrast, inhibition of HIF-1α by chetomin and knockdown of HIF-1α both decreased cyst growth in these models. Consistent with previous reports, plMDCK cyst enlargement was driven largely by transepithelial chloride secretion, which consists, in part, of a calcium-activated chloride conductance. plMDCKs deficient for HIF-1α almost completely lacked calcium-activated chloride secretion. We conclude that regional hypoxia in renal cysts contributes to cyst growth, primarily due to HIF-1α-dependent calcium-activated chloride secretion. These findings identify the HIF system as a novel target for inhibition of cyst growth.
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Hagos Y, Schley G, Schödel J, Krick W, Burckhardt G, Willam C, Burckhardt BC. α-Ketoglutarate-related inhibitors of HIF prolyl hydroxylases are substrates of renal organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 4 (OAT4). Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:367-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kaynar K, Kaynar K, Ersoz S, Aliyazioglu R, Uzun A, Ulusoy S, Al S, Ozkan G, Cansiz M, Bertocchio JP, Lancon J, El Moghrabi S, Galmiche G, Duong Van Huyen JP, Rieu P, Jaisser F, Albertoni G, Andrade S, Barreto JA, Borges F, Schor N, Ho WY, Chen SH, Tseng CJ, Bienholz A, Feldkamp T, Weinberg JM, Suller Garcia J, Naves M, Borges F, Schor N, Borges F, Aparecida Reis L, Simoes MDJ, Schor N, S Almeida W, Moreau Longo V, Segreto HRC, Schor N, Ghoneim A, Elkholy A, Medhat Abbas T, El Hadeedy M, Elhusseini F, Elessawey B, Eltanaihy E, Lotfy A, Eldesoky S, Sheashaa H, Sobh M, Minning DM, Warnock D, Mohamed AS, Wirthlin JB, Chintalacharuvu SR, Boone L, Brenner RM, Borges F, Aparecida Reis L, Simoes MDJ, Schor N, Santina Christo J, Dos Santos Passos C, Aparecida Reis L, Rene de Alencar D, Suller Garcia J, Schor N, De Braganca AC, Canale D, Goncalves JG, Brandao TPB, Shimizu MHM, Volpini RA, Seguro AC, Andrade L, Canale D, De Braganca AC, Goncalves JG, Brandao TPB, Shimizu MHM, Volpini RA, Andrade L, Seguro AC, Lee JW, Kim HK, Cho WY, Jo SK, Cho E, Hocherl K, Schmidt C, Mulay SR, Kulkarni OP, Rupanagudi KV, Migliorini A, Liapis H, Anders HJ, Pevzner I, Chupyrkina A, Plotnikov E, Zorov D, Lopez-Novoa JM, Eleno N, Perez-Barriocanal F, Arevalo M, Docherty N, Castellano G, Divella C, Loverre A, Stasi A, Curci C, Rossini M, Ditonno P, Battaglia M, Daha MR, Van Kooten C, Gesualdo L, Schena FP, Grandaliano G, Tsuda H, Kawada N, Iwatani H, Moriyama T, Takahara S, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Schley G, Kalucka J, Klanke B, Jantsch J, Olbrich S, Baumgartl J, Amann K, Eckardt KU, Weidemann A, Dolgolikova A, Pilotovich V, Ivanchik G, Shved I, Banki NF, Antal Z, Hosszu A, Koszegi S, Vannay A, Wagner L, Prokai A, Muller V, Szabo AJ, Fekete A, Farrag S, Abulasrar S, Salama ,M, Amin M, Ali A, Sheashaa H, Sobh M, Rubera I, Duranton C, Cougnon M, Melis N, Tauc M, Plotnikov E, Zorov D, Chupyrkina A, Jankauskas S, Morosanova M, Pevzner I, Pulkina N, Zorova L, Shin YT, Kim SS, Chang YK, Choi DE, Na KR, Lee KW, Choi JY, Jin DC, Cha JH, Schneider R, Betz B, Meusel M, Held C, Wanner C, Gekle M, Sauvant C, Pisani A, Rossano R, Mancini A, Arfian N, Yagi K, Nakayama K, Ali H, Mayasari DS, Purnomo E, Emoto N, Efrati S, Berman S, Abu Hamad R, Weissgarten J, Scherbaum CR, Allam R, Lichtnekert J, Darisipudi MN, Hagele H, Mulay SR, Rupanagudi KV, Hohenstein B, Hugo C, Schaefer L, Anders HJ, Corsi C, Ferramosca E, Grandi E, Pisoni L, Rivolta I, Dalpozzo B, Hoxha E, Severi S, Santoro A, Laurent M, Cedric R, Dominique C, Sophie V, Nochy D, Loic G, Patrice C, Chantal J, Marie-Christine V, Alexandre H, Eric R, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Quercia AD, Figliolini F, Dellepiane S, Randone O, Segoloni GP, Camussi G, Shin YT, Choi DE, Na KR, Chang YK, Kim SS, Ahn BH, Kim SH, Lee KW, Yasue Saito Miyagi M, Camara N, Cerqueira Leite Seelaender M, Maceratesi Enjiu L, Estler Rocha Guilherme P, Pisciottano M, Hiyane M, Yuri Hayashida C, De Andrade Oliveira V, Olsen Saraiva Camara N, Tami Amano M, Sancho-Martinez SM, Sanchez-Juanes F, Vicente L, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Chen JS, Chang LC, Chen CC, Park MY, Choi SJ, Kim JG, Hwang SD, Vicente-Vicente L, Ferreira L, Prieto M, Garcia-Sanchez O, Sevilla MA, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Morales AI, Vicente-Vicente L, Ferreira L, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Lopez-Novoa FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Morales AI, Christoph K, Kuper C, Maria-Luisa F, Franz-Xaver B, Neuhofer W, Vervaet B, Le Clef N, Verhulst A, D'haese P, Tanaka T, Yamaguchi J, Eto N, Kojima I, Fujita T, Nangaku M, Wystrychowski A, Wystrychowski G, Obuchowicz E, Grzeszczak W, Wiecek A, Esposito C, Torreggiani M, Castoldi F, Migotto C, Serpieri N, Grosjean F, Manini A, Pertile E, Dal Canton A. AKI - Experimental. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schley G, Klanke B, Schödel J, Forstreuter F, Shukla D, Kurtz A, Amann K, Wiesener MS, Rosen S, Eckardt KU, Maxwell PH, Willam C. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors stabilization in the thick ascending limb protects against ischemic acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:2004-15. [PMID: 21921145 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) protect cells against oxygen deprivation, and HIF stabilization before ischemia mitigates tissue injury. Because ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) often involves the thick ascending limb (TAL), modulation of HIF in this segment may be protective. Here, we generated mice with targeted TAL deletion of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (Vhl), which mediates HIF degradation under normoxia, using Tamm-Horsfall protein (Thp)-driven Cre expression. These mice showed strong expression of HIF-1α in TALs but no changes in kidney morphology or function under control conditions. Deficiency of Vhl in the TAL markedly attenuated proximal tubular injury and preserved TAL function following ischemia-reperfusion, which may be partially a result of enhanced expression of glycolytic enzymes and lactate metabolism. These results highlight the importance of the thick ascending limb in the pathogenesis of AKI and suggest that pharmacologically targeting the HIF system may have potential to prevent and mitigate AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Buchholz B, Klanke B, Schley G, Bollag G, Tsai J, Kroening S, Yoshihara D, Wallace DP, Kraenzlin B, Gretz N, Hirth P, Eckardt KU, Bernhardt WM. The Raf kinase inhibitor PLX5568 slows cyst proliferation in rat polycystic kidney disease but promotes renal and hepatic fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:3458-65. [PMID: 21804086 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common cause of renal failure. Aberrant epithelial cell proliferation is a major cause of progressive cyst enlargement in ADPKD. Since activation of the Ras/Raf signaling system has been detected in cyst-lining epithelia, inhibition of Raf kinase has been proposed as an approach to retard the progression of ADPKD. Methods and results. PLX5568, a novel selective small molecule inhibitor of Raf kinases, attenuated proliferation of human ADPKD cyst epithelial cells. It reduced in vitro cyst growth of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells and of human ADPKD cells within a collagen gel. In male cy/+ rats with polycystic kidneys, PLX5568 inhibited renal cyst growth along with a significant reduction in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen- and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-positive cyst-lining epithelial cells. Furthermore, treated animals showed increased capacity to concentrate urine. However, PLX5568 did not lead to a consistent improvement of renal function. Moreover, although relative cyst volume was decreased, total kidney-to-body weight ratio was not significantly reduced by PLX5568. Further analyses revealed a 2-fold increase of renal and hepatic fibrosis in animals treated with PLX5568. CONCLUSIONS PLX5568 attenuated cyst enlargement in vitro and in a rat model of ADPKD without improving kidney function, presumably due to increased renal fibrosis. These data suggest that effective therapies for the treatment of ADPKD will need to target fibrosis as well as the growth of cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Wang Z, Schley G, Turkoglu G, Burzlaff N, Amann KU, Willam C, Eckardt KU, Bernhardt WM. The protective effect of prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition against renal ischaemia requires application prior to ischaemia but is superior to EPO treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:929-36. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Buchholz B, Teschemacher B, Schley G, Schillers H, Eckardt KU. Formation of cysts by principal-like MDCK cells depends on the synergy of cAMP- and ATP-mediated fluid secretion. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:251-61. [PMID: 21206992 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that more than 70% of the renal cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) arise from the collecting duct and that within this segment cysts originate almost exclusively from principal rather than intercalated cells. The mechanisms for this predisposition of principal cells have so far remained elusive. We, therefore, used Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) subclones resembling principal cells and alpha-intercalated cells in a three-dimensional in vitro model to determine differences in cystogenesis and cyst growth, including the response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevation and the dependence on ATP signaling. We found that in vitro cysts developed only from principal-like but not from intercalated-like MDCK cell clones. This specificity could be verified in mixed MDCK cultures enriched for principal- or intercalated-like cells. In vitro cyst growth upon elevation of intracellular cAMP was mainly driven by fluid secretion, rather than increased cell proliferation. The cAMP-dependent fluid secretion was found to depend on extracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and to act synergistically with purinergic signaling, as the use of the ATP scavenger apyrase, as well as the P2 receptor inhibitor suramin, reduced cAMP-driven fluid secretion, while increasing extracellular ATP potentiated cAMP-mediated cyst growth. In conclusion, we provide in vitro evidence for the ability of principal rather than intercalated cells to form cysts, based on a synergism of cAMP and ATP signaling in enhancing apical fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Volke M, Gale DP, Maegdefrau U, Schley G, Klanke B, Bosserhoff AK, Maxwell PH, Eckardt KU, Warnecke C. Evidence for a lack of a direct transcriptional suppression of the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin by hypoxia-inducible factors. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7875. [PMID: 19924283 PMCID: PMC2773926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepcidin is a major regulator of iron metabolism and plays a key role in anemia of chronic disease, reducing intestinal iron uptake and release from body iron stores. Hypoxia and chemical stabilizers of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) have been shown to suppress hepcidin expression. We therefore investigated the role of HIF in hepcidin regulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Hepcidin mRNA was down-regulated in hepatoma cells by chemical HIF stabilizers and iron chelators, respectively. In contrast, the response to hypoxia was variable. The decrease in hepcidin mRNA was not reversed by HIF-1α or HIF-2α knock-down or by depletion of the HIF and iron regulatory protein (IRP) target transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). However, the response of hepcidin to hypoxia and chemical HIF inducers paralleled the regulation of transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2), one of the genes critical to hepcidin expression. Hepcidin expression was also markedly and rapidly decreased by serum deprivation, independent of transferrin-bound iron, and by the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor LY294002, indicating that growth factors are required for hepcidin expression in vitro. Hepcidin promoter constructs mirrored the response of mRNA levels to interleukin-6 and bone morphogenetic proteins, but not consistently to hypoxia or HIF stabilizers, and deletion of the putative HIF binding motifs did not alter the response to different hypoxic stimuli. In mice exposed to carbon monoxide, hypoxia or the chemical HIF inducer N-oxalylglycine, liver hepcidin 1 mRNA was elevated rather than decreased. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these data indicate that hepcidin is neither a direct target of HIF, nor indirectly regulated by HIF through induction of TfR1 expression. Hepcidin mRNA expression in vitro is highly sensitive to the presence of serum factors and PI3 kinase inhibition and parallels TfR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Volke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Gale
- Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Maegdefrau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Klanke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Patrick H. Maxwell
- Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Warnecke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schley G, Höfliger N, Vogt M. Erhöhtes Serumkreatinin ohne erkennbare Nierenerkrankung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:629-31. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1208096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schorn R, Kalicki R, Remschmidt C, Schley G, Höfliger N, Aregger F. Sweet and sour-a patient with life-threatening metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure. NDT Plus 2008; 1:433-436. [PMID: 28657017 PMCID: PMC5477862 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schorn
- Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Kantonsspital Zug
| | - Robert Kalicki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Schley
- Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Kantonsspital Zug
| | | | - Fabienne Aregger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland
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Wagner KD, Wagner N, Wellmann S, Schley G, Bondke A, Theres H, Scholz H. Oxygen-regulated expression of the Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). FASEB J 2003; 17:1364-6. [PMID: 12738801 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1065fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene Wt1 is unique among tumor suppressors because of its requirement for the development of certain organs. We recently described de novo expression of Wt1 in myocardial blood vessels of ischemic rat hearts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanism(s) of hypoxic/ischemic induction of Wt1. We show here that Wt1 mRNA and protein is up-regulated in the heart and kidneys of rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia (8% O2). Ectopic Wt1 immunoreactivity was detected in renal tubules of hypoxic rats, which also expressed the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and contained significantly fewer TUNEL-positive cells than in normoxic kidneys. Wt1 expression was enhanced in the osteosarcoma line U-2OS and in Reh lymphoblast cells that were grown either at 1% O2 or in the presence of CoCl2 and desferrioxamine, respectively. The promoter of the Wt1 gene was capable of mediating expression of a luciferase reporter in response to hypoxia. We identified a hypoxia-responsive element in the Wt1 sequence that bound to hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and was required for activation of the Wt1 promoter by CoCl2 and HIF-1. These findings demonstrate that Wt1 expression can be stimulated by hypoxia, which involves activation of the Wt1 promoter by HIF-1.
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Wagner N, Wagner KD, Schley G, Badiali L, Theres H, Scholz H. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells is associated with reciprocal changes of Bcl-2 and bax. Exp Eye Res 2003; 77:1-9. [PMID: 12823982 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) and related substances have previously been tested in tissue culture and animal models of retinoblastoma for their use as anti-tumor drugs. However, despite of the potential therapeutic value, the molecular mechanisms through which 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) inhibits the growth of retinoblastoma cells are incompletely understood. To elucidate possible signalling pathways for the anti-proliferative action of vitamin D compounds in retinal tumor cells, we analyzed the effect of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and its synthetic analogue KH1060 on the growth of human retinoblastoma-derived Y79 cells. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR in Y79 cells and in tissue specimens of human retinoblastoma. VDR transcripts were confirmed at the protein level by strong immunostaining of solid retinal tumors for VDR. Incubation with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and KH1060 (10(-10)-10(-6)moll(-1)) decreased the number of Y79 cells in a timely and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) (10(-10)moll(-1)) for 24 hr caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/1 phase. Apoptosis of Y79 cells in response to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) was demonstrated by the means of TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labelling (TUNEL), annexin V staining, and detection of DNA fragmentation on agarose gels. 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-induced programmed death of Y79 cells was accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in Bax protein and a reduction in Bcl-2 content. These findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) inhibits the growth of retinoblastoma cells by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-induced programmed death of retinoblastoma cells appears to involve reciprocal changes in Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Tucholskystrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Wagner KD, Wagner N, Schley G, Theres H, Scholz H. The Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 encodes a transcriptional activator of the class IV POU-domain factor Pou4f2 (Brn-3b). Gene 2003; 305:217-23. [PMID: 12609742 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene Wt1 encodes a zinc finger protein, which is required for normal formation of the genitourinary system and mesothelial tissues. Our recent findings indicate that Wt1 also plays a critical role in the development of ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina. Here we show that the POU-domain factor Pou4f2 (formerly Brn-3b), which is necessary for retinal ganglion cell survival, is up-regulated in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells with stable Wt1 expression. Consistent with our previous observations of increased Pou4f2 mRNA in stably Wt1-transfeced HEK293 cells [EMBO J. 21 (2002) 1398], endogenous Pou4f2 was also elevated at the protein level in the HEK293 transfectants as well as in U2OS osteosarcoma cells that expressed an inducible Wt1 isoform. Transient co-transfection of a Wt1 expression construct activated a Pou4f2 promoter-reporter construct approximately 4-fold. Stimulation of the Pou4f2 promoter required a Wt1 binding element that was similar to a degenerative consensus site previously identified in other Wt1 responsive genes. Double-immunofluorescent labeling revealed co-expression of Pou4f2 and Wt1 in glomerular podocytes of adult kidney and in developing retinal ganglion cells of mouse embryos. Pou4f2 immunoreactivity was absent from the retinas of Wt1(-/-) embryos. In conclusion, we identified Pou4f2 as a novel downstream target gene of Wt1. Co-localization of both proteins in glomerular podocytes of the kidney and in developing retinal ganglion cells suggests a role for Wt1-Pou4f2 interaction in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie, Humboldt-Universität, Charité, Tucholskystrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Wagner N, Wagner KD, Schley G, Coupland SE, Heimann H, Grantyn R, Scholz H. The Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 is associated with the differentiation of retinoblastoma cells. Cell Growth Differ 2002; 13:297-305. [PMID: 12133898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated recently that Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (Wt1),in addition to its role in genitourinary formation,is required for the differentiation of ganglion cells in the developing retina. Here we provide further evidence that Wt1 is associated with neuronal differentiation. Thus, the retinoblastoma-derived human cell line, Y-79, contained robust amounts of Wt1 mRNA and protein. Wt1 expression was down-regulated upon laminin-induced differentiation of Y-79 into neuron-like cells. Inhibition of Wt1 with antisense oligonucleotides dramatically reduced the capacity of undifferentiated Y-79 cells to undergo neuronal differentiation, whereas sense and missense oligonucleotides had no effect. Wt1 immunoreactivity was also detected in solid retinoblastomas, in which it resided mainly in areas with moderate proliferative activity. These findings suggest a role for Wt1 in the differentiation of retinoblastoma cells. Furthermore, Wt1 expression in retinoblastoma may reflect the potential of these tumors to initiate the early steps of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie, Humboldt-Universität, Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Wagner KD, Wagner N, Vidal VP, Schley G, Wilhelm D, Schedl A, Englert C, Scholz H. The Wilms' tumor gene Wt1 is required for normal development of the retina. EMBO J 2002; 21:1398-405. [PMID: 11889045 PMCID: PMC125354 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.6.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene Wt1 is known for its important functions during genitourinary and mesothelial formation. Here we show that Wt1 is necessary for neuronal development in the vertebrate retina. Mouse embryos with targeted disruption of Wt1 exhibit remarkably thinner retinas than age-matched wild-type animals. A large fraction of retinal ganglion cells is lost by apoptosis, and the growth of optic nerve fibers is severely disturbed. Strikingly, expression of the class IV POU-domain transcription factor Pou4f2 (formerly Brn-3b), which is critical for the survival of most retinal ganglion cells, is lost in Wt1(-/-) retinas. Forced expression of Wt1 in cultured cells causes an up-regulation of Pou4f2 mRNA. Moreover, the Wt1(-KTS) splice variant can activate a reporter construct carrying 5'-regulatory sequences of the human POU4F2. The lack of Pou4f2 and the ocular defects in Wt1(-/-) embryos are rescued by transgenic expression of a 280 kb yeast artificial chromosome carrying the human WT1 gene. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a continuous requirement for Wt1 in normal retina formation with a critical role in Pou4f2-dependent ganglion cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Valerie P.I. Vidal
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Christoph Englert
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
| | - Holger Scholz
- Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie and Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Developmental Genetics Group, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: University of Newcastle, Human Molecular Genetics Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Present address: EPIDAUROS Biotechnologie AG, Am Neuland 1, D-82347 Bernried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail: K.-D.Wagner and N.Wagner contributed equally to this work
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Abstract
Angioendotheliomatosis proliferans systematisata comprises two different entities; a malignant and benign (reactive) form. The more common malignant form with a fatal prognosis should be termed intravascular or angiotropic lymphoma and is a multifocal systemic disease, which affects especially the small and middle-sized blood vessels of the skin and central nervous system. Reactive angioendotheliomatosis is a benign disease, often associated with an infectious disease (predominantly with subacute bacterial endocarditis). We report a 38-year-old woman with a reactive angioendotheliomatosis and a 68-year-old man diagnosed as having the rare T-cell type of intravascular lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/analysis
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage
- Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prednisolone/therapeutic use
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Terminology as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schley
- Hautklinik Schwerin, Werderstrasse 30, 19049 Schwerin
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Schley G, Wenzel H. [The treatment of bacterial infections with the newer antibiotics]. Med Klin 1981; 76:200-7. [PMID: 6971983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Schley G, Kapp A, Günnewig H, Bock KD. [Follow-up in treated malignant hypertension]. Med Welt 1979; 30:1875-84. [PMID: 548692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Beckmann R, Schley G, Günnewig H. [Management of acute arrhythmias using atenolol in the myocardial-infarct patient]. Med Welt 1978; 29:1697-9. [PMID: 713788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schley G, Beckmann R, Hengstebeck W. [The treatment of acute cardiac dysrhythmias with atenolol (Tenormin) particularly after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. Z Kardiol 1978; 67:280-8. [PMID: 77592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Abendroth RR, Meesmann W, Stephan K, Schley G, Hübner H. [Effects of the beta-blocking agent atenolol on arrhythmias especially ventricular fibrillation and fibrillation threshold after acute experimental coronary artery occlusion (author's transl)]. Z Kardiol 1977; 66:341-50. [PMID: 899134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schley G, Anlauf M, Bock KD. [Oral contraceptives in prophylaxis of acute exacerbations of intermittent porphyria (author's transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1976; 101:1901-7. [PMID: 1001215 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Out of 14 women with acute intermittent porphyria seven were treated for an average of five years with ovulation inhibitors. In another two cases a bilateral surgical oophorectomy and a radiotherapeutic castration were performed. Five untreated women formed the control group. In contrast to the control group there were no further acute exacerbations in the group treated with oral contraceptives. The two patients with oophorectomy and irradiation castration died following multiple acute exacerbations. In four of the women treated with oral contraceptives the development of persistent, and in some cases severe, arterial hypertension was observed. The pathogenesis cannot be explained.
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Schley G, Anlauf M, Bock KD. [Acute intermittent porphyria: report on 17 patients with 49 attacks (author's transl)]. Med Klin 1976; 71:1891-7. [PMID: 995030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In 17 patients (15 women, 2 men) with acute intermittent porphyria in the incidence of 23 clinical symptoms during 49 attacks was calculated. The most frequent symptoms in percentage of attacks were: Red colour of the urine 100%, abdominal pain 92%, tachycardia 88%, hypertension 75%, vomiting 54%, peripheral neuropathy 50%. In 35% of acute attacks a transient normochromic, normocytic anemia developed which is probably due to a disturbance of heme synthesis. Oliguria was found in 25%, azotemia in 12.5% of attacks. 4 patients with an average of 5 preceding acute attacks showed a persistent reduction of renal function during the symptom-free interval, in contrast to 12 patients with an average of 1.7 previous attacks and normal renal function. During the observation period from 1960-1974 3 (= 18%) of the 17 patients died.
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