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Piluso S, Souedet N, Jan C, Hérard AS, Clouchoux C, Delzescaux T. giRAff: an automated atlas segmentation tool adapted to single histological slices. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1230814. [PMID: 38274499 PMCID: PMC10808556 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional histology of the brain remains the gold standard in the analysis of animal models. In most biological studies, standard protocols usually involve producing a limited number of histological slices to be analyzed. These slices are often selected into a specific anatomical region of interest or around a specific pathological lesion. Due to the lack of automated solutions to analyze such single slices, neurobiologists perform the segmentation of anatomical regions manually most of the time. Because the task is long, tedious, and operator-dependent, we propose an automated atlas segmentation method called giRAff, which combines rigid and affine registrations and is suitable for conventional histological protocols involving any number of single slices from a given mouse brain. In particular, the method has been tested on several routine experimental protocols involving different anatomical regions of different sizes and for several brains. For a given set of single slices, the method can automatically identify the corresponding slices in the mouse Allen atlas template with good accuracy and segmentations comparable to those of an expert. This versatile and generic method allows the segmentation of any single slice without additional anatomical context in about 1 min. Basically, our proposed giRAff method is an easy-to-use, rapid, and automated atlas segmentation tool compliant with a wide variety of standard histological protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Piluso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- WITSEE, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Thierry Delzescaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Wu H, Souedet N, Jan C, Clouchoux C, Delzescaux T. A general deep learning framework for neuron instance segmentation based on Efficient UNet and morphological post-processing. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106180. [PMID: 36244305 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of deep learning in medical image analysis, especially in cell instance segmentation, a fundamental step for many biological studies. However, the excellent performance of the neural networks requires training on large, unbiased dataset and annotations, which is labor-intensive and expertise-demanding. This paper presents an end-to-end framework to automatically detect and segment NeuN stained neuronal cells on histological images using only point annotations. Unlike traditional nuclei segmentation with point annotation, we propose using point annotation and binary segmentation to synthesize pixel-level annotations. The synthetic masks are used as the ground truth to train the neural network, a U-Net-like architecture with a state-of-the-art network, EfficientNet, as the encoder. Validation results show the superiority of our model compared to other recent methods. In addition, we investigated multiple post-processing schemes and proposed an original strategy to convert the probability map into segmented instances using ultimate erosion and dynamic reconstruction. This approach is easy to configure and outperforms other classical post-processing techniques. This work aims to develop a robust and efficient framework for analyzing neurons using optical microscopic data, which can be used in preclinical biological studies and, more specifically, in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Code is available at: https://github.com/MIRCen/NeuronInstanceSeg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqian Wu
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Caroline Jan
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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You Z, Jiang M, Shi Z, Zhao M, Shi C, Du S, Hérard AS, Souedet N, Delzescaux T. Multiscale segmentation- and error-guided iterative convolutional neural network for cerebral neuron segmentation in microscopic images. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3541-3552. [PMID: 35855638 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article uses microscopy images obtained from diverse anatomical regions of macaque brain for neuron semantic segmentation. The complex structure of brain, the large intra-class staining intensity difference within neuron class, the small inter-class staining intensity difference between neuron and tissue class, and the unbalanced dataset increase the difficulty of neuron semantic segmentation. To address this problem, we propose a multiscale segmentation- and error-guided iterative convolutional neural network (MSEG-iCNN) to improve the semantic segmentation performance in major anatomical regions of the macaque brain. After evaluating microscopic images from 17 anatomical regions, the semantic segmentation performance of neurons is improved by 10.6%, 4.0%, 1.5%, and 1.2% compared with Random Forest, FCN-8s, U-Net, and UNet++, respectively. Especially for neurons with brighter staining intensity in the anatomical regions such as lateral geniculate, globus pallidus and hypothalamus, the performance is improved by 66.1%, 23.9%, 11.2%, and 6.7%, respectively. Experiments show that our proposed method can efficiently segment neurons with a wide range of staining intensities. The semantic segmentation results are of great significance and can be further used for neuron instance segmentation, morphological analysis and disease diagnosis. Cell segmentation plays a critical role in extracting cerebral information, such as cell counting, cell morphometry and distribution analysis. Accurate automated neuron segmentation is challenging due to the complex structure of brain, the large intra-class staining intensity difference within neuron class, the small inter-class staining intensity difference between neuron and tissue class, and the unbalanced dataset. The proposed multiscale segmentation- and error-guided iterative convolutional neural network (MSEG-iCNN) improve the segmentation performance in 17 major anatomical regions of the macaque brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen You
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.,CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Ming Jiang
- National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenghao Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangli Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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Bouvier C, Souedet N, Levy J, Jan C, You Z, Herard AS, Mergoil G, Rodriguez BH, Clouchoux C, Delzescaux T. Reduced and stable feature sets selection with random forest for neurons segmentation in histological images of macaque brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22973. [PMID: 34836996 PMCID: PMC8626511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In preclinical research, histology images are produced using powerful optical microscopes to digitize entire sections at cell scale. Quantification of stained tissue relies on machine learning driven segmentation. However, such methods require multiple additional information, or features, which are increasing the quantity of data to process. As a result, the quantity of features to deal with represents a drawback to process large series or massive histological images rapidly in a robust manner. Existing feature selection methods can reduce the amount of required information but the selected subsets lack reproducibility. We propose a novel methodology operating on high performance computing (HPC) infrastructures and aiming at finding small and stable sets of features for fast and robust segmentation of high-resolution histological images. This selection has two steps: (1) selection at features families scale (an intermediate pool of features, between spaces and individual features) and (2) feature selection performed on pre-selected features families. We show that the selected sets of features are stables for two different neuron staining. In order to test different configurations, one of these dataset is a mono-subject dataset and the other is a multi-subjects dataset to test different configurations. Furthermore, the feature selection results in a significant reduction of computation time and memory cost. This methodology will allow exhaustive histological studies at a high-resolution scale on HPC infrastructures for both preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bouvier
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Witsee, Paris, France
| | - N Souedet
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Levy
- Service de Médecine Physique Et de Réadaptation - APHP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
- UMR 1179, Handicap Neuromusculaire - INSERM-UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - C Jan
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Z You
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - A-S Herard
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - C Clouchoux
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Witsee, Paris, France
| | - T Delzescaux
- CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Wu H, Souedet N, You Z, Jan C, Clouchoux C, Delzescaux T. Evaluation of Deep Learning Topcoders Method for Neuron Individualization in Histological Macaque Brain Section . Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:2985-2988. [PMID: 34891872 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell individualization has a vital role in digital pathology image analysis. Deep Learning is considered as an efficient tool for instance segmentation tasks, including cell individualization. However, the precision of the Deep Learning model relies on massive unbiased dataset and manual pixel-level annotations, which is labor intensive. Moreover, most applications of Deep Learning have been developed for processing oncological data. To overcome these challenges, i) we established a pipeline to synthesize pixel-level labels with only point annotations provided; ii) we tested an ensemble Deep Learning algorithm to perform cell individualization on neurological data. Results suggest that the proposed method successfully segments neuronal cells in both object-level and pixel-level, with an average detection accuracy of 0.93.
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Piluso S, Souedet N, Jan C, Clouchoux C, Delzescaux T. Automated Atlas-based Segmentation of Single Coronal Mouse Brain Slices using Linear 2D-2D Registration. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:2860-2863. [PMID: 34891844 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A significant challenge for brain histological data analysis is to precisely identify anatomical regions in order to perform accurate local quantifications and evaluate therapeutic solutions. Usually, this task is performed manually, becoming therefore tedious and subjective. Another option is to use automatic or semi-automatic methods, among which segmentation using digital atlases co-registration. However, most available atlases are 3D, whereas digitized histological data are 2D. Methods to perform such 2D-3D segmentation from an atlas are required. This paper proposes a strategy to automatically and accurately segment single 2D coronal slices within a 3D volume of atlas, using linear registration. We validated its robustness and performance using an exploratory approach at whole-brain scale.
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You Z, Jiang M, Shi Z, Ning X, Shi C, Du S, Hérard AS, Jan C, Souedet N, Delzescaux T. Evaluation of automated segmentation algorithms for neurons in macaque cerebral microscopic images. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2311-2324. [PMID: 33908123 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate cerebral neuron segmentation is required before neuron counting and neuron morphological analysis. Numerous algorithms for neuron segmentation have been published, but they are mainly evaluated using limited subsets from a specific anatomical region, targeting neurons of clear contrast and/or neurons with similar staining intensity. It is thus unclear how these algorithms perform on cerebral neurons in diverse anatomical regions. In this article, we introduce and reliably evaluate existing machine learning algorithms using a data set of microscopy images of macaque brain. This data set highlights various anatomical regions (e.g., cortex, caudate, thalamus, claustrum, putamen, hippocampus, subiculum, lateral geniculate, globus pallidus, etc.), poor contrast, and staining intensity differences of neurons. The evaluation was performed using 10 architectures of six classic machine learning algorithms in terms of typical Recall, Precision, F-score, aggregated Jaccard index (AJI), as well as a performance ranking of algorithms. F-score of most of the algorithms is superior to 0.7. Deep learning algorithms facilitate generally higher F-scores. U-net with suitable layer depth has been evaluated to be excellent classifiers with F-score of 0.846 and 0.837 when performing cross validation. The evaluation and analysis indicate the performance gap among algorithms in various anatomical regions and the strengths and limitations of each algorithm. The comparative result highlights at the same time the importance and difficulty of neuron segmentation and provides clues for future improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first comprehensive study for neuron segmentation in such large-scale anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen You
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.,CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ming Jiang
- National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenghao Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ning
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangli Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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You Z, Balbastre Y, Bouvier C, Hérard AS, Gipchtein P, Hantraye P, Jan C, Souedet N, Delzescaux T. Automated Individualization of Size-Varying and Touching Neurons in Macaque Cerebral Microscopic Images. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:98. [PMID: 31920567 PMCID: PMC6929681 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In biomedical research, cell analysis is important to assess physiological and pathophysiological information. Virtual microscopy offers the unique possibility to study the compositions of tissues at a cellular scale. However, images acquired at such high spatial resolution are massive, contain complex information, and are therefore difficult to analyze automatically. In this article, we address the problem of individualization of size-varying and touching neurons in optical microscopy two-dimensional (2-D) images. Our approach is based on a series of processing steps that incorporate increasingly more information. (1) After a step of segmentation of neuron class using a Random Forest classifier, a novel min-max filter is used to enhance neurons' centroids and boundaries, enabling the use of region growing process based on a contour-based model to drive it to neuron boundary and achieve individualization of touching neurons. (2) Taking into account size-varying neurons, an adaptive multiscale procedure aiming at individualizing touching neurons is proposed. This protocol was evaluated in 17 major anatomical regions from three NeuN-stained macaque brain sections presenting diverse and comprehensive neuron densities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrate that the proposed method provides satisfactory results in most regions (e.g., caudate, cortex, subiculum, and putamen) and outperforms a baseline Watershed algorithm. Neuron counts obtained with our method show high correlation with an adapted stereology technique performed by two experts (respectively, 0.983 and 0.975 for the two experts). Neuron diameters obtained with our method ranged between 2 and 28.6 μm, matching values reported in the literature. Further works will aim to evaluate the impact of staining and interindividual variability on our protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen You
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaël Balbastre
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clément Bouvier
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA-CNRS-UMR 9199, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Vandenberghe ME, Souedet N, Hérard AS, Ayral AM, Letronne F, Balbastre Y, Sadouni E, Hantraye P, Dhenain M, Frouin F, Lambert JC, Delzescaux T. Voxel-Based Statistical Analysis of 3D Immunostained Tissue Imaging. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:754. [PMID: 30498427 PMCID: PMC6250035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed techniques to visualize immunostained tissues in 3D and in large samples have expanded the scope of microscopic investigations at the level of the whole brain. Here, we propose to adapt voxel-based statistical analysis to 3D high-resolution images of the immunostained rodent brain. The proposed approach was first validated with a simulation dataset with known cluster locations. Then, it was applied to characterize the effect of ADAM30, a gene involved in the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. This work introduces voxel-based analysis of 3D immunostained microscopic brain images and, therefore, opens the door to localized whole-brain exploratory investigation of pathological markers and cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel E. Vandenberghe
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Marie Ayral
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de LilleUniversité Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Florent Letronne
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de LilleUniversité Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Yaël Balbastre
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elmahdi Sadouni
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédérique Frouin
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire in vivo (IMIV UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud - ERL 9218 CNRS)Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de LilleUniversité Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA, DRF, Institut François JacobMolecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay UniversityUMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Balbastre Y, Rivière D, Souedet N, Fischer C, Hérard AS, Williams S, Vandenberghe ME, Flament J, Aron-Badin R, Hantraye P, Mangin JF, Delzescaux T. Primatologist: A modular segmentation pipeline for macaque brain morphometry. Neuroimage 2017; 162:306-321. [PMID: 28899745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Because they bridge the genetic gap between rodents and humans, non-human primates (NHPs) play a major role in therapy development and evaluation for neurological disorders. However, translational research success from NHPs to patients requires an accurate phenotyping of the models. In patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with automated segmentation methods has offered the unique opportunity to assess in vivo brain morphological changes. Meanwhile, specific challenges caused by brain size and high field contrasts make existing algorithms hard to use routinely in NHPs. To tackle this issue, we propose a complete pipeline, Primatologist, for multi-region segmentation. Tissue segmentation is based on a modular statistical model that includes random field regularization, bias correction and denoising and is optimized by expectation-maximization. To deal with the broad variety of structures with different relaxing times at 7 T, images are segmented into 17 anatomical classes, including subcortical regions. Pre-processing steps insure a good initialization of the parameters and thus the robustness of the pipeline. It is validated on 10 T2-weighted MRIs of healthy macaque brains. Classification scores are compared with those of a non-linear atlas registration, and the impact of each module on classification scores is thoroughly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaël Balbastre
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UNATI, NeuroSpin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, DRF, CEA, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Rivière
- UNATI, NeuroSpin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, DRF, CEA, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- UNATI, NeuroSpin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, DRF, CEA, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Susannah Williams
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel E Vandenberghe
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; US27, INSERM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romina Aron-Badin
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; US27, INSERM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- UNATI, NeuroSpin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, DRF, CEA, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- UMR9199, CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; MIRCen, Institut de biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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11
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Vandenberghe ME, Balbastre Y, Souedet N, Hérard AS, Dhenain M, Frouin F, Delzescaux T. Robust supervised segmentation of neuropathology whole-slide microscopy images. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:3851-4. [PMID: 26737134 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by brain pathological aggregates such as Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles which trigger neuroinflammation and participate to neuronal loss. Quantification of these pathological markers on histological sections is widely performed to study the disease and to evaluate new therapies. However, segmentation of neuropathology images presents difficulties inherent to histology (presence of debris, tissue folding, non-specific staining) as well as specific challenges (sparse staining, irregular shape of the lesions). Here, we present a supervised classification approach for the robust pixel-level classification of large neuropathology whole slide images. We propose a weighted form of Random Forest in order to fit nonlinear decision boundaries that take into account class imbalance. Both color and texture descriptors were used as predictors and model selection was performed via a leave-one-image-out cross-validation scheme. Our method showed superior results compared to the current state of the art method when applied to the segmentation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a human brain sample. Furthermore, using parallel computing, our approach easily scales-up to large gigabyte-sized images. To show this, we segmented a whole brain histology dataset of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. This demonstrates our method relevance as a routine tool for whole slide microscopy images analysis in clinical and preclinical research settings.
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12
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Letronne F, Laumet G, Ayral AM, Chapuis J, Demiautte F, Laga M, Vandenberghe ME, Malmanche N, Leroux F, Eysert F, Sottejeau Y, Chami L, Flaig A, Bauer C, Dourlen P, Lesaffre M, Delay C, Huot L, Dumont J, Werkmeister E, Lafont F, Mendes T, Hansmannel F, Dermaut B, Deprez B, Hérard AS, Dhenain M, Souedet N, Pasquier F, Tulasne D, Berr C, Hauw JJ, Lemoine Y, Amouyel P, Mann D, Déprez R, Checler F, Hot D, Delzescaux T, Gevaert K, Lambert JC. ADAM30 Downregulates APP-Linked Defects Through Cathepsin D Activation in Alzheimer's Disease. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:278-292. [PMID: 27333034 PMCID: PMC4972530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several ADAMs (A disintegrin-like and metalloproteases) have been shown to contribute to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, the full spectrum of metalloproteases involved in this metabolism remains to be established. Transcriptomic analyses centred on metalloprotease genes unraveled a 50% decrease in ADAM30 expression that inversely correlates with amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease brains. Accordingly, in vitro down- or up-regulation of ADAM30 expression triggered an increase/decrease in Aβ peptides levels whereas expression of a biologically inactive ADAM30 (ADAM30(mut)) did not affect Aβ secretion. Proteomics/cell-based experiments showed that ADAM30-dependent regulation of APP metabolism required both cathepsin D (CTSD) activation and APP sorting to lysosomes. Accordingly, in Alzheimer-like transgenic mice, neuronal ADAM30 over-expression lowered Aβ42 secretion in neuron primary cultures, soluble Aβ42 and amyloid plaque load levels in the brain and concomitantly enhanced CTSD activity and finally rescued long term potentiation alterations. Our data thus indicate that lowering ADAM30 expression may favor Aβ production, thereby contributing to Alzheimer's disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Letronne
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Ayral
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathias Laga
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel E Vandenberghe
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Fanny Eysert
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Yoann Sottejeau
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Linda Chami
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Bauer
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Pierre Dourlen
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Lesaffre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Delay
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Tiago Mendes
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- INSERM, U954, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy, Université Henri Poincaré 1, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bart Dermaut
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171, - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F-59000 Lille, France; CHR&U, Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM, U1061, Université de Montpellier I, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hauw
- APHP-Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Laboratory, la salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lemoine
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; CHR&U, Lille, France
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Rebecca Déprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - David Hot
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France.
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Jouy C, Souedet N, Thenadey D, Hantraye P, Aron Badin R. Welfare and research: automatic cognitive testing in social groups in macaques in the laboratory. primatologie 2013. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cohen ME, Pellot-Barakat C, Tacchella JM, Lefort M, De Cesare A, Lebenberg J, Souedet N, Lucidarme O, Delzescaux T, Frouin F. Quantitative evaluation of rigid and elastic registrations for abdominal perfusion imaging with X-ray computed tomography. Ing Rech Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vandenberghe M, Hérard A, Souedet N, Philippe H, Dhenain M, Delzescaux T. IC‐P‐042: Automated quantification of amyloid load using an atlas‐based analysis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Vandenberghe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Fontenay‐aux‐Roses France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Hérard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Fontenay‐aux‐Roses France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Fontenay‐aux‐Roses France
| | - Hantraye Philippe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Fontenay‐aux‐Roses France
| | | | - Thierry Delzescaux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Fontenay‐aux‐Roses France
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Delzescaux T, Lebenberg J, Raguet H, Hantraye P, Souedet N, Gregoire MC. Segmentation of small animal PET/CT mouse brain scans using an MRI-based 3D digital atlas. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010:3097-100. [PMID: 21095743 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The work reported in this paper aimed at developing and testing an automated method to calculate the biodistribution of a specific PET tracer in mouse brain PET/CT images using an MRI-based 3D digital atlas. Surface-based registration strategy and affine transformation estimation were considered. Such an approach allowed overcoming the lack of anatomical information in the inner regions of PET/CT brain scans. Promising results were obtained in one mouse (on two scans) and will be extended to a neuroinflammation mouse model to characterize the pathology and its evolution. Major improvements are expected regarding automation, time computation, robustness and reproducibility of mouse brain segmentation. Due to its generic implementation, this method could be successfully applied to PET/CT brain scans of other species (rat, primate) for which 3D digital atlases are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Delzescaux
- Medical Image Research Center (MIRCen), URA CEACNRS 2210, CEA-DSV-I2BM, 18 route du Panorama BP6, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France.
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Romain B, Lucidarme O, Dauguet J, Mulé S, Souedet N, Chenoune Y, Guibal A, Delzescaux T, Frouin F. Registration and functional analysis of CT dynamic image sequences for the follow-up of patients with hepatic tumors undergoing antiangiogenic therapy. Ing Rech Biomed 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Hérard A, Dubois A, Souedet N, Delatour B, Hantraye P, Dhenain M, Delzescaux T. IC‐P‐008: Alterations of brain glucose metabolism in aged APP/PS1 mice: An original voxel‐based statistical analysis using BrainRAT and SPM. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA‐MIRCen‐CNRS URA 2210Fontenay‐Aux‐Roses‐France
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