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Mallick I, Panchal P, Kadam S, Mohite P, Scheele J, Seiz W, Agarwal A, Sharma OP. In-silico identification and prioritization of therapeutic targets of asthma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15706. [PMID: 37735578 PMCID: PMC10514284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a "common chronic disorder that affects the lungs causing variable and recurring symptoms like repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and underlying inflammation. The interaction of these features of asthma determines the clinical manifestations and severity of asthma and the response to treatment" [cited from: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert Panel 3 Report. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma 2007 (EPR-3). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7232/ (accessed on January 3, 2023)]. As per the WHO, 262 million people were affected by asthma in 2019 that leads to 455,000 deaths ( https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma ). In this current study, our aim was to evaluate thousands of scientific documents and asthma associated omics datasets to identify the most crucial therapeutic target for experimental validation. We leveraged the proprietary tool Ontosight® Discover to annotate asthma associated genes and proteins. Additionally, we also collected and evaluated asthma related patient datasets through bioinformatics and machine learning based approaches to identify most suitable targets. Identified targets were further evaluated based on the various biological parameters to scrutinize their candidature for the ideal therapeutic target. We identified 7237 molecular targets from published scientific documents, 2932 targets from genomic structured databases and 7690 dysregulated genes from the transcriptomics and 560 targets from genomics mutational analysis. In total, 18,419 targets from all the desperate sources were analyzed and evaluated though our approach to identify most promising targets in asthma. Our study revealed IL-13 as one of the most important targets for asthma with approved drugs on the market currently. TNF, VEGFA and IL-18 were the other top targets identified to be explored for therapeutic benefit in asthma but need further clinical testing. HMOX1, ITGAM, DDX58, SFTPD and ADAM17 were the top novel targets identified for asthma which needs to be validated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mallick
- Innoplexus Consulting Pvt. Ltd, 7th Floor, Midas Tower, Next to STPI Building, Phase 1, Hinjewadi Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Pradnya Panchal
- Innoplexus Consulting Pvt. Ltd, 7th Floor, Midas Tower, Next to STPI Building, Phase 1, Hinjewadi Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Smita Kadam
- Innoplexus Consulting Pvt. Ltd, 7th Floor, Midas Tower, Next to STPI Building, Phase 1, Hinjewadi Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Priyanka Mohite
- Innoplexus Consulting Pvt. Ltd, 7th Floor, Midas Tower, Next to STPI Building, Phase 1, Hinjewadi Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
| | - Jürgen Scheele
- Innoplexus AG, Frankfurter Str. 27, 65760, Eschborn, Germany
| | - Werner Seiz
- Innoplexus AG, Frankfurter Str. 27, 65760, Eschborn, Germany
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Innoplexus Consulting Pvt. Ltd, 7th Floor, Midas Tower, Next to STPI Building, Phase 1, Hinjewadi Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India
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Patel R, Verma P, Nagraj AK, Gavade A, Sharma OP, Patil J. Significance of antibody numbering systems in the development of antibody engineering. Hum Antibodies 2023; 31:71-80. [PMID: 38217590 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become increasingly popular in recent years for treating a variety of diseases including inflammatory, neurological, oncological, and auto-immune disorders. The significant interest in antibody development is due to the high binding affinity and specificity of an antibody against a specific antigen. Recent advances in antibody engineering have provided a different view on how to engineer antibodies in silico for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In order to improve the clinical utility of therapeutic antibodies, it is of paramount importance to understand the various molecular properties which impact antigen targeting and its potency. In antibody engineering, antibody numbering (AbN) systems play an important role to identify the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and the framework regions (FR). Hence, it is crucial to accurately define and understand the CDR, FR and the crucial residues of heavy and light chains that aid in the binding of the antibody to the antigenic site. Detailed understanding of amino acids positions are useful for modifying the binding affinity, specificity, physicochemical features, and half-life of an antibody. In this review, we have summarized the different antibody numbering systems that are widely used in antibody engineering and highlighted their significance. Here, we have systematically explored and mentioned the various tools and servers that harness different AbN systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Patel
- Innoplexus Consulting Services Pvt Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratibha Verma
- Innoplexus Consulting Services Pvt Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Akshata Gavade
- Innoplexus Consulting Services Pvt Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Jaspal Patil
- Innoplexus Consulting Services Pvt Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma OP. Tuberculosis in elderly persons. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69 Suppl 2:S196-S197. [PMID: 36400507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O P Sharma
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
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Tamilselvan T, Sharma OP. Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network Based Early Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases using Electrocardiogram Signals for Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/55951.17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is important for early diagnosis of heart abnormalities. Type 2 diabetic individuals’ ECG signals provide pertinent data about their heart and are one of the most important diagnostic techniques used by doctors to identify Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifies the features linked to normal and abnormal stage ECG signal. Aim: To analyse ECG signals of type 2 diabetic patients for early prediction of CVDs using feature extraction and bidirectional RNN based classification. Materials and Methods: This was a secondary data-based modelling study at Shri Ramasamy Memorial University Sikkim, India from December 2020 to January 2022. Different noises were removed by hybrid preprocessing filter made up of a Median and Savitzky-Golay filter. Undecimated Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (UDTCWT) along with Detrended fluctuation (DA) analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis were then used to extract features. These features were classified with Bidirectional RNN. Results: The proposed method was tested on the MIT-BIH, Physionet and DICARDIA databases, and the findings showed that it achieves an average accuracy of 97.6% when compared to the conventional techniques. Conclusion: The proposed method proves to be the most effective way for detecting anomalies in ECG signals in both the early and pathological stages. This method is also effective to diagnose the early intervention of cardiovascular symptoms.
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Shankar PS, Korukonda K, Bendre S, Behera D, Mirchandani L, Awad NT, Prasad R, Bhargava S, Sharma OP, Jindal SK. Diagnoses and management of adult cough: An Indian Environmental Medical Association (EMA) position paper. Respir Med 2020; 168:105949. [PMID: 32469706 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is a common yet distressing symptom that results in significant health care costs from outpatient visits and related consultations. OBJECTIVE The understanding of the pathobiology of cough in recent times has undergone an evolution with Cough hypersensitivity syndrome (CHS) being suggested in most cases of dry cough. However, in the case of productive cough, ancillary mechanisms including impaired Mucociliary clearance, in addition to hypermucosecretory bronchospastic conditions of Smoker's cough, asthma-COPD overlap, bronchiectasis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, need to be critically addressed while optimizing patient care with symptomatic therapy in outpatient settings of India. METHODS In this review, evidence-based graded recommendations on use of antitussives - & protussives as a Position Paper were developed based on the Level and Quality of Scientific evidence as per Agency for Health Care and Quality (AHRQ) criteria listing and Expert opinions offered by a multidisciplinary EMA panel in India. RESULTS Management of acute or chronic cough involves addressing common issues of environmental exposures and patient concerns before instituting supportive therapy with antitussives or bronchodilatory cough formulations containing mucoactives, anti-inflammatory, or short-acting beta-2 agonist agents. CONCLUSION The analyses provides a real world approach to the management of acute or chronic cough in various clinical conditions with pro- or antitussive agents while avoiding their misuse in empirical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Shankar
- Emeritus Professor of Medicine, & Senior CEO, KBN Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - S Bendre
- Respiratory Medicine, Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - D Behera
- Respiratory Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - L Mirchandani
- Respiratory Medicine, KJ Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - N T Awad
- Respiratory Medicine, LT M Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - R Prasad
- Director Medical Education & Head Pulm Med, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - S Bhargava
- Respiratory Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Indore, MP, India
| | - O P Sharma
- National Professor of Geriatrics, Secretary: Geriatric Society of India, Delhi, India
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Patel V, Sharma OP, Mehta TA. Impact of Process Parameters on Particle Size Involved in Media Milling Technique Used for Preparing Clotrimazole Nanocrystals for the Management of Cutaneous Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:175. [PMID: 31028492 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotrimazole is widely used for the management of cutaneous candidiasis infection. The low solubility of clotrimazole and excipient-related topical side effects (of currently available marketed products) cause the compromised efficacy of the therapy with poor patient compliance. In the present investigation, a clotrimazole nanocrystal-based nanogel was developed. Clotrimazole nanocrystals were optimized with studying the impact of individual process parameters of the media milling technique. The optimum level of individual process parameters was considered in the development of optimized batches. A promising result was obtained with a non-ionic stabilizer, polysorbate 80, at a concentration of 1.5%w/v, showing a distinct reduction in the particle size from above 31 μm to 264 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.211 with media milling at 1500 rpm for 6 h. This result was found to be in concordance with the TEM images, revealing a sharp diminution in particle morphology. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed crystallinity of clotrimazole (CTZ) in nanocrystal form. The optimized nanocrystal suspension was formulated into nanogel with carbopol 934, having a viscosity of 86.43 ± 2.06 Pa s at 25°C, which enhanced the ease of application of CTZ nanocrystals topically. A diffusion study showed around 82% of CTZ is transported across the membrane with the flux of 110.07 μg cm-2 h-1. In vivo results of the nanogel revealed improvement in CTZ release with 52% CTZ retention in different strata of the skin. The developed nanogel showed a significant improvement in the eradication of fungal infection within 10 days of application over Candida albicans-induced Wistar rat model. In a nutshell, the CTZ nanocrystal-loaded nanogel could achieve the goal of retaining CTZ in skin layers providing a prolonged effect and was able to treat cutaneous candidiasis in a short span with improved compliance for the candidiasis patients.
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Vaishya R, Sharma OP. Prevent falls in older adults. Apollo Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_42_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin is an important route of drug delivery for the treatment of various dermatological conditions. The advent of nanotechnology is paving the roadmaps for topical drug delivery by providing sustained release as well as maintaining a localized effect, outweighing the toxicity concern. AREAS COVERED This review highlighted the morphology of skin, its barrier nature as well as drug penetration pathways after topical application of formulations. The existing methods to improve topical drug delivery, by infringing or permeating the skin barriers, are discussed. This context concretes the foundation to accentuate the need for the development of nanocrystal-based topical formulation. The mechanism of drug release, immediate as well as sustained release, after topical administration of drug nanocrystals is also elaborated. The special emphasis is given on the breakthrough achieved, in topical drug delivery using drug nanocrystals, so far in the plethora of literature, patents, and products, under clinical trial as well as in the market. EXPERT OPINION The current research on nanocrystals for topical drug delivery is highlighting the breakthroughs achieved so far. The output of these research envisages that topical nanocrystals based formulations can be a novel strategy for the drugs which are facing solubility, bioavailability and toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- b Pharmaceutical Technology Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
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Everard M, Sharma OP, Vishwakarma VK, Khandal D, Sahu YK, Bhatnagar R, Singh JK, Kumar R, Nawab A, Kumar A, Kumar V, Kashyap A, Pandey DN, Pinder AC. Assessing the feasibility of integrating ecosystem-based with engineered water resource governance and management for water security in semi-arid landscapes: A case study in the Banas catchment, Rajasthan, India. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:1249-1265. [PMID: 28892868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of the developing world and areas of the developed world suffer water vulnerability. Engineering solutions enable technically efficient extraction and diversion of water towards areas of demand but, without rebalancing resource regeneration, can generate multiple adverse ecological and human consequences. The Banas River, Rajasthan (India), has been extensively developed for water diversion, particularly from the Bisalpur Dam from which water is appropriated by powerful urban constituencies dispossessing local people. Coincidentally, abandonment of traditional management, including groundwater recharge practices, is leading to increasingly receding and contaminated groundwater. This creates linked vulnerabilities for rural communities, irrigation schemes, urban users, dependent ecosystems and the multiple ecosystem services that they provide, compounded by climate change and population growth. This paper addresses vulnerabilities created by fragmented policy measures between rural development, urban and irrigation water supply and downstream consequences for people and wildlife. Perpetuating narrowly technocentric approaches to resource exploitation is likely only to compound emerging problems. Alternatively, restoration or innovation of groundwater recharge practices, particularly in the upper catchment, can represent a proven, ecosystem-based approach to resource regeneration with linked beneficial socio-ecological benefits. Hybridising an ecosystem-based approach with engineered methods can simultaneously increase the security of rural livelihoods, piped urban and irrigation supplies, and the vitality of river ecosystems and their services to beneficiaries. A renewed policy focus on local-scale water recharge practices balancing water extraction technologies is consistent with emerging Rajasthani policies, particularly Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan ('water self-reliance mission'). Policy reform emphasising recharge can contribute to water security and yield socio-economic outcomes through a systemic understanding of how the water system functions, and by connecting goals and budgets across multiple, currently fragmented policy areas. The underpinning principles of this necessary paradigm shift are proven and have wider geographic relevance, though context-specific research is required to underpin robust policy and practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Everard
- University of the West of England (UWE), Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Wells for India, 1139, Hiran Magri, Sector No 4, Udaipur 313002, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Civil Engineering, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. 302 026, Ajmer Rd, Mahapura, Rajasthan 302026, India.
| | - Dharmendra Khandal
- Tiger Watch, Maa Farm, Sherpur Khiljipur, District Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan 322 001, India.
| | - Yogesh K Sahu
- Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan 322 001, India.
| | - Rahul Bhatnagar
- Forest Department, Van Bhawan, Opp. Mohta Park, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313-001, India.
| | - Jitendra K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineer, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. 302 026, Ajmer Rd, Mahapura, Rajasthan 302026, India.
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Wetlands International - South Asia, A-25, Second Floor, Defence Colony, New Delhi 110024, India.
| | - Asghar Nawab
- Biodiversity, Rivers, Wetlands and Water Policy, WWF-India, 172-B, Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. 302 026, Ajmer Rd, Mahapura, Rajasthan 302026, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Anil Kashyap
- University of the West of England (UWE), Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Deep Narayan Pandey
- Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Rajasthan), Aranya Bhawan, Jhalana Institutional Area, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Adrian C Pinder
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK; Mahseer Trust, c/o The Freshwater Biological Association, East Stoke River Laboratory, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, United Kingdom Director of Research, Mahseer Trust, Bournemouth University, UK.
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Abstract
The complexity of the structure and nature of the eye emanates a challenge for drug delivery to formulation scientists. Lower bioavailability concern of conventional ocular formulation provokes the interest of researchers in the development of novel drug delivery system. Nanotechnology-based formulations have been extensively investigated and found propitious in improving bioavailability of drugs by overcoming ocular barriers prevailing in the eye. The advent of nanocrystals helped in combating the problem of poorly soluble drugs specifically for oral and parenteral drug delivery and led to development of various marketed products. Nanocrystal-based formulations explored for ocular drug delivery have been found successful in achieving increase in retention time, bioavailability, and permeability of drugs across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we have highlighted the ocular physiology and barriers in drug delivery. A comparative analysis of various nanotechnology-based ocular formulations is done with their pros and cons. Consideration is also given to various methods of preparation of nanocrystals with their patented technology. This article highlights the success achieved in conquering various challenges of ocular delivery by the use of nanocrystals while emphasizing on its advantages and application for ocular formulation. The perspectives of nanocrystals as an emerging flipside to explore the frontiers of ocular drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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Ashraf M, Priyavadhana S, Sambandam SN, Mounasamy V, Sharma OP. Total Knee Arthroplasty In Patients With Parkinson's Disease- A Critical Analysis of Available Evidence. Open Orthop J 2017; 11:1087-1093. [PMID: 29152001 PMCID: PMC5676002 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001711011087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In this era of modern medicine, there is an increase in life expectancy and thereby an ageing population. Among this group one of the most common neurological disorder is Parkinson disease and one of the most common operation done in elderly population is a total joint arthroplasty. But total joint arthroplasty in Parkinson disease is a relatively uncommon entity. There is sparse literature available with regards to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Parkinson disease. This review focusses on the necessity, complications and previous experiences on TKA in PD based on the literature available. Method: The review was conducted after a series of advanced search in the following medical databases; Pub med, Biomed central, Cochrane and Google scholar for articles related to total knee replacement in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The following keywords were used; Total knee arthroplasty, Parkinson’s disease, Hoehn and Yahr, Flexion Contracture. Results: The review indicates that the functional outcome is comparable to that of controls in immediate post-operative phase, one year and three-year phase, but the long term functional outcome seems to deteriorate significantly. Conclusion: Total knee arthroplasty can serve as an effective tool in alleviating pain in short term as well as long term periods, whereas the functional outcome seems to deteriorate post operatively on a long-term basis. Nevertheless, TKA in PD is a challenging situation, thereby necessitating a holistic approach with the efforts from various specialists needed at each stage to ensure a successful operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munis Ashraf
- Department of Orthopaedics, K.G. Hospital and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Arts College Road, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Senthil Nathan Sambandam
- Department of Orthopaedics, K.G. Hospital and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Arts College Road, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varatharaj Mounasamy
- VCU Medical Center Ambulatory Care Center, 417 North 11th Street, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Orthopedic surgeon Essentia Health St.Mary's Detroit Lakes Clinic, Minnesota, USA
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Ashraf M, Sharma OP, Priyavadhana S, Sambandam SN, Mounasamy V. Rationale of Cruciate Retaining Design in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of Clinical Analysis and its Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Open Orthop J 2017; 11:1023-1027. [PMID: 29114338 PMCID: PMC5646171 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001711011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the years, proponents of total knee designs (cruciate retaining and posterior stabilised) have conducted several long-term
studies to claim the potential of these designs in several subsets of patients. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has also been one such domain where numerous studies were conducted in the past.
A general perception among majority of arthroplasty surgeons is that, posterior stabilised (PS) is the implanted design
of choice among patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, with the available literature there is a significant
disparity related to the selection of implants in patients with rheumatoid RA. In this review of literature, an attempt is made
to identify the clinical performance and role of one such implant design, the cruciate retaining (CR) prosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The review was conducted after a series of advanced search in the following medical databases; Pub med, Biomed central, Cochrane
and Google scholar for articles related to long term follow up studies of cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid
arthritis using the keywords cruciate retaining prosthesis, total knee arthroplasty, rheumatoid arthritis. Results: The
available data demonstrate that the CR design is attributed with an excellent long term survivorship and functional outcome even in
follow up studies up to twenty-five years. Conclusion: The advantages of using a CR design are long term survivorship, controlled
femoral roll back and preservation of bone stock. Thus, the data gathered in this review lead to a consideration that the CR design is an implant
design on par with PS design in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munis Ashraf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, KG Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, KG Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sruthi Priyavadhana
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, KG Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Nathan Sambandam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, KG Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varatharaj Mounasamy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, KG Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sinha VK, Sharma OP, Kumar MS. Insight into the intermolecular recognition mechanism involved in complement component 4 activation through serine protease-trypsin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:575-589. [PMID: 28132614 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1288658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease cleaved-complement component 4 (C4) at sessile loop, which is significant for completion of lectin and classical complement pathways at the time of infections. The co-crystalized structure of C4 with Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) provided the structural and functional aspects of its interaction and underlined the C4 activation by MASP2. The same study also revealed the significance of complement control protein (CCP) domain through mutational study, where mutated CCP domain led to the inhibition of C4 activation. However, the interaction of trypsin serine domain with C4α sessile loop revealed another aspect of C4 activation. The human C4 cleavage by Trypsin (Tryp) in a control manner was explored but not yet revealed the identification of cleaved fragments. Hence, the present study investigated the Tryp mediated C4 activation using computational approach (protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation) by comparing with the co-crystalized structure of C4-MASP2. Docking result identified the crucial interacting residues Gly219, Gln178, and Asn102 of Tryp catalytic pocket which were interacting with Arg756 and Glu759 (sessile loop) of α-Chain (C4) in a similar manner to C4-MASP2 co-crystallized complex. Moreover, MD simulation results and mutational study underlined the conformational rearrangements in the C4 due to the Tryp interaction. Comparative analysis of C4 alone, C4-Tryp, and C4-MASP2 revealed the impact of Tryp on C4 was similar as MASP2. These studies designate the role of sessile loop in the interaction with serine domain, which could be useful to understand the various interactions of C4 with other complement components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Kumar Sinha
- a Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , R V Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry , India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- a Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , R V Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry , India
| | - Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
- a Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , R V Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry , India
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Gupta S, Arora V, Sharma OP, Satyanarayana L, Gupta AK. Prevalence & pattern of respiratory diseases including Tuberculosis in elderly in Ghaziabad - Delhi - NCR. Indian J Tuberc 2016; 63:236-241. [PMID: 27998495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elderly population is continuously increasing all over the world including India. Old age is associated with significant prevalence of chronic illnesses. Population based study to find prevalence & pattern of respiratory diseases in elderly in India is difficult to find. Present study was done in an urban locality of Ghaziabad inhabited mainly by low socio - economic status population. Two part questionnaire was used as main tool. Through part one 1522 elderly were screened for respiratory disease. Respiratory disease was confirmed & diagnosed by part two of questionnaire, physical examination & necessary investigations. Prevalence of respiratory diseases was 18.8% in this study. Prevalence of respiratory diseases was almost double in elderly males as compared to females. COPD was most prevalent respiratory disease followed by Bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonisha Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, India.
| | | | - O P Sharma
- Geriatric Society of India, K-49, 2nd Floor, Green Park Main, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Atul Kumar Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, India
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Sharma OP, Patel V, Mehta T. Design of experiment approach in development of febuxostat nanocrystal: Application of Soluplus® as stabilizer. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sharma OP, Kumar MS. Essential proteins and possible therapeutic targets of Wolbachia endosymbiont and development of FiloBase--a comprehensive drug target database for Lymphatic filariasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19842. [PMID: 26806463 PMCID: PMC4726333 DOI: 10.1038/srep19842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (Lf) is one of the oldest and most debilitating tropical diseases. Millions of people are suffering from this prevalent disease. It is estimated to infect over 120 million people in at least 80 nations of the world through the tropical and subtropical regions. More than one billion people are in danger of getting affected with this life-threatening disease. Several studies were suggested its emerging limitations and resistance towards the available drugs and therapeutic targets for Lf. Therefore, better medicine and drug targets are in demand. We took an initiative to identify the essential proteins of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia malayi, which are indispensable for their survival and non-homologous to human host proteins. In this current study, we have used proteome subtractive approach to screen the possible therapeutic targets for wBm. In addition, numerous literatures were mined in the hunt for potential drug targets, drugs, epitopes, crystal structures, and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences for filarial causing nematodes. Data obtained from our study were presented in a user friendly database named FiloBase. We hope that information stored in this database may be used for further research and drug development process against filariasis. URL: http://filobase.bicpu.edu.in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Shah N, Sharma OP, Mehta T, Amin A. Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:825-35. [PMID: 27019195 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1082581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. Stability study of optimized formulation was performed for 6 months as per ICH guidelines. RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Shah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Avani Amin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Sharma OP, Hari Krishna K, Suresh Kumar M. Probing the Structural and Conformational Stability of the Wb-iPGM Enzyme and Role of Mn2+ Ions in Their Catalytic Site. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Sharma OP, Sharma M. Vaccines for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:19-24. [PMID: 26562959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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21
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Sharma OP, Shah MV, Parikh DC, Mehta TA. Formulation optimization of gastroretentive drug delivery system for allopurinol using experimental design. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:513-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.944861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Banavath HN, Sharma OP, Kumar MS, Baskaran R. Identification of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors for drug resistant T315I mutant BCR-ABL: a virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations study. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6948. [PMID: 25382104 PMCID: PMC4225644 DOI: 10.1038/srep06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and is a proven target for drug development. Currently available drugs in the market are effective against CML; however, side-effects and drug-resistant mutations in BCR-ABL limit their full potential. Using high throughput virtual screening approach, we have screened several small molecule databases and docked against wild-type and drug resistant T315I mutant BCR-ABL. Drugs that are currently available, such as imatinib and ponatinib, were also docked against BCR-ABL protein to set a cutoff value for our screening. Selected lead compounds were further evaluated for chemical reactivity employing density functional theory approach, all selected ligands shows HLG value > 0.09900 and the binding free energy between protein-ligand complex interactions obtained was rescored using MM-GBSA. The selected compounds showed least ΔG score -71.53 KJ/mol to maximum -126.71 KJ/mol in both wild type and drug resistant T315I mutant BCR-ABL. Following which, the stability of the docking complexes were evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation (MD) using GROMACS4.5.5. Results uncovered seven lead molecules, designated with Drug-Bank and PubChem ids as DB07107, DB06977, ST013616, DB04200, ST007180 ST019342, and DB01172, which shows docking scores higher than imatinib and ponatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Naick Banavath
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University-India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University-India
| | | | - R Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University-India
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Abstract
Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception is an unusual long term complication of gastro-jejunostomy or Billroth-II reconstruction. Acute and chronic forms have been well recognised with the acute form being fatal without timely surgical intervention. The imaging findings are diagnostic, and an established emergency imaging protocol would be very useful for clinical decision making, as the clinical features are usually ambiguous. We present the systematic imaging description in a case of retrograde (type II) jejunogastric intussusception with strangulation following gastric bypass procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | - Saurabh Gaharwar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
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Masilamani R, Sharma OP, Muthuvel SK, Natarajan S. Cloning, expression of b-1,3-1,4 glucanase from Bacillus subtilis SU40 and the effect of calcium ion on the stability of recombinant enzyme: in vitro and in silico analysis. Bioinformation 2013; 9:958-62. [PMID: 24391357 PMCID: PMC3867647 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new glucanolytic bacterial strain, SU40 was isolated, and identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence
homology and phylogenetic tree analysis. The gene encoding β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was delineated, cloned into pET 28a+ vector and
heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant enzyme was about 24 kDa. The enzyme
exhibited maximum activity (36.84 U/ml) at 60°C, pH 8.0 and maintained 54% activity at 80°C after incubation for 60 min. The
enzyme showed activity against β-glucan, lichenan, and xylan. Amino acid sequence shared a conserved motif EIDIEF. The
predicted three-dimensional homology model of the enzyme showed the presence of catalytic residues Glu105, Glu109 and
Asp107, single disulphide bridge between Cys32 and Cys61 and three calcium binding site residues Pro9, Gly45 and Asp207.
Presence of calcium ion improves the thermal stability of SU40 β-1,3-1,4-glucanase. Molecular dynamics simulation studies
revealed that the absence of calcium ion fluctuate the active site residues which are responsible for thermostability. The high
catalytic activity and its stability to temperature, pH and metal ions indicated that the enzyme β-1,3-1,4-glucanase by B. subtilis
SU40 is a good candidate for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Masilamani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Muthuvel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sakthivel Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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Sharma OP, Vadlamudi Y, Kota AG, Sinha VK, Kumar MS. Drug targets for lymphatic filariasis: a bioinformatics approach. J Vector Borne Dis 2013; 50:155-162. [PMID: 24220073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the current scenario of the national and international burden due to lymphatic filariasis (LF) and describes the active elimination programmes for LF and their achievements to eradicate this most debilitating disease from the earth. Since, bioinformatics is a rapidly growing field of biological study, and it has an increasingly significant role in various fields of biology. We have reviewed its leading involvement in the filarial research using different approaches of bioinformatics and have summarized available existing drugs and their targets to re-examine and to keep away from the resisting conditions. Moreover, some of the novel drug targets have been assembled for further study to design fresh and better pharmacological therapeutics. Various bioinformatics-based web resources, and databases have been discussed, which may enrich the filarial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Das AA, Sharma OP, Kumar MS, Krishna R, Mathur PP. PepBind: a comprehensive database and computational tool for analysis of protein-peptide interactions. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2013; 11:241-6. [PMID: 23896518 PMCID: PMC4357787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-peptide interactions, where one partner is a globular protein (domain) and the other is a flexible linear peptide, are key components of cellular processes predominantly in signaling and regulatory networks, hence are prime targets for drug design. To derive the details of the protein-peptide interaction mechanism is often a cumbersome task, though it can be made easier with the availability of specific databases and tools. The Peptide Binding Protein Database (PepBind) is a curated and searchable repository of the structures, sequences and experimental observations of 3100 protein-peptide complexes. The web interface contains a computational tool, protein inter-chain interaction (PICI), for computing several types of weak or strong interactions at the protein-peptide interaction interface and visualizing the identified interactions between residues in Jmol viewer. This initial database release focuses on providing protein-peptide interface information along with structure and sequence information for protein-peptide complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Structures in PepBind are classified based on their cellular activity. More than 40% of the structures in the database are found to be involved in different regulatory pathways and nearly 20% in the immune system. These data indicate the importance of protein-peptide complexes in the regulation of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Atanu Das
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Ismail AM, Sharma OP, Kumar MS, Eapen CE, Kannangai R, Abraham P. Virological response and antiviral resistance mutations in chronic hepatitis B subjects experiencing entecavir therapy: An Indian subcontinent perspective. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jadhav A, Ezhilarasan V, Prakash Sharma O, Pan A. Clostridium-DT(DB): a comprehensive database for potential drug targets of Clostridium difficile. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:362-7. [PMID: 23415847 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is considered to be one of the most important causes of health care-associated infections currently. The prevalence and severity of C. difficile infection have increased significantly worldwide in the past decade which has led to the increased research interest. Here, using comparative genomics strategy coupled with bioinformatics tools we have identified potential drug targets in C. difficile and determined their three-dimensional structures in order to develop a database, named Clostridium-DT(DB). Currently, the database comprises the potential drug targets with their structural information from three strains of C. difficile, namely hypervirulent PCR-ribotype 027 strain R20291, PCR-ribotype 012 strain 630, and PCR-ribotype 027 strain CD196.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Jadhav
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
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Ismail AM, Sharma OP, Kumar MS, Kannangai R, Abraham P. Impact of rtI233V mutation in hepatitis B virus polymerase protein and adefovir efficacy: Homology modeling and molecular docking studies. Bioinformation 2013; 9:121-5. [PMID: 23423477 PMCID: PMC3569598 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adefovir is an adenosine analogue approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Mutations occurring in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (rt) domains are shown to confer resistance to antiviral drugs. The role of the rtI233V mutation and adefovir resistance remains contradictory. In this study, it was attempted to evaluate the impact of putative rtI233V substitution on adefovir action by homology modeling and docking studies. The HBVrt nucleotide sequence containing rtI233V mutation was obtained from the treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B subject. The three dimensional model of HBV polymerase/rt was constructed using the HIV-1rt template (PDB code: 1RTD A) and the model was evaluated by the Ramachandran plot. Autodock was employed to dock the HBV polymerase/rt and adefovir. The modelled structure showed the amino acid rtI233 to be located away from the drug interactory site. The substitution of isoleucine to valine did not appear to affect the catalytic sites of the protein. In addition, it does not alter the conformation of bent structure formed by residues 235 to 240 that stabilizes the binding of dNTPs. Therefore, it was predicted that rtI233V substitution may not independently affect the antiviral action of adefovir and incoming dNTP binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre of excellence in Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry -605 014, India
| | - Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
- Centre of excellence in Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry -605 014, India
| | - Rajesh Kannangai
- Departments of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- Departments of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakash J, Takhellambam B, Ghosh B, Choudhury TA, Singh S, Sharma OP. Subclavian artery- internal jugular vein fistula and heart failure: complication of internal jugular vein catheterization. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:142-144. [PMID: 24471256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requires vascular access which can be either temporary or permanent. However, these procedures are not without complications. Arterial puncture is the most common immediate complication and pseudoaneurysm formation is the most common late sequel of internal jugular venous catheterization (IJVC). However, arterio-venous fistula (AVF) formatiorn following IJVC is rare. We are reporting a case of AVF formation between subclavian artery (SCA) and internal jugular vein (IJV) following IJVC which later on leads to the development of cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Brojen Takhellambam
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Tauhidul Alam Choudhury
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh
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Abstract
This article describes a case of severe metallosis in a 67-year-old woman who initially underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with a ceramic-on-ceramic articular bearing. This was subsequently revised to a metal-on-polyethylene articulation due to ceramic liner fracture. She presented with severe hip pain and a pelvic mass. Infective workup was negative. Perforation of the cobalt-chrome femoral head was observed intraoperatively. In addition, signs of extensive metallosis, including embedded ceramic debris from the primary procedure, were observed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a ceramic fracture that led to cobalt-chrome femoral head perforation after subsequent revision total hip arthroplasty. The patient underwent successful revision surgery with a ceramic-on-ceramic coupling. Ceramic materials are increasingly being used in total hip arthroplasty in younger patients. They have excellent tribological properties. However, they also have a lower elasticity and plasticity, which makes them susceptible to sudden material failure. Ceramic fracture is an uncommon yet problematic complication of total hip arthroplasty. Previous authors have reported the importance of performing thorough synovectomy following ceramic liner fracture. Revision surgery using couplings that have a lower hardness, such as metal-on-polyethylene, are best avoided due to their susceptibility to undergo abrasive wear from remaining ceramic particles. The authors advocate revision with ceramic-on-ceramic couplings after ceramic liner fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Ste 476A, M5G lX5 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Dornala S, Sharma OP. OA01. 35. Role of matravasti as rasayana in jarajanya vikara - A clinical study. Anc Sci Life 2012. [PMCID: PMC3800913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To prove whether Matravasti shows multiple effects on different systems in old people and to substantiate the effects of Matravasti and Rasayana on clinical basis in ageing. Method: Eighty two patients - Men of age group 50 - 80 years; Women aged above 45 years or who have attained Menopause and <75 years suffering from common problems of old age irrespective of sex, caste, religion etc. were registered for the study from the OPD of MCD Ayurvedic Dispensary, Krishna Nagar, Delhi and OPD and IPD of PG Dept. of Panchakarma, Madhav vilas hospital, Jaipur. Out of which, 16 patients dropped out did not complete treatment. Matravasti was administered for 21 times with Balashwagandha lakshadi (BAL) Taila on alternate days with a dosage 30 - 80 ml accordingly. After completion of 21 days of Matravasti, all the patients were reviewed for successive 6 months. All the cases were assessed by considering 15 different aspects reflecting the common problems of ageing like Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) etc., Result: The overall effect and maximum benefit observed was FAIR (25 % - 50 %) in 38 cases out of 66 patients. GOOD response (51 - 75 % response) in 26 cases and remaining 2 cases Best response (>75%). And the maximum benefit observed among all the cases is 81.8 % and the least effect was 25 %. Among all clinical parameters considered for the study maximum efficacy was found in sleep disturbances (67.5%) followed with gait balance deficit (56.25%), emotional status (55.1%), urinary incontinence (55%), Mobility (53.96 %), IADL (51.3%), ADL(50.8%), constipation (49.5%), cognitive status (48.78%), pain (48.14%), dyspnoea (47.25%), hearing impairment (42.5%), visual impairment (41.8%), dermatological manifestations (41.17%), and involuntary movements (22.2%). Conclusion: Matravasti is a multifaceted and highly effective therapeutic measure in the geriatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayana Dornala
- Vaidya Scientist Fellow; Senior Medical Officer, East Delhi Municipal Corporation, India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Panchakarma, RDM Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Bhopal, MP, India
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Makkar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur (H. P.)-176 061, India
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Sharma OP, Vadlamudi Y, Liao Q, Strodel B, Suresh Kumar M. Molecular modeling, dynamics, and an insight into the structural inhibition of cofactor independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform 1 from Wuchereria bancrofti using cheminformatics and mutational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 31:765-78. [PMID: 22908983 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.709460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. They exist in two unrelated forms, that is either cofactor (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) dependent or cofactor-independent. These two enzymes have no similarity in amino acid sequence, tertiary structure, and in catalytic mechanism. Wuchereria bancrofti (WB) contains the cofactor-independent form, whereas other organisms can possess the dependent form or both. Since, independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) is an essential gene for the survival of nematodes, and it has no sequence or structural similarity to the cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase found in mammals, it represents an attractive drug target for the filarial nematodes. In this current study, a putative cofactor-iPGM gene was identified in the protein sequence of the WB. In the absence of crystal structure, a three-dimensional structure was determined using the homology modeling approximation, and the most stable protein conformation was identified through the molecular dynamics simulation studies, using GROMACS 4.5. Further, the functional or characteristic residues were identified through the sequence analysis, potential inhibitors were short-listed and validated, and potential inhibitors were ranked using the cheminformatics and molecular dynamics simulations studies, Prime MM-GBSA approach, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
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Bhatnagar AR, Singh DP, Sharma R, Sharma OP, Sharma S, Gupta S, Kumbhaj P. A comparative study of monoclonal antibody against EGFR (nimotuzumab) used in combination with chemoradiation versus chemoradiation alone in the treatment of locally advanced inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16012 Background: To determine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of concurrent Nimotuzumab (monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor) used in combination with chemoradiation versus chemoradiation (CRT) alone in advanced inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods: 56 patients were randomly assigned to either of the two treatment arms, nimotuzumab + CRT arm and CRT alone arm. Both arms received concurrent cisplatin 30 mg/m2 repeated weekly for 6-7 cycles along with external beam radiotherapy 64-70 Gy (200cGy/day for 5 days a week for 6-7 weeks). Nimotuzumab arm additionally received nimotuzumab 200 mg weekly for 6-7 cycles. The patients were followed for 6 months after completion of CRT. The study end points were tumor response evaluation according to the RECIST Criteria version 1.1 and safety analysis using RTOG Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. Patients were evaluated weekly with hematologic tests and for adverse events like mucositis and dermatitis during the CRT. Tumor assessment was performed with clinical and endoscopic methods regularly during the CRT and then at 1 month, 3 month and 6 month interval after CRT. One MR imaging was done before starting the CRT to evaluate the baseline tumor characteristics and another was done after the completion of CRT either at 3 months or 6 months or at both the intervals. Results: 25 patients each were evaluable in both the arms who completed the 6 months study. The overall response rate (complete response + partial response) was 96% in Nimotuzumab + CRT arm whereas it was only 72% in CRT alone arm after 6 months of completion of CRT, which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0206 by chi square test). Additionally, nimotuzumab did not potentiate toxicities of CRT and there was no significant difference in the acute radiation mucositis, dermatitis or hematological toxicities in both the groups (p-value>>0.05). Conclusions: Nimotuzumab can be safely added to the standard CRT treatment for advanced inoperable SCCHN, to achieve better tumor response without potentiating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Rai Bhatnagar
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Dharam Pal Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Rameshwaram Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Shantanu Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Prashant Kumbhaj
- Department of Radiotherapy & Clinical Oncology, S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
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Sharma PN, Katoch A, Sharma P, Sharma SK, Sharma OP. First Report on Association of Colletotrichum coccodes with Chili Anthracnose in India. Plant Dis 2011; 95:1584. [PMID: 30731988 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-11-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important condiment and cash crop grown throughout India, including Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamilnadu, and Himachal Pradesh. In Himachal Pradesh (HP), a northwestern Himalayan state of India, chilies including sweet pepper occupy an area of 2,447 ha with total production of approximately 31,810 t and productivity of 13.00 t per hectare. In 2007 and 2008, chili- and sweet pepper-growing areas of HP were surveyed for the prevalence of fruit rot/anthracnose disease caused by a complex of Colletotrichum species. Fields infested with disease were randomly sampled and four samples from each location were collected. Disease incidence ranged from 12.5 to 45.0% based on total plants assessed in the field. Symptoms of disease in the field included light brown, sunken lesions containing salmon-colored masses of conidia and microsclerotia on the fruit. Microscopic examination of the diseased samples revealed a variation in morphology of spores from two isolates (Cc 70 and Cc 74) collected from two locations in HP, the Kotkhai area of district Shimla and Shamsher (Ani) locality of district Kullu. Five fruits and ten leaves from five plants of a susceptible local variety were inoculated with a suspension of 5 × 105 conidia/ml of isolates Cc70 and Cc74 using a pin prick method as described by Montri et al. (2). The inoculated fruits and leaves were kept in humid chambers at 25 ± 1°C with 12 h of light. After 48 h, the fruits and leaves were observed daily for the appearance of disease symptoms. Disease symptoms were similar to those of natural infections but with darker lesions. The fungus was recovered from infected fruit on Mathur's medium (glucose 2.80 g, peptone 2.00 g, magnesium sulfate hydrated 1.72 g, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate 1.23 g, and agar 1.50 g/liter) and initially produced white-to-gray mycelia that became dark brown with age. Setae were present along with production of microsclerotia by the tenth day of culturing. A daily average growth of 8.1 mm was recorded on potato dextrose agar at 25 ± 1°C. Conidia were hyaline, unicellular, aseptate, and fusiform abruptly tapering to each end, and 15.5 to 19.6 μm long and 4.2 to 5.3 μm wide. The fungus was identified as Colletotrichum coccodes based on morphological and cultural traits as per the descriptions of Junior et al. (1). The identity of the isolates was confirmed by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 (3). The sequences (550 bp) were subjected to a BLAST search with the isolates showing the highest identity to GenBank Accession Nos. GU935878 and EF017205. The sequences have been submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. HQ264175 and HQ264176). Very few reports exist about the natural occurrence of C. coccodes on Capsicum spp. around the world. To our knowledge, this current report constitutes the first record of this pathogen on Capsicum spp. from the Indian subcontinent. References: (1). H. J. T. Junior et al. Summa Phytopathol. Botucatu 33:418, 2007. (2). P Montri et al. Plant Dis. 93:17, 2009. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Sharma
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur-176062 (HP) India
| | - A Katoch
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur-176062 (HP) India
| | - P Sharma
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur-176062 (HP) India
| | - S K Sharma
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur-176062 (HP) India
| | - O P Sharma
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur-176062 (HP) India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the thrust areas in drug delivery research is transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) due to their characteristic advantages over oral and parenteral drug delivery systems. Researchers have focused their attention on the use of microneedles to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum. Microneedles deliver the drug into the epidermis without disruption of nerve endings. Recent advances in the development of microneedles are discussed in this review for the benefit of young scientists and to promote research in the area. KEY FINDINGS Microneedles are fabricated using a microelectromechanical system employing silicon, metals, polymers or polysaccharides. Solid coated microneedles can be used to pierce the superficial skin layer followed by delivery of the drug. Advances in microneedle research led to development of dissolvable/degradable and hollow microneedles to deliver drugs at a higher dose and to engineer drug release. Iontophoresis, sonophoresis and electrophoresis can be used to modify drug delivery when used in concern with hollow microneedles. Microneedles can be used to deliver macromolecules such as insulin, growth hormones, immunobiologicals, proteins and peptides. Microneedles containing 'cosmeceuticals' are currently available to treat acne, pigmentation, scars and wrinkles, as well as for skin tone improvement. SUMMARY Literature survey and patents filled revealed that microneedle-based drug delivery system can be explored as a potential tool for the delivery of a variety of macromolecules that are not effectively delivered by conventional transdermal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital H Bariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Sharma OP, Shanmugam S. Fahr’s Disease: Report of Two Cases. Asian J Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of Fahr’s disease (one female and one male) are reported here. One is young and symptomatic with neuropsychiatric disturbances. The second case is old and asymptomatic, detected incidentally on CT scan when he presented with cerebrovascular accident. Both of them had intracranial calcifications in bilateral basal ganglia and cerebral hemispheres. CT scan helped in establishing the diagnosis. Key Words: Fahr’s disease; Fahr’s syndrome; Bilateral striopallido dentate calcifications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3207 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 120-123
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Abstract
Viral Protein Database is an interactive database for three dimensional viral proteins. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive resource to the community of
structural virology, with an emphasis on the description of derived data from structural biology. Currently, VPDB includes ˜1,670 viral protein structures from
>277 viruses with more than 465 virus strains. The whole database can be easily accessed through the user convenience text search. Interactivity has been
enhanced by using Jmol, WebMol and Strap to visualize the viral protein molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Sharma OP, Shanmugam S. Fetus in Fetu (Pre-surgical dilemma: Review of literature and a case report). Asian J Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetus in fetu is an extremely rare developmental anomaly, due to disorganised embryogenesis in a diamniotic monochorionic pregnancy. Approximately 87 reports have been documented in the literature to date. We describe such an entity in two months old boy, who presented with abdominal distension and features of obstruction. Plain X ray abdomen and CT scan helped in correct pre operative diagnosis. The literature on this rare entity is reviewed, and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of the disease are discussed. Key Words: Fetus in fetu; CT scan; Teratoma; Axial skeleton; Diamniotic monochorionic twins DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3208 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 68-71
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Sharma OP, Senthil S, Sharma G. Fahr's syndrome: report of two cases. J Indian Med Assoc 2010; 108:776-777. [PMID: 21510578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two cases (one female and one male) of Fahr's syndrome are reported here. Both of them had neuropsychiatric disturbances and intracranial calcifications in bilateral basal ganglia and cerebral hemispheres. CT scan helped in establishing the diagnosis. Both of them were treated with antipsychotic drugs and responded to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
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Baydur A, Alavy B, Nawathe A, Liu S, Louie S, Sharma OP. Fatigue and plasma cytokine concentrations at rest and during exercise in patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Respir J 2010; 5:156-64. [PMID: 21679351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2010.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sarcoidosis exhibit exercise intolerance-related fatigue and increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines at rest. Exercise may result in increased plasma cytokine levels (PCLs) in healthy adults, but such a relationship has not been studied in sarcoidosis patients. OBJECTIVES To assess relationship of fatigue in sarcoidosis with PCLs at rest and with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). METHODS We assessed lung function, CPET data, multidimensional fatigue inventory, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations before, immediately after, and 4-6 h following CPET in 22 sarcoidosis patients (13 receiving immunomodulatory drugs) and 22 controls. RESULTS Patients exhibited greater fatigue, reduced cardiorespiratory function, higher Medical Research Council (MRC) scores and higher plasma TNF-α concentrations than controls at all times. Plasma IL-1β levels did not differ between cohorts. Patients exhibited a 28% increase (statistically not significant) in TNF-α level immediately post exercise. Plasma IL-β concentrations did not change among cohorts. Treated patients exhibited higher MRC and physical fatigue scores and lower breathing reserve, but no differences in cardiorespiratory function or PCLs compared to untreated patients. In treated patients, pre-exercise plasma IL-1β correlated with physical fatigue, reduced motivation and total fatigue; TNF-α levels only correlated with general fatigue score. CONCLUSION Treated sarcoidosis patients exhibit a relation between physical fatigue, reduced motivation and total fatigue and pre-exercise plasma IL-1β concentrations. Acute exercise does not increase PCLs. Whether the reduced MRC score and physical fatigue in treated patients is related to the therapy or to the underlying inflammatory process is difficult to determine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Baydur
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sharma OP, Chan K. Treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a practical guide. BioDrugs 2010; 12:251-65. [PMID: 18031180 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-199912040-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
More than a century ago, Jonathan Hutchingson, a surgeon-dermatologist, identified the first case of sarcoidosis at King's College, London. The disease is now known as a commonplace multi-system disorder characterised by the formation of noncaseating granulomata. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is established by recognising clinicoradiological findings and providing histological evidence of noncaseating granuloma. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels are high in about two-thirds of the patients and hypercalcaemia is a feature in 1 of every 10 patients with sarcoidosis. Immunological abnormalities include depression of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity, hyperactive B cells and the presence of circulating immune complexes. The course and prognosis of the disease usually correlate with the mode of onset. An acute onset with erythema nodosum indicates a good prognosis and spontaneous resolution, whereas an insidious onset may be followed by relentless, progressive fibrosis. Mortality and morbidity are caused by pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, neurological involvement and blindness. Corticosteroids and choloroquine relieve symptoms and suppress inflammation and granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Sharma OP, Shanmugam S. Left sided Superior Vena cava: (A case report and review of literature). Asian J Med Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A male child aged about one and half year old was referred to the department of Radio diagnosis for CT vena cavography after he was examined on 2 Dimensional echocardiography which revealed the diagnosis of Fallot's tetralogy. On CT scan besides the confirmation of presence of Tetralogy, there was an abnormal finding of left sided superior vena cava, an uncommon association. A male child aged about one and half year old was referred to the department of Radio diagnosis for CT vena cavography after he was examined on 2- dimensional echocardiography which revealed the diagnosis of Fallot's tetralogy. On CT scan besides the confirmation of presence of Tetralogy, there was an abnormal finding of left sided superior vena cava, an uncommon association.Keywords: Persistent left superior vena cava; 64 slice CT; developmental malformation DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2508Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.18-19
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Keck C, Khan SA, Rommerts FF, Spiteri-Grech J, Sharma OP, Nieschlag E. The stimulation of rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis by human ovarian steroidogenesis-inducing protein (SIP) may not require endogenous cAMP. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 101:94-100. [PMID: 8405145 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently a protein from ovarian follicular fluid was isolated which stimulates steroid production in different cells (Khan et al., 1990). The present study was performed to further characterize the short term effects of this steroidogensis-inducing protein (SIP) on steroid production in isolated rat Leydig cells and to compare the effects with LH/hCG and LHRH. SIP stimulated testosterone production in a dose-dependent manner. In Leydig cells isolated from adult rats the degree of stimulation was much higher than that obtained with hCG, dibutyryl cAMP (db cAMP) or LHRH. Moreover, the stimulated steroid production in the presence of hCG or db cAMP was further enhanced by SIP. The time courses of hCG and SIP action on testosterone production were comparable and maximal stimulation of steroid production was obtained within one hour. In contrast to hCG, SIP did not stimulate cAMP production. An antagonist of LHRH action was unable to block the effects of SIP on Leydig cells indicating that SIP does not act via LHRH receptors. Neither SIP nor LH could further stimulate the steroid production in the presence of 22-R-OH-cholesterol, illustrating that both stimulators control the availability of cholesterol as substrate. An inhibitor of mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage (CSCC), aminoglutethemide, completely blocked the stimulatory effects of SIP and LH/hCG. Thus the effects of SIP on steroid production are not the result of conversion of contaminating steroids in the SIP-preparation. SIP and LH/hCG actions were also blocked when the cells were incubated in the presence of cycloheximide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keck
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine University, Münster/F. R. Germany
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Sharma OP, Papanikolaou IC. Lupus pernio: a tale of four characters in search of a malady. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2009; 26:167-171. [PMID: 20560298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Sharma OP, Tomar VP. Retraction syndrome of Duane associated with myasthenia gravis. Acta Ophthalmol 2009; 47:1021-5. [PMID: 5394835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1969.tb03726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sharma OP, Shigemitsu H. A historical sketch; life and time of Jonathan Hutchinson (1828-1913), the first sarcoidologist. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2008; 25:71-75. [PMID: 19382526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the years preceding and following the turn of the 19th century several publications appeared independently that drew attention to what is now regarded as sarcoidosis. The first recorded and illustrated example is attributed to Jonathan Hutchinson of London. It appeared in Illustrations of Clinical Surgery (1877).
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Afshar K, Engelfried K, Sharma OP. Sarcoidosis: a rare cause of Kleine-Levine-Critchley syndrome. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2008; 25:60-63. [PMID: 19070262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic sarcoidosis is a rare entity that can alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and induce various combinations of endocrine changes. We present a case of neurosarcoidosis with uncommon features of hypersomnolense and hyperphagia. Current strategies to increase awareness and prevention of the harmful effects of obesity require clinicians to be cognizant of potential disorders that produce these features The mechanism, differential diagnosis and therapeutic options of this organic etiology are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Afshar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Room 11900, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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