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Sahafi A, Wang Y, Rasmussen CLM, Bollen P, Baatrup G, Blanes-Vidal V, Herp J, Nadimi ES. Edge artificial intelligence wireless video capsule endoscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13723. [PMID: 35962014 PMCID: PMC9374669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, including colorectal cancer, which has shown a rising incidence among adults younger than 50. Although this could be alleviated by regular screening, only a small percentage of those at risk are screened comprehensively, due to shortcomings in accuracy and patient acceptance. To address these challenges, we designed an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered wireless video endoscopic capsule that surpasses the performance of the existing solutions by featuring, among others: (1) real-time image processing using onboard deep neural networks (DNN), (2) enhanced visualization of the mucous layer by deploying both white-light and narrow-band imaging, (3) on-the-go task modification and DNN update using over-the-air-programming and (4) bi-directional communication with patient's personal electronic devices to report important findings. We tested our solution in an in vivo setting, by administrating our endoscopic capsule to a pig under general anesthesia. All novel features, successfully implemented on a single platform, were validated. Our study lays the groundwork for clinically implementing a new generation of endoscopic capsules, which will significantly improve early diagnosis of upper and lower GI tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahafi
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Y Wang
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C L M Rasmussen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - G Baatrup
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - V Blanes-Vidal
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Center for Clinical Artificial Intelligence (CAI-X), Odense, Denmark
| | - J Herp
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Center for Clinical Artificial Intelligence (CAI-X), Odense, Denmark
| | - E S Nadimi
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Danish Center for Clinical Artificial Intelligence (CAI-X), Odense, Denmark.
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Prabha RD, Ding M, Bollen P, Ditzel N, Varma HK, Nair PD, Kassem M. Strontium ion reinforced bioceramic scaffold for load bearing bone regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 109:110427. [PMID: 32228983 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects in load bearing areas require bone reconstruction with strong biomaterial having mechanical characteristics like cortical bone. Bioceramics are biomaterials that support bone formation as well as provide adequate mechanical properties. A strontium substitution of the bioceramic is expected to further increase its bioactivity by enhancing osteogenesis and protect the bone from osteoclastic resorption. The study involves development, characterization and in vivo testing of a newly developed strontium substituted hydroxyapatite based bioceramic scaffold (SrHAB) with sufficient biomechanical properties. Optimal concentration of strontium ion required for enhanced osteogenic differentiation was identified by comparing three compositions of SrHAB scaffold; namely Sr10HAB, Sr30HAB and Sr50 HAB for their Alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro. The selected Sr10HAB scaffold demonstrated in vivo bone formation with osteogenic differentiation of stromal derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human and ovine sources in ectopic and ovine models. Thus, Sr10HAB scaffold has a potential for application in load bearing bone requirements of orthopaedics and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Prabha
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Orthodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - P Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - N Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H K Varma
- Bioceramic Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
| | - P D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
| | - M Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nissen LS, Hunter J, Schrøder HD, Rütz K, Bollen P. Adhesions, infl ammatory response and foreign body giant cells infi ltration of the topical hemostats TachoSil®, Hemopatch™ and Veriset™ – An Animal Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/2455-2968.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oo HN, Hone S, Fujita M, Maw-Naing A, Boonto K, Jacobs M, Phyu S, Bollen P, Cheung J, Aung H, Aung Sang MT, Myat Soe A, Pendse R, Murphy E. Evolution of the health sector response to HIV in Myanmar: progress, challenges and the way forward. J Virus Erad 2016; 2:20-26. [PMID: 28275446 PMCID: PMC5337409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical building blocks for the response to HIV were made until 2012 despite a series of political, social and financial challenges. A rapid increase of HIV service coverage was observed from 2012 to 2015 through collaborative efforts of government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Government facilities, in particular, demonstrated their capacity to expand services for antiretroviral therapy (ART), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, tuberculosis and HIV co-infection and methadone-maintenance therapy (MMT). After nearly three decades into the response to HIV, Myanmar has adopted strategies to provide the right interventions to the right people in the right places to maximise impact and cost efficiency. In particular, the country is now using strategic information to classify areas into high-, medium- and low-HIV burden and risk of new infections for geographical prioritisation - as HIV remains concentrated among key population (KP) groups in specific geographical areas. Ways forward include: •Addressing structural barriers for KP to access services, and identifying and targeting KPs at higher risk;•Strengthening the network of public facilities, NGOs and general practitioners and introducing a case management approach to assist KPs and other clients with unknown HIV status, HIV-negative clients and newly diagnosed clients to access the health services across the continuum to increase the number of people testing for HIV and to reduce loss to follow-up in both prevention and treatment;•Increasing the availability of HIV testing and counselling services for KPs, clients of female sex workers (FSW), and other populations at risk, and raising the demand for timely testing including expansion of outreach and client-initiated voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services;•Monitoring and maximising retention from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation and expanding quality HIV laboratory services, especially viral load;•Prioritising integration of HIV and related services in high-burden areas;•Increasing the proportion of PLHIV receiving testing and treatment at public facilities by improving human resources and increasing public facilities providing these services to ensure sustainability;•Obtaining intelligence and tailoring services in hard-to-reach/under-served areas;•Strengthening planning, monitoring, and coordination capacity especially at regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htun Nyunt Oo
- National AIDS Program, Department of Public Health,
Ministry of Health and Sports,
Myanmar
| | - San Hone
- National AIDS Program, Department of Public Health,
Ministry of Health and Sports,
Myanmar
| | - Masami Fujita
- World Health Organization,
Country Office for Myanmar,Corresponding author: Masami Fujita,
No. 2, Pyay Road, (7 Mile), Mayangone Township,
Yangon11061,
Myanmar
| | - Amaya Maw-Naing
- Formerly World Health Organization,
Regional Office for South-East Asia
| | | | | | - Sabe Phyu
- United Nations Joint Programme for HIV/AIDS,
Myanmar
| | | | | | - Htin Aung
- World Health Organization,
Country Office for Myanmar
| | | | - Aye Myat Soe
- World Health Organization,
Country Office for Myanmar
| | - Razia Pendse
- World Health Organization,
Regional Office for South-East Asia
| | - Eamonn Murphy
- United Nations Joint Programme for HIV/AIDS,
Myanmar
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Oo HN, Hone S, Fujita M, Maw-Naing A, Boonto K, Jacobs M, Phyu S, Bollen P, Cheung J, Aung H, Aung Sang MT, Myat Soe A, Pendse R, Murphy E. Evolution of the health sector response to HIV in Myanmar: progress, challenges and the way forward. J Virus Erad 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Fujita M, Poudel KC, Green K, Wi T, Abeyewickreme I, Ghidinelli M, Kato M, Vun MC, Sopheap S, San KO, Bollen P, Rai KK, Dahal A, Bhandari D, Boas P, Yaipupu J, Sirinirund P, Saonuam P, Duong BD, Nhan DT, Thu NTM, Jimba M. HIV service delivery models towards 'Zero AIDS-related Deaths': a collaborative case study of 6 Asia and Pacific countries. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:176. [PMID: 25902708 PMCID: PMC4421992 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Asia-Pacific region, limited systematic assessment has been conducted on HIV service delivery models. Applying an analytical framework of the continuum of prevention and care, this study aimed to assess HIV service deliveries in six Asia and Pacific countries from the perspective of service availability, linking approaches and performance monitoring for maximizing HIV case detection and retention. METHODS Each country formed a review team that provided published and unpublished information from the national HIV program. Four types of continuum were examined: (i) service linkages between key population outreach and HIV diagnosis (vertical-community continuum); (ii) chronic care provision across HIV diagnosis and treatment (chronological continuum); (iii) linkages between HIV and other health services (horizontal continuum); and (iv) comprehensive care sites coordinating care provision (hub and heart of continuum). RESULTS Regarding the vertical-community continuum, all districts had voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) in all countries except for Myanmar and Vietnam. In these two countries, limited VCT availability was a constraint for referring key populations reached. All countries monitored HIV testing coverage among key populations. Concerning the chronological continuum, the proportion of districts/townships having antiretroviral treatment (ART) was less than 70% except in Thailand, posing a barrier for accessing pre-ART/ART care. Mechanisms for providing chronic care and monitoring retention were less developed for VCT/pre-ART process compared to ART process in all countries. On the horizontal continuum, the availability of HIV testing for tuberculosis patients and pregnant women was limited and there were sub-optimal linkages between tuberculosis, antenatal care and HIV services except for Cambodia and Thailand. These two countries indicated higher HIV testing coverage than other countries. Regarding hub and heart of continuum, all countries had comprehensive care sites with different degrees of community involvement. CONCLUSIONS The analytical framework was useful to identify similarities and considerable variations in service availability and linking approaches across the countries. The study findings would help each country critically adapt and adopt global recommendations on HIV service decentralization, linkages and integration. Especially, the findings would inform cross-fertilization among the countries and national HIV program reviews to determine county-specific measures for maximizing HIV case detection and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Fujita
- World Health Organization Cambodia, P.O. Box 1217, , No. 177-179 Pasteur (St.51), Sangkat Chak Tomouk, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Krishna C Poudel
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA.
| | | | - Teodora Wi
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Iyanthi Abeyewickreme
- Formerly World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Massimo Ghidinelli
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Mean Chhi Vun
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Seng Sopheap
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Khin Ohnmar San
- Formerly National AIDS Program, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- National Center for AIDS and STD Control, Ministry of Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Atul Dahal
- World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | - Peniel Boas
- STI, HIV and AIDS Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
| | | | - Petchsri Sirinirund
- National AIDS Management Center, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pairoj Saonuam
- National AIDS Management Center, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Bui Duc Duong
- Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Do Thi Nhan
- Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Toft P, Schmidt R, Broechner AC, Nielsen BU, Bollen P, Olsen KE. Effect of plasmapheresis on the immune system in endotoxin-induced sepsis. Blood Purif 2008; 26:145-50. [PMID: 18212497 DOI: 10.1159/000113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that plasmapheresis is most effective when applied early in Gram-negative sepsis. We therefore studied the effect of early plasmapheresis on immunity in experimental Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced sepsis. METHODS 20 pigs received 30 microg/kg of E. coli endotoxin. 40 min later, half of the pigs were treated with plasmapheresis which lasted 4 h. The adhesion molecules, the oxidative burst, the number of neutrophils in blood and lungs, and cytokines were measured. RESULTS Infusion of endotoxin was associated with activation of adhesion molecules increased oxidative burst, increased concentration of cytokine, and accumulation of granulocytes in lung tissue. Plasmapheresis reduced the oxidative burst, and there was a tendency towards a reduced accumulation of granulocytes in the lung. CONCLUSION Though plasmapheresis was initiated early after the endotoxin infusion, it only temporarily attenuated a part of the activated cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Toft
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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8
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Toft P, Nilsen BU, Bollen P, Lillevang S, Olsen KE, Brøchner AC, Larsen NH. The impact of long-term haemofiltration (continuous veno-venous haemofiltration) on cell-mediated immunity during endotoxaemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:679-86. [PMID: 17567268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased survival with high-volume continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) has been demonstrated in critically ill patients. This may be the result of intensified blood purification or an effect on the immune system. We hypothesized that CVVH modifies the cell-mediated immunity. We investigated the effect of high-volume CVVH for 24 h on the cell-mediated immunity following endotoxin infusion. METHODS Thirty pigs were divided into three groups. Ten pigs received 30 microg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin. These pigs were treated with CVVH (replacement 35 ml/kg/h) over the following 24 h. Ten pigs received the same bolus of endotoxin and ten pigs served as a control group. The adhesion molecules CD18, CD44 and CD62L and the ability to respond with an oxidative burst were measured. The number of neutrophils was counted in blood and lung tissue. The lymphoproliferative response and cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 were measured. RESULTS The infusion of endotoxin was followed by initial granulocytopenia and, later, granulocytosis, activation of CD18 and CD62L, and increased oxidative burst. The cytokine level was increased. CVVH had no effect on the adhesion molecules or cytokine level and did not reduce the number of granulocytes in the lung significantly. CVVH, however, reduced the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils after 2 h of treatment. CONCLUSION In the first few hours after endotoxaemia, high-volume CVVH reduced the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils. However, in the long term, CVVH was unable to modify the endotoxin-induced changes in cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Toft
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Carrasco L, Madsen LW, Salguero FJ, Núñez A, Sánchez-Cordón P, Bollen P. Immune complex-associated thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome in sexually mature Göttingen minipigs. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128:25-32. [PMID: 12531684 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eleven cases of thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) in sexually mature male or female Göttingen minipigs occurred sporadically over 3 1/2 years in a closed breeding colony protected by strict barrier conditions. Typical clinical signs of TP, including extensive subcutaneous haemorrhages, were seen in all affected animals. Haematological abnormalities included marked thrombocytopenia and anaemia. A consistent histopathological finding was the presence of membranoproliferative lesions in the renal glomeruli. Immunohistochemically, glomerular deposits were positively labelled for complement factor C1q and often also for immunoglobulins. Bone marrow findings consisting of increased numbers of immature and apoptotic megakaryocytes were compatible with a state of increased platelet consumption. Based on the combined presence of thrombocytopenia and renal immune complexes, it is suggested that the syndrome was related to a type III hypersensitivity reaction. However, further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carrasco
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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10
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Larsen MO, Rolin B, Wilken M, Carr RD, Svendsen O, Bollen P. Parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism in the male Göttingen minipig: influence of age, body weight, and breeding family. Comp Med 2001; 51:436-42. [PMID: 11924804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The pig is useful as a model for human physiology and pathophysiology and could be an important supplement to the many available rodent models of diabetes mellitus. Due to their small size, Göttingen minipigs are especially suitable for long-term studies. The aim of the study reported here was to establish reference values for a range of glucose and lipid homeostasis parameters of interest that could be used to identify possible diabetes-prone male Göttingen minipig individuals, families, or age groups. Plasma samples from nonfed animals were analyzed for glucose, leptin, fructosamine, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, free fatty acids, and total cholesterol values. Breeding family had significant effects only on plasma triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of glucose (P = 0.012), fructosamine (P < 0.001) and triglycerides (P < 0.001) increased significantly with age, whereas total cholesterol concentration decreased significantly (P = 0.001) with age. Age did not influence other parameters. In conclusion, glycemia and insulinemia increased with age and body weight, possibly indicating a small deterioration in insulin sensitivity with age. It is, therefore, hypothesized that older, compared to younger animals may be more useful in the development of a model of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, on the basis of decrease in cholesterol concentration with age, animals fed ad libitum with possibly a high calorie diet might be even more useful in the development of a type-2 diabetes mellitus model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Larsen
- Department of Pharmacological Research I, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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Bollen P. Age differences in thickness of the epidermis of miniature and domestic swine. Comp Med 2000; 50:585. [PMID: 11200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Abstract
To detect early abnormalities in bone mineralization, the lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) of diabetic children with a diabetes onset of less than 5 years and treated with a similar insulin treatment scheme was measured at the level of the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a most sensitive technique for detecting osteopenia in children. Fifteen male and 8 female children and adolescents (mean age +/- SD: 12.5+/-3.7 years), 1-5 years after the clinical onset of their diabetes, were studied. Measurements of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD, expressed in gHA/cm2 and as a z-score for age, were performed with a commercial DEXA apparatus (Hologic QDR 1000 W, Hologic Inc., Waltham, USA). Calcium-phosphorus metabolism was studied by measuring the circulating levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, 25-OH-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. The mean BMD of the studied group was 0.75 (0.16) gHA/cm2 giving a mean z-score of -0.31+/-0.95. Only 1 of the patients had a BMD lower than -2 SD. No sex difference in BMD z-score existed. BMD SD was positively correlated with height SD (R = 0.56, p < 0.005), but not with the age of the patients, the duration of the disease, the degree of metabolic control or the studied parameters of the calcium-phosphorus metabolism. In conclusion, diabetic children have a normal lumbar spine BMD during the first years of the disease, when a good metabolic control and no abnormalities in the calcium-phosphorus metabolism are present. As in normal children, areal BMD by DEXA is highly dependent on the body height, necessitating corrections if abnormalities in skeletal growth or pubertal development exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Schepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biopsy
- Child
- Colonoscopy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage
- Immunophenotyping
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestinal Polyps/pathology
- Leucovorin/administration & dosage
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage
- Rectum/pathology
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bollen
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Children's Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morbid obesity inducing medical pathologies such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or orthopaedic abnormalities is an increasing problem in adolescents. Intragastric balloons have been used, with a varying degree of success, in adults. METHODS An intragastric silicone balloon was filled with 500-700 ml physiological serum in five adolescents (11-17 years old) with a morbid obesity (body mass index percentage (BMI %, calculated as a percentage of normal BMI for patient's sex and age, range 148-293%), and was left in place for six months. RESULTS The balloons were well tolerated. A transient beneficial effect was noted, with a non-significant trend in decrease of the BMI % after 3 months (P = 0.07). However, 3 months later (6 months after the insertion), the BMI % in all five adolescents was significantly higher than before insertion of the balloon (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed a failure to lose weight with the help of an intragastric balloon in five selected adolescents. Since the beneficial effect of intragastric balloons in the five adolescents studied was only temporary, these balloons seem not to be indicated in adolescents with morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vandenplas
- Academisch Ziekenhuis Kinderen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Fergusson D, Jones R, Bollen P, Fowler GJ, Suranyi J, Fergusson D, Jeevananthan V, Gill SS, Goodman B, Goodman D, Goodman D, Goodman AA, Khunger S, Levison W, Moir J, Mansbridge D, Melville R, Sweenie AA, Feldman GV, Lowe M, Cox J. Alison George Selborne ("Joe") Bailey Arthur Reginald Bollen Timothy Cordley Bradford William Frederick Buchanan William David Calderwood Rasiah Dharmaindra Sami Zaki Fouad Stanley Lester Goodman Avinash Khunger Louise-Vaughan Lewis Geoffrey Bertrand Leyton Douglas Robert Mackenzie Noel Myddelton Mann Lex Mitchell David Michael ("Mike") Philip Pullen. West J Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bollen
- Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Purpose-bred minipigs, are often used as the non-rodent species in toxicology. Infections may interfere with animal experiments, and there are no scientific reasons why the non-rodent species should be of a lower microbiological quality than the rodent species. Therefore, a system for health monitoring of pigs was developed in order to raise the quality of laboratory pigs to the level of laboratory rodents. This system, which includes screening for several viruses, bacteria and ecto- and endoparasites, was used for monitoring minipigs from a barrier unit with the same standards applied to rodents units. In these pigs only rotaviruses are found, which was shown by both serological antibody detection and by detection of rotaviral antigen in faeces. In minipigs from another unit with far less hygienic protection rotaviruses were also found along with certain influenza- and coronaviruses, as well as Pasteurella spp. It is concluded, that it is possible to raise pigs of a microbiological quality comparable to the quality of rats and mice, and that advanced microbiological monitoring in pigs will reveal useful information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Hansen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
Detailed guidelines are available concerning the nutrient requirements of pigs (National Research Council 1988). These nutrient requirements are based on ad libitum feeding and obtaining maximum growth, as they have originated from feeding schedules for slaughter pigs. Whether these nutrient guidelines for pigs can be applied to minipigs as well remains to be answered. Moreover, ad libitum feeding and maximum growth are not considered the optimum in scientific research. The German Society for Laboratory Animal Science has published guidelines for the composition of minipig diets, mainly based on empirical results (1993). Upon comparison of dietary guidelines for pigs and minipigs, differences can be found. At the moment it is unclear which of the two dietary guidelines guarantees that all minimum nutrient requirements of the minipig are met. Restricted feeding is often applied in studies using minipigs, in order to prevent obesity. As the two guidelines are based on ad libitum feeding, this raises the question whether restriction results in (marginal) nutrient deficiencies, which may interfere with experimental results.
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19
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Abstract
Pigs traditionally are used in surgical and physiological research. Since the development of the Minnesota minipig in 1949 at the Hormel Institute (USA), miniature pigs have been introduced as a model in pharmacology and toxicology, because of scientific, economic and ethical reasons.
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