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Gong R, Jiang F, Moreland ZG, Reynolds MJ, de los Reyes SE, Gurel P, Shams A, Heidings JB, Bowl MR, Bird JE, Alushin GM. Structural basis for tunable control of actin dynamics by myosin-15 in mechanosensory stereocilia. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl4733. [PMID: 35857845 PMCID: PMC9299544 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The motor protein myosin-15 is necessary for the development and maintenance of mechanosensory stereocilia, and mutations in myosin-15 cause hereditary deafness. In addition to transporting actin regulatory machinery to stereocilia tips, myosin-15 directly nucleates actin filament ("F-actin") assembly, which is disrupted by a progressive hearing loss mutation (p.D1647G, "jordan"). Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of myosin-15 bound to F-actin, providing a framework for interpreting the impacts of deafness mutations on motor activity and actin nucleation. Rigor myosin-15 evokes conformational changes in F-actin yet maintains flexibility in actin's D-loop, which mediates inter-subunit contacts, while the jordan mutant locks the D-loop in a single conformation. Adenosine diphosphate-bound myosin-15 also locks the D-loop, which correspondingly blunts actin-polymerization stimulation. We propose myosin-15 enhances polymerization by bridging actin protomers, regulating nucleation efficiency by modulating actin's structural plasticity in a myosin nucleotide state-dependent manner. This tunable regulation of actin polymerization could be harnessed to precisely control stereocilium height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangfang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zane G. Moreland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Reynolds
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pinar Gurel
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arik Shams
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James B. Heidings
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael R. Bowl
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan E. Bird
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory M. Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Skau CT, Fischer RS, Gurel P, Thiam HR, Tubbs A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Piel M, Alushin GM, Nussenzweig A, Steeg PS, Waterman CM. Retraction Notice to: FMN2 Makes Perinuclear Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis. Cell 2018; 173:529. [PMID: 29625058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Skau CT, Fischer RS, Gurel P, Thiam HR, Tubbs A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Piel M, Alushin GM, Nussenzweig A, Steeg PS, Waterman CM. FMN2 Makes Perinuclear Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis. Cell 2016; 167:1571-1585.e18. [PMID: 27839864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in confined 3D tissue microenvironments is critical for both normal physiological functions and dissemination of tumor cells. We discovered a cytoskeletal structure that prevents damage to the nucleus during migration in confined microenvironments. The formin-family actin filament nucleator FMN2 associates with and generates a perinuclear actin/focal adhesion (FA) system that is distinct from previously characterized actin/FA structures. This system controls nuclear shape and positioning in cells migrating on 2D surfaces. In confined 3D microenvironments, FMN2 promotes cell survival by limiting nuclear envelope damage and DNA double-strand breaks. We found that FMN2 is upregulated in human melanomas and showed that disruption of FMN2 in mouse melanoma cells inhibits their extravasation and metastasis to the lung. Our results indicate a critical role for FMN2 in generating a perinuclear actin/FA system that protects the nucleus and DNA from damage to promote cell survival during confined migration and thus promote cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Skau
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pinar Gurel
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Tubbs
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Magnet Lab, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kim J, Shapiro MJ, Bamidele AO, Gurel P, Thapa P, Higgs HN, Hedin KE, Shapiro VS, Billadeau DD. Coactosin-like 1 antagonizes cofilin to promote lamellipodial protrusion at the immune synapse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85090. [PMID: 24454796 PMCID: PMC3890291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerizing factor-homology (ADF-H) family proteins regulate actin filament dynamics at multiple cellular locations. Herein, we have investigated the function of the ADF-H family member coactosin-like 1 (COTL1) in the regulation of actin dynamics at the T cell immune synapse (IS). We initially identified COTL1 in a genetic screen to identify novel regulators of T cell activation, and subsequently found that it associates with F-actin and localizes at the IS in response to TCR+CD28 stimulation. Live cell microscopy showed that depletion of COTL1 protein impaired T cell spreading in response to TCR ligation and abrogated lamellipodial protrusion at the T cell – B cell contact site, producing only a band of F-actin. Significantly, re-expression of wild type COTL1, but not a mutant deficient in F-actin binding could rescue these defects. In addition, COTL1 depletion reduced T cell migration. In vitro studies showed that COTL1 and cofilin compete with each other for binding to F-actin, and COTL1 protects F-actin from cofilin-mediated depolymerization. While depletion of cofilin enhanced F-actin assembly and lamellipodial protrusion at the IS, concurrent depletion of both COTL1 and cofilin restored lamellipodia formation. Taken together, our results suggest that COTL1 regulates lamellipodia dynamics in part by protecting F-actin from cofilin-mediated disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adebowale O. Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Pinar Gurel
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Henry N. Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hedin
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Virginia S. Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDB); (VSS)
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDB); (VSS)
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Gaillard J, Ramabhadran V, Neumanne E, Gurel P, Blanchoin L, Vantard M, Higgs HN. Differential interactions of the formins INF2, mDia1, and mDia2 with microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4575-87. [PMID: 21998204 PMCID: PMC3226476 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three mammalian formins, although binding microtubules with high affinity, differ dramatically in their microtubule-binding mechanisms. In addition, the ability of one formin (mDia2) to bind actin is strongly inhibited by microtubules, whereas the ability of another formin (INF2) to bind microtubules is strongly inhibited by actin monomers. A number of cellular processes use both microtubules and actin filaments, but the molecular machinery linking these two cytoskeletal elements remains to be elucidated in detail. Formins are actin-binding proteins that have multiple effects on actin dynamics, and one formin, mDia2, has been shown to bind and stabilize microtubules through its formin homology 2 (FH2) domain. Here we show that three formins, INF2, mDia1, and mDia2, display important differences in their interactions with microtubules and actin. Constructs containing FH1, FH2, and C-terminal domains of all three formins bind microtubules with high affinity (Kd < 100 nM). However, only mDia2 binds microtubules at 1:1 stoichiometry, with INF2 and mDia1 showing saturating binding at approximately 1:3 (formin dimer:tubulin dimer). INF2-FH1FH2C is a potent microtubule-bundling protein, an effect that results in a large reduction in catastrophe rate. In contrast, neither mDia1 nor mDia2 is a potent microtubule bundler. The C-termini of mDia2 and INF2 have different functions in microtubule interaction, with mDia2's C-terminus required for high-affinity binding and INF2's C-terminus required for bundling. mDia2's C-terminus directly binds microtubules with submicromolar affinity. These formins also differ in their abilities to bind actin and microtubules simultaneously. Microtubules strongly inhibit actin polymerization by mDia2, whereas they moderately inhibit mDia1 and have no effect on INF2. Conversely, actin monomers inhibit microtubule binding/bundling by INF2 but do not affect mDia1 or mDia2. These differences in interactions with microtubules and actin suggest differential function in cellular processes requiring both cytoskeletal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Gaillard
- CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CNRS, UMR5168, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble I, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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