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Sedhai Y, Bhat P, Spalitto D, Singh K, Waheed I, Khan T, Ahmed M, Kazimuddin N, Steff R. Iron pill aspiration syndrome: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 45:101908. [PMID: 37609001 PMCID: PMC10440560 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspiration of iron pill containing ferrous sulfate into the airway can induce fulminant chemical burn and necrosis of the airway mucosa. Acute chemical burn and inflammatory response can result in life-threatening airway compromise. It can also result in long-term sequelae including but not limited to fibrosis and airway stenosis. Considering the common use of iron supplements, and the potential severity of aspiration related airway injury, clinicians should be fully cognizant of the interaction between aspirated iron and airway passages. Herein, we present a case report with pertinent review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.R. Sedhai
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - P. Bhat
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - D. Spalitto
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - K. Singh
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - I. Waheed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - T.M.A. Khan
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - M.A. Ahmed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - N. Kazimuddin
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - R.T. Steff
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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2
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Waters AM, Patterson J, Bhat P, Phillips AW. Investigating dysphagia in adults: symptoms and tests. BMJ 2022; 379:e067347. [PMID: 36252961 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Waters
- Department of Otolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Population Heath, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - A W Phillips
- Northern Oesophagogastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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3
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Abadie B, Chan N, Sharalaya Z, Bhat P, Harb S, Jacob M, Tang WH, Cremer P, Jaber W. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography perfusion imaging with myocardial blood flow has diagnostic and prognostic value for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Invasive coronary angiography is the traditional method of screening for and diagnosing CAV. Alternative non-invasive modalities have been sought to screen for CAV. A small, single-center study utilizing Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging (PET/CT) with stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) demonstrated good diagnostic and prognostic value for CAV.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to validate the proposed algorithm for diagnosing and prognosticating CAV by PET/CT with stress MBF in a large and contemporary series.
Methods
Patients with a history of OHT with no prior revascularization in the transplanted heart who underwent PET/CT with MBF were included in the prognostic portion of the study. For the diagnostic value of PET/CT with MBF, only patients who had a PET/CT within 12 months of coronary angiography were included. The diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT was compared to the most recent coronary angiogram. A composite outcome of death, heart failure hospitalization, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, and re-transplantation was used to validate the prognostic ability of PET/CT with MBF.
Results
450 PET/CT scans with MBF were performed and included in the prognostic portion of the study. 78 patients had PET/CT within 12 months of coronary angiography and were included in the diagnostic portion. Normal perfusion with normal myocardial blood flow had a 100% negative predictive value for moderate-severe CAV by angiography. PET/CT CAV 2/3 had a positive predictive value of 69% for moderate-severe CAV. Over 24 months, there were 20 events in the 39 patients with a PET CAV grade of 2/3 versus 21 events in the 411 patients with a PET CAV grade of 0/1 with a hazard ratio 13.3 (p<0.001).
Conclusions
The current proposed algorithm for diagnosing CAV by PET/CT with stress MBF has excellent negative predictive value along with good positive predictive value for detecting moderate-severe CAV by coronary angiography. A PET/CT with stress MBF with CAV classification of 2/3 is associated with a poor prognosis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abadie
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - N Chan
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - Z Sharalaya
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - P Bhat
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - S Harb
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - M Jacob
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - W H Tang
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - P Cremer
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
| | - W Jaber
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , United States of America
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Kalra A, Bhat P, Kaur IP. Deciphering molecular mechanics in the taste masking ability of Maltodextrin: Developing pediatric formulation of Oseltamivir for viral pandemia. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117703. [PMID: 33712119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present research work was aimed at masking the bitter taste of anti- viral drug Oseltamivir phosphate (Ost) by complexing it with pea starch maltodextrin- Kleptose Linecaps® (Mld). The Ost groups involved in triggering the bitter sensation were identified by computationally assessing its interaction with human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R 38. A series of exhaustive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was run using Schrodinger® suite to understand the type of interaction of Ost with Mld. Experimentally, complexes of Ost with Mld were realized by solution method. The complexes were characterized using differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), hot stage microscopy (HSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proton NMR (1H-NMR) and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). Ost-oral dispersible mini tablets (ODMT) were prepared by direct compression and optimised using mixture designs. Finally, bitter taste perception of Ost-ODMT was evaluated in healthy human volunteers of either sex. Computational assessment, involving interaction of Ost with bitter receptor, predicted the involvement of free amino group of Ost in triggering the bitter response whereas, MD simulation predicted the formation of stable complex between Ost and double helical confirmation of Mld. Different characterization techniques confirmed the findings of MD simulation. Results from the taste assessment in human volunteers revealed a significant reduction in bitter taste of prepared Ost-ODMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atin Kalra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Schrodinger Inc., RR Nagar, Bangalore, 560098, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - P Bhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - R Goel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - A K Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - P Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - V Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 4th Floor, F block, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Khade AB, Kar SS, Alummoottil CT, Tiwari A, Tiwari M, Eshwara VK, Bhat P, Giliyar VB, Shenoy GG. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Novel Diphenyl Ethers. Med Chem 2020; 16:256-270. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190306152907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The well-known antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCL) that targets bacterial
enoylacyl protein reductase has been described to inhibit human fatty acid synthase (FASN) via
the enoylacyl reductase domain. A Literature survey indicates that TCL is selectively toxic to cancer
cells and furthermore might indeed reduce cancer incidence in vivo. A recent study found that
TCL inhibits FASN by acting as an allosteric protein-protein interface (PPI) inhibitor. It induces
dimer orientation changes that effect in a downstream reorientation of catalytic residues in the
NADPH binding site proposing TCL as a viable scaffold to design a superior molecule that might
have more inhibitory potential. This unveils tons of potential interaction space to take advantage of
future inhibitor design.
Objective:
Synthesis of TCL mimicking novel diphenyl ether derivatives, biological evaluation as
potential antiproliferative agents and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies.
Methods:
A series of novel N-(1-(3-hydroxy-4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)acetamides
(3a-n) and N-(3(3-hydroxy-4phenoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-phenylpropyl) acetamides (6a-n) were designed,
synthesized, characterized and evaluated against HepG2, A-549, MCF-7 and Vero cell
lines. The induction of antiproliferative activity of selected compounds (3d and 6c) was done by
AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) nuclear staining method, DNA fragmentation study,
and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation
study was also performed.
Results:
Among the tested compounds, compound 3d was most active (IC50 13.76 ± 0.43 µM)
against A-549 cell line. Compounds 3d and 3g were found to be moderately active with IC50
30.56 ± 1.1 µM and 25.05 ± 0.8 µM respectively against MCF-7 cell line. Morphological analysis
of A-549 cells treated with 3d and 6c clearly demonstrated the reduction of cell viability and induction
of apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was observed as a characteristic of apoptosis in treated
cells. Further, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry confirmed that compounds 3d and 6c significantly
arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Molecular docking study demonstrated that these
compounds exhibit high affinity for the human fatty acid synthase (hFASN) target. Molecular dynamics
simulation study of the most active compound 3d was performed for calculating binding
free energies using Molecular Mechanics–Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA).
Conclusion:
Compound 3d (IC50 13.76 ± 0.43 µM) has been identified as a potential lead molecule
for anticancer activity against A-549 cells followed by 3l, 6c, and 3g. Thus, the design of
diphenyl ether derivatives with enhanced affinity to the binding site of hER may lead to the discovery
of potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Khade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Sidhartha S. Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Cinu T. Alummoottil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Mradul Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Vandana K. Eshwara
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Schrodinger, Inc., Near KMWA Vidya Niketan, Mahalakshmipuram, Bangalore- 560086, India
| | - Varadaraj B. Giliyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Gurupur G. Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
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Khade AB, Eshwara VK, Boshoff HI, Arora K, Tiwari A, Bhat P, Tiwari M, Shenoy GG. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies of Diphenyl Ether Derivatives as Antitubercular and Antibacterial Agents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Khade
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryManipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104 India
| | - Vandana K. Eshwara
- Department of MicrobiologyKasturba Medical College; Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104
| | - Helena I.M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892 United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892 United States
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryManipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104 India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryManipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104 India
| | - Mradul Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyManipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104 India
| | - G. Gautham Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryManipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal- 576104 India
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Mehta CH, Narayan R, Aithal G, Pandiyan S, Bhat P, Dengale S, Shah A, Nayak UY, Garg S. Molecular simulation driven experiment for formulation of fixed dose combination of Darunavir and Ritonavir as anti-HIV nanosuspension. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose To describe a paradigm of care for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases aimed at induction of durable remission. Methods Retrospective cohort study. The records of 399 patients with ocular inflammatory diseases treated with systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution were reviewed. Durable remission was defined as control of inflammation in the absence of systemic IMT for at least 1 year. Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. Results Mean age was 46±22.5 years (range 18–88). All the patients had corticosteroid therapy and failed this therapy before having IMT. Fifty-two percent of the patients had used methotrexate alone or in combination with other medications. Thirty percent of the patients required at least 2 years of therapy with systemic IMT to obtain durable remission, while 44% required 2 to 5 years of therapy to achieve the same. Twenty percent continued to stay in remission, off immunomodulatory drugs, between 2 and 5 years and 18% were in remission for more than 5 years after therapy discontinuation. Conclusions IMT can be sight saving in patients. It can be tapered and discontinued successfully without the return of ocular inflammation. Durable drug-free remission is an achievable goal, and should be pursued by ocular inflammatory disease specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Bhat
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge
| | - E. Fortuna
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge
| | - S. Acevedo
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge
| | - C.S. Foster
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge
- Harvard Medical School and Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Cambridge, MA - USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Gallagher
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge - USA
| | | | - P. Bhat
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge - USA
| | - T. Yilmaz
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge - USA
| | - C.S. Foster
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge - USA
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Rajesh KS, Bharath BR, Rao CV, Bhat KI, Bhat KSC, Bhat P. Neutralization of Naja naja venom induced lethality, edema and myonecrosis by ethanolic root extract of Coix lacryma-jobi. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:637-645. [PMID: 29234602 PMCID: PMC5721210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of ethanolic root extract (ERE) at dose levels 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg effectively inhibits Naja naja venom-induced lethality in mice as well as venom-induced proteolysis, fibrinogenolysis, DNase activity. ERE at a dose of 200 mg/kg inhibits myotoxicity induced by Naja naja venom measured by creatine kinase activity in rats. Molecular docking studies revealed that stigmasterol isolated from the ERE is probably responsible for inhibition of Naja naja venom PLA2.
Coix lacryma-jobi, commonly known as job’s tear, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family Poaceae. The ethanolic root extract (ERE) of the plant was investigated for the first time for anti-venom activity against Indian cobra Naja naja venom. In-vitro studies were conducted to determine neutralization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of the Naja naja venom by the ERE. ERE showed significant inhibition of PLA2 activity, which was further confirmed from effective neutralization of human red blood cells (HRBC) lysis induced by the venom. In addition, venom-induced proteolysis, fibrinogenolysis, DNase activity were also neutralized by the ERE, which contained carbohydrates, glycolides, resins and tannins. Oral administration of ERE at doses levels 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg effectively inhibited Naja naja venom-induced lethality in mice. Myotoxicity induced by Naja naja venom, measured by creatine kinase activity in rats was significantly neutralized by the ERE at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Stigmasterol, as one of the component isolated from the ERE, was found to have venom phospholipase A2 inhibition potential, which was confirmed by molecular docking studies with PLA2. In summary, these studies indicate the ability of ERE of Coix lacryma-jobi to effectively neutralize the toxic effects of the venom is, in part, contributed by the inhibition of PLA2 activity among other venom-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rajesh
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka State, India
| | - B R Bharath
- Dept. of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte 574110, Udupi, Karnataka State, India
| | - C V Rao
- Dept. of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte 574110, Udupi, Karnataka State, India
| | - K I Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka State, India
| | - K S Chandrashekhar Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Madhava Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Udupi, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Applications Scientist, Schrödinger, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bhat P, Goyal V, Srivastava A, Behari M. Effects of repetetive transcranial magnetic stimulation at three cortical sites in parkinson’s disease: a randomized study. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Jacobs GP, Bhat P, Owiti P, Edwards JK, Tweya H, Najjemba R. Did the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Liberia affect HIV testing, linkage to care and ART initiation? Public Health Action 2017; 7:S70-S75. [PMID: 28744442 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting: Health facilities providing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care and treatment in Liberia. Objective: To evaluate individuals aged ⩾15 years who were tested, diagnosed and enrolled into HIV care before (2013), during (2014) and after the Ebola outbreak (2015). Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: A median of 6930 individuals aged ⩾15 years per county were tested for HIV before the Ebola outbreak; this number declined by 35% (2444/6930) during the outbreak. HIV positivity remained similar before (7028/207 314, 3.4%) and during the outbreak (4146/121 592, 3.5%). During Ebola, HIV testing declined more in highly affected counties (68 035/127 468, 47%) than in counties that were less affected (16 444/23 955, 31%, P < 0.001). Compared to the pre-Ebola period, HIV testing in less-affected counties recovered more quickly during the post-outbreak period, with a 19% increase in testing, while medium and highly affected counties remained at respectively 38% and 48% below pre-outbreak levels. Enrolment for HIV care increased during and after the outbreak compared to the pre-Ebola period. Conclusion: HIV testing and diagnosis were significantly limited during the Ebola outbreak, with the most severe effects occurring in highly affected counties. However, enrolment for HIV care and treatment were resilient throughout the outbreak. Pro-active measures are needed to sustain HIV testing rates in future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India
| | - P Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.,International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - J K Edwards
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - H Tweya
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,The Lighthouse Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - R Najjemba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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14
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Mussah VG, Mapleh L, Ade S, Harries AD, Bhat P, Kateh F, Dahn B. Performance-based financing contributes to the resilience of health services affected by the Liberian Ebola outbreak. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S100-S105. [PMID: 28744447 PMCID: PMC5515557 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: The Liberian counties of Bong, with performance-based financing (PBF) for all 36 public primary-care facilities, and Margibi, with no PBF for its 24 public primary-care facilities. Objective: To compare whether specific maternal and child health indicators changed in the two counties during the pre-Ebola (2013), Ebola (2014) and post-Ebola (2015) disease outbreak periods from July to September each year. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Results: For pregnant women, the numbers of antenatal visits, intermittent preventive malaria treatments, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests and facility-based births with skilled attendants all fell during the Ebola period, with decreases being significantly more marked in Margibi County. Apart from HIV testing, which remained low in both counties, these indicators increased in the post-Ebola period, with increases significantly more marked in Bong than in Margibi. The number of childhood immunisations decreased significantly in Bong in the Ebola period compared with the pre-Ebola period, but increased to above pre-Ebola levels in the post-Ebola period. There were markedly larger decreases in childhood immunisations in Margibi County during the Ebola period, which remained significantly lower in the post-Ebola period compared with Bong County. Conclusion: In a PBF-supported county, selected maternal and childhood health indicators showed less deterioration during Ebola and better recovery post-Ebola than in a non-PBF-supported county.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Mussah
- Performance-based Financing Unit, Department of Health Services (DHS), Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - L Mapleh
- Fixed Amount Reimbursement Agreement Unit, DHS, MoH, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - S Ade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - A D Harries
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
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Samba T, Bhat P, Owiti P, Samuels L, Kanneh PJ, Paul R, Kargbo B, Harries AD. Non-communicable diseases in the Western Area District, Sierra Leone, before and during the Ebola outbreak. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S16-S21. [PMID: 28744434 PMCID: PMC5515558 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone. Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods. Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. Results: Reporting was 89% complete on the six selected NCDs pre-Ebola and 86% during the Ebola outbreak (P < 0.01). Overall, marked declining trends in NCDs were reported during the Ebola period, with a monthly mean of 342 cases pre-Ebola and 164 during the Ebola outbreak. The monthly mean number of cases per disease in the pre-Ebola and Ebola outbreak periods was respectively 228 vs. 85 for hypertension, 43 vs. 27 for cardiovascular diseases, 36 vs. 18 for diabetes and 25 vs. 29 for peptic ulcer disease; this last condition increased during the outbreak. There were higher proportions of NCDs among females during the Ebola outbreak compared with the pre-Ebola period. Except for peptic ulcer disease, the number of patients with NCDs declined by 25% in peripheral health units, 91% in the secondary hospitals and 70% in the tertiary hospital between the pre-Ebola and the Ebola outbreak periods. Conclusion: Comprehensive reporting of NCDs was suboptimal, and declined during the Ebola epidemic. There were decreases in reported attendances for NCDs between the pre-Ebola and the Ebola outbreak periods, which were even more marked in the hospitals. This study has important policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Samba
- Western Area District Health Management Team, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Health Care (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - L Samuels
- Western Area District Health Management Team, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - P J Kanneh
- Western Area District Health Management Team, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - R Paul
- Western Area District Health Management Team, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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16
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Gamanga AH, Owiti P, Bhat P, Harries AD, Kargbo-Labour I, Koroma M. The Ebola outbreak: effects on HIV reporting, testing and care in Bonthe district, rural Sierra Leone. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S10-S15. [PMID: 28744433 PMCID: PMC5515556 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: All public health facilities in Bonthe District, rural Sierra Leone. Objective: To compare, in the periods before and during the Ebola virus disease outbreak, 1) the submission and completeness of monthly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reports, and 2) the uptake of HIV testing and care for pregnant women and the general population. Design: A cross-sectional study using routine programme data. Results: Of the 627 HIV reports expected in each period, 406 (65%) were submitted in the pre-Ebola period and 376 (60%) during the Ebola outbreak (P = 0.08), of which respectively 318 (78%) and 335 (89%) had complete information (P < 0.001). In the pre-Ebola period, 5012 pregnant women underwent testing for HIV, of whom 25 were HIV-positive, compared to 4254 during the Ebola period, of whom 21 were HIV-positive (P < 0.001). Of those who were HIV-positive, respectively 14 (56%) and 21 (100%) received antiretroviral prophylaxis or antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P < 0.001). In the general population, 5770 persons underwent HIV testing pre-Ebola vs. 3095 in the Ebola period (P < 0.001); of those who tested positive for HIV, respectively 62% (33/53) and 81% (33/41) were started on ART (P = 0.06). Conclusion: There was suboptimal reporting on HIV/acquired immune-deficiency disease syndrome activities before and during the Ebola virus disease outbreak. HIV testing decreased during the Ebola outbreak, while the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission and ART increased. Pre-emptive actions are needed to maintain the levels of HIV testing in any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gamanga
- Bonthe Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Bonthe Sherbro Island, Bonthe District, Sierra Leone
| | - P Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Health Care (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - M Koroma
- MoHS, Mattru Jong, Bonthe District, Sierra Leone
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17
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Wesseh CS, Najjemba R, Edwards JK, Owiti P, Tweya H, Bhat P. Did the Ebola outbreak disrupt immunisation services? A case study from Liberia. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S82-S87. [PMID: 28744444 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: All health facilities providing routine immunisation services in Liberia. Objective: To compare the number of routine facility-based and outreach immunisations and measles cases before, during and after the Ebola outbreak. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Immunisation coverage for fully immunised children before the Ebola outbreak was 73%. Immunisation coverage for all antigens declined by half compared to baseline during the outbreak. These findings were similar in facility-based and outreach immunisations. During the outbreak, the proportion of fully immunised children dropped by respectively 58%, 33% and 39% in the most, moderately and least Ebola-affected counties. Immunisation rate of recovery in the post-Ebola period was respectively 82%, 21% and 9% in the most, moderately and least affected counties compared to the Ebola-outbreak period. Outreach immunisation recovered slowly compared to facility-based immunisation. The mean number of measles cases reported per month was 12 pre-Ebola, 16 Ebola and 60 post-Ebola. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the possible impact of an Ebola outbreak on countrywide immunisation. The outbreak weakened a struggling national immunisation programme, and post-outbreak recovery took significant time, which likely contributed to the measles epidemic. Recommendations for the improvement of immunisation services that could limit further preventable epidemics in Liberia and similar contexts at risk for Ebola are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wesseh
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - R Najjemba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J K Edwards
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.,The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - H Tweya
- The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,The Lighthouse Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India
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18
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Bah OM, Kamara HB, Bhat P, Harries AD, Owiti P, Katta J, Foray L, Kamara MI, Kamara BO. The influence of the Ebola outbreak on presumptive and active tuberculosis in Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S3-S9. [PMID: 28744432 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Bombali District, rural Sierra Leone. Objective: To compare the number of patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB), the number of patients registered with TB (including testing for the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and initiation on antiretroviral therapy [ART]) and treatment outcomes during the pre-Ebola, Ebola and post-Ebola disease outbreak periods between 2013 and 2016. Design: This was a cross-sectional study and retrospective cohort analysis of treatment outcomes. Results: The mean monthly number of patients with presumptive TB before, during and post-Ebola was respectively 169, 145 and 210. The mean monthly number of registered TB cases was respectively 57, 57 and 96. Smear-positive TB was the most frequent type of TB, at 75%, 66% and 77%. The proportion of TB patients tested for HIV was 82% pre-Ebola, 74% Ebola and 99% post-Ebola. The proportion of HIV-positive patients with TB initiated on ART was respectively 46%, 85% and 100%. Treatment success among TB patients was 71% in the pre-Ebola period and 89% in the Ebola period (P < 0.001). Conclusion: During the Ebola outbreak, there were decreases in the number of presumptive TB patients and in the proportions of patients diagnosed with smear-positive TB and tested for HIV. The initiation of ART in HIV-infected TB patients and treatment outcomes remained acceptable. Pre-emptive actions are needed to maintain adequate control activities in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Bah
- Makeni Regional Hospital, Makeni, Bombali District, Sierra Leone
| | - H B Kamara
- Makeni Regional Hospital, Makeni, Bombali District, Sierra Leone
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P Owiti
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,Academic Model Providing Access to Health Care (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - J Katta
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - L Foray
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - M I Kamara
- Makeni Regional Hospital, Makeni, Bombali District, Sierra Leone
| | - B O Kamara
- Makeni Regional Hospital, Makeni, Bombali District, Sierra Leone
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19
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Konwloh PK, Cambell CL, Ade S, Bhat P, Harries AD, Wilkinson E, Cooper CT. Influence of Ebola on tuberculosis case finding and treatment outcomes in Liberia. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S62-S69. [PMID: 28744441 PMCID: PMC5515566 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: National Leprosy and Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme, Liberia. Objectives: To assess TB case finding, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated interventions and treatment outcomes, before (January 2013-March 2014), during (April 2014-June 2015) and after (July-December 2015) the Ebola virus disease outbreak. Design: A cross-sectional study and retrospective cohort analysis of outcomes. Results: The mean quarterly numbers of individuals with presumptive TB and the proportion diagnosed as smear-positive were: pre-Ebola (n = 7032, 12%), Ebola (n = 6147, 10%) and post-Ebola (n = 6795, 8%). For all forms of TB, stratified by category and age group, there was a non-significant decrease in the number of cases from the pre-Ebola to the Ebola and post-Ebola periods. There were significant decreases in numbers of cases with smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) from the pre-Ebola period (n = 855), to the Ebola (n = 640, P < 0.001) and post-Ebola (n = 568, P < 0.001) periods. The proportions of patients tested for HIV, found to be HIV-positive and started on antiretroviral therapy decreased as follows: pre-Ebola (respectively 72%, 15% and 34%), Ebola (69%, 14% and 30%) and post-Ebola (68%, 12% and 26%). Treatment success rates among TB patients were: 80% pre-Ebola, 69% Ebola (P < 0.001) and 73% post-Ebola (P < 0.001). Loss to follow-up was the main contributing adverse outcome. Conclusion: The principal negative effects of Ebola were the significant decreases in diagnoses of smear-positive PTB, the declines in HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy uptake and poor treatment success. Ways to prevent these adverse effects from recurring in the event of another Ebola outbreak need to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Konwloh
- National Leprosy & Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - C L Cambell
- National Leprosy & Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - S Ade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - E Wilkinson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - C T Cooper
- National Leprosy & Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Monrovia, Liberia
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20
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Shannon FQ, Horace-Kwemi E, Najjemba R, Owiti P, Edwards J, Shringarpure K, Bhat P, Kateh FN. Effects of the 2014 Ebola outbreak on antenatal care and delivery outcomes in Liberia: a nationwide analysis. Public Health Action 2017; 7:S88-S93. [PMID: 28744445 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: All health facilities, public and private, in Liberia, West Africa. Objectives: To determine access to antenatal care (ANC), deliveries and their outcomes before, during and after the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak. Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Result: During the Ebola outbreak in Liberia, overall monthly reporting from health facilities plunged by 43%. Access to ANC declined by 50% and reported deliveries fell by one third during the outbreak. Reported deliveries by skilled attendants and Caesarian section declined by respectively 32% and 60%. Facility-based deliveries dropped by 35% and reported community deliveries fell by 47%. There was an overall decline in reported stillbirths, maternal and neonatal deaths, by 50%, during the outbreak. ANC, reported deliveries and related outcomes returned to pre-outbreak levels within one year following the outbreak. Conclusion: The Liberian health system was considerably weakened during the Ebola outbreak and had difficulties providing basic maternal health services. In the light of the major reporting gaps during the Ebola period, and the reduced use of health facilities for maternal care, these findings highlight the need for measures to avoid such disruptions during future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Najjemba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.,International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - J Edwards
- Operational Research Unit (LUXOR), Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels Operational Centre, Brussels, Belgium.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - P Bhat
- Ministry of Health, Government of Karnataka, India
| | - F N Kateh
- Ministry of Health, Monrovia, Liberia
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21
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Sherje AP, Kulkarni V, Murahari M, Nayak UY, Bhat P, Suvarna V, Dravyakar B. Inclusion Complexation of Etodolac with Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Auxiliary Agents: Formulation Characterization and Molecular Modeling Studies. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1231-1242. [PMID: 28248111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to prepare inclusion complexes of a therapeutically important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etodolac (ETD) with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and to study the effect of l-arginine (l-Arg) as an auxiliary agent on the complexation efficiency of HP-β-CD to improve aqueous solubility and the dissolution property of ETD. The binary and ternary complexes were prepared by physical mixing, coevaporation, and spray drying methods. The complexes were characterized using differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. The mechanism of inclusion interaction of guest and host was established through 1H NMR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies. On the basis of preliminary screening studies, l-Arg was found to be the most efficient auxiliary agent for the present research problem. The change in crystallinity of ETD was evident from DSC and PXRD studies which indicated the formation of new solid forms. A remarkable increase in apparent stability constant (Kc) and complexation efficiency (CE) of HP-β-CD was observed in the presence of l-Arg in ternary complexes with improvement in solubility and dissolution of ETD than binary complexes. However, inclusion complexes of ETD obtained by computational studies is in good correlation with the results obtained through experimental methods. More stable complex formation with l-Arg was confirmed by molecular simulation studies too. Thus, the present study led to the conclusion that the ternary complex of ETD-HP-β-CD-l-Arg could be an innovative approach to augment the solubility and dissolution behavior of ETD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Sherje
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Gate No. 1, SVKM Campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Vaidehi Kulkarni
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Gate No. 1, SVKM Campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences , Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Schrodinger , Bengaluru 560 086, Karnataka India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Gate No. 1, SVKM Campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Bhushan Dravyakar
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Gate No. 1, SVKM Campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
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22
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Tellapragada C, Kalwaje Eshwara V, Bhat P, Kamath A, Mukhopadhyay C. Vaginal colonization by microbes during early pregnancy and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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Bhat P, Savitri V, Laxmi P, Jenitta E. A Study on the Phytochemical Analysis, Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity from Seed Extract of Areca catechu L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2016/21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Singh N, Mahajan V, Kaur A, Bhat P, Leishangthem G, Banga H, Brar R. Localization of classical swine fever virus antigen in young piglets by immunohistochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2016.00084.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Kumar AMV, Naik B, Guddemane DK, Bhat P, Wilson N, Sreenivas AN, Lauritsen JM, Rieder HL. Efficient, quality-assured data capture in operational research through innovative use of open-access technology. Public Health Action 2015; 3:60-2. [PMID: 26392997 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring quality of data during electronic data capture has been one of the most neglected components of operational research. Multicentre studies are also challenged with issues about logistics of travel, training, supervision, monitoring and troubleshooting support. Allocating resources to these issues can pose a significant bottleneck for operational research in resource-limited settings. In this article, we describe an innovative and efficient way of coordinating data capture in multicentre operational research using a combination of three open access technologies-EpiData for data capture, Dropbox for sharing files and TeamViewer for providing remote support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - B Naik
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - D K Guddemane
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - P Bhat
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - N Wilson
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A N Sreenivas
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - J M Lauritsen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark ; EpiData Association, Odense, Denmark
| | - H L Rieder
- The Union, Paris, France ; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Vishnu PH, Bhat P, Bansal A, Satyanarayana S, Alavadi U, Ohri BS, Shrinivas MSR, Desikan P, Jaju J, Rao VG, Moonan PK. Is bleach-sedimented smear microscopy an alternative to direct microscopy under programme conditions in India? Public Health Action 2015; 3:23-5. [PMID: 26392991 DOI: 10.5588/pha.12.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional multi-centric study compared the yield of and potential benefit for detecting smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by bleach sedimentation (2% sodium-hypochlorite) versus direct microscopy under programme conditions in India. Among 3168 PTB suspects, 684 (21.6%) were detected by bleach sedimentation vs. 625 (19.7%) by direct microscopy, with a proportional overall agreement of 96% (κ = 0.88). While 594 patients were smear-positive with both methods, 31 patients detected by direct microscopy were missed and an additional 90 patients were detected by bleach sedimentation. Overall, bleach sedimentation increased the yield of smear-positive TB detection; however; it also increased the time to results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Vishnu
- State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Centre, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - P Bhat
- World Health Organization Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
| | - A Bansal
- World Health Organization Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
| | - S Satyanarayana
- Regional Office for South-East Asia, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New Delhi, India
| | - U Alavadi
- World Health Organization Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
| | - B S Ohri
- RNTCP State Tuberculosis Office, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - P Desikan
- Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - J Jaju
- World Health Organization Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Rao
- Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P K Moonan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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27
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Chaitanya S, Das M, Bhat P, Ebenezer M. Computational Modelling of Dapsone Interaction With Dihydropteroate Synthase inMycobacterium leprae; Insights Into Molecular Basis of Dapsone Resistance in Leprosy. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2293-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Chaitanya
- Research Officer; Department of Laboratories; Molecular Biology and Immunology Division; The Schieffelin Institute of Health-Research and Leprosy Center (SIH-R&LC); Karigiri; Vellore Tamil Nadu 632106 India
| | - Madhusmita Das
- Research Officer; Department of Laboratories; Molecular Biology and Immunology Division; The Schieffelin Institute of Health-Research and Leprosy Center (SIH-R&LC); Karigiri; Vellore Tamil Nadu 632106 India
| | - Pritesh Bhat
- Applications Scientist; Schrodinger, Inc.; Near KMWA Vidya Niketan; Mahalakshmipuram; Bangalore 560 086 India
| | - Mannam Ebenezer
- The Schieffelin Institute of Health-Research and Leprosy Center (SIH-R&LC); Karigiri; Vellore Tamil Nadu 632106 India
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28
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Kodan P, Chakrapani M, Shetty M, Pavan R, Bhat P. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to infections: a tropical experience! J Postgrad Med 2015; 61:112-5. [PMID: 25766345 PMCID: PMC4943449 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.150904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal hyper inflammatory condition, if not recognized and treated in time. A high index of suspicion can help identify the condition early. This condition can occur in the primary or secondary form. Secondary HLH or hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) secondary to infections is an important clinical entity especially in tropical world. In this article, we share our experience with this entity and make an attempt to explore literature about ravenous macrophages which occurs secondary to infections. It is a series of six cases of HLH secondary to infectious disease in our center in a coastal city in South India over last one year with follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Chakrapani
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
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29
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Vinay Kumar KS, Lingaraju GS, Bommegowda YK, Vinayaka AC, Bhat P, Pradeepa Kumara CS, Rangappa KS, Gowda DC, Sadashiva MP. Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and target binding of dibenzazepine-tethered isoxazolines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dibenzazepine tethered 3,5-disubstituted isoxazolines was synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity usingP. falciparum3D7 strain. Further, the potent molecules were assessed againstP. falciparumD6, W2 and 7G8 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pritesh Bhat
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Manipal University
- Manipal
- India
| | | | | | - D. Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
- Hershey
- USA
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30
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Moza A, Ali A, Moukarbel G, Bhat P, Tian J, Khouri S. Endothelin-1 Levels in Patients With Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Venous Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Bhat P, Nassif M, Vader J, Sparrow C, Novak E, Ewald G, LaRue S. Epistaxis in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices - Incidence, Risk Factors, and Implications. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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32
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Mahla H, Bhat P, Bhairappa S, Manjunath CN. Ring-shaped thrombus in left atrial appendage: a contraindication for valvotomy. Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201108. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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33
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Mahla H, Bhairappa S, Bhat P, Manjunath CN. Rheumatic mitral stenosis simulating double-orifice mitral valve. Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-200090. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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34
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Panneerselvam A, Krishnamurthy AH, Bhat P, Nanjappa MC. Delayed contrast enhancement in MRI in takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Case Reports 2011; 2011:bcr.06.2011.4324. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.06.2011.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Banerjee D, Yogeeswari P, Bhat P, Thomas A, Srividya M, Sriram D. Novel isatinyl thiosemicarbazones derivatives as potential molecule to combat HIV-TB co-infection. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:106-21. [PMID: 21093117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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36
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Senthilkumar P, Naidu G, Bhat P. 5-Nitro-2,6-dioxohexahydro-4-pyrimidinecarboxamides: synthesis, in vitro antimycobacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and isocitrate lyase inhibition studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:765-72. [PMID: 20569083 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903425221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen 5-nitro-2,6-dioxohexahydro-4-pyrimidinecarboxamides (3a-n) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MC(2)), as well as their cytotoxicity and MTB isocitrate lyase (ICL) inhibition activity. 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl)-4-[(5-nitro-2,6-dioxohexahydro-4-pyrimidinyl)carbonyl]piperazino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (3n) was found to be the most active compound in vitro with MICs of < 0.17 and 0.17 μM against log-phase MTB and MDR-TB, respectively. Some compounds showed 20-45% inhibition against MTB ICL at 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry & Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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37
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Vyas DRK, Senthilkumar P, Bhat P, Srividya M. 5-Nitro-2-furoic acid hydrazones: design, synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial evaluation against log and starved phase cultures. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4313-6. [PMID: 20615698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Various 5-nitro-2-furoic acid hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activities against log and starved phase culture of two mycobacterial species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isocitrate lyase (ICL) enzyme inhibition studies. Among twenty one compounds, 5-nitro-N'-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylidene]-2-furohydrazide (4o) was found to be the most active compound in vitro with MICs of 2.65 and 10.64 microM against log- and starved-phase culture of MTB. Compound 4o also showed good enzyme inhibition of MTB ICL at 10 microM. The docking studies also confirmed the binding potential of the compounds at the ICL active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry & Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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38
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Senthilkumar P, Sangaraju D, Nelli R, Banerjee D, Bhat P, Manjashetty TH. Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of novel Phthalazin-4-ylacetamides against log- and starved phase cultures. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 75:381-91. [PMID: 20148903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty four novel 2-[3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1-phthalazinyl]acetic acid amides were synthesized from phthalic anhydride and were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation against log- and starved phase of mycobacterial species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase enzyme inhibition studies. Among the compounds screened, 2-(2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-oxophthalazin-4-yl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (5j) inhibited all eight mycobacterial species with MIC's ranging from 0.08 to 5.05 microm and was non-toxic to Vero cells till 126.43 microm. Four compounds were tested against starved culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and they inhibited with MIC's ranging from 3.78 to 23.2 microm. Some compounds showed 40-66% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase enzyme at 10 microm. The docking studies also confirmed the binding potential of the compounds at the isocitrate lyase active site. In the in vivo animal model, 5j reduced the mycobacterial load in lung and spleen tissues with 1.38 and 2.9-log10 protections, respectively, at 25 mg/kg body weight dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry & Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad - 500 078, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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39
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Girisha KM, Bhat P, Adiga PK, Pai AH, Rai L. Unusual facial cleft in Fryns syndrome: defect of stomodeum? Genet Couns 2010; 21:233-236. [PMID: 20681225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Unusual facial cleft in Fryns syndrome: defect of stomodeum?: We report on a fetus with Fryns syndrome. The facial cleft was unusual. There was bilateral cleft lip with cleft palate. The intermaxillary segment was connected through the base of a mound in the midline to the lower lip. We believe this is an atypical facial cleft in Fryns syndrome and likely represents a defective stomodeum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Girisha
- Genetics Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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40
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Verma A, Wulffhart Z, Lakkireddy D, Khaykin Y, Kaplan A, Sarak B, Biria M, Pillarisetti J, Bhat P, Di Biase L, Constantini O, Quan K, Natale A. Incidence of left ventricular function improvement after primary prevention ICD implantation for non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a multicentre experience. Heart 2009; 96:510-5. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.178061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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41
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Dalal P, Bhattacharjee M, Vairale J, Bhat P. International Stroke Society - WHO Global Stroke Initiative: a report on population-based Mumbai stroke registry (2005-2006), India. Int J Stroke 2009; 4:239-40. [PMID: 19689748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Dinakaran M, Banerjee D, Bhat P, Gadhwal S. Discovery of novel antitubercular 2,10-dihydro-4aH-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:120-3. [PMID: 19942326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty two novel 2,10-dihydro-4aH-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl derivatives were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl chromone, (sub)-2-amino pyridines, N1-(prop-2-ynyl)arylamides in the presence of indium triflate. The compounds were evaluated their preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) and multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Among them N-[(4aS)-2-(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-10-oxo-2,10-dihydro-4aH-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl]methyl-4-ethylbenzenecarboxamide 4d was found to be the most active compound in-vitro with MIC's of 0.22 and 0.07 microg/mL against MTB and MDR-TB respectively. In the in-vivo animal model 4d decreased the bacterial load in lung and spleen tissues with 1.11 and 2.94-log10 protections respectively at 25 mg/kg body weight dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry & Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad-500 078, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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43
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Senthilkumar P, Dewakar S, Rohit N, Debjani B, Bhat P, Veugopal B, Pavan V, Thimmappa H. Novel Pthalazinyl Derivatives: Synthesis, Antimycobacterial Activities, and Inhibition of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isocitrate Lyase Enzyme. Med Chem 2009; 5:422-33. [DOI: 10.2174/157340609789117886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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45
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46
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Dalal P, Malik S, Bhattacharjee M, Trivedi N, Vairale J, Bhat P, Deshmukh S, Khandelwal K, Mathur V. Population-Based Stroke Survey in Mumbai, India: Incidence and 28-Day Case Fatality. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 31:254-61. [DOI: 10.1159/000165364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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47
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48
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49
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Bhat P, Anderson D. P.013 Vectorial export of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Bhat P, Anderson D. O.136 HBV translocates across placental trophoblasts. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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