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Gupta A, Bansal A, Dixit P, Kumar KA. The crossroads of work and home: linkages between smoke-free policies at work and household environments. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1127. [PMID: 38654247 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use causes over eight million global deaths annually, with seven million directly attributed to tobacco use and 1.2 million to second hand smoke (SHS). Smoke-free environments are crucial to counter SHS. Although India banned smoking in public places in 2008, SHS exposure remains high. Studies have noted that limiting smoking in workplaces, restaurants, etc., helps to reduce overall smoking and reduce SHS exposure. Under this background, the study explores the linkages between smoke-free workplaces and living in smoke-free homes in India. METHODS The two rounds of the GATS India (2009-10 and 2016-17) have been used for the study. The study focuses on male tobacco smokers working indoors or outdoors or both indoors and outdoors. The sample for the study was 2,969 for GATS 1 and 2,801 for GATS 2. Dependent variables include living in a smoke-free home, while the independent variables were adherence to a smoke-free office policy and socio-demographic variables. The two rounds of the GATS data were pooled for analysis. Statistical analysis involves bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Findings reveal that 41% of respondents worked in smoke-free workplaces in GATS 2. Nationally, smoke-free homes increased from 35% in 2009-2010 to 44% in 2016-17. Individuals with smoke-free workplaces were more likely to have smoke-free homes. The Southern region consistently exhibited the highest proportion of smoke-free homes. Urban areas and higher education correlated with increased smoke-free homes. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that workplace smoke-free status is a significant predictor of smoke-free homes. In GATS 2, respondents aged 30 years and above were less likely to have smoke-free homes, while education and Southern region residence positively influenced smoke-free homes. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between smoke-free workplaces and smoke-free homes is linked to stringent workplace no-smoking policies, potentially deterring individuals from smoking at home. Opportunities exist for the expansion and stringent implementation of the smoke-free policies among Indian working adults, leveraging the workplace as a key setting for evidence-based tobacco control. The study highlights positive trends in India's smoke-free homes, crediting workplace policies. Effective policies, education, and regional strategies can advance smoke-free homes, stressing the pivotal role of workplace policies and advocating broader implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Gupta
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Anjali Bansal
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K Anil Kumar
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Ahmed W, Dixit P. Effect of chronic lung diseases on angina pectoris among Indian adults: longitudinal ageing study in India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2372. [PMID: 38287095 PMCID: PMC10825144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic lung diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and asthma, on angina pectoris in individuals aged 45 years and above. Identifying vulnerable subpopulations suffering from COPD and asthma at higher risk of future cardiovascular events using the rose angina questionnaire is imperative for tailored primary and secondary prevention approaches. The present study utilizes the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, wave 1, conducted during 2017-2018. The sample size included 58,830 individuals aged 45 years and above. Angina was measured based on seven questions from Rose's questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were employed to examine the prevalence of angina among individuals with COPD and asthma. Further, multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were used to assess the independent effect of COPD and asthma on angina after controlling the selected background characteristics. We employed PSM in two different models and included various additional factors in model 2, such as smoking, chewing tobacco, alcohol use, ADL, IADL, body mass index, physical activity, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic heart disease. The current study shows that the prevalence of angina pectoris, COPD and asthma was 6.0%, 2.3% and 4.7%, respectively, among individuals aged 45 years and above in India. The prevalence of angina pectoris was higher among individuals with COPD (9.6% vs. 5.8%) and asthma (9.9% vs. 5.7%) than those without COPD and asthma, respectively. Additionally, angina pectoris was more prevalent among females and rural respondents with COPD (10.8% and 11.0%) and asthma (10.3% and 10.3%) compared to males and urban respondents with COPD (8.0% and 5.7%) and asthma (8.9% and 7.9%). Moreover, in the adjusted model, individuals with COPD (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03 1.98) and asthma (AOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17 1.77) had nearly 1.5-fold higher odds of having angina pectoris than those without COPD and asthma. The PSM estimates showed that individuals with COPD had 8.4% and 5.0% increased risk of angina pectoris compared to those without COPD in model 1 and model 2, respectively. We observed that, after adjusting to lifestyle, health-related and morbidity factors in model 2, both average treatment effect on untreated (ATU) and average treatment effect (ATE) values decreased by nearly 3.5%. Additionally, the PSM estimates demonstrated that individuals with asthma had a 3.4% and 2.9% increased risk of angina pectoris compared to those without asthma in model 1 and model 2, respectively. The study suggests that COPD and asthma are significantly associated with angina pectoris, and individuals with COPD and asthma have a higher risk of developing angina pectoris. Additionally, angina pectoris was more prevalent among females, rural respondents and adults aged 45-54 with COPD compared to males, urban respondents and those aged 65 and above, respectively, with COPD. Moreover, the findings of our study underscore the targeted primary and secondary interventions and team-based care approach among individuals with COPD and asthma to reduce the risk of CVD events in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Ahmed
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Dixit P, Sundararaman T, Halli S. Is the quality of public health facilities always worse compared to private health facilities: Association between birthplace on neonatal deaths in the Indian states. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296057. [PMID: 38150439 PMCID: PMC10752527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of place of delivery on the neonatal health outcomes are very crucial. Although the quality of care is being improved, there is no consensus about who is the better healthcare provider in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), public or private facilities. The aim of this study is to assess the differentials in neonatal mortality by the type of healthcare providers in India and its states. METHODS We used the data from the fourth wave of the National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4). Information on 259,627 live births to women within the five years preceding the survey was examined. Neonatal mortality rates for state and national levels were calculated using DHS methodology. Multi-variate logistics regression was performed to find the effect of birthplace on neonatal deaths. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to evaluate the relationship between place of delivery and neonatal deaths to account for the bias attributable to observable covariates. RESULTS The rise in parity of the women and purchasing power influences the choice of healthcare providers. Increased neonatal mortality was found in private hospital delivery compared to public hospitals in Punjab, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states using propensity score matching analysis. However, analysis on the standard of pre-natal and post-natal care indicates that private hospitals generally outperformed public hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The study observed a significant variation in neonatal mortality among public and private health care systems in India. Findings of the study urges that more attention be paid to the improve care at the place of delivery to improve neonatal health. There is a need of strengthened national health policy and public-private partnerships in order to improve maternal and child health care in both private and public health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shiva Halli
- Department of Community Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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4
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Cap JGB, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Sánchez MCDLB, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gao T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Elayavalli RK, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Aguilar MAR, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Tyler J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Hyperon Polarization along the Beam Direction Relative to the Second and Third Harmonic Event Planes in Isobar Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:202301. [PMID: 38039468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the second and third harmonic results are comparable in magnitude, increase from central to peripheral collisions, and show a mild p_{T} dependence. The azimuthal angle dependence of the polarization follows the vorticity pattern expected due to elliptic and triangular anisotropic flow, and qualitatively disagrees with most hydrodynamic model calculations based on thermal vorticity and shear induced contributions. The model results based on one of existing implementations of the shear contribution lead to a correct azimuthal angle dependence, but predict centrality and p_{T} dependence that still disagree with experimental measurements. Thus, our results provide stringent constraints on the thermal vorticity and shear-induced contributions to hyperon polarization. Comparison to previous measurements at RHIC and the LHC for the second-order harmonic results shows little dependence on the collision system size and collision energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Gao
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
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- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
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- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - X Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
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- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Bhatia M, Dixit P, Kumar M, Dwivedi LK. A longitudinal study of incident hypertension and its determinants in Indian adults aged 45 years and older: evidence from nationally representative WHO-SAGE study (2007-2015). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1265371. [PMID: 38034379 PMCID: PMC10682706 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1265371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypertension (HT) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of HT among adults aged 45 years and older in India and its associated risk factors. Methods This study used longitudinal data from the Indian sample of the first and second waves of the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE). A bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test was done to examine the associations of individual, lifestyle, and household characteristics with HT status reported in Wave 2. Incident HT changes were analyzed by adjusting for various covariates in the generalized estimating equation (logit link function) with an exchangeable correlation matrix and robust standard errors. Results The study found that during the 8-year period from 2007 to 2015, the incidence of HT in individuals aged 45 years and over was 20.8%. Pre-hypertensive individuals had an overall incidence rate of 31.1 per 1,000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.20-35.9] and a 2.24 times higher odds ratio: 2.24 (95% CI: 1.65-3.03) of developing incident HT compared to those who were normotensive. Adults aged 45 years and older, overweight/obese individuals, and women were more at risk of incident HT. Conclusion One in five individuals had developed HT over 8 years, with a greater risk of incident HT among women than men. Pre-hypertensive individuals were at a greater risk of developing incident HT compared to normotensive individuals. The study recommends comprehensive and effective management of pre-HT to tackle the burden of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Centre for Health and Social Sociences, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Dixit P, Tonpe M, Bhatia M. Decomposition analysis of the decline in binary and triad undernutrition among preschool children in India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292322. [PMID: 37862310 PMCID: PMC10588879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the socio-demographic factors associated with the decline in undernutrition among preschool children in India from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005-06 to NFHS- 5, 2019-21. METHODS For this study data were obtained from India's nationally representative datasets such as NFHS-3 and NFHS-5. The outcome variables for this study were Binary undernutrition which were defined as the coexistence of anemia and either stunting or wasting and Undernutrition triad which were defined as the presence of Iron deficiency anemia, stunting and wasting, respectively. Decomposition analysis was used to study the factors responsible for a decline in undernutrition. This method was employed to understand how these factors contributed to the decline in undernutrition whether due to change in the composition (change in the composition of the population) or propensity (change in the health-related behaviour of the population) of the population over a period of 16 years. RESULTS Results showed that rate, which contributes 85.26% and 65.64%, respectively, to total change, was primarily responsible for a decline in both binary undernutrition and undernutrition triad. Reduction in Binary undernutrition was mainly explained by the change in the rate of education level of the mothers and media exposer during the inter-survey period. On the other hand, the decline in the Undernutrition triad can be explained by household wealth index, mother's education, birth order and a change in people's knowledge or practice about the preceding birth interval. CONCLUSION Identifying important factors and understanding their relationship with the decline of undernutrition can be beneficial for reorienting nutrition-specific policies to achieve the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayura Tonpe
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Mrigesh Bhatia
- Dept. of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
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Bansal A, Kullu A, Dixit P. Correction: Understanding the healthcare provider role on post abortion contraception adoption in India using National Family Health Survey-5. Reprod Health 2023; 20:151. [PMID: 37817163 PMCID: PMC10566103 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bansal
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India.
| | - Arpana Kullu
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences, V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India
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Singh A, Dixit P. Sex-specific prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adults in India: a study for developing sex-specific public policy from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) data 2017-2018. J Health Popul Nutr 2023; 42:85. [PMID: 37626344 PMCID: PMC10464490 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of mortality among Indian adults. The difference in health status between men and women is becoming a great burden in itself worldwide. This study aimed to examine the differences between men and women in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related risk factors among people aged 45 and older in India using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India in 2017-2018. METHODS Descriptive statistics were presented separately for males and females. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the socio-demographic, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata Version 16.0 statistical software. The study of the data was conducted using survey weights available in the LASI datasets. KEY FINDINGS Overall, the study found that 45.1% of the study population had hypertension, with 26.9% self-reporting their condition and 30% having hypertension at the time of measurement. Approximately 41% of males and 59% of females had hypertension. The self-reported hypertension of men was found to differ significantly from measured hypertension by 8.7%, while in women the difference was only 1.2%. Diabetes was found to increase the odds of having hypertension in both males (OR = 3.65, 95% CI (3.37-3.97)) and females (OR = 3.46, 95% CI (3.21-3.74)). CONCLUSION The difference between self-reported and measured hypertension in men and women is contributing to sex-gender and health inequalities that must be addressed. For adult females with hypertension, it is important to prioritize obesity, education level, physical activity, and regular clinic visits to manage chronic conditions. Based on our findings, policy recommendations can be made to focus on increasing women's literacy, promoting men's screening for hypertension, banning tobacco and alcohol sales, and organizing hypertension awareness campaigns specifically for men and in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singh
- School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Centre for Health and Social Sciences, School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Bansal A, Kullu A, Dixit P. Understanding the healthcare provider role on post abortion contraception adoption in India using National Family Household Survey-5. Reprod Health 2023; 20:123. [PMID: 37612745 PMCID: PMC10463293 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post abortion contraceptive use is an important area in provisioning of services associated with child birth planning. This study examines the factors related to the type and timing of initiation of contraception adoption among women who had undergone induced abortion. Study also tries to identify the role of personnel who provided the abortion service on decision of family planning adoption using complementary log-log model in India. METHODOLOGY The study uses the secondary data from the fifth round of the National Family Household Survey conducted during 2019-21. For, the analysis, we have used five-year women's reproductive calendar to extract information on contraceptive use, post last induced abortion among women. We used complementary log-log regression models, to estimate relative risk ratios and its 95% Confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS According to NFHS-5, out of all the last pregnancies (2,55,549), about three percent resulted in abortion. Most of the abortion occurred in private facilities (55%), with the help of health professionals (71%). From the women's reproductive calendar, it was found that around 40% of the women adopted modern methods of contraception, with maximum adopting spacing method (33%), and only handful adopted permanent method (7%). It was also found that the likelihood of early adoption of permanent method increased to two times when the abortion is done by health professional compared to others [95% CI (1.25-3.30)]. CONCLUSION This emphasises a need for quality counselling related to timing and types of family planning as an essential part of the family planning program ensuring client centric approach suited to their needs and contexts that helps in alleviating any apprehensions associated with adverse effects of modern contraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bansal
- Research Scholar, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India.
| | - Arpana Kullu
- Research Scholar, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Assistant Professor, School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences, V. N. Purav Marg, Deonar, 400088, Mumbai, India
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of the Elliptic and Triangular Azimuthal Anisotropies in Central ^{3}He+Au, d+Au and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:242301. [PMID: 37390421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The elliptic (v_{2}) and triangular (v_{3}) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central ^{3}He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) at midrapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v_{2}(p_{T}) values depend on the colliding systems, the v_{3}(p_{T}) values are system independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from subnucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abdulhamid
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Zhang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Observation of Directed Flow of Hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:212301. [PMID: 37295104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.212301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first observation of directed flow (v_{1}) of the hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in mid-central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV at RHIC. These data are taken as part of the beam energy scan program carried out by the STAR experiment. From 165×10^{6} events in 5%-40% centrality, about 8400 _{Λ}^{3}H and 5200 _{Λ}^{4}H candidates are reconstructed through two- and three-body decay channels. We observe that these hypernuclei exhibit significant directed flow. Comparing to that of light nuclei, it is found that the midrapidity v_{1} slopes of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H follow baryon number scaling, implying that the coalescence is the dominant mechanism for these hypernuclei production in the 3 GeV Au+Au collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu N, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio (N_{t}×N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:202301. [PMID: 37267557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the triton (t) production in midrapidity (|y|<0.5) Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The nuclear compound yield ratio (N_{t}×N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local neutron density, is observed to decrease monotonically with increasing charged-particle multiplicity (dN_{ch}/dη) and follows a scaling behavior. The dN_{ch}/dη dependence of the yield ratio is compared to calculations from coalescence and thermal models. Enhancements in the yield ratios relative to the coalescence baseline are observed in the 0%-10% most central collisions at 19.6 and 27 GeV, with a significance of 2.3σ and 3.4σ, respectively, giving a combined significance of 4.1σ. The enhancements are not observed in peripheral collisions or model calculations without critical fluctuation, and decreases with a smaller p_{T} acceptance. The physics implications of these results on the QCD phase structure and the production mechanism of light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abdulhamid
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Yu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Anderson DM, Aschenauer EC, Atchison J, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Brandenburg JD, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Deppner IM, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lisa MA, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Mukherjee A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Pani T, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Roy Chowdhury P, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seck FJ, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wielanek D, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurement of Sequential ϒ Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:112301. [PMID: 37001106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of sequential ϒ suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) through both the dielectron and dimuon decay channels. In the 0%-60% centrality class, the nuclear modification factors (R_{AA}), which quantify the level of yield suppression in heavy-ion collisions compared to p+p collisions, for ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) are 0.40±0.03(stat)±0.03(sys)±0.09(norm) and 0.26±0.08(stat)±0.02(sys)±0.06(norm), respectively, while the upper limit of the ϒ(3S) R_{AA} is 0.17 at a 95% confidence level. This provides experimental evidence that the ϒ(3S) is significantly more suppressed than the ϒ(1S) at RHIC. The level of suppression for ϒ(1S) is comparable to that observed at the much higher collision energy at the Large Hadron Collider. These results point to the creation of a medium at RHIC whose temperature is sufficiently high to strongly suppress excited ϒ states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - M Robotkova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - F-J Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - D Wielanek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Anderson DM, Aschenauer EC, Atchison J, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Brandenburg JD, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Deppner IM, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lisa MA, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Mukherjee A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Pani T, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Roy Chowdhury P, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seck FJ, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wielanek D, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth- and Sixth-Order Net-Proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:082301. [PMID: 36898098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.082301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (C_{5}, C_{6}) and factorial cumulants (κ_{5}, κ_{6}) of net-proton and proton number distributions, from center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) 3 GeV to 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Cumulant ratios of net-proton (taken as proxy for net-baryon) distributions generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at 3 GeV. The measured values of C_{6}/C_{2} for 0%-40% centrality collisions show progressively negative trend with decreasing energy, while it is positive for the lowest energy studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (for baryon chemical potential, μ_{B}≤110 MeV) which contains the crossover transition range. In addition, for energies above 7.7 GeV, the measured proton κ_{n}, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component (Poisson+binomial) shape of proton number distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyperorder proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, μ_{B}∼750 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV is starkly different from those at vanishing μ_{B}∼24 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and higher collision energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - M Robotkova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - F-J Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - D Wielanek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Bhatia M, Dixit P, Kumar M, Dwivedi LK. Comparing socio-economic inequalities in self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among adults 45 years and over in India: what explains these inequalities? Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 36732766 PMCID: PMC9893593 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. For India, the hidden burden of undiagnosed hypertension is a major concern. This study aims to assess and explain socio-economic inequalities among self-reported and undiagnosed hypertensives in India. METHODS The study utilized data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), a nationally-representative survey of more than 72,000 older adults. The study used funnel plots, multivariable logistic regression, concentration indices, and decomposition analysis to explain the socio-economic gap in the prevalence of self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension between the richest and the poorest groups. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension was 27.4 and 17.8% respectively. Monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) quintile was positively associated with self-reported hypertension but negatively associated with undiagnosed hypertension. The concentration index for self-reported hypertension was 0.133 (p < 0.001), whereas it was - 0.047 (p < 0.001) for undiagnosed hypertension. Over 50% of the inequalities in self-reported hypertension were explained by the differences in the distribution of the characteristics whereas inequalities remained unexplained for undiagnosed hypertension. Obesity and diabetes were key contributors to pro-rich inequality. CONCLUSIONS Results imply that self-reported measures underestimate the true prevalence of hypertension and disproportionately affect the poorer MPCE groups. The prevalence of self-reported HTN was higher in the richest group, whereas socio-economic inequality in undiagnosed hypertension was significantly concentrated in the poorest group. As majority of the inequalities remain unexplained in case of undiagnosed hypertension, broader health systems issues including barriers to access to health care may be contributing to inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- grid.13063.370000 0001 0789 5319London School of Economics, London, WC2A 2AE UK
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- grid.419871.20000 0004 1937 0757Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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16
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Abdallah MS, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Butterworth J, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Collision-System and Beam-Energy Dependence of Anisotropic Flow Fluctuations. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:252301. [PMID: 36608250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.252301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elliptic flow measurements from two-, four-, and six-particle correlations are used to investigate flow fluctuations in collisions of U+U at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV, Cu+Au at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and Au+Au spanning the range sqrt[s_{NN}]=11.5-200 GeV. The measurements show a strong dependence of the flow fluctuations on collision centrality, a modest dependence on system size, and very little if any, dependence on particle species and beam energy. The results, when compared to similar LHC measurements, viscous hydrodynamic calculations, and trento model eccentricities, indicate that initial-state-driven fluctuations predominate the flow fluctuations generated in the collisions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- University of California, Davis, California 95616
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- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
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- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
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- University of California, Davis, California 95616
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
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- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
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- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
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- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
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- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
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- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
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- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
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- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Zhu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Dawoodi S, Dawoodi I, Dixit P. Gastrointestinal problem among Indian adults: Evidence from longitudinal aging study in India 2017-18. Front Public Health 2022; 10:911354. [PMID: 36225774 PMCID: PMC9549910 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diseases and illnesses of the gastrointestinal system (GIS) have grown in the last decade due to considerable lifestyle changes. People with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence of depression, stress, anxiety, and impaired central nervous system functioning. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors associated with the self-reported gastrointestinal problems among the Indian elderly and to explore the relationship between non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes, and neurological or psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorder. Methods This study uses data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), a population-based national survey, conducted during 2017-2018 with a representative sample of 72,250 individuals. Descriptive statistics were used to provide the frequency distribution of sociodemographic and economic profiles of adults. Bivariate analysis was used to understand the percentage distribution of adults suffering from gastrointestinal problems by their background characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with gastrointestinal problems. In the binary logistic regression analysis, a systematic model building procedure was adopted. Results The overall prevalence of self-reported gastrointestinal problems was 18%, with significant variations among regions, and it substantially increased with the increasing age of men. Hypertension and neurological problems have significant individual effects on gastrointestinal problems. Prevalence was higher in those who suffered from neurological or psychiatric problems (27%) than in those who suffered from hypertension (22%) and heart disease (23%). Adults from the age group 45-54 (1.11, p < 0.01) and 55-64 (1.09, p < 0.01) years were significantly more likely to have gastrointestinal problems compared with the <44 years age group. Former and current smokers and adults with the habits of chewing tobacco were significantly more likely to report gastrointestinal problems than their counterparts. Moreover, the increasing economic status significantly and positively increased the likelihood of having self-reported gastrointestinal problems among adults. Conclusion Aging-related gastrointestinal problems are physiological or pathological and more prevalent in the elderly population aged 64 years and above. Hence, policies and interventions have to be made age-specific. Gastrointestinal problems among older adults are acquiring greater importance in clinical practices to plan effective treatment, administration of gastrointestinal drugs, the early screening of gastrointestinal diseases. Given the policy focus through Health and Wellness centers for accessible NCD care, it is important that gastro-intestinal illnesses receive more focus and systemic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dawoodi
- Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, United States
| | | | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, India,*Correspondence: Priyanka Dixit
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Evidence for Nonlinear Gluon Effects in QCD and Their Mass Number Dependence at STAR. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:092501. [PMID: 36083674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of back-to-back azimuthal correlations of di-π^{0}s produced at forward pseudorapidities (2.6<η<4.0) in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. We observe a clear suppression of the correlated yields of back-to-back π^{0} pairs in p+Al and p+Au collisions compared to the p+p data. The observed suppression of back-to-back pairs as a function of transverse momentum suggests nonlinear gluon dynamics arising at high parton densities. The larger suppression found in p+Au relative to p+Al collisions exhibits a dependence of the saturation scale Q_{s}^{2} on the mass number A. A linear scaling of the suppression with A^{1/3} is observed with a slope of -0.09±0.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Bhatia M, Dixit P, Kumar M, Dwivedi LK. Validity of self-reported hypertension in India: Evidence from nationally representative survey of adult population over 45 years. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:1506-1515. [PMID: 35809220 PMCID: PMC9659862 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Self‐reported measures of health, in the context of developed countries, are well‐researched and commonly regarded as reliable predictors of the underlying health of the population. However, the validity of these measures is under‐researched and questionable in the context of low‐ and middle‐income countries. The authors used Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) survey data from India to compare self‐reported hypertension with biometrically‐measured hypertension. The results are reported in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and kappa as a measure of agreement. Logistic regression was undertaken to examine the characteristics of those who were unaware of their hypertensive status. Our analysis showed a low sensitivity of 56% and a high specificity of 90.5%. Agreement between self‐reported data and biometric measurement of hypertension was observed to be moderate (κ = 0.48). Large variations were observed among states and sub‐groups. The odds of false negative reporting of hypertension were lower in the individuals with higher age, high education, and greater wealth status. The authors conclude that self‐reported hypertension has important limitations and may be a source of systematic bias. It is recommended that planning and policy‐making in India be based more on an objective assessment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- Dept. of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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20
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:202303. [PMID: 35657878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (p_{T}) within -0.5<y<0 and 0.4<p_{T}<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0%-5% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C_{4}/C_{2}=-0.85±0.09 (stat)±0.82 (syst), which is 2σ below the Poisson baseline with respect to both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C_{4}/C_{2} in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C_{4}/C_{2} is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de S ao Paulo, S ao Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbaek F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H Lifetimes and Yields in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:202301. [PMID: 35657899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report precision measurements of hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H lifetimes obtained from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV and 7.2 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the first measurement of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H midrapidity yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV. _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H, being the two simplest bound states composed of hyperons and nucleons, are cornerstones in the field of hypernuclear physics. Their lifetimes are measured to be 221±15(stat)±19(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{3}H and 218±6(stat)±13(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{4}H. The p_{T}-integrated yields of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H are presented in different centrality and rapidity intervals. It is observed that the shape of the rapidity distribution of _{Λ}^{4}H is different for 0%-10% and 10%-50% centrality collisions. Thermal model calculations, using the canonical ensemble for strangeness, describes the _{Λ}^{3}H yield well, while underestimating the _{Λ}^{4}H yield. Transport models, combining baryonic mean-field and coalescence (jam) or utilizing dynamical cluster formation via baryonic interactions (phqmd) for light nuclei and hypernuclei production, approximately describe the measured _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H yields. Our measurements provide means to precisely assess our understanding of the fundamental baryonic interactions with strange quarks, which can impact our understanding of more complicated systems involving hyperons, such as the interior of neutron stars or exotic hypernuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
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- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
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- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
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- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
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- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin A, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman N, Mallick D, Manukhov SL, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma R, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Probing the Gluonic Structure of the Deuteron with J/ψ Photoproduction in d+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:122303. [PMID: 35394314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gluon density distributions and how they are modified in nuclei are among the most important goals in nuclear physics. In recent years, diffractive vector meson production measured in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at heavy-ion colliders has provided a new tool for probing the gluon density. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction off the deuteron in UPCs at the center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV in d+Au collisions. The differential cross section as a function of momentum transfer -t is measured. In addition, data with a neutron tagged in the deuteron-going zero-degree calorimeter is investigated for the first time, which is found to be consistent with the expectation of incoherent diffractive scattering at low momentum transfer. Theoretical predictions based on the color glass condensate saturation model and the leading twist approximation nuclear shadowing model are compared with the data quantitatively. A better agreement with the saturation model has been observed. With the current measurement, the results are found to be directly sensitive to the gluon density distribution of the deuteron and the deuteron breakup process, which provides insights into the nuclear gluonic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - G S Averichev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria and INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Korobitsin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - S L Manukhov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
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- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
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- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Y Panebratsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
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- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
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- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Tripathi A, Chourasia U, Dixit P, Chang V. Plant Disease Detection Using Sequential Convolutional Neural Network. International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijdst.303672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The main warning in the area of food preservation and care is on topmost are crop diseases. It has been recognized speedily, but it is not as easy as in any area of the world because no required framework exists. Both the healthy and diseased plant leaves were gathered and collected under the condition and circumstances. For this purpose, a public set of information was used. It was 20,639 images of plants that were infected and healthy. In order to recognize three different crops and 12 diseases, a sequential convolutional neural network from Keras was trained and applied. The perfection and exactness was 98.18 % onset of information of the above trained mentioned model using CNN . It has also indicated the probability and possibility of this strategy and procedure. The over-fitting occurs and neutralizes by putting the dropout value to 0.25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Tripathi
- University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, India
| | - Uday Chourasia
- University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, India
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Bhatia M, Kumar M, Dixit P, Dwivedi LK. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension Among People Aged 45 Years and Over in India: A Sub-national Analysis of the Variation in Performance of Indian States. Front Public Health 2021; 9:766458. [PMID: 34778193 PMCID: PMC8585934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.766458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest contributor to non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths, with hypertension contributing to a significant proportion of these deaths. This study aims to provide estimates of the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension at sub-national levels in India and identifies well and under-performing states with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Methods: The study utilises data from the Longitudinal Study of Ageing in India (LASI), a nationally representative survey of more than 72,000 individuals. Age-sex adjusted prevalence rates of self-reported hypertension was calculated using the direct standardisation method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association of self-reported hypertension with the various individual co-morbidity, lifestyle, and household factors. Self-reported prevalence was compared with an objective measure of hypertension for each state, and funnel plots were constructed to assess the performance of states. Results: Our findings suggest that the overall prevalence of age-sex adjusted self-reported hypertension was 25.8% in India with significant variation among states. Results based on logistic regression confirm that those individuals who are elderly, obese, belong to a higher socio-economic group and have associated co-morbidities are at increased odds of reporting hypertension. Overall, 4 out of 10 adults over 45 years of age in India are not aware of their hypertensive condition, and of those who are aware, 73% are currently taking medication, and only 10% of these have their hypertension under control. Based on the performance, states were classified into high and low performing categories. States with an increased proportion of population below the poverty line had significantly lower performance with respect to the diagnosis of hypertension, whereas states with higher literacy rates and greater availability of specialist doctors at community health centres (CHCs) had significantly better performance with respect to treatment-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: The findings of this study and its policy implications are discussed. Based on state performance, strategies are proposed in terms selective targeting vs. population-based strategies. High impact states and sub-groups are identified where intense efforts are needed to tackle the growing menace of hypertension in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Agriculture occupation has been the prime occupation in India since the primeval era. Nowadays, the country is ranked second in the prime occupations threatening global warming. Apart from this, diseases in plants are challenging to this prime source of livelihood. The present research can help in recognition of different diseases among plants and help to find out the solution or remedy that can be a defense mechanism in counter to the diseases. Finding diseases among plant DL is considered to the most perfect and exact paradigms. Four labels are classified as “bacterial spot,” “yellow leaf curl virus,” “late blight,” and “healthy leaf.” An exemplar model of the drone is also designed for the purpose. The said model will be utilized for a live report for extended large crop fields. In this exemplar drone model, a high-resolution camera is attached. The captured images of plants will act as software input. On this basis, the software will immediately tell which plants are healthy and which are diseased.
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Bhatia M, Dwivedi LK, Banerjee K, Bansal A, Ranjan M, Dixit P. Pro-poor policies and improvements in maternal health outcomes in India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:389. [PMID: 34011316 PMCID: PMC8135986 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2005, India has experienced an impressive 77% reduction in maternal mortality compared to the global average of 43%. What explains this impressive performance in terms of reduction in maternal mortality and improvement in maternal health outcomes? This paper evaluates the effect of household wealth status on maternal mortality in India, and also separates out the performance of the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and the Southern states of India. The results are discussed in the light of various pro-poor programmes and policies designed to reduce maternal mortality and the existing supply side gaps in the healthcare system of India. Using multiple sources of data, this study aims to understand the trends in maternal mortality (1997-2017) between EAG and non EAG states in India and explore various household, economic and policy factors that may explain reduction in maternal mortality and improvement in maternal health outcomes in India. METHODS This study triangulates data from different rounds of Sample Registration Systems to assess the trend in maternal mortality in India. It further analysed the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS). NFHS-4, 2015-16 has gathered information on maternal mortality and pregnancy-related deaths from 601,509 households. Using logistic regression, we estimate the association of various socio-economic variables on maternal deaths in the various states of India. RESULTS On an average, wealth status of the households did not have a statistically significant association with maternal mortality in India. However, our disaggregate analysis reveals, the gains in terms of maternal mortality have been unevenly distributed. Although the rich-poor gap in maternal mortality has reduced in EAG states such as Bihar, Odisha, Assam, Rajasthan, the maternal mortality has remained above the national average for many of these states. The EAG states also experience supply side shortfalls in terms of availability of PHC and PHC doctors; and availability of specialist doctors. CONCLUSIONS The novel contribution of the present paper is that the association of household wealth status and place of residence with maternal mortality is statistically not significant implying financial barriers to access maternal health services have been minimised. This result, and India's impressive performance with respect to maternal health outcomes, can be attributed to the various pro-poor policies and cash incentive schemes successfully launched in recent years. Community-level involvement with pivotal role played by community health workers has been one of the major reasons for the success of many ongoing policies. Policy makers need to prioritise the underperforming states and socio-economic groups within the states by addressing both demand-side and supply-side measures simultaneously mediated by contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatia
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
| | - L K Dwivedi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K Banerjee
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - A Bansal
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - M Ranjan
- Department of Statistics, Mizoram University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - P Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Garg PK, Kumar R, Dixit P. Adjuvant nivolumab for the management of pathological residual disease in esophageal or junctional tumors: a word of caution. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1189-1190. [PMID: 33957223 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P K Garg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, India.
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - P Dixit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, India
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Abstract
There has been a relative reduction of tobacco consumption between Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (GATS-India) 2009–10 and GATS-India 2016–17. However, in terms of absolute numbers, India still has the highest number of tobacco consumers. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the socioeconomic correlates and delineate the factors contributing to a change in smoking and smokeless tobacco use from GATS (2009–10) to GATS (2016–17) in India. We used multivariable binary logistic regressions to examine the demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking and smokeless tobacco use for both the rounds of the survey. Further decomposition analysis has been applied to examine the specific contribution of factors in the decline of tobacco consumption over a period from 2009 to 2016. Results indicated that the propensity component was primarily responsible for major tobacco consumption decline (smoking- 41%, smokeless tobacco use- 81%). Most of the decrease in propensity to smoke has been explained by residential type and occupation of the respondent. Age of the respondent contribute significantly in reducing the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption during the seven-year period, regardless of change in the composition of population. To achieve the National Health Policy, 2017 aim of reducing tobacco use up to 15% by 2020 and up to 30% by 2025, targeted policies and interventions addressing the inequalities identified in this study, must be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Lahoti
- Master of Public Health (Health Policy, Economics and Finance), Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Centre for Health and Social Sciences, School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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Bhatia M, Dwivedi LK, Banerjee K, Dixit P. An epidemic of avoidable caesarean deliveries in the private sector in India: Is physician-induced demand at play? Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113511. [PMID: 33203552 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND SETTING OF RESEARCH Caesarean section (C-section) rates of over 15% suggest overuse of the surgery which may be difficult to justify on medical grounds. One important contributor to the rise in Csection rates is the rapid expansion of unregulated private-sector providers in number of settings. This study analyses the contribution of private sector in the rapid rise in Csection deliveries in India and the extent to which these can be justified on medical grounds. METHODS This is a cross sectional study design using National Family Health Surveys. Logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses are performed. The main outcome measured is avoidable C-sections in the private sector. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our findings suggest that the rising trend in C-section rates in the private sector cannot be explained by medical reasons alone. The odds of C-section among women who chose to deliver in private was over 4 times higher than women who chose to delivery in public facilities. Despite, controlling for medical complications, women's characteristics and preferences, our PSM analysis suggest that the public-private gap has doubled over the years and that the difference cannot be explained by known determinants of C-section. Over supply of avoidable C-section to the extent of 21%, as a result of physician induced demand and perverse financial incentives was observed in the private sector. CONCLUSIONS This paper attempts to understand the reason for the high C-section rates in the private sector in India and the extent to which these are avoidable. Our analysis supports the assumption that physician induced demand as a result of perverse financial incentives in the private sector is at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatia
- Dept. of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK.
| | - L K Dwivedi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K Banerjee
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - P Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Dixit P, Sirohiya P, Ratre BK. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization amid the COVID-19 outbreak: 'Revisiting protocols'. Trends Anaesth Crit Care 2020; 34:42-43. [PMID: 38620540 PMCID: PMC7318921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Sirohiya
- Department of Anaesthesia, ABVIMS & Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Ratre
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
India has an unenviable reputation as one of the world's most gender disparate countries. Previous studies of sex bias in childhood have shown large differences between Indian boys and girls in immunization and curative healthcare, but little difference in health status as indicated by anaemia and stunting. India has changed rapidly in past decades, hence we reappraise the situation with the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16). We found no evidence of sex differentials in immunization coverage but a small degree of discrimination in favour of boys in medical treatment for common symptoms of infection. This discrimination was no greater in the North and Central regions of India, where severe excess mortality among female children persists. Sex differences in anaemia and stunting were small, with no regional pattern. We found no evidence that healthcare or health status of girls was influenced by the presence of other daughters in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K S James
- International Institute for Population Sciences
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE The rates of cesarean deliveries have more than doubled in India, from 8% of deliveries in 2005 to 17% of deliveries in 2016. The World Health Organization recommends that cesarean deliveries should not exceed 10% to 15% of all deliveries in any country. An understanding of the association of private and public facilities with the increase in cesarean delivery rates in India is needed. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of public vs private sector health care facilities with cesarean delivery rates in India and to estimate the potential cost savings if private sector facilities followed World Health Organization recommendation for cesarean deliveries. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used institutional delivery data from the representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS) in India, including data from the NFHS-1 (1992-1993), the NFHS-3 (2005-2006), and the NFHS-4 (2015-2016). The NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 provided data on 22 647 deliveries and 195 366 deliveries, respectively. The NHFS-4 was the first survey to provide data on out-of-pocket expenditures for delivery by facility type, allowing for a comparison of cesarean deliveries and costs between public and private facilities. The primary sample comprised all pregnant women who delivered infants in public and private institutional facilities in India and who were included the NFHS-3 and the NFHS-4; data on pregnant women who were included in the NFHS-1 were used for comparison. The study's findings were analyzed through geographic mapping, data tabulation, funnel plots, multivariate logistic regression analyses, and potential cost-savings scenario analyses. Data were analyzed from June to December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the rate of cesarean deliveries by facility type (public vs private) and by participant socioeconomic, demographic, and health characteristics. Secondary outcomes were the potential number of avoidable cesarean deliveries and the potential cost savings if private sector facilities followed the World Health Organization recommendations for cesarean deliveries. RESULTS In the NFHS-3, 22 610 total births occurred at institutional facilities. Of those, 2178 births (15.2%) were cesarean deliveries in public facilities, and 3200 births (27.9%) were cesarean deliveries in private facilities. Of 195 366 total institutional births in the NFHS-4, 15 165 births (11.9%) were cesarean deliveries in public facilities, and 20 506 births (40.9%) were cesarean deliveries in private facilities. The cesarean delivery rate in public health facilities increased from 7.2% in the NFHS-1 to 11.9% in the NFHS-4, whereas in private health facilities, the rate increased from 12.3% to 40.9% during the same period. A substantial increase was found in cesarean delivery rates between the NFHS-3 (2005-2006) and the NFHS-4 (2015-2016), with 22 states exceeding the World Health Organization's upper threshold of 15% in the NFHS-4. The odds ratio for cesarean deliveries in private facilities compared with public facilities increased from 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.76) in the NFHS-3 to 4.17 (95% CI, 4.04-4.30) in the NFHS-4. The number of avoidable cesarean deliveries would have been 1.83 million, with a potential cost savings of $320.60 million, if private sector facilities in India had followed the 15% threshold for cesarean delivery rates recommended by the World Health Organization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, private sector health facilities were associated with a substantial increase in cesarean deliveries in India. Further research is needed to assess the factors underlying the increase in cesarean deliveries in private sector facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kajori Banerjee
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Centre for Health and Social Sciences, Tata Institute of Social Sciences School of Health Systems Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Dixit P, Anwar M, Saif J, Chamorro-Jorganes A, Dumas M, Angelini G, Punjabi P, Srivastava P, Katare R, Petretto E, Emanueli C. P6309Impaired secretion of clusterin in pericardial fluid of diabetics, a deleterious outcome for the cardiac micro-vasculature. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Extracellular vesicles are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communications. We previously demonstrated that in the adult heart, exosomes released in the pericardial fluid (PF) have the functional capability to induce cell survival and angiogenesis in recipient endothelial cells. It has previously been shown that PF exosomes from patients with an existing myocardial infarction (MI) contain clusterin (CLU). Remarkably, secreted CLU is cardio-protective as evidenced by enhanced arteriogenesis and reduced apoptosis in animal models of MI. We hypothesize that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) along with ischemic heart disease (IHD) alters PF EV content impairing its reparative angiogenic potential.
Aim
To investigate the role of T2DM in modulating human PF exosomal content and its vascular action.
Methods and results
PF samples were collected from 3 different groups of patients (N=3): 1) Ischemic heart disease (IHD) with or 2) without T2DM, and 3) non-ischaemic, non-diabetic controls operated for mitral valve repair.
The impact of PF exosomes on human coronary microvascular ECs (HCMECs) was evaluated by cell based functional assays for measuring apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. Interestingly, unlike PF exosomes from control patients, PF exosomes from DM patients with IHD promoted EC apoptosis and impaired angiogenesis.
To investigate the effect of T2DM on PF content, we performed high throughput proteomic and metabolomic analysis of whole PF and PF EVs. We identified proteins and metabolites that were differentially expressed under T2DM condition by using the R package Limma. Employing a network approach, protein and metabolic data were integrated by using our newly developed inhouse R package Metabosignal. This networks approach revealed an interesting interaction circuit involving protein CLU. The T2DM-associated reduction of CLU level in the PF, identified from the “omics” analyses was confirmed by ELISA (n=8 patients per group).
To examine the effects of DM and ischemia on CLU intracellular expression and secretion, HCMECs were exposed to high D-glucose (HG, 25 mM) and hypoxia (1%O2). In line with our PF data, HCMECs exposed to HG and hypoxia showed lower levels of both CLU mRNA and secreted CLU (ELISA). Importantly, recombinant CLU (rCLU) treatment on HCMECs rescued their angiogenic potential, induced cell proliferation and protected them from apoptosis under both HG and hypoxia conditions. In addition, silencing of endogenous levels of CLU in HCMECs impaired angiogenesis, suggesting that CLU might be an inherent component of the angiogenesis machinery in ECs.
Conclusions
This study suggests that DM reduces the level of secreted CLU in the PF, depriving myocardial micro-vessels of this protective and regenerative mediator. Restoring diminished CLU levels in the diabetic heart could be a possible therapeutic approach for contrasting diabetic micro-angiopathy.
Acknowledgement/Funding
British Heart Foundation Program Grant
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dixit
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Anwar
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Saif
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Dumas
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - P Punjabi
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - R Katare
- University of Otago, Physiology, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E Petretto
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Emanueli
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of closantel vis-à-vis herbal extracts with known anti-parasitic properties, against fenbendazole-resistant nematodes in goats maintained under a semi-intensive system of management at the University goat farm, Jabalpur. Fifty goats were randomly assigned to five groups, each comprising 10 animals, irrespective of their breed, age and sex. Each animal in Group I, II and III was orally administered with aqueous leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) at 1 g/kg body weight, sitaphal (Annona squamosa) at 1.5 g/kg body weight and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) at 1 g/kg body weight, respectively, whereas Group IV was an untreated control group. Each animal in Group V was orally treated with closantel at 10 mg/kg body weight. During the course of the study, all animals were maintained under an identical semi-intensive system of management. Compared to the untreated control group (Group IV), there was no conspicuous reduction in post-treatment (day 10) faecal egg counts (FEC) in animals administered with the herbal extracts (Groups I, II and III), which is suggestive of poor anti-parasitic activity. However, using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the overall efficacy of closantel was recorded as 95.64%. This supports the rotational use of closantel as a preferred choice over the benzimidazole group of anthelmintics and/or herbal extracts to meet the acute challenge of in situ development of drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - G Das
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - P Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Medicine,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - R L Sharma
- 843-44,Ranisati Nagar,P.O. Shyam Nagar,Ajmer Road,Jaipur-302019,Rajasthan,India
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Manning PJ, Dixit P, Satthenapalli VR, Katare R, Sutherland WHF. WITHDRAWN: GLP-1 Has an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Adipose Tissue Expression of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Receptors in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:W4-W14. [PMID: 31112273 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The above-named article by Manning PJ, Dixit P, Satthenapalli VR, Katare R, and Sutherland WHF (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [published online ahead of print 21 May 2019]; doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00197) has been withdrawn by the authors. The authors report, "The reason for this decision is that the statistical methodology we used did not adequately limit the impact of outlier data points on our findings. This was evident after reanalysis of the data using a different method." doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01393.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Manning
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P Dixit
- Department of Physiology, Heart Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - V R Satthenapalli
- Department of Physiology, Heart Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R Katare
- Department of Physiology, Heart Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W H F Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bhatia M, Dwivedi LK, Ranjan M, Dixit P, Putcha V. Trends, patterns and predictive factors of infant and child mortality in well-performing and underperforming states of India: a secondary analysis using National Family Health Surveys. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023875. [PMID: 30898805 PMCID: PMC6475182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper analyses the patterns and trends in the mortality rates of infants and children under the age of 5 in India (1992-2016) and quantifies the variation in performance between different geographical states through three rounds of nationally representative household surveys. DESIGN Three rounds of cross-sectional survey data. SETTING The study is conducted at the national level: India and its selected good-performing states, namely Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab and Tamil Nadu, and selected poor-performing states, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. PARTICIPANTS Adopting a multistage, stratified random sampling, 601 509 households with 699 686 women aged 15-49 years in 2015-2016, 109 041 households with 124 385 women aged 15-49 years in 2005-2006, and 88 562 households with 89 777 ever married women in the age group 13-49 years in 1992-1993 were selected. RESULTS Through the use of maps, this paper clearly shows that the overall trend in infant and child mortality is on a decline in India. Computation of relative change shows that majority of the states have witnessed over 50% reduction in both infant and under-5 mortality rates from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-I to NFHS-4. However, the improvements are not evenly distributed, and there is huge variation in performance between states over time. Funnel plots show that the most populous states like Uttar Pradesh Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have underperformed consistently across the survey period from 1992 to 2016. Regression analysis comparing high-performing and low-performing states revealed that female infants and women with shorter birth intervals had greater risk of infant deaths in poor-performing states. CONCLUSION Attempts to reduce infant and child mortality rates in India are heading in the right direction. Even so, there is huge variation in performance between states. This paper recommends a mix of strategies that reduce child and infant mortality among the high-impact states where the biggest improvements can be expected, including the need to address neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigesh Bhatia
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukesh Ranjan
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Dwivedi LK, Banerjee K, Jain N, Ranjan M, Dixit P. Child health and unhealthy sanitary practices in India: Evidence from Recent Round of National Family Health Survey-IV. SSM Popul Health 2018; 7:013-13. [PMID: 31297430 PMCID: PMC6597875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite threefold increase in investment (from Rs. 28,500 million to Rs. 90,000 million during 2014-17) in the allocation of funds for the Clean India movement, creating awareness and various social movements, more than half of the rural population (52.1%) of the country still defecates in the open. This study aims to examine the prevalence of improved sanitation facilities and safe stool disposal in India and its states. It also aims to further establish inter-linkages between safe stool disposal and child health. Study design The present study uses data from the fourth round of the recently conducted cross-sectional National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015-16). Methods Two proxy indicators used to assess the effect on child health are: stunting and mortality of children under the age of five years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of improved sanitation facilities and safe stool disposal on child health measured by height-for-age as a dichotomous variable. Multivariate discrete-time logistic model was used to examine the impact of improved sanitation facilities and safe stool disposal on under-five child deaths. Results The results reveal that unsafe disposal of stools are one of the main contributing factors responsible for stunting and under-five mortality among children. The prevalence was clearly seen to be higher in households where open defecation and unsafe stool disposal were practised. Conclusions The central behavioural change to be brought about among the people is to improve the cleanliness levels of the neighbourhood and help children spend their childhood free from the misery of malnourishment or in the worst case, death. It is not an impossible task for a country that houses the cleanest village in Asia, Mawlynnong in the Northeast state of Meghalaya, India. If one state could do it, it could be replicated in other states too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajori Banerjee
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Nidhi Jain
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Mukesh Ranjan
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Bhatia M, Ranjan M, Dixit P, Dwivedi LK. Mind the gap: Temporal trends in inequalities in infant and child mortality in India (1992-2016). SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:201-209. [PMID: 30094315 PMCID: PMC6072655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal trends in inequalities in infant and child mortality over two and half decades in India. Relative change in inequalities in child mortality over survey periods. Scatter plots to identify states with largest inequalities among wealth index groups. Concentration Index by various background characteristics and decomposition analysis to identify factors contributing in inequality in infant mortality between richest and poorest groups. Gap between the poorest and richest groups has narrowed in most states in India in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatia
- Dept. of Health Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - M Ranjan
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - P Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - L K Dwivedi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Ranjan A, Dixit P, Mukhopadhyay I, Thiagarajan S. Effectiveness of government strategies for financial protection against costs of hospitalization Care in India. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:501. [PMID: 29661233 PMCID: PMC5902925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decade, India has seen the introduction of many ‘publicly funded health insurance’ schemes (PFHIs) that claim to cover approximately 300 million people and are essentially forms of purchasing care from both public and private providers to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for hospitalization. Methods Data from a recent government-organized nationwide household survey, The National Sample Survey 71st Round, were used to analyse the effectiveness and equity of tax-funded public health services and PFHIs as distinct but overlapping approaches to financial protection for hospitalization across different socio-economic categories. Cross-tabulation analysis, multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching were the main analytical methods used. Results Government hospitals provide access to 45.6% of all hospitalization needs. Although poorer quintiles use public hospitals more often, even in the poorest quintile, as many as 37.2% are utilizing private hospitals. The average OOPE that a household experiences for hospitalization in public hospitals is approximately only one-fifth of the OOPE for hospitalization in the private sector. PFHI schemes cover 12.8% of the population, and coverage is higher in upper quintiles and in urban areas. Hospitalization rates increase with PFHI coverage, and this occurs with both public and private providers. Propensity score matching shows that PFHI contributes to a marginal reduction (1%) in ‘catastrophic health expenditure incidence at the 25% threshold’ (CHE-25) for the bottom three quintiles. The reported coverage of PFHIs was greater in the upper income quintiles. Utilization of public services was greater in the poorer income quintiles and more marginalized social groups. Conclusions Periodic surveys are essential to guide policy choices regarding the appropriate mix of strategies for financial protection in pluralistic systems. There is a need for caution regarding any shift in the role of governments from providing services to purchasing care, given the contexts and limitations of currently available PFHIs. Even with tax-funded public services, although the average OOPE is lower than the care purchased through PFHIs, there is still a modest level of CHE and impoverishment due to health care costs that persist. Both strategies need to be synergized for more effective financial protection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5431-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Indranil Mukhopadhyay
- School of Government and Public Policy, O P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
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Nandi S, Schneider H, Dixit P. Hospital utilization and out of pocket expenditure in public and private sectors under the universal government health insurance scheme in Chhattisgarh State, India: Lessons for universal health coverage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187904. [PMID: 29149181 PMCID: PMC5693461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on impact of publicly financed health insurance has paid relatively little attention to the nature of healthcare provision the schemes engage. India's National Health Insurance Scheme or RSBY was made universal by Chhattisgarh State in 2012. In the State, public and private sectors provide hospital services in a context of extensive gender, social, economic and geographical inequities. This study examined enrolment, utilization (public and private) and out of pocket (OOP) expenditure for the insured and uninsured, in Chhattisgarh. The Chhattisgarh State Central sample (n = 6026 members) of the 2014 National Sample Survey (71st Round) on Health was extracted and analyzed. Variables of enrolment, hospitalization, out of pocket (OOP) expenditure and catastrophic expenditure were descriptively analyzed. Multivariate analyses of factors associated with enrolment, hospitalization (by sector) and OOP expenditure were conducted, taking into account gender, socio-economic status, residence, type of facility and ailment. Insurance coverage was 38.8%. Rates of hospitalization were 33/1000 population among the insured and 29/1000 among the uninsured. Of those insured and hospitalized, 67.2% utilized the public sector. Women, rural residents, Scheduled Tribes and poorer groups were more likely to utilize the public sector for hospitalizations. Although the insured were less likely to incur out of pocket (OOP) expenditure, 95.1% of insured private sector users and 66.0% of insured public sector users, still incurred costs. Median OOP payments in the private sector were eight times those in the public sector. Of households with at least one member hospitalized, 35.5% experienced catastrophic health expenditures (>10% monthly household consumption expenditure). The study finds that despite insurance coverage, the majority still incurred OOP expenditure. The public sector was nevertheless less expensive, and catered to the more vulnerable groups. It suggests the need to further examine the roles of public and private sectors in financial risk protection through government health insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulakshana Nandi
- Public Health Resource Network, India, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Helen Schneider
- School of Public Health, UWC/MRC Health Services to Systems Unit, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Priyanka Dixit
- School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India
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Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Adedeji IA, Adedoyin RA, Adetifa IMO, Adetokunboh O, Afshin A, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmad Kiadaliri A, Ahmed MB, Aichour MTE, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akanda AS, Akinyemiju TF, Akseer N, Al Lami FH, Alabed S, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alasfoor D, Aldridge RW, Alene KA, Al-Eyadhy A, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Aljunid SM, Alkaabi JM, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allam SD, Allebeck P, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Ameh EA, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako YA, Anber N, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Ansari H, Ansha MG, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Arora M, Artaman A, Aryal KK, Asayesh H, Asgedom SW, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Assaye AM, Atey TM, Atre SR, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Babalola TK, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Balalla S, Barac A, Barber RM, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Baune BT, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele BB, Bell ML, Bello AK, Bennett DA, Bennett JR, Bensenor IM, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe DF, Bernabé E, Beuran M, Beyene AS, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhaumik S, Bhutta ZA, Bicer BK, Bidgoli HH, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu HM, Bjerregaard P, Blosser CD, Boneya DJ, Boufous S, Bourne RRA, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Brugha TS, Bukhman G, Bulto LNB, Bumgarner BR, Burch M, Butt ZA, Cahill LE, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato IR, Car J, Car M, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Carrero JJ, Carter A, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro FF, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Chen H, Chiang PPC, Chibalabala M, Chisumpa VH, Chitheer AA, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Christopher DJ, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Cohen AJ, Colquhoun SM, Coresh J, Criqui MH, Cromwell EA, Crump JA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, das Neves J, Davey G, Davitoiu DV, Davletov K, de Courten B, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Deribew A, Des Jarlais DC, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani MK, Diaz-Torné C, Ding EL, Dixit P, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doku DT, Donnelly CA, dos Santos KPB, Douwes-Schultz D, Driscoll TR, Duan L, Dubey M, Duncan BB, Dwivedi LK, Ebrahimi H, El Bcheraoui C, Ellingsen CL, Enayati A, Endries AY, Ermakov SP, Eshetie S, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel FBB, Faro A, Farvid MS, Farzadfar F, Feigin VL, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JG, Fernandes JC, Feyissa TR, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt N, Foreman KJ, Frank T, Franklin RC, Fraser M, Friedman J, Frostad JJ, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado JM, Futran ND, Gakidou E, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Gankpé FG, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gebregergs GB, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebrekidan KG, Gebremichael MW, Gelaye AA, Geleijnse JM, Gemechu BL, Gemechu KS, Genova-Maleras R, Gesesew HA, Gething PW, Gibney KB, Gill PS, Gillum RF, Giref AZ, Girma BW, Giussani G, Goenka S, Gomez B, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Goulart AC, Graetz N, Gugnani HC, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Haagsma JA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hakuzimana A, Halasa YA, Hamadeh RR, Hambisa MT, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Hancock J, Handal AJ, Hankey GJ, Hao Y, Harb HL, Hareri HA, Harikrishnan S, Haro JM, Hassanvand MS, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hay SI, He F, Heredia-Pi IB, Herteliu C, Hilawe EH, Hoek HW, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hostiuc S, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Htet AS, Hu G, Huang JJ, Huang H, Iburg KM, Igumbor EU, Ileanu BV, Inoue M, Irenso AA, Irvine CMS, Islam SMS, Islam N, Jacobsen KH, Jaenisch T, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic MB, Javanbakht M, Jayatilleke AU, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jin Y, John D, John O, Johnson SC, Jonas JB, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalkonde Y, Kamal R, Kan H, Karch A, Karema CK, Karimi SM, Karthikeyan G, Kasaeian A, Kassaw NA, Kassebaum NJ, Kastor A, Katikireddi SV, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore SG, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Keren A, Kereselidze M, Kesavachandran CN, Ketema EB, Khader YS, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khera S, Khoja ATA, Khosravi MH, Kibret GD, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kim CI, Kim D, Kim P, Kim S, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kishawi S, Kissoon N, Kivimaki M, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kuipers EJ, Kulikoff XR, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kumar P, Kumsa FA, Kutz M, Lachat C, Lagat AK, Lager ACJ, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Lansingh VC, Larson HJ, Larsson A, Laryea DO, Lavados PM, Laxmaiah A, Lee PH, Leigh J, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Liao Y, Liben ML, Lim SS, Linn S, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lorch SA, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma S, Macarayan ER, Machado IE, Mackay MT, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Magis-Rodriguez C, Mahdavi M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta DC, Mantovani LG, Manyazewal T, Mapoma CC, Marczak LB, Marks GB, Martin EA, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo FR, Massano J, Maulik PK, Mayosi BM, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey ST, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehata S, Mehndiratta MM, Mehta KM, Meier T, Mekonnen TC, Meles KG, Memiah P, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mengesha MM, Mengistie MA, Mengistu DT, Menon GR, Menota BG, Mensah GA, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Mezgebe HB, Micha R, Mikesell J, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Minnig S, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mishra SR, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed KE, Mohammed S, Mohan MBV, Mohanty SK, Mokdad AH, Mollenkopf SK, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Montañez Hernandez JC, Montico M, Mooney MD, Moore AR, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mori R, Morrison SD, Mruts KB, Mueller UO, Mullany E, Muller K, Murthy GVS, Murthy S, Musa KI, Nachega JB, Nagata C, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naidoo KS, Nanda L, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Natarajan G, Negoi I, Nguyen CT, Nguyen QL, Nguyen TH, Nguyen G, Ningrum DNA, Nisar MI, Nomura M, Nong VM, Norheim OF, Norrving B, Noubiap JJN, Nyakarahuka L, O'Donnell MJ, Obermeyer CM, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Ota E, Owolabi MO, Oyekale AS, PA M, Pacella RE, Pakhale S, Pana A, Panda BK, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Parsaeian M, Patel T, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paudel D, Pereira DM, Perez-Padilla R, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Peterson CB, Petri WA, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Piel FB, Pigott DM, Pishgar F, Plass D, Polinder S, Popova S, Postma MJ, Poulton RG, Pourmalek F, Prasad N, Purwar M, Qorbani M, Quintanilla BPA, Rabiee RHS, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MHU, Rahman SU, Rahman M, Rai RK, Rajsic S, Ram U, Rana SM, Ranabhat CL, Rao PV, Rawaf S, Ray SE, Rego MAS, Rehm J, Reiner RC, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Rezai MS, Ribeiro AL, Rivas JC, Rokni MB, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago GM, Saadat S, Sabde YD, Sachdev PS, Sadat N, Safdarian M, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Salama J, Salamati P, Salomon JA, Salvi SS, Samy AM, Sanabria JR, Sanchez-Niño MD, Santos IS, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Saylan MI, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schulhofer-Wohl S, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Seid AM, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Shackelford KA, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Shaikh MA, Shamsipour M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shen J, Shetty BP, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shifa GT, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Shrime MG, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Silpakit N, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silveira DGA, Sindi S, Singh JA, Singh PK, Singh A, Singh V, Sinha DN, Skarbek KAK, Skiadaresi E, Sligar A, Smith DL, Sobaih BHA, Sobngwi E, Soneji S, Soriano JB, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Stöckl H, Stokes MA, Strong M, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi RA, Sunguya BF, Sur PJ, Swaminathan S, Sykes BL, Szoeke CEI, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla SK, Tadese F, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tarajia M, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Tekle DY, Temsah MH, Terkawi AS, Tesema CL, Tesssema B, Theis A, Thomas N, Thompson AH, Thomson AJ, Thrift AG, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tortajada M, Tran BX, Truelsen T, Trujillo U, Tsilimparis N, Tuem KB, Tuzcu EM, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uthman OA, Uzochukwu BSC, van Boven JFM, Varakin YY, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Vasconcelos AMN, Velasquez IM, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Violante FS, Vishnu A, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Vos T, Waid JL, Wakayo T, Wang YP, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Wijeratne T, Wilkinson JD, Wiysonge CS, Woldeyes BG, Wolfe CDA, Workicho A, Workie SB, Xavier D, Xu G, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yalew AZ, Yan LL, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Ye P, Yimam HH, Yip P, Yirsaw BD, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yotebieng M, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zeeb H, Zenebe ZM, Zerfu TA, Zhang AL, Zhang X, Zodpey S, Zuhlke LJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:1084-1150. [PMID: 28919115 PMCID: PMC5605514 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. INTERPRETATION Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
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Jain A, Singh PK, Chooramani G, Dixit P, Malhotra HS. Drug resistance and associated genetic mutations among patients with suspected MDR-TB in Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 20:870-5. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dixit P, Sharma V, Singh KR, Thapa BR, Rathore M. Conservative management of a case of traumatic pancreatitis in childhood: a case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1687-1689. [PMID: 24992606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is relatively uncommon in pediatric age group. Traumatic injury is an important cause of AP in children. Ductal disruption resulting from pancreatic trauma usually needs surgical intervention. A three-and-a-half year old child presented with complaints of abdominal pain and distension following blunt trauma abdomen. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed presence of grade III pancreatic injury with fluid collection in lesser sac. The patient was managed with antibiotics and pigtail drainage and he improved. Therapy for traumatic pancreatitis in paediatric patients must be individualised. Even high grade injuries can be managed non-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dixit
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Superspeciality of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Dixit P, Shek KL, Dietz HP. How common is pelvic floor muscle atrophy after vaginal childbirth? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43:83-88. [PMID: 23784670 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if there is evidence of levator ani atrophy in primiparous women. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study of 202 primiparous women recruited between November 2006 and March 2008. Translabial ultrasound volumes were obtained at 36-38 weeks' gestation and at a mean of 4.5 months postpartum. Peripartum changes in bladder neck elevation and reduction of anteroposterior hiatal diameter on pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) and changes in muscle thickness were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 202 participants enrolled, 158 (78%) completed the study. There was a significant reduction in bladder neck elevation (P = 0.001) and change in anteroposterior hiatal diameter (P = 0.03) on PFMC when comparing antenatal and postnatal results, the latter being significantly associated with delivery mode (P = 0.013). No significant changes were detected in muscle thickness (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS There is a reduction in sonographic measures of pelvic floor function after childbirth, but muscle atrophy is unlikely to be a significant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dixit
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Dixit P, Tripathi AC, Saraf SK. Synthesis and Characterization of Some Heteroaromatic Derivatives of 3-But-2-enoyl-chromen-2-one and Their Potential as Anti-inflammatory Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology; Lucknow 227105 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avinash C. Tripathi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology; Lucknow 227105 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shailendra K. Saraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology; Faizabad Road Lucknow 227105 Uttar Pradesh India
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Dixit P, Dwivedi LK, Ram F. Strategies to Improve Child Immunization via Antenatal Care Visits in India: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66175. [PMID: 23824555 PMCID: PMC3688852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the empirical evidence concerning the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors influencing child immunization, but no documentation is available which shows the actual impact of antenatal care (ANC) visits on subsequent child immunization. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the net impact of ANC visits on subsequent utilization of child immunization after removing the presence of selection bias. Nationwide data from India's latest National Family Health Survey conducted during 2005-06 is used for the present study. The analysis has been carried out in the two separate models, in the first model 1-2 ANC visit and in the second model three or more ANC visits has been compared with no visit. We have used propensity score matching method with a counterfactual model that assesses the actual ANC visits effect on treated (ANC visits) and untreated groups (no ANC visit), and have employed Mantel-Haenszel bounds to examine whether result would be free from hidden bias or not. Using matched sample analysis result shows that child immunization among the groups of women who have completed 1-2 ANC visits and those who had more than two visits was about 13 percent and 19 percent respectively, higher than the group of women who have not made any ANC visit. Findings of nearest neighbor matching with replacement method, which completely eliminated the bias, indicate that selection bias present in data set leads to overestimates the positive effects of ANC visits on child immunization. Result based on Mantel-Haenszel bounds method suggest that if around 19 percent bias would be involved in the result then also we could observe the true positive effect of 1-2 ANC visits on child immunization. This also indicates that antenatal clinics are the conventional platforms for educating pregnant women on the benefits of child immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Faujdar Ram
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Khan K, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Chakravarti B, Mittal M, Barbhuyan TK, China SP, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav D, Dixit P, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Positive skeletal effects of cladrin, a naturally occurring dimethoxydaidzein, in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment discontinuation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1455-70. [PMID: 22932734 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal in osteopenic rats were studied. Cladrin improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compressive strength, augmented coupled remodeling, and increased bone osteogenic genes. A significant skeletal gain was maintained 4 weeks after cladrin withdrawal. Findings suggest that cladrin has significant positive skeletal effects. INTRODUCTION We showed that a standardized extract of Butea monosperma preserved trabecular bone mass in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. Cladrin, the most abundant bioactive compound of the extract, promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats by stimulating osteoblast function. Here, we studied the effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal on the osteopenic bones. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were OVx and left untreated for 12 weeks to allow for significant estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, at which point cladrin (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for another 12 weeks. Half of the rats were killed at the end of the treatments and the other half at 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Sham-operated rats and OVx rats treated with PTH or 17β-estradiol (E2) served as various controls. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomographic analysis and fluorescent labeling of bone. qPCR and western blotting measured mRNA and protein levels in bone and uterus. Specific ELISA was used for measuring levels of serum PINP and urinary CTx. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, cladrin treatment dose dependently improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compression strength, bone formation rate (BFR), cortical thickness (Cs.Th), serum PINP levels, and expression of osteogenic genes in bones; and reduced expression of bone osteoclastogenic genes and urinary CTx levels. Cladrin had no uterine estrogenicity. Cladrin at 10 mg/kg maintained acquired skeletal gains 4 weeks after withdrawal. CONCLUSION Cladrin had positive skeletal effects in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, India
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Dixit P, Dwivedi LK, Ram F. Estimating the impact of antenatal care visits on institutional delivery in India: A propensity score matching analysis. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.55114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dixit P, Ram F, Dwivedi LK. Determinants of unwanted pregnancies in India using matched case-control designs. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012; 12:84. [PMID: 22883933 PMCID: PMC3475023 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, while the total fertility rate has been declined from 3.39 in 1992-93 to 2.68 in 2005-06, the prevalence of unintended pregnancy is still stagnant over the same period. A review of existing literature shows that within the country, there are variations in fertility preferences between different regions. Also there is a strong argument that the availability of a health facility at the village level plays an important role in reshaping the fertility behavior of women. Keeping in mind the fact that there is no information at the village level (which is the lowest geographical boundary) in the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the specific objective of this study is to examine the impact of individual and household level variables on unwanted pregnancies without controlling the village level variation. Further, once the village level variation (i.e. unobserved variation) has been controlled, it is necessary to study whether there has been any alteration in the contribution of factors from earlier results of without adjusting the village level variation. METHODS This paper attempts to examine the associated factors of unwanted pregnancies, without matching the village and after matching the village, by using the matched case-control design. Nationwide data from India's latest NFHS-3 conducted during 2005-06 was used for the present study. Frequency and pair wise matching has been applied in the present paper and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to work out the models and to find out the factors associated with unwanted pregnancies. RESULTS A major finding of this study was that 1:3 case-control study (without matching the village) shows that women belonging to non Hindu/Muslim religion, Scheduled Tribe, women who have experienced child loss and if the previous birth interval is 24 through 36 months were significant predictors of unwanted pregnancy. However, this relationship did not hold significant after village wise matching. Other factors such as Muslim religion, women and their partners with high school education and above, women belonging to the richest wealth index and if the sex of the last child was female, emerge as significant predictors of unwanted pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly underscores the importance of adjusting the village (PSU) level variation in explaining unwanted pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dixit
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Faujdar Ram
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Dixit P, Prakash T, Karki R, Kotresha D. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:476-483. [PMID: 22822527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To study the efficacy of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma bark in cafeteria and atherogenic diet fed rats and monosodium glutamate (MSG) obese rats, different doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma bark showed dose dependent decrease in body weight, daily food intake, glucose, lipids, internal organs' weight and fat pad weight in cafeteria and atherogenic diet fed rats and monosodium glutamate obese rats. The results suggested that B. monosperma has significant anti-obese activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 090, India
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