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Associations of locus of control, information processing style and anti-reflexivity with climate change scepticism in an Australian sample. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:322-339. [PMID: 36003054 DOI: 10.1177/09636625221116502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A proportion of the Australian public remains sceptical about the reality of climate change, its causes, impacts and the need for mitigatory action. To date, scepticism research largely focuses on factors highly resistant to change, particularly socio-demographic and value factors. This mixed-methods study investigated whether more malleable psychological factors: locus of control; information processing style; and anti-reflexivity, predicted climate change scepticism above and beyond socio-demographic and value factors. A sample of 390 participants (Mean age = 41.31, standard deviation = 18.72; 230 male) completed an electronic survey. Using hierarchical regression, trust in forces of anti-reflexivity and external locus of control predicted impact scepticism. Decreased trust in forces of reflexivity also predicted attribution and impact scepticism. Finally, external locus of control predicted response scepticism. Key qualitative themes identified were, trust in alternative science; mistrust of climate science; belief in natural cycles; predictions not becoming reality; and ulterior motives of interested parties.
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A qualitative study of Australian psychologists’ diagnostic questioning of clients’ sexual functioning: motivations from practitioner perspectives. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2022.2048295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Digestive Disease Week 2021. Virtual - May 21-21, 2021. DRUG FUTURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2021.46.8.3335975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The 39th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference. Virtual - January 11-14, 2021. DRUG FUTURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2021.46.4.3282270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Correlates of sport‐related concussion in male junior rugby union: A concurrent analysis of biopsychosocial factors. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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A review of attachment‐based parenting interventions: Recent advances and future considerations. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Corrigendum to "A systems approach to understanding the identification and treatment of sport-related concussion in community rugby union" [Appl. Ergono. 80C (2019) 256-264]. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 89:103220. [PMID: 32854827 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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8
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0548 Overnight Memory Consolidation in Insomnia versus Normal and Experimentally Disrupted Sleep. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Healthy sleep is assumed to play an important role in the consolidation of newly acquired memories. Evidence suggest that periods of sleep after learning facilitates memory consolidation relative to wakefulness. Insomnia is associated with cognitive impairment but few studies have assessed overnight memory consolidation. We compared overnight consolidation in people with insomnia to a group of good sleepers who were randomised to either a normal night of sleep (uninterrupted sleep, US) or one night of sleep continuity disruption via forced awakenings (FA).
Methods
51 good sleepers (37 female; mean age: 24 years, SD: 3.63), randomised to either one night of US (n=24) or one night of FA (n=27), were compared to 27 participants meeting criteria for insomnia disorder (23 female; mean age: 53 years, SD: 8.34) who were assessed at baseline as part of a randomised controlled trial of digital cognitive-behavioural therapy. Overnight memory consolidation (difference in correctly recalled word pairs between evening and morning recall) was assessed using the same word-pair task and protocol in the two lab-based studies.
Results
Overnight memory consolidation was significantly lower in the insomnia (mean: 5.4, SD: 5.8, p=0.001) and the FA (mean: 6.7, SD: 4.1, p<0.001) group compared to the US group (mean: 11.6, SD: 5.3). However, when adjusted for age only the FA group, but not the insomnia group, showed significantly lower memory performance than the US group.
Conclusion
While our findings suggest that overnight memory consolidation is impaired in insomnia relative to normal sleep we cannot rule out an age-related explanation given the difference in ages between the study samples. Future work will assess whether overnight consolidation improves following cognitive behavioural therapy.
Support
The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and the Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
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35th Annual European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress. Virtual Meeting - July 17-19, 2020. DRUG FUTURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2020.45.9.3211623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A systems approach to understanding the identification and treatment of sport-related concussion in community rugby union. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 80:256-264. [PMID: 28687400 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to utilise a systems thinking approach to explore the perceived responsibilities for identifying and treating concussion held by different actors across the community rugby system (e.g., players, coaches, parents, medics, referees, and management), as well as their role-specific concussion management strategies. METHODS A systems approach was taken to assess what different stakeholders within rugby systems perceive their roles to be regarding concussion identification and treatment. Through an online survey, 118 members of the amateur (community) rugby union system were asked about their role-specific concussion management responsibilities and strategies. Respondents included players, parents, medics, coaches, club managers, administrators, and volunteers. RESULTS The majority of respondents indicated that they were able to identify the symptoms of rugby-related concussion, however, only medics stated their responsibility to use formal concussion assessments (e.g., SCAT2). A smaller number of the respondents indicated that they were involved in treating concussion within their current role/s (majority of which were medics). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated that the current challenges in the identification and treatment of rugby-related concussion in community sport may be due to role/responsibility confusion and possible overreliance on field-side medics. These findings offer insight into the possible limitations of the current concussion management guidelines and may offer empirically based direction for future revisions.
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Abstract
Besides seeking social support, connecting with bereaved others, and maintaining relationships with the deceased, bereaved Facebook users may express their grief on Facebook to reduce their death anxiety. Notably, research has not yet explored the psychological outcomes of expressing grief on Facebook. This study undertook quantitative analysis of survey data from an initial community sample of 409 bereaved Facebook users (77.8% survey completion rate, n = 312; Mage = 34.46, SD = 12.38; 90% women) to ascertain whether expressions of grief on Facebook had negative psychological outcomes, and whether terror management theory (TMT) provided an appropriate lens for understanding Facebook grief expressions (FBGE). The aims of this study were three-fold: to clarify rates at which Facebook profiles of deceased users are deactivated, memorialized, unchanged, or managed; frequency and types of FBGE; and prevalence of/visitation to commemorative groups. Results-though insufficient to support TMT as an explanatory theoretical framework for FBGE-indicated that individuals who participated in FBGE reported higher anxiety and stress compared to bereaved individuals who did not express their grief on Facebook. Results provide a useful starting point for future research regarding online grieving behaviors and psychological wellbeing.
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0326 Identification of Objective and Subjective Markers of Sleep Health. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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36th Annual J.P.Morgan Healthcare Conference. San Francisco, California, USA - January 8-11, 2018. DRUG FUTURE 2018. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2018.043.01.2791325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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0057 A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF ADOLESCENT SLEEP IN THE UK - BASELINE SLEEPING PATTERNS FROM THE OXFORD TEENSLEEP COHORT. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Women's descriptions of childbirth trauma relating to care provider actions and interactions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28068932 PMCID: PMC5223347 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many women experience psychological trauma during birth. A traumatic birth can impact on postnatal mental health and family relationships. It is important to understand how interpersonal factors influence women’s experience of trauma in order to inform the development of care that promotes optimal psychosocial outcomes. Methods As part of a large mixed methods study, 748 women completed an online survey and answered the question ‘describe the birth trauma experience, and what you found traumatising’. Data relating to care provider actions and interactions were analysed using a six-phase inductive thematic analysis process. Results Four themes were identified in the data: ‘prioritising the care provider’s agenda’; ‘disregarding embodied knowledge’; ‘lies and threats’; and ‘violation’. Women felt that care providers prioritised their own agendas over the needs of the woman. This could result in unnecessary intervention as care providers attempted to alter the birth process to meet their own preferences. In some cases, women became learning resources for hospital staff to observe or practice on. Women’s own embodied knowledge about labour progress and fetal wellbeing was disregarded in favour of care provider’s clinical assessments. Care providers used lies and threats to coerce women into complying with procedures. In particular, these lies and threats related to the wellbeing of the baby. Women also described actions that were abusive and violent. For some women these actions triggered memories of sexual assault. Conclusion Care provider actions and interactions can influence women’s experience of trauma during birth. It is necessary to address interpersonal birth trauma on both a macro and micro level. Maternity service development and provision needs to be underpinned by a paradigm and framework that prioritises both the physical and emotional needs of women. Care providers require training and support to minimise interpersonal birth trauma.
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European Association of Urology - 32nd Annual Congress (March 24-28, 2017 - London, UK). Drugs Today (Barc) 2017; 53:257-263. [DOI: 10.1358/dot.2017.53.4.2630607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2232-2239. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1265140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Paternal mental health following perceived traumatic childbirth. Midwifery 2016; 41:125-131. [PMID: 27621058 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the objective behind the current study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of fathers after childbirth trauma, an area of minimal research. This is part two of a two-part series conducted in 2014 researching the mental health of fathers after experiencing a perceived traumatic childbirth. DESIGN qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews and reporting of qualitative questions administered in part one's online survey (Inglis, 2014). SETTING interviews conducted face-to-face at an Australian University or on Skype. PARTICIPANTS sixty-nine responded to the online qualitative questions and of these seven were interviewed. MEASUREMENTS thematic analysis of verbal and written qualitative responses. FINDINGS thematic analysis of qualitative survey data and interviews found a global theme 'standing on the sideline' which encompassed two major themes of witnessing trauma: unknown territory, and the aftermath: dealing with it, and respective subthemes. KEY CONCLUSIONS according to the perceptions and experiences of the fathers, there was a significant lack of communication between birthing teams and fathers, and fathers experienced a sense of marginalisation before, during, and after the traumatic childbirth. The findings of this study suggest that these factors contributed to the perception of trauma in the current sample. Whilst many fathers reported the negative impact of the traumatic birth on themselves and their relationships, some reported post-traumatic growth from the experience and others identified friends and family as a valuable source of support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE improved communication between midwifery staff and fathers before, during and after childbirth may reduce the rates of paternal postpartum mental health difficulties and experiences of trauma.
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Executive function in adolescents with PKU and their siblings: Associations with biochemistry. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 4:87-8. [PMID: 26937416 PMCID: PMC4750585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research shows consistent and marked executive function impairment in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria. This between groups analysis (phenylketonuria group vs sibling controls) found no significant differences in executive function (although adolescents with phenylketonuria performed slightly worse than their siblings). Biochemical relationships with executive function were confined to long-term measures of high phenylalanine:tyrosine ratio exposure, as well as tyrosine exposure independent of phenylalanine. This study suggests that early and continuously treated PKU results in non-significant EF differences (compared to siblings), although the influence of long-term exposure to poorer metabolic control is still evident.
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European Respiratory Society - 26th International Congress. London, UK - September 3-7, 2016. DRUG FUTURE 2016. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2016.041.10.2544831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs, Self-Determined Exercise Motivation, and Psychological Well-Being in Mothers Exercising in Group-Based Versus Individual-Based Contexts. Health Care Women Int 2015; 37:568-82. [PMID: 26252897 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2015.1078333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared mothers who exercised predominantly in group settings, those who exercised predominantly in individual settings, and those who exercised equally in group and individual contexts among the following: (a) satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness); (b) self-determined exercise motivation; and (c) psychological well-being. With clear implications for mothers' exercise interventions we found that exercising either predominantly in group contexts or in mixed group and individual settings was associated with mothers having significantly higher satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-determined exercise motivation than those exercising predominantly alone.
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Effect of an obesity pamphlet on parental perception and knowledge of excess weight in their children: results of a randomised controlled trial. Health Promot J Austr 2015; 26:129-132. [PMID: 25986292 DOI: 10.1071/he14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED This study examined the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention in increasing parental knowledge of childhood obesity risk factors and ability to correctly identify their child's weight status. METHODS Eighty parents were randomly allocated to an experimental group given an obesity pamphlet or a control group given a stress management pamphlet. A survey measured parents' knowledge about risk factors, cause and consequences of childhood obesity, and perception of their child's weight. RESULTS Parents with overweight or obese children increased their understanding of childhood obesity immediately after receiving the intervention, but did not differ significantly on perception of their child's weight. CONCLUSION The experimental intervention increased knowledge of health risks associated with childhood obesity in parents of overweight or obese children. Parental perception of their child's weight status did not improve, suggesting that other factors have a role to play. SO WHAT? The obesity pamphlet may be a useful tool in a multifaceted approach targeting childhood obesity.
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Abstract
AIM This article explores the challenges, support needs and coping strategies of caregivers of people with an acquired brain injury (ABI). METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers (n = 20) to explore their support services received, access barriers, utility of services, needed supports, coping strategies and factors promoting life satisfaction. The team recorded, transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed all interviews. RESULTS Through thematic data analysis, three central themes were revealed: (a) barriers impeding quality-of-life, (b) support needed to improve quality-of-life and (c) factors enabling quality-of-life. All perspectives from the participants involved are synthesized to provide a rich depiction of caregivers' support needs and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS Two specific findings of interest include a negative association between severity of brain injury and caregiver's desire to direct treatment, as well as a distinct service gap in assistance for caregivers who are caring for someone with violent/offending behaviours. This study recommends short- and long-term changes, given Australia's upcoming National Disability Insurance Scheme, to increase caregiver quality-of-life, which will ultimately affect the rehabilitation outcomes of persons with ABI.
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Abstract
Hyperphenylalaninemia is a variant of phenylketonuria, and debate remains as to what, if any, active management of this condition is required to preserve cognitive function and psychological well-being. This study is the first to examine longitudinally the executive function (EF) in adolescents with hyperphenylalaninemia. Two sibling pairs with mild hyperphenylalaninemia underwent neuropsychological examination in early childhood and again in adolescence using EF tests that were highly sensitive to phenylalanine exposure. By early adolescence, none of the 4 children demonstrated EF impairment. The children demonstrated a typical developmental trajectory of EF from childhood to adolescence, given phenylalanine exposure consistent with their condition.
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Continuing professional development in nursing in Australia: Current awareness, practice and future directions. Contemp Nurse 2014; 45:33-45. [DOI: 10.5172/conu.2013.45.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A cross-sectional investigation of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and health-behavior participation in Australian university students. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 17:134-142. [PMID: 24799077 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transitioning to university involves a major life change that can have implications for physical and mental health. This study had three objectives: first, assess the mental health and health-behavior participation of Australian university students; second, evaluate clustering of health behaviors; and third, examine how mental health relates to health behaviors. University students (n = 751) enrolled at an Australian regional university completed an online survey containing the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales and a health-behavior questionnaire. Over one-third of students reported mild or higher mental illness symptoms and most reported engaging in multiple unhealthy behaviors. Furthermore, mental health was associated with unhealthy behaviors. For males, depressive symptoms were associated with skipping breakfast and poor sleep quality. For females, depressive symptoms were associated with skipping breakfast, inadequate vigorous physical activity, and short or long sleep hours. Stress symptoms in females were associated with healthy sleep hours, but poor sleep quality. Future research may consider whether an intervention targeting one or two key health behaviors has utility in improving participation in other health behaviors and mental health.
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The 32nd Annual JP Morgan Healthcare Conference (Part XVI) - A presentation by Sangamo BioSciences, San Francisco, California, USA - January 13-16, 2014. DRUG FUTURE 2014. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2014.039.03.2134393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cancer targets and therapeutics - GTC's fifth annual conference, Boston, MA, USA, July 7-8, 2014. DRUG FUTURE 2014. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2014.039.010.2226500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The 32nd Annual JP Morgan Healthcare Conference (Part XIX) - A presentation by Prosensa Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA - January 13-16, 2014. DRUG FUTURE 2014. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2014.039.03.2134392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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A psychological overview of counselling adolescents in healthy eating behaviours. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2013.779930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Return-to-play confusion: considerations for sport-related concussion. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2013; 10:127-128. [PMID: 23288443 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-012-9421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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33
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Continuing Professional Development in Nursing in Australia: Current Awareness, Practice and Future Directions. Contemp Nurse 2013. [DOI: 10.5172/conu.2013.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Luminance Constrains Colour Edge Information. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Selective mechanisms for relative phase demonstrated by compound adaptation. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tyrosine monitoring in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria: results of an international practice survey. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33 Suppl 3:S417-20. [PMID: 20882350 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the biochemical markers associated with executive function (EF) impairment in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (ECT-PKU) remain largely phenylalanine-only focused, despite experimental data showing that a high phenylalanine:tyrosine (phe:tyr) ratio is more strongly associated with EF deficit than phe alone. A high phe:tyr ratio is hypothesized to lead to a reduction in dopamine synthesis within the brain, which in turn results in the development of EF impairment. This paper provides a snapshot of current practice in the monitoring and/or treatment of tyrosine levels in children with PKU, across 12 countries from Australasia, North America and Europe. Tyrosine monitoring in this population has increased over the last 5 years, with over 80% of clinics surveyed reporting routine monitoring of tyrosine levels in infancy alongside phe levels. Twenty-five percent of clinics surveyed reported actively treating/managing tyrosine levels (with supplemental tyrosine above that contained in PKU formulas) to ensure tyrosine levels remain within normal ranges. Anecdotally, supplemental tyrosine has been reported to ameliorate symptoms of both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression in this population. EF assessment of children with ECT-PKU was likewise highly variable, with 50% of clinics surveyed reporting routine assessments of intellectual function. However when function was assessed, test instruments chosen tended towards global measures of IQ prior to school entry, rather than specific assessment of EF development. Further investigation of the role of tyrosine and its relationship with phe and EF development is needed to establish whether routine tyrosine monitoring and increased supplementation is recommended.
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A Preliminary Investigation of the Role of the Phenylalynine:Tyrosine Ratio in Children With Early and Continuously Treated Phenylketonuria: Toward Identification of “Safe” Levels. Dev Neuropsychol 2009; 35:57-65. [DOI: 10.1080/87565640903325725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Biochemical markers associated with executive function in adolescents with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria. Clin Genet 2009; 75:169-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Wrongful life actions: the legal and ethical hurdles. JOURNAL OF LAW AND MEDICINE 2001; 9:233-237. [PMID: 12375503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the various legal and ethical issues arising out of the cause of action for wrongful life. This action involves a claim by a child that but for the negligence of the doctor, hospital or other medical institution, his or her mother would have terminated the pregnancy and he or she would not have been born. The courts have generally rejected this cause of action on the basis of legal, ethical and policy considerations. The author proposes that the legal hurdles can be overcome and that the ethical and policy considerations do not outweigh the desirability of upholding wrongful life claims.
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Abstract
Gated 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance followed the metabolic fluctuation in rat gastrocnemius muscle during a contraction cycle. Within 16 ms after stimulation, the phosphocreatine (PCr) level drops 11.3% from its reference state. The PCr minimum corresponds closely to the time of maximum force contraction. Pi increases stoichiometrically, while ATP remains constant. During a twitch, PCr hydrolysis produces 3.1 mumol ATP/g tissue, which is substantially higher than the reported 0.3 mumol ATP.twitch-1.g tissue-1 derived from steady-state experiments. The results reveal that a substantial energy fluctuation accompanies a muscle twitch.
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Preparing for shared care. NURSING MIRROR 1984; 159:16-9. [PMID: 6566325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Notes on the preparation and assay of anti-lymphocytic serum for use in mice. Immunology 1968; 15:697-705. [PMID: 4880356 PMCID: PMC1409531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The `activity' of rabbit anti-mouse ALS was measured in terms of its power to prolong the life of A-strain homografts on CBA mice. Antisera raised by lymphocytes from mice of other strains were active in CBA mice, and conversely antisera raised by CBA lymphocytes were active in mice of other strains. All active sera were cytotoxic to mouse lymphocytes in the presence of mouse complement, but not all cytotoxic sera were active. ALS raised in species (chicken, duck) of which the sera do not bind with mouse complement were inactive in mice. Neither cytotoxicity nor the power to circumvent graft-versus-host reactions give adequate measures of the activity of impure antisera. Good antiserum (`two-pulse' ALS) for use in mice could be raised in New Zealand White rabbits by the intravenous injection of 109 mouse thymocytes on two occasions 14 days apart, followed by bleeding out 7 days after the second injection. Further injections of antigen increased the titre of undesirable contaminants in ALS (e.g. red cell agglutinins) but usually did not increase (and sometimes lowered) activity. ALS raised with adjuvants, though powerful, was highly toxic and required extensive absorption.
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