1
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Lopez BNK, Ceciliato PHO, Takahashi Y, Rangel FJ, Salem EA, Kernig K, Chow K, Zhang L, Sidhom MA, Seitz CG, Zheng T, Sibout R, Laudencia-Chingcuanco DL, Woods DP, McCammon JA, Vogel JP, Schroeder JI. CO2 Response Screen in Grass Brachypodium Reveals Key Role of a MAP Kinase in CO2-Triggered Stomatal Closure. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae262. [PMID: 38709683 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Plants respond to increased CO2 concentrations through stomatal closure, which can contribute to increased water use efficiency. Grasses display faster stomatal responses than eudicots due to dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by subsidiary cells working in opposition. However, forward genetic screening for stomatal CO2 signal transduction mutants in grasses has yet to be reported. The grass model Brachypodium distachyon is closely related to agronomically important cereal crops, sharing largely collinear genomes. To gain insights into CO2 control mechanisms of stomatal movements in grasses, we developed an unbiased forward genetic screen with an EMS-mutagenized Brachypodium distachyon M5 generation population using infrared imaging to identify plants with altered leaf temperatures at elevated CO2. Among isolated mutants, a "chill1" mutant exhibited cooler leaf temperatures than wildtype Bd21-3 parent control plants after exposure to increased [CO2]. chill1 plants showed strongly impaired high CO2-induced stomatal closure despite retaining a robust abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing response. Through bulked segregant whole-genome-sequencing analyses followed by analyses of further backcrossed F4 generation plants and generation and characterization of sodium-azide and CRISPR-cas9 mutants, chill1 was mapped to a protein kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 5 (BdMPK5). The chill1 mutation impaired BdMPK5 protein-mediated CO2/HCO3- sensing together with the High Temperature 1 (HT1) Raf-like kinase in vitro. Furthermore, AlphaFold2-directed structural modeling predicted that the identified BdMPK5-D90N chill1 mutant residue is located at the interface of BdMPK5 with the BdHT1 Raf-like kinase. BdMPK5 is a key signaling component that mediates CO2-induced stomatal movements and is proposed to function as a component of the primary CO2 sensor in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn N K Lopez
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa Ward, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0813, Japan
| | - Felipe J Rangel
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Evana A Salem
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Klara Kernig
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Kelly Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Morgana A Sidhom
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Christian G Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Tingwen Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Equipe Paroi Végétale et Polymères Pariétaux (PVPP), Impasse Y. Cauchois/Site de la Géraudière BP71627, 44316 NANTES cedex 03, FRANCE
| | | | - Daniel P Woods
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - John P Vogel
- U.S. Dept. of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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2
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Thieme M, Minadakis N, Himber C, Keller B, Xu W, Rutowicz K, Matteoli C, Böhrer M, Rymen B, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Vogel JP, Sibout R, Stritt C, Blevins T, Roulin AC. Transposition of HOPPLA in siRNA-deficient plants suggests a limited effect of the environment on retrotransposon mobility in Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011200. [PMID: 38470914 PMCID: PMC10959353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are powerful mutagens regarded as a major source of genetic novelty and important drivers of evolution. Yet, the uncontrolled and potentially selfish proliferation of LTR-RTs can lead to deleterious mutations and genome instability, with large fitness costs for their host. While population genomics data suggest that an ongoing LTR-RT mobility is common in many species, the understanding of their dual role in evolution is limited. Here, we harness the genetic diversity of 320 sequenced natural accessions of the Mediterranean grass Brachypodium distachyon to characterize how genetic and environmental factors influence plant LTR-RT dynamics in the wild. When combining a coverage-based approach to estimate global LTR-RT copy number variations with mobilome-sequencing of nine accessions exposed to eight different stresses, we find little evidence for a major role of environmental factors in LTR-RT accumulations in B. distachyon natural accessions. Instead, we show that loss of RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), which mediates RNA-directed DNA methylation in plants, results in high transcriptional and transpositional activities of RLC_BdisC024 (HOPPLA) LTR-RT family elements, and that these effects are not stress-specific. This work supports findings indicating an ongoing mobility in B. distachyon and reveals that host RNA-directed DNA methylation rather than environmental factors controls their mobility in this wild grass model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thieme
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Minadakis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Himber
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bettina Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Rutowicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Calvin Matteoli
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Böhrer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bart Rymen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Vogel
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité BIA- 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages Equipe Paroi Végétale et Polymères Pariétaux (PVPP), Nantes, France
| | - Christoph Stritt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Todd Blevins
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne C. Roulin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Kairouani A, Pontier D, Picart C, Mounet F, Martinez Y, Le-Bot L, Fanuel M, Hammann P, Belmudes L, Merret R, Azevedo J, Carpentier MC, Gagliardi D, Couté Y, Sibout R, Bies-Etheve N, Lagrange T. Cell-type-specific control of secondary cell wall formation by Musashi-type translational regulators in Arabidopsis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88207. [PMID: 37773033 PMCID: PMC10541177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanism of secondary cell wall/SCW formation in plants is key to understanding their development and the molecular basis of biomass recalcitrance. Although transcriptional regulation is essential for SCW formation, little is known about the implication of post-transcriptional mechanisms in this process. Here we report that two bonafide RNA-binding proteins homologous to the animal translational regulator Musashi, MSIL2 and MSIL4, function redundantly to control SCW formation in Arabidopsis. MSIL2/4 interactomes are similar and enriched in proteins involved in mRNA binding and translational regulation. MSIL2/4 mutations alter SCW formation in the fibers, leading to a reduction in lignin deposition, and an increase of 4-O-glucuronoxylan methylation. In accordance, quantitative proteomics of stems reveal an overaccumulation of glucuronoxylan biosynthetic machinery, including GXM3, in the msil2/4 mutant stem. We showed that MSIL4 immunoprecipitates GXM mRNAs, suggesting a novel aspect of SCW regulation, linking post-transcriptional control to the regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Kairouani
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Dominique Pontier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546Castanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Yves Martinez
- FRAIB-CNRS Plateforme ImagerieCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Lucie Le-Bot
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
- PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade de CNRS, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048GrenobleFrance
| | - Remy Merret
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Jacinthe Azevedo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Dominique Gagliardi
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, IBMP, CNRS, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048GrenobleFrance
| | - Richard Sibout
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Natacha Bies-Etheve
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Thierry Lagrange
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
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4
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Woods DP, Li W, Sibout R, Shao M, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Vogel JP, Dubcovsky J, Amasino RM. PHYTOCHROME C regulation of photoperiodic flowering via PHOTOPERIOD1 is mediated by EARLY FLOWERING 3 in Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010706. [PMID: 37163541 PMCID: PMC10171608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Daylength sensing in many plants is critical for coordinating the timing of flowering with the appropriate season. Temperate climate-adapted grasses such as Brachypodium distachyon flower during the spring when days are becoming longer. The photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME C is essential for long-day (LD) flowering in B. distachyon. PHYC is required for the LD activation of a suite of genes in the photoperiod pathway including PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) that, in turn, result in the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1)/FLORIGEN, which causes flowering. Thus, B. distachyon phyC mutants are extremely delayed in flowering. Here we show that PHYC-mediated activation of PPD1 occurs via EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a component of the evening complex in the circadian clock. The extreme delay of flowering of the phyC mutant disappears when combined with an elf3 loss-of-function mutation. Moreover, the dampened PPD1 expression in phyC mutant plants is elevated in phyC/elf3 mutant plants consistent with the rapid flowering of the double mutant. We show that loss of PPD1 function also results in reduced FT1 expression and extremely delayed flowering consistent with results from wheat and barley. Additionally, elf3 mutant plants have elevated expression levels of PPD1, and we show that overexpression of ELF3 results in delayed flowering associated with a reduction of PPD1 and FT1 expression, indicating that ELF3 represses PPD1 transcription consistent with previous studies showing that ELF3 binds to the PPD1 promoter. Indeed, PPD1 is the main target of ELF3-mediated flowering as elf3/ppd1 double mutant plants are delayed flowering. Our results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream from PHYC and acts as a repressor of PPD1 in the photoperiod flowering pathway of B. distachyon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Woods
- Dept. Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, Versailles Cedex, France
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Mingqin Shao
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Dept. Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Amasino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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5
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Nunes TDG, Berg LS, Slawinska MW, Zhang D, Redt L, Sibout R, Vogel JP, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Jesenofsky B, Lindner H, Raissig MT. Regulation of hair cell and stomatal size by a hair cell-specific peroxidase in the grass Brachypodium distachyon. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1844-1854.e6. [PMID: 37086717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The leaf epidermis is the outermost cell layer forming the interface between plants and the atmosphere that must both provide a robust barrier against (a)biotic stressors and facilitate carbon dioxide uptake and leaf transpiration.1 To achieve these opposing requirements, the plant epidermis developed a wide range of specialized cell types such as stomata and hair cells. Although factors forming these individual cell types are known,2,3,4,5 it is poorly understood how their number and size are coordinated. Here, we identified a role for BdPRX76/BdPOX, a class III peroxidase, in regulating hair cell and stomatal size in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. In bdpox mutants, prickle hair cells were smaller and stomata were longer. Because stomatal density remained unchanged, the negative correlation between stomatal size and density was disrupted in bdpox and resulted in higher stomatal conductance and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency. BdPOX was exclusively expressed in hair cells, suggesting that BdPOX cell-autonomously promotes hair cell size and indirectly restricts stomatal length. Cell-wall autofluorescence and lignin stainings indicated a role for BdPOX in the lignification or crosslinking of related phenolic compounds at the hair cell base. Ectopic expression of BdPOX in the stomatal lineage increased phenolic autofluorescence in guard cell (GC) walls and restricted stomatal elongation in bdpox. Together, we highlight a developmental interplay between hair cells and stomata that optimizes epidermal functionality. We propose that cell-type-specific changes disrupt this interplay and lead to compensatory developmental defects in other epidermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D G Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea S Berg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena W Slawinska
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Redt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Sibout
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - John P Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Barbara Jesenofsky
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Lindner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
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6
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Francin-Allami M, Bouder A, Geairon A, Alvarado C, Le-Bot L, Daniel S, Shao M, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Vogel JP, Guillon F, Bonnin E, Saulnier L, Sibout R. Mixed-Linkage Glucan Is the Main Carbohydrate Source and Starch Is an Alternative Source during Brachypodium Grain Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076821. [PMID: 37047802 PMCID: PMC10095428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon are unusual because they contain very little starch and high levels of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) accumulated in thick cell walls. It was suggested that MLG might supplement starch as a storage carbohydrate and may be mobilised during germination. In this work, we observed massive degradation of MLG during germination in both endosperm and nucellar epidermis. The enzymes responsible for the MLG degradation were identified in germinated grains and characterized using heterologous expression. By using mutants targeting MLG biosynthesis genes, we showed that the expression level of genes coding for MLG and starch-degrading enzymes was modified in the germinated grains of knocked-out cslf6 mutants depleted in MLG but with higher starch content. Our results suggest a substrate-dependent regulation of the storage sugars during germination. These overall results demonstrated the function of MLG as the main carbohydrate source during germination of Brachypodium grain. More astonishingly, cslf6 Brachypodium mutants are able to adapt their metabolism to the lack of MLG by modifying the energy source for germination and the expression of genes dedicated for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingqin Shao
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - John P Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Meng Y, Varshney K, Incze N, Badics E, Kamran M, Davies SF, Oppermann LMF, Magne K, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Sibout R, Vogel J, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Bond CS, Soós V, Gutjahr C, Waters MT. KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 regulates leaf development, root system architecture and arbuscular-mycorrhizal symbiosis in Brachypodium distachyon. Plant J 2022; 109:1559-1574. [PMID: 34953105 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is an α/β-hydrolase required for plant responses to karrikins, which are abiotic butenolides that can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Although represented by four angiosperm species, loss-of-function kai2 mutants are phenotypically inconsistent and incompletely characterised, resulting in uncertainties about the core functions of KAI2 in plant development. Here we characterised the developmental functions of KAI2 in the grass Brachypodium distachyon using molecular, physiological and biochemical approaches. Bdkai2 mutants exhibit increased internode elongation and reduced leaf chlorophyll levels, but only a modest increase in water loss from detached leaves. Bdkai2 shows increased numbers of lateral roots and reduced root hair growth, and fails to support normal root colonisation by arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The karrikins KAR1 and KAR2 , and the strigolactone (SL) analogue rac-GR24, each elicit overlapping but distinct changes to the shoot transcriptome via BdKAI2. Finally, we show that BdKAI2 exhibits a clear ligand preference for desmethyl butenolides and weak responses to methyl-substituted SL analogues such as GR24. Our findings suggest that KAI2 has multiple roles in shoot development, root system development and transcriptional regulation in grasses. Although KAI2-dependent AM symbiosis is likely conserved within monocots, the magnitude of the effect of KAI2 on water relations may vary across angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Meng
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kartikye Varshney
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Norbert Incze
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sabrina F Davies
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Larissa M F Oppermann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Abdel Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, Versailles Cedex, F-78026, France
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, Nantes, 44300, France
| | - John Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | | | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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8
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Liu S, Magne K, Daniel S, Sibout R, Ratet P. Brachypodium distachyon UNICULME4 and LAXATUM-A are redundantly required for development. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:363-381. [PMID: 34662405 PMCID: PMC8774750 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated grasses, tillering, leaf, and inflorescence architecture, as well as abscission ability, are major agronomical traits. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes are essential regulators of vegetative and reproductive development. Grass species usually possess 2-4 NBCL copies and until now a single study in O. sativa showed that the disruption of all NBCL genes strongly altered O. sativa leaf development. To improve our understanding of the role of NBCL genes in grasses, we extended the study of the two NBCL paralogs BdUNICULME4 (CUL4) and BdLAXATUM-A (LAXA) in the nondomesticated grass B. distachyon. For this, we applied reversed genetics and generated original B. distachyon single and double nbcl mutants by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) approaches and genetic crossing between nbcl targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) mutants. Through the study of original single laxa CRISPR-Cas9 null alleles, we validated functions previously proposed for LAXA in tillering, leaf patterning, inflorescence, and flower development and also unveiled roles for these genes in seed yield. Furthermore, the characterization of cul4laxa double mutants revealed essential functions for nbcl genes in B. distachyon development, especially in the regulation of tillering, stem cell elongation and secondary cell wall composition as well as for the transition toward the reproductive phase. Our results also highlight recurrent antagonist interactions between NBCLs occurring in multiple aspects of B. distachyon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sylviane Daniel
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
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9
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Lapierre C, Sibout R, Laurans F, Lesage-Descauses MC, Déjardin A, Pilate G. p-Coumaroylation of poplar lignins impacts lignin structure and improves wood saccharification. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1374-1386. [PMID: 34618081 PMCID: PMC8566233 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose, referred to as saccharification, is severely hampered by lignins. Here, we analyzed transgenic poplars (Populus tremula × Populus alba) expressing the Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon) p-coumaroyl-Coenzyme A monolignol transferase 1 (BdPMT1) gene driven by the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (AtC4H) promoter in the wild-type (WT) line and in a line overexpressing the Arabidopsis Ferulate 5-Hydroxylase (AtF5H). BdPMT1 encodes a transferase which catalyzes the acylation of monolignols by p-coumaric acid (pCA). Several BdPMT1-OE/WT and BdPMT1-OE/AtF5H-OE lines were grown in the greenhouse, and BdPMT1 expression in xylem was confirmed by RT-PCR. Analyses of poplar stem cell walls (CWs) and of the corresponding purified dioxan lignins (DLs) revealed that BdPMT1-OE lignins were as p-coumaroylated as lignins from C3 grass straws. For some transformants, pCA levels reached 11 mg·g-1 CW and 66 mg·g-1 DL, exceeding levels in Brachypodium or wheat (Triticum aestivum) samples. This unprecedentedly high lignin p-coumaroylation affected neither poplar growth nor stem lignin content. Interestingly, p-coumaroylation of poplar lignins was not favored in BdPMT1-OE/AtF5H-OE transgenic lines despite their high frequency of syringyl units. However, lignins of all BdPMT1-OE lines were structurally modified, with an increase of terminal unit with free phenolic groups. Relative to controls, this increase argues for a reduced polymerization degree of BdPMT1-OE lignins and makes them more soluble in cold NaOH solution. The p-coumaroylation of poplar samples improved the saccharification yield of alkali-pretreated CW, demonstrating that the genetically driven p-coumaroylation of lignins is a promising strategy to make wood lignins more susceptible to alkaline treatments used during the industrial processing of lignocellulosics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Pilate
- INRAE, ONF, BioForA, Orléans, France
- Author for communication:
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10
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Sakai K, Citerne S, Antelme S, Le Bris P, Daniel S, Bouder A, D'Orlando A, Cartwright A, Tellier F, Pateyron S, Delannoy E, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Mouille G, Palauqui JC, Vogel J, Sibout R. BdERECTA controls vasculature patterning and phloem-xylem organization in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:196. [PMID: 33892630 PMCID: PMC8067424 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular system of plants consists of two main tissue types, xylem and phloem. These tissues are organized into vascular bundles that are arranged into a complex network running through the plant that is essential for the viability of land plants. Despite their obvious importance, the genes involved in the organization of vascular tissues remain poorly understood in grasses. RESULTS We studied in detail the vascular network in stems from the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) and identified a large set of genes differentially expressed in vascular bundles versus parenchyma tissues. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of vascularization in grasses, we conducted a forward genetic screen for abnormal vasculature. We identified a mutation that severely affected the organization of vascular tissues. This mutant displayed defects in anastomosis of the vascular network and uncommon amphivasal vascular bundles. The causal mutation is a premature stop codon in ERECTA, a LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase. Mutations in this gene are pleiotropic indicating that it serves multiple roles during plant development. This mutant also displayed changes in cell wall composition, gene expression and hormone homeostasis. CONCLUSION In summary, ERECTA has a pleiotropic role in Brachypodium. We propose a major role of ERECTA in vasculature anastomosis and vascular tissue organization in Brachypodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakai
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | - Amy Cartwright
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94598, USA
| | - Frédérique Tellier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Jean Christophe Palauqui
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - John Vogel
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94598, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France.
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11
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Perkins ML, Schuetz M, Unda F, Smith RA, Sibout R, Hoffmann NJ, Wong DCJ, Castellarin SD, Mansfield SD, Samuels L. Dwarfism of high-monolignol Arabidopsis plants is rescued by ectopic LACCASE overexpression. Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00265. [PMID: 33005856 PMCID: PMC7520647 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a key secondary cell wall chemical constituent, and is both a barrier to biomass utilization and a potential source of bioproducts. The Arabidopsis transcription factors MYB58 and MYB63 have been shown to upregulate gene expression of the general phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthetic pathways. The overexpression of these genes also results in dwarfism. The vascular integrity, soluble phenolic profiles, cell wall lignin, and transcriptomes associated with these MYB-overexpressing lines were characterized. Plants with high expression of MYB58 and MYB63 had increased ectopic lignin and the xylem vessels were regular and open, suggesting that the stunted growth is not associated with loss of vascular conductivity. MYB58 and MYB63 overexpression lines had characteristic soluble phenolic profiles with large amounts of monolignol glucosides and sinapoyl esters, but decreased flavonoids. Because loss of function lac4 lac17 mutants also accumulate monolignol glucosides, we hypothesized that LACCASE overexpression might decrease monolignol glucoside levels in the MYB-overexpressing plant lines. When laccases related to lignification (LAC4 or LAC17) were co-overexpressed with MYB63 or MYB58, the dwarf phenotype was rescued. Moreover, the overexpression of either LAC4 or LAC17 led to wild-type monolignol glucoside levels, as well as wild-type lignin levels in the rescued plants. Transcriptomes of the rescued double MYB63-OX/LAC17-OX overexpression lines showed elevated, but attenuated, expression of the MYB63 gene itself and the direct transcriptional targets of MYB63. Contrasting the dwarfism from overabundant monolignol production with dwarfism from lignin mutants provides insight into some of the proposed mechanisms of lignin modification-induced dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages)INRANantesFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Lacey Samuels
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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12
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Woods DP, Dong Y, Bouché F, Mayer K, Varner L, Ream TS, Thrower N, Wilkerson C, Cartwright A, Sibout R, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Vogel J, Amasino RM. Mutations in the predicted DNA polymerase subunit POLD3 result in more rapid flowering of Brachypodium distachyon. New Phytol 2020; 227:1725-1735. [PMID: 32173866 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The timing of reproduction is a critical developmental decision in the life cycle of many plant species. Fine mapping of a rapid-flowering mutant was done using whole-genome sequence data from bulked DNA from a segregating F2 mapping populations. The causative mutation maps to a gene orthologous with the third subunit of DNA polymerase δ (POLD3), a previously uncharacterized gene in plants. Expression analyses of POLD3 were conducted via real time qPCR to determine when and in what tissues the gene is expressed. To better understand the molecular basis of the rapid-flowering phenotype, transcriptomic analyses were conducted in the mutant vs wild-type. Consistent with the rapid-flowering mutant phenotype, a range of genes involved in floral induction and flower development are upregulated in the mutant. Our results provide the first characterization of the developmental and gene expression phenotypes that result from a lesion in POLD3 in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Woods
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yinxin Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Frédéric Bouché
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin Mayer
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leah Varner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas S Ream
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas Thrower
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Curtis Wilkerson
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Amy Cartwright
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | | | - John Vogel
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Richard M Amasino
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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13
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Coomey JH, Sibout R, Hazen SP. Grass secondary cell walls, Brachypodium distachyon as a model for discovery. New Phytol 2020; 227:1649-1667. [PMID: 32285456 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of plant growth is the synthesis and deposition of cell walls. In specific tissues and cell types including xylem and fibre, a thick secondary wall comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is deposited. Secondary cell walls provide a physical barrier that protects plants from pathogens, promotes tolerance to abiotic stresses and fortifies cells to withstand the forces associated with water transport and the physical weight of plant structures. Grasses have numerous cell wall features that are distinct from eudicots and other plants. Study of the model species Brachypodium distachyon as well as other grasses has revealed numerous features of the grass cell wall. These include the characterisation of xylosyl and arabinosyltransferases, a mixed-linkage glucan synthase and hydroxycinnamate acyltransferases. Perhaps the most fertile area for discovery has been the formation of lignins, including the identification of novel substrates and enzyme activities towards the synthesis of monolignols. Other enzymes function as polymerising agents or transferases that modify lignins and facilitate interactions with polysaccharides. The regulatory aspects of cell wall biosynthesis are largely overlapping with those of eudicots, but salient differences among species have been resolved that begin to identify the determinants that define grass cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Coomey
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Samuel P Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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14
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Magne K, Liu S, Massot S, Dalmais M, Morin H, Sibout R, Bendahmane A, Ratet P. Roles of BdUNICULME4 and BdLAXATUM-A in the non-domesticated grass Brachypodium distachyon. Plant J 2020; 103:645-659. [PMID: 32343459 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated grasses, tillering, spike architecture and seed shattering represent major agronomical traits. In barley, maize and rice, the NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes play important roles in development, especially in ligule development, tillering and flower identity. However, compared with dicots, the role of grass NBCL genes is underinvestigated. To better understand the role of grass NBCLs and to overcome any effects of domestication that might conceal their original functions, we studied TILLING nbcl mutants in the non-domesticated grass Brachypodium distachyon. In B. distachyon, the NBCL genes BdUNICULME4 (CUL4) and BdLAXATUM-A (LAXA) are orthologous, respectively, to the barley HvUniculme4 and HvLaxatum-a, to the maize Zmtassels replace upper ears1 and Zmtassels replace upper ears2 and to the rice OsBLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 and OsBLADE-ON-PETIOLE2/3. In B. distachyon, our reverse genetics study shows that CUL4 is not essential for the establishment of the blade-sheath boundary but is necessary for the development of the ligule and auricles. We report that CUL4 also exerts a positive role in tillering and a negative role in spikelet meristem activity. On the other hand, we demonstrate that LAXA plays a negative role in tillering, positively participates in spikelet development and contributes to the control of floral organ number and identity. In this work, we functionally characterized two new NBCL genes in a context of non-domesticated grass and highlighted original roles for grass NBCL genes that are related to important agronomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Magne
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Shengbin Liu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Massot
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
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15
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Böhrer M, Rymen B, Himber C, Gerbaud A, Pflieger D, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Cartwright A, Vogel J, Sibout R, Blevins T. Integrated Genome-Scale Analysis and Northern Blot Detection of Retrotransposon siRNAs Across Plant Species. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2166:387-411. [PMID: 32710422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0712-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cells have sophisticated RNA-directed mechanisms to regulate genes, destroy viruses, or silence transposable elements (TEs). In terrestrial plants, a specialized non-coding RNA machinery involving RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targets DNA methylation and silencing to TEs. Here, we present a bioinformatics protocol for annotating and quantifying siRNAs that derive from long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The approach was validated using small RNA northern blot analyses, comparing the species Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon. To assist hybridization probe design, we configured a genome browser to show small RNA-seq mappings in distinct colors and shades according to their nucleotide lengths and abundances, respectively. Samples from wild-type and pol IV mutant plants, cross-species negative controls, and a conserved microRNA control validated the detected siRNA signals, confirming their origin from specific TEs and their Pol IV-dependent biogenesis. Moreover, an optimized labeling method yielded probes that could detect low-abundance siRNAs from B. distachyon TEs. The integration of de novo TE annotation, small RNA-seq profiling, and northern blotting, as outlined here, will facilitate the comparative genomic analysis of RNA silencing in crop plants and non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Böhrer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bart Rymen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Himber
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aude Gerbaud
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Pflieger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Amy Cartwright
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France.,Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Todd Blevins
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Le Bris P, Wang Y, Barbereau C, Antelme S, Cézard L, Legée F, D’Orlando A, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Schuetz M, Samuels L, Lapierre C, Sibout R. Inactivation of LACCASE8 and LACCASE5 genes in Brachypodium distachyon leads to severe decrease in lignin content and high increase in saccharification yield without impacting plant integrity. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:181. [PMID: 31338123 PMCID: PMC6628504 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedicated lignocellulosic feedstock from grass crops for biofuel production is extensively increasing. However, the access to fermentable cell wall sugars by carbohydrate degrading enzymes is impeded by lignins. These complex polymers are made from reactive oxidized monolignols in the cell wall. Little is known about the laccase-mediated oxidation of monolignols in grasses, and inactivation of the monolignol polymerization mechanism might be a strategy to increase the yield of fermentable sugars. RESULTS LACCASE5 and LACCASE8 are inactivated in a Brachypodium double mutant. Relative to the wild type, the lignin content of extract-free mature culms is decreased by 20-30% and the saccharification yield is increased by 140%. Release of ferulic acid by mild alkaline hydrolysis is also 2.5-fold higher. Interfascicular fibers are mainly affected while integrity of vascular bundles is not impaired. Interestingly, there is no drastic impact of the double mutation on plant growth. CONCLUSION This work shows that two Brachypodium laccases with clearly identified orthologs in crops are involved in lignification of this model plant. Lignification in interfascicular fibers and metaxylem cells is partly uncoupled in Brachypodium. Orthologs of these laccases are promising targets for improving grass feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yin Wang
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Clément Barbereau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Angelina D’Orlando
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300 Nantes, France
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17
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Yi Chou E, Schuetz M, Hoffmann N, Watanabe Y, Sibout R, Samuels AL. Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1849-1859. [PMID: 29481639 PMCID: PMC6018803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important phenolic biopolymer that provides strength and rigidity to the secondary cell walls of tracheary elements, sclereids, and fibers in vascular plants. Lignin precursors, called monolignols, are synthesized in the cell and exported to the cell wall where they are polymerized into lignin by oxidative enzymes such as laccases and peroxidases. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a peroxidase (PRX64) and laccase (LAC4) are shown to localize differently within cell wall domains in interfascicular fibers: PRX64 localizes to the middle lamella whereas LAC4 localizes throughout the secondary cell wall layers. Similarly, laccases localized to, and are responsible for, the helical depositions of lignin in protoxylem tracheary elements. In addition, we tested the mobility of laccases in the cell wall using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. mCHERRY-tagged LAC4 was immobile in secondary cell wall domains, but mobile in the primary cell wall when ectopically expressed. A small secreted red fluorescent protein (sec-mCHERRY) was engineered as a control and was found to be mobile in both the primary and secondary cell walls. Unlike sec-mCHERRY, the tight anchoring of LAC4 to secondary cell wall domains indicated that it cannot be remobilized once secreted, and this anchoring underlies the spatial control of lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Chou
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Watanabe
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Sibout
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Voxeur A, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Legée F, Sakai K, Antelme S, Durand-Tardif M, Lapierre C, Sibout R. Altered lignification in mur1-1 a mutant deficient in GDP-L-fucose synthesis with reduced RG-II cross linking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184820. [PMID: 28961242 PMCID: PMC5621668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the plant cell wall, boron links two pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) chains together to form a dimer and thus contributes to the reinforcement of cell adhesion. We studied the mur1-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana which has lost the ability to form GDP-fucose in the shoots and show that the extent of RG-II cross-linking is reduced in the lignified stem of this mutant. Surprisingly, MUR1 mutation induced an enrichment of resistant interunit bonds in lignin and triggered the overexpression of many genes involved in lignified tissue formation and in jasmonic acid signaling. The defect in GDP-fucose synthesis induced a loss of cell adhesion at the interface between stele and cortex, as well as between interfascicular fibers. This led to the formation of regenerative xylem, where tissue detachment occurred, and underlined a loss of resistance to mechanical forces. Similar observations were also made on bor1-3 mutant stems which are altered in boron xylem loading, leading us to suggest that diminished RG-II dimerization is responsible for regenerative xylem formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voxeur
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kaori Sakai
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Mylène Durand-Tardif
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Sibout R, Proost S, Hansen BO, Vaid N, Giorgi FM, Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Legée F, Cézart L, Bouchabké-Coussa O, Soulhat C, Provart N, Pasha A, Le Bris P, Roujol D, Hofte H, Jamet E, Lapierre C, Persson S, Mutwil M. Expression atlas and comparative coexpression network analyses reveal important genes involved in the formation of lignified cell wall in Brachypodium distachyon. New Phytol 2017; 215:1009-1025. [PMID: 28617955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is an emerging model for grasses, no expression atlas or gene coexpression network is available. Such tools are of high importance to provide insights into the function of Brachypodium genes. We present a detailed Brachypodium expression atlas, capturing gene expression in its major organs at different developmental stages. The data were integrated into a large-scale coexpression database ( www.gene2function.de), enabling identification of duplicated pathways and conserved processes across 10 plant species, thus allowing genome-wide inference of gene function. We highlight the importance of the atlas and the platform through the identification of duplicated cell wall modules, and show that a lignin biosynthesis module is conserved across angiosperms. We identified and functionally characterised a putative ferulate 5-hydroxylase gene through overexpression of it in Brachypodium, which resulted in an increase in lignin syringyl units and reduced lignin content of mature stems, and led to improved saccharification of the stem biomass. Our Brachypodium expression atlas thus provides a powerful resource to reveal functionally related genes, which may advance our understanding of important biological processes in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Bjoern Oest Hansen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Neha Vaid
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Severine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Laurent Cézart
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Oumaya Bouchabké-Coussa
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Camille Soulhat
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Nicholas Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Herman Hofte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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20
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Sibout R. Correction: Crop breeding: Turning a lawn into a field. Nat Plants 2017; 3:17070. [PMID: 28470185 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
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22
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Karlen SD, Zhang C, Peck ML, Smith RA, Padmakshan D, Helmich KE, Free HCA, Lee S, Smith BG, Lu F, Sedbrook JC, Sibout R, Grabber JH, Runge TM, Mysore KS, Harris PJ, Bartley LE, Ralph J. Monolignol ferulate conjugates are naturally incorporated into plant lignins. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600393. [PMID: 27757415 PMCID: PMC5065250 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms represent most of the terrestrial plants and are the primary research focus for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and coproducts. Lignin limits our access to fibers and represents a large fraction of the chemical energy stored in plant cell walls. Recently, the incorporation of monolignol ferulates into lignin polymers was accomplished via the engineering of an exotic transferase into commercially relevant poplar. We report that various angiosperm species might have convergently evolved to natively produce lignins that incorporate monolignol ferulate conjugates. We show that this activity may be accomplished by a BAHD feruloyl-coenzyme A monolignol transferase, OsFMT1 (AT5), in rice and its orthologs in other monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Karlen
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Matthew L. Peck
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dharshana Padmakshan
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kate E. Helmich
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Heather C. A. Free
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, IFAS (Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Bronwen G. Smith
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin UMR 1318, Saclay Plant Science, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - John H. Grabber
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy M. Runge
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kirankumar S. Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Philip J. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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23
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Sibout R, Le Bris P, Legée F, Cézard L, Renault H, Lapierre C. Structural Redesigning Arabidopsis Lignins into Alkali-Soluble Lignins through the Expression of p-Coumaroyl-CoA:Monolignol Transferase PMT. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:1358-66. [PMID: 26826222 PMCID: PMC4775143 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Grass lignins can contain up to 10% to 15% by weight of p-coumaric esters. This acylation is performed on monolignols under the catalysis of p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A monolignol transferase (PMT). To study the impact of p-coumaroylation on lignification, we first introduced the Brachypodium distachyon Bradi2g36910 (BdPMT1) gene into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under the control of the constitutive maize (Zea mays) ubiquitin promoter. The resulting p-coumaroylation was far lower than that of lignins from mature grass stems and had no impact on stem lignin content. By contrast, introducing either the BdPMT1 or the Bradi1g36980 (BdPMT2) gene into Arabidopsis under the control of the Arabidopsis cinnamate-4-hydroxylase promoter boosted the p-coumaroylation of mature stems up to the grass lignin level (8% to 9% by weight), without any impact on plant development. The analysis of purified lignin fractions and the identification of diagnostic products confirmed that p-coumaric acid was associated with lignins. BdPMT1-driven p-coumaroylation was also obtained in the fah1 (deficient for ferulate 5-hydroxylase) and ccr1g (deficient for cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase) lines, albeit to a lower extent. Lignins from BdPMT1-expressing ccr1g lines were also found to be feruloylated. In Arabidopsis mature stems, substantial p-coumaroylation of lignins was achieved at the expense of lignin content and induced lignin structural alterations, with an unexpected increase of lignin units with free phenolic groups. This higher frequency of free phenolic groups in Arabidopsis lignins doubled their solubility in alkali at room temperature. These findings suggest that the formation of alkali-leachable lignin domains rich in free phenolic groups is favored when p-coumaroylated monolignols participate in lignification in a grass in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
| | - Hugues Renault
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (R.S., P.L.B., F.L., L.C., C.L.);Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France (H.R.); andFreiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (H.R.)
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24
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Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Alvarado C, Antelme S, Bouchet B, Cézard L, Le Bris P, Legée F, Maia-Grondard A, Yoshinaga A, Saulnier L, Guillon F, Sibout R, Lapierre C, Chateigner-Boutin AL. Mutation in Brachypodium caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 6 alters stem and grain lignins and improves straw saccharification without deteriorating grain quality. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:227-37. [PMID: 26433202 PMCID: PMC4682429 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crop by-products are a promising source of renewable raw material for the production of biofuel from lignocellulose. However, their enzymatic conversion to fermentable sugars is detrimentally affected by lignins. Here the characterization of the Brachypodium Bd5139 mutant provided with a single nucleotide mutation in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase BdCOMT6 gene is reported. This BdCOMT6-deficient mutant displayed a moderately altered lignification in mature stems. The lignin-related BdCOMT6 gene was also found to be expressed in grains, and the alterations of Bd5139 grain lignins were found to mirror nicely those evidenced in stem lignins. The Bd5139 grains displayed similar size and composition to the control. Complementation experiments carried out by introducing the mutated gene into the AtCOMT1-deficient Arabidopsis mutant demonstrated that the mutated BdCOMT6 protein was still functional. Such a moderate down-regulation of lignin-related COMT enzyme reduced the straw recalcitrance to saccharification, without compromising the vegetative or reproductive development of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Camille Alvarado
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Brigitte Bouchet
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | | | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Luc Saulnier
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Guillon
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
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25
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Wang Y, Bouchabke-Coussa O, Lebris P, Antelme S, Soulhat C, Gineau E, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Morin H, Mouille G, Legée F, Cézard L, Lapierre C, Sibout R. LACCASE5 is required for lignification of the Brachypodium distachyon Culm. Plant Physiol 2015; 168:192-204. [PMID: 25755252 PMCID: PMC4424014 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of monolignols is a required step for lignin polymerization and deposition in cell walls. In dicots, both peroxidases and laccases are known to participate in this process. Here, we provide evidence that laccases are also involved in the lignification of Brachypodium distachyon, a model plant for temperate grasses. Transcript quantification data as well as in situ and immunolocalization experiments demonstrated that at least two laccases (LACCASE5 and LACCASE6) are present in lignifying tissues. A mutant with a misspliced LACCASE5 messenger RNA was identified in a targeting-induced local lesion in genome mutant collection. This mutant shows 10% decreased Klason lignin content and modification of the syringyl-to-guaiacyl units ratio. The amount of ferulic acid units ester linked to the mutant cell walls is increased by 40% when compared with control plants, while the amount of ferulic acid units ether linked to lignins is decreased. In addition, the mutant shows a higher saccharification efficiency. These results provide clear evidence that laccases are required for B. distachyon lignification and are promising targets to alleviate the recalcitrance of grass lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Oumaya Bouchabke-Coussa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Philippe Lebris
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Camille Soulhat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Emilie Gineau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Abdelafid Bendahmane
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Halima Morin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (Y.W., O.B.-C., P.L., S.A., C.S., E.G., H.M., G.M., F.L., L.C., C.L., R.S.); andUnité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91057 Evry cedex, France (M.D., A.B.)
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Francin-Allami M, Merah K, Albenne C, Rogniaux H, Pavlovic M, Lollier V, Sibout R, Guillon F, Jamet E, Larré C. Cell wall proteomic of Brachypodium distachyon grains: A focus on cell wall remodeling proteins. Proteomics 2015; 15:2296-306. [PMID: 25787258 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls play key roles during plant development. Following their deposition into the cell wall, polysaccharides are continually remodeled according to the growth stage and stress environment to accommodate cell growth and differentiation. To date, little is known concerning the enzymes involved in cell wall remodeling, especially in gramineous and particularly in the grain during development. Here, we investigated the cell wall proteome of the grain of Brachypodium distachyon. This plant is a suitable model for temperate cereal crops. Among the 601 proteins identified, 299 were predicted to be secreted. These proteins were distributed into eight functional classes; the class of proteins that act on carbohydrates was the most highly represented. Among these proteins, numerous glycoside hydrolases were found. Expansins and peroxidases, which are assumed to be involved in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling, were also identified. Approximately half of the proteins identified in this study were newly discovered in grain and were not identified in the previous proteome analysis conducted using the culms and leaves of B. distachyon. Therefore, the data obtained from all organs of B. distachyon infer a global cell wall proteome consisting of 460 proteins. At present, this is the most extensive cell wall proteome of a monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kahina Merah
- INRA, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | - Richard Sibout
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Saclay Plant Science, Versailles, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Colette Larré
- INRA, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
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27
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Voxeur A, Wang Y, Sibout R. Lignification: different mechanisms for a versatile polymer. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2015; 23:83-90. [PMID: 25449731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignins are cell wall phenolic polymers resulting from monolignol radical coupling. They have characteristically high diversity in their structures which is a direct consequence of the versatile character of the lignification mechanisms discussed in this review. We will relate the latest discoveries regarding the main participants involved in lignin deposition in various tissues. Lignification is often described as a cell autonomous event occurring progressively in all cell wall layers during lignifying cell life and stopping with the cell death. However, recent data combined to old data from studies of tree lignification and zinnia cultures challenged these entrenched views and showed that the lignification process is cell-type dependent and can involve neighboring cells. Therefore, we consider recent data on cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous lignification processes. We conclude that the role of lignins still need to be assessed during plant development and that control of polymerization/lignin deposition remains elusive and need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voxeur
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Yin Wang
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
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28
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Dobrovolskaya O, Pont C, Sibout R, Martinek P, Badaeva E, Murat F, Chosson A, Watanabe N, Prat E, Gautier N, Gautier V, Poncet C, Orlov YL, Krasnikov AA, Bergès H, Salina E, Laikova L, Salse J. FRIZZY PANICLE drives supernumerary spikelets in bread wheat. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:189-99. [PMID: 25398545 PMCID: PMC4281007 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) inflorescences, or spikes, are characteristically unbranched and normally bear one spikelet per rachis node. Wheat mutants on which supernumerary spikelets (SSs) develop are particularly useful resources for work towards understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying wheat inflorescence architecture and, ultimately, yield components. Here, we report the characterization of genetically unrelated mutants leading to the identification of the wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) gene, encoding a member of the APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor transcription factor family, which drives the SS trait in bread wheat. Structural and functional characterization of the three wheat FZP homoeologous genes (WFZP) revealed that coding mutations of WFZP-D cause the SS phenotype, with the most severe effect when WFZP-D lesions are combined with a frameshift mutation in WFZP-A. We provide WFZP-based resources that may be useful for genetic manipulations with the aim of improving bread wheat yield by increasing grain number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Caroline Pont
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Petr Martinek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Badaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Florent Murat
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Audrey Chosson
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Nobuyoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Elisa Prat
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Nadine Gautier
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Véronique Gautier
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Charles Poncet
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander A Krasnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Elena Salina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Lyudmila Laikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Jerome Salse
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (O.D., Y.L.O., E.S., L.L.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal Unité Mixte de Recherche-1095, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France (Ca.P., F.M., A.C., V.G., Ch.P., J.S.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.); AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France (R.S.);Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic (P.M.);Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3119333 Moscow, Russia (E.B.);College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan (N.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France (E.P., N.G., H.B.);Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (Y.O.); andCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (A.A.K.)
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Marriott PE, Sibout R, Lapierre C, Fangel JU, Willats WGT, Hofte H, Gómez LD, McQueen-Mason SJ. Range of cell-wall alterations enhance saccharification in Brachypodium distachyon mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14601-6. [PMID: 25246540 PMCID: PMC4209982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic plant biomass is an attractive feedstock for the production of sustainable biofuels, but the commercialization of such products is hampered by the high costs of processing this material into fermentable sugars (saccharification). One approach to lowering these costs is to produce crops with cell walls that are more susceptible to hydrolysis to reduce preprocessing and enzyme inputs. To deepen our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of lignocellulose recalcitrance, we have screened a mutagenized population of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon for improved saccharification with an industrial polysaccharide-degrading enzyme mixture. From an initial screen of 2,400 M2 plants, we selected 12 lines that showed heritable improvements in saccharification, mostly with no significant reduction in plant size or stem strength. Characterization of these putative mutants revealed a variety of alterations in cell-wall components. We have mapped the underlying genetic lesions responsible for increased saccharification using a deep sequencing approach, and here we report the mapping of one of the causal mutations to a narrow region in chromosome 2. The most likely candidate gene in this region encodes a GT61 glycosyltransferase, which has been implicated in arabinoxylan substitution. Our work shows that forward genetic screening provides a powerful route to identify factors that impact on lignocellulose digestibility, with implications for improving feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy E Marriott
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Équipes de Recherche Labellisées Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; and
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Équipes de Recherche Labellisées Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; and
| | - Jonatan U Fangel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herman Hofte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Équipes de Recherche Labellisées Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; and
| | - Leonardo D Gómez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J McQueen-Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
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Girin T, David LC, Chardin C, Sibout R, Krapp A, Ferrario-Méry S, Daniel-Vedele F. Brachypodium: a promising hub between model species and cereals. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:5683-96. [PMID: 25262566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon was proposed as a model species for genetics and molecular genomics in cereals less than 10 years ago. It is now established as a standard for research on C3 cereals on a variety of topics, due to its close phylogenetic relationship with Triticeae crops such as wheat and barley, and to its simple genome, its minimal growth requirement, and its short life cycle. In this review, we first highlight the tools and resources for Brachypodium that are currently being developed and made available by the international community. We subsequently describe how this species has been used for comparative genomic studies together with cereal crops, before illustrating major research fields in which Brachypodium has been successfully used as a model: cell wall synthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, root architecture, and seed development. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of research on Brachypodium in order to improve nitrogen use efficiency in cereals, with the aim of reducing the amount of applied fertilizer while increasing the grain yield. Several paths are considered, namely an improvement of either nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs, nitrate uptake from the soil, or nitrate assimilation by the plant. Altogether, these examples position the research on Brachypodium as at an intermediate stage between basic research, carried out mainly in Arabidopsis, and applied research carried out on wheat and barley, enabling a complementarity of the studies and reciprocal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Girin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laure C David
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Camille Chardin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Ferrario-Méry
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
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Petrik DL, Karlen SD, Cass CL, Padmakshan D, Lu F, Liu S, Le Bris P, Antelme S, Santoro N, Wilkerson CG, Sibout R, Lapierre C, Ralph J, Sedbrook JC. p-Coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) acts specifically in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Brachypodium distachyon. Plant J 2014; 77:713-26. [PMID: 24372757 PMCID: PMC4282527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Grass lignins contain substantial amounts of p-coumarate (pCA) that acylate the side-chains of the phenylpropanoid polymer backbone. An acyltransferase, named p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (OsPMT), that could acylate monolignols with pCA in vitro was recently identified from rice. In planta, such monolignol-pCA conjugates become incorporated into lignin via oxidative radical coupling, thereby generating the observed pCA appendages; however p-coumarates also acylate arabinoxylans in grasses. To test the authenticity of PMT as a lignin biosynthetic pathway enzyme, we examined Brachypodium distachyon plants with altered BdPMT gene function. Using newly developed cell wall analytical methods, we determined that the transferase was involved specifically in monolignol acylation. A sodium azide-generated Bdpmt-1 missense mutant had no (<0.5%) residual pCA on lignin, and BdPMT RNAi plants had levels as low as 10% of wild-type, whereas the amounts of pCA acylating arabinosyl units on arabinoxylans in these PMT mutant plants remained unchanged. pCA acylation of lignin from BdPMT-overexpressing plants was found to be more than three-fold higher than that of wild-type, but again the level on arabinosyl units remained unchanged. Taken together, these data are consistent with a defined role for grass PMT genes in encoding BAHD (BEAT, AHCT, HCBT, and DAT) acyltransferases that specifically acylate monolignols with pCA and produce monolignol p-coumarate conjugates that are used for lignification in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Petrik
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State UniversityNormal, IL, 61790, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Steven D Karlen
- Department of Biochemistry, The Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Cynthia L Cass
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State UniversityNormal, IL, 61790, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dharshana Padmakshan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Sarah Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
| | - Nicholas Santoro
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Curtis G Wilkerson
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB) UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science78000, Versailles, France
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, The Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - John C Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State UniversityNormal, IL, 61790, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadison, WI, 53706, USA
- *(e-mail )
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Wang Y, Chantreau M, Sibout R, Hawkins S. Plant cell wall lignification and monolignol metabolism. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:220. [PMID: 23847630 PMCID: PMC3705174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are built of various specialized cell types that differ in their cell wall composition and structure. The cell walls of certain tissues (xylem, sclerenchyma) are characterized by the presence of the heterogeneous lignin polymer that plays an essential role in their physiology. This phenolic polymer is composed of different monomeric units - the monolignols - that are linked together by several covalent bonds. Numerous studies have shown that monolignol biosynthesis and polymerization to form lignin are tightly controlled in different cell types and tissues. However, our understanding of the genetic control of monolignol transport and polymerization remains incomplete, despite some recent promising results. This situation is made more complex since we know that monolignols or related compounds are sometimes produced in non-lignified tissues. In this review, we focus on some key steps of monolignol metabolism including polymerization, transport, and compartmentation. As well as being of fundamental interest, the quantity of lignin and its nature are also known to have a negative effect on the industrial processing of plant lignocellulose biomass. A more complete view of monolignol metabolism and the relationship that exists between lignin and other monolignol-derived compounds thereby appears essential if we wish to improve biomass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Maxime Chantreau
- Lille 1 UMR 1281, UniversitéLille Nord de FranceVilleneuve d’Ascq, France
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueVilleneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Lille 1 UMR 1281, UniversitéLille Nord de FranceVilleneuve d’Ascq, France
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueVilleneuve d’Ascq, France
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Dalmais M, Antelme S, Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Wang Y, Darracq O, d’Yvoire MB, Cézard L, Légée F, Blondet E, Oria N, Troadec C, Brunaud V, Jouanin L, Höfte H, Bendahmane A, Lapierre C, Sibout R. A TILLING Platform for Functional Genomics in Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65503. [PMID: 23840336 PMCID: PMC3686759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The new model plant for temperate grasses, Brachypodium distachyon offers great potential as a tool for functional genomics. We have established a sodium azide-induced mutant collection and a TILLING platform, called "BRACHYTIL", for the inbred line Bd21-3. The TILLING collection consists of DNA isolated from 5530 different families. Phenotypes were reported and organized in a phenotypic tree that is freely available online. The tilling platform was validated by the isolation of mutants for seven genes belonging to multigene families of the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In particular, a large allelic series for BdCOMT6, a caffeic acid O-methyl transferase was identified. Some mutants show lower lignin content when compared to wild-type plants as well as a typical decrease of syringyl units, a hallmark of COMT-deficient plants. The mutation rate was estimated at one mutation per 396 kb, or an average of 680 mutations per line. The collection was also used to assess the Genetically Effective Cell Number that was shown to be at least equal to 4 cells in Brachypodium distachyon. The mutant population and the TILLING platform should greatly facilitate functional genomics approaches in this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dalmais
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Séverine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Yin Wang
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Olivier Darracq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Madeleine Bouvier d’Yvoire
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Légée
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Eddy Blondet
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Oria
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Lise Jouanin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Abdelafid Bendahmane
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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Abstract
Lignins are complex aromatic heteropolymers that reinforce the cell walls of terrestrial plants. A new study identifies an ATP-binding cassette ABC transporter that pumps a monolignol lignin precursor across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Science, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles, Cedex, France
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35
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Bouvier d'Yvoire M, Bouchabke-Coussa O, Voorend W, Antelme S, Cézard L, Legée F, Lebris P, Legay S, Whitehead C, McQueen-Mason SJ, Gomez LD, Jouanin L, Lapierre C, Sibout R. Disrupting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (BdCAD1) leads to altered lignification and improved saccharification in Brachypodium distachyon. Plant J 2013; 73:496-508. [PMID: 23078216 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been proposed as a model for grasses, but there is limited knowledge regarding its lignins and no data on lignin-related mutants. The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes involved in lignification are promising targets to improve the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion process. Down-regulation of CAD often induces a reddish coloration of lignified tissues. Based on this observation, we screened a chemically induced population of Brachypodium mutants (Bd21-3 background) for red culm coloration. We identified two mutants (Bd4179 and Bd7591), with mutations in the BdCAD1 gene. The mature stems of these mutants displayed reduced CAD activity and lower lignin content. Their lignins were enriched in 8-O-4- and 4-O-5-coupled sinapaldehyde units, as well as resistant inter-unit bonds and free phenolic groups. By contrast, there was no increase in coniferaldehyde end groups. Moreover, the amount of sinapic acid ester-linked to cell walls was measured for the first time in a lignin-related CAD grass mutant. Functional complementation of the Bd4179 mutant with the wild-type BdCAD1 allele restored the wild-type phenotype and lignification. Saccharification assays revealed that Bd4179 and Bd7591 lines were more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis than wild-type plants. Here, we have demonstrated that BdCAD1 is involved in lignification of Brachypodium. We have shown that a single nucleotide change in BdCAD1 reduces the lignin level and increases the degree of branching of lignins through incorporation of sinapaldehyde. These changes make saccharification of cells walls pre-treated with alkaline easier without compromising plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bouvier d'Yvoire
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles, France
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36
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Nieminen K, Ragni L, Pacheco-Villalobos D, Sibout R, Hardtke CS. A direct stimulatory role of mobile gibberellin in Arabidopsishypocotyl xylem expansion. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3240097 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s7-p73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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37
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Brkljacic J, Grotewold E, Scholl R, Mockler T, Garvin DF, Vain P, Brutnell T, Sibout R, Bevan M, Budak H, Caicedo AL, Gao C, Gu Y, Hazen SP, Holt BF, Hong SY, Jordan M, Manzaneda AJ, Mitchell-Olds T, Mochida K, Mur LA, Park CM, Sedbrook J, Watt M, Zheng SJ, Vogel JP. Brachypodium as a model for the grasses: today and the future. Plant Physiol 2011; 157:3-13. [PMID: 21771916 PMCID: PMC3165879 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.179531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John P. Vogel
- Plant Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (J.B., E.G., R.S.); Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (T.M.); United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.); Crop Genetics Department (P.V.) and Cell and Developmental Biology Department (M.B.), John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom; Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853 (T.B.); Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles 78026, France (R.S.); Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey (H.B.); Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (A.L.C., S.P.H.); State Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (C.G.); Genomics and Gene Discovery Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710 (Y.G., J.P.V.); Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (B.F.H.); Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742 Korea (S.-Y.H., C.-M.P.); Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9 (M.J.); Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaen 23071 Spain (A.J.M.); Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.M.-O.); RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan (K.M.); Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (L.A.J.M.); School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Normal, Illinois 61790 (J.S.); CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (M.W.); College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.J.Z.)
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38
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Ragni L, Nieminen K, Pacheco-Villalobos D, Sibout R, Schwechheimer C, Hardtke CS. Mobile gibberellin directly stimulates Arabidopsis hypocotyl xylem expansion. Plant Cell 2011; 23:1322-36. [PMID: 21498678 PMCID: PMC3101547 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.084020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Secondary growth of the vasculature results in the thickening of plant structures and continuously produces xylem tissue, the major biological carbon sink. Little is known about the developmental control of this quantitative trait, which displays two distinct phases in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. The later phase of accelerated xylem expansion resembles the secondary growth of trees and is triggered upon flowering by an unknown, shoot-derived signal. We found that flowering-dependent hypocotyl xylem expansion is a general feature of herbaceous plants with a rosette growth habit. Flowering induction is sufficient to trigger xylem expansion in Arabidopsis. By contrast, neither flower formation nor elongation of the main inflorescence is required. Xylem expansion also does not depend on any particular flowering time pathway or absolute age. Through analyses of natural genetic variation, we found that ERECTA acts locally to restrict xylem expansion downstream of the gibberellin (GA) pathway. Investigations of mutant and transgenic plants indicate that GA and its signaling pathway are both necessary and sufficient to directly trigger enhanced xylogenesis. Impaired GA signaling did not affect xylem expansion systemically, suggesting that it acts downstream of the mobile cue. By contrast, the GA effect was graft transmissible, suggesting that GA itself is the mobile shoot-derived signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ragni
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard Sibout
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian S. Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to
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Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Rubio-Somoza I, Sibout R, Persson S. Phytohormones and the cell wall in Arabidopsis during seedling growth. Trends Plant Sci 2010; 15:291-301. [PMID: 20346727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis, and remodelling, is a prerequisite for plant growth; from cell plate formation in dividing cells, to the strengthening of the vascular tissue by secondary cell wall deposits. Many plant hormones are also essential for plant growth and development, such as auxin that controls cell proliferation and differentiation. Direct links between hormone actions and changes in cell wall structure have therefore been assumed, and long sought. While many studies during recent decades have supported such relationships, the vast majority have been inferred through indirect means. In an era that embraces cell-wall-related products, including cellulosic biofuels, we attempt to give an overview of phytohormone-mediated cell expansion, and cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis during seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Sibout R, Plantegenet S, Hardtke CS. Flowering as a condition for xylem expansion in Arabidopsis hypocotyl and root. Curr Biol 2008; 18:458-63. [PMID: 18356049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In dicotyledons, biomass predominantly represents cell-wall material of xylem, which is formed during the genetically poorly characterized secondary growth of the vasculature. In Arabidopsis hypocotyls, initially proportional secondary growth of all tissues is followed by a phase of xylem expansion and fiber differentiation. The factors that control this transition are unknown. We observed natural variation in Arabidopsis hypocotyl secondary growth and its coordination with root secondary growth. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population demonstrated separate genetic control of developmentally synchronized secondary-growth parameters. However, major QTL for xylem expansion and fiber differentiation correlated tightly and coincided with major flowering time QTL. Correlation between xylem expansion and flowering was confirmed in another RIL population and also found across Arabidopsis accessions. Gene-expression analyses suggest that xylem expansion is initiated after flowering induction but before inflorescence emergence. Consistent with this idea, transient activation of an inducer of flowering at the rosette stage promoted xylem expansion. Although the shoot was needed to trigger xylem expansion and can control it in a graft-transmissible fashion, the inflorescence stem was not required to sustain it. Collectively, our results suggest that flowering induction is the condition for xylem expansion in hypocotyl and root secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Do CT, Pollet B, Thévenin J, Sibout R, Denoue D, Barrière Y, Lapierre C, Jouanin L. Both caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase 1 and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 are involved in redundant functions for lignin, flavonoids and sinapoyl malate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Planta 2007; 226:1117-29. [PMID: 17594112 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two methylation steps are necessary for the biosynthesis of monolignols, the lignin precursors. Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) O-methylates at the C5 position of the phenolic ring. COMT is responsible for the biosynthesis of sinapyl alcohol, the precursor of syringyl lignin units. The O-methylation at the C3 position of the phenolic ring involves the Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT). The CCoAOMT 1 gene (At4g34050) is believed to encode the enzyme responsible for the first O-methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. A CCoAOMT1 promoter-GUS fusion and immunolocalization experiments revealed that this gene is strongly and exclusively expressed in the vascular tissues of stems and roots. An Arabidopsis T-DNA null mutant named ccomt 1 was identified and characterised. The mutant stems are slightly smaller than wild-type stems in short-day growth conditions and has collapsed xylem elements. The lignin content of the stem is low and the S/G ratio is high mainly due to fewer G units. These results suggest that this O-methyltransferase is involved in G-unit biosynthesis but does not act alone to perform this step in monolignol biosynthesis. To determine which O-methyltransferase assists CCoAOMT 1, a comt 1 ccomt1 double mutant was generated and studied. The development of comt 1 ccomt1 is arrested at the plantlet stage in our growth conditions. Lignins of these plantlets are mainly composed of p-hydroxyphenyl units. Moreover, the double mutant does not synthesize sinapoyl malate, a soluble phenolic. These results suggest that CCoAOMT 1 and COMT 1 act together to methylate the C3 position of the phenolic ring of monolignols in Arabidopsis. In addition, they are both involved in the formation of sinapoyl malate and isorhamnetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao-Trung Do
- Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
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42
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Hardtke CS, Dorcey E, Osmont KS, Sibout R. Phytohormone collaboration: zooming in on auxin-brassinosteroid interactions. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:485-92. [PMID: 17904848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Similar to animal hormones, classic plant hormones are small organic molecules that regulate physiological and developmental processes. In development, this often involves the regulation of growth through the control of cell size or division. The plant hormones auxin and brassinosteroid modulate both cell expansion and proliferation and are known for their overlapping activities in physiological assays. Recent molecular genetic analyses in the model plant Arabidopsis suggest that this reflects interdependent and often synergistic action of the two hormone pathways. Such pathway interactions probably occur through the combinatorial regulation of common target genes by auxin- and brassinosteroid-controlled transcription factors. Moreover, auxin and brassinosteroid signaling and biosynthesis and auxin transport might be linked by an emerging upstream connection involving calcium-calmodulin and phosphoinositide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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43
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Abstract
The root system is fundamentally important for plant growth and survival because of its role in water and nutrient uptake. Therefore, plants rely on modulation of root system architecture (RSA) to respond to a changing soil environment. Although RSA is a highly plastic trait and varies both between and among species, the basic root system morphology and its plasticity are controlled by inherent genetic factors. These mediate the modification of RSA, mostly at the level of root branching, in response to a suite of biotic and abiotic factors. Recent progress in the understanding of the molecular basis of these responses suggests that they largely feed through hormone homeostasis and signaling pathways. Novel factors implicated in the regulation of RSA in response to the myriad endogenous and exogenous signals are also increasingly isolated through alternative approaches such as quantitative trait locus analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Osmont
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Sibout R, Sukumar P, Hettiarachchi C, Holm M, Muday GK, Hardtke CS. Opposite root growth phenotypes of hy5 versus hy5 hyh mutants correlate with increased constitutive auxin signaling. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e202. [PMID: 17121469 PMCID: PMC1657057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis transcription factor HY5 controls light-induced gene expression downstream of photoreceptors and plays an important role in the switch of seedling shoots from dark-adapted to light-adapted development. In addition, HY5 has been implicated in plant hormone signaling, accounting for the accelerated root system growth phenotype of hy5 mutants. Mutants in the close HY5 homolog HYH resemble wild-type, despite the largely similar expression patterns and levels of HY5 and HYH, and the functional equivalence of the respective proteins. Moreover, the relative contribution of HYH to the overall activity of the gene pair is increased by an alternative HYH transcript, which encodes a stabilized protein. Consistent with the enhanced root system growth observed in hy5 loss-of-function mutants, constitutively overexpressed alternative HYH inhibits root system growth. Paradoxically, however, in double mutants carrying hy5 and hyh null alleles, the hy5 root growth phenotype is suppressed rather than enhanced. Even more surprisingly, compared to wild-type, root system growth is diminished in hy5 hyh double mutants. In addition, the double mutants display novel shoot phenotypes that are absent from either single mutant. These include cotyledon fusions and defective vasculature, which are typical for mutants in genes involved in the transcriptional response to the plant hormone auxin. Indeed, many auxin-responsive and auxin signaling genes are misexpressed in hy5 mutants, and at a higher number and magnitude in hy5 hyh mutants. Therefore, auxin-induced transcription is constitutively activated at different levels in the two mutant backgrounds. Our data support the hypothesis that the opposite root system phenotypes of hy5 single and hy5 hyh double mutants represent the morphological response to a quantitative gradient in the same molecular process, that is gradually increased constitutive auxin signaling. The data also suggest that HY5 and HYH are important negative regulators of auxin signaling amplitude in embryogenesis and seedling development. Genetic redundancy is the total or partial compensation of inactivation of one gene by another, usually related gene. In Arabidopsis, HY5 and HYH are highly similar, principally exchangeable genes. However, only inactivation of HY5 results in morphological defects, indicating that HY5 plays a more important role in development than HYH. Nevertheless, if inactive versions of such partially redundant genes are combined in a double mutant, the defects observed in the single mutant often worsen. Paradoxically, however, combined inactivation of HY5 and HYH leads to a defect that is opposite to inactivation of HY5 alone: compared to controls, root system growth is decreased in the double mutant, rather than enhanced as in plants only lacking HY5 activity. Through careful analysis of the double mutant defects and scans of genome-wide gene expression levels, the authors determined that the opposite root system growth of hy5 single and hy5 hyh double mutants is a morphological response to a gradually increased quantitative disturbance in the same molecular process, the physiological response to the plant hormone auxin. This example suggests that inactivation of genes that quantitatively affect the balance of a physiological process in the same manner might manifest in very different morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Poornima Sukumar
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Magnus Holm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Eudes A, Pollet B, Sibout R, Do CT, Séguin A, Lapierre C, Jouanin L. Evidence for a role of AtCAD 1 in lignification of elongating stems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 2006; 225:23-39. [PMID: 16832689 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (AtCAD) multigene family in Arabidopsis is composed of nine genes. Our previous studies focused on the two isoforms AtCAD C and AtCAD D which show a high homology to those related to lignification in other plants. This study focuses on the seven other Arabidopsis CAD for which functions are not yet elucidated. Their expression patterns were determined in different parts of Arabidopsis. Only CAD 1 protein can be detected in elongating stems, flowers, and siliques using Western-blot analysis. Tissue specific expression of CAD 1, B1, and G genes was determined using their promoters fused to the GUS reporter gene. CAD 1 expression was observed in primary xylem in accordance with a potential role in lignification. Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants knockout for the different genes CAD genes were characterized. Their stems displayed no substantial reduction of CAD activities for coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols as well as no modifications of lignin quantity and structure in mature inflorescence stems. Only a small reduction of lignin content could be observed in elongating stems of Atcad 1 mutant. These CAD genes in combination with the CAD D promoter were used to complement a CAD double mutant severely altered in lignification (cad c cad d). The expression of AtCAD A, B1, B2, F, and G had no effect on restoring a normal lignin profile of this mutant. In contrast, CAD 1 complemented partly this mutant as revealed by the partial restoration of conventional lignin units and by the decrease in the frequency of beta-O-4 linked p-OH cinnamaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymerick Eudes
- Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Briggs GC, Osmont KS, Shindo C, Sibout R, Hardtke CS. Unequal genetic redundancies in Arabidopsis--a neglected phenomenon? Trends Plant Sci 2006; 11:492-8. [PMID: 16949326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic redundancy is a common phenomenon in Arabidopsis and is thought to be responsible for the absence of phenotypes in the majority of single loss-of-function mutants. In this review, we highlight an increasing number of examples in which redundancy between homologous genes is limited or absent despite functional equivalence of the respective proteins. In particular, we focus on cases of unequal redundancy, where the absence of a mutant phenotype in loss-of-function mutants of one gene contrasts with a strong phenotype in mutants of its homolog. In the double mutants, this phenotype is strongly enhanced. Possible explanations for such scenarios are discussed. We propose that the study of unequally redundant gene pairs offers a unique opportunity to understand global patterns of functional genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette C Briggs
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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47
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Sibout R, Eudes A, Mouille G, Pollet B, Lapierre C, Jouanin L, Séguin A. CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE-C and -D are the primary genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2059-76. [PMID: 15937231 PMCID: PMC1167552 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms, coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes are believed to be converted into their corresponding alcohols by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and by sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD), respectively. This work clearly shows that CAD-C and CAD-D act as the primary genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem of Arabidopsis thaliana by supplying both coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. An Arabidopsis CAD double mutant (cad-c cad-d) resulted in a phenotype with a limp floral stem at maturity as well as modifications in the pattern of lignin staining. Lignin content of the mutant stem was reduced by 40%, with a 94% reduction, relative to the wild type, in conventional beta-O-4-linked guaiacyl and syringyl units and incorportion of coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that both xylem vessels and fibers were affected. GeneChip data and real-time PCR analysis revealed that transcription of CAD homologs and other genes mainly involved in cell wall integrity were also altered in the double mutant. In addition, molecular complementation of the double mutant by tissue-specific expression of CAD derived from various species suggests different abilities of these genes/proteins to produce syringyl-lignin moieties but does not indicate a requirement for any specific SAD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Sainte-Foy, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
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48
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Sibout R, Eudes A, Pollet B, Goujon T, Mila I, Granier F, Séguin A, Lapierre C, Jouanin L. Expression pattern of two paralogs encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis. Isolation and characterization of the corresponding mutants. Plant Physiol 2003; 132:848-60. [PMID: 12805615 PMCID: PMC167025 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2003] [Accepted: 03/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Studying Arabidopsis mutants of the phenylpropanoid pathway has unraveled several biosynthetic steps of monolignol synthesis. Most of the genes leading to monolignol synthesis have been characterized recently in this herbaceous plant, except those encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). We have used the complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome to highlight a new view of the complete CAD gene family. Among nine AtCAD genes, we have identified the two distinct paralogs AtCAD-C and AtCAD-D, which share 75% identity and are likely to be involved in lignin biosynthesis in other plants. Northern, semiquantitative restriction fragment-length polymorphism-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western analysis revealed that AtCAD-C and AtCAD-D mRNA and protein ratios were organ dependent. Promoter activities of both genes are high in fibers and in xylem bundles. However, AtCAD-C displayed a larger range of sites of expression than AtCAD-D. Arabidopsis null mutants (Atcad-D and Atcad-C) corresponding to both genes were isolated. CAD activities were drastically reduced in both mutants, with a higher impact on sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity (6% and 38% of residual sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities for Atcad-D and Atcad-C, respectively). Only Atcad-D showed a slight reduction in Klason lignin content and displayed modifications of lignin structure with a significant reduced proportion of conventional S lignin units in both stems and roots, together with the incorporation of sinapaldehyde structures ether linked at Cbeta. These results argue for a substantial role of AtCAD-D in lignification, and more specifically in the biosynthesis of sinapyl alcohol, the precursor of S lignin units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du PEPS, P.O. Box 3800, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7
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49
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Goujon T, Sibout R, Pollet B, Maba B, Nussaume L, Bechtold N, Lu F, Ralph J, Mila I, Barrière Y, Lapierre C, Jouanin L. A new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in the expression of O-methyltransferase impacts lignins and sinapoyl esters. Plant Mol Biol 2003; 51:973-89. [PMID: 12777055 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023022825098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A promoter-trap screen allowed us to identify an Arabidopsis line expressing GUS in the root vascular tissues. T-DNA border sequencing showed that the line was mutated in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 gene (AtOMT1) and therefore deficient in OMT1 activity. Atomt1 is a knockout mutant and the expression profile of the AtOMT1 gene has been determined as well as the consequences of the mutation on lignins, on soluble phenolics, on cell wall digestibility, and on the expression of the genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. In this mutant and relative to the wild type, lignins lack syringyl (S) units and contain more 5-hydroxyguaiacyl units (5-OH-G), the precursors of S-units. The sinapoyl ester pool is modified with a two-fold reduction of sinapoyl-malate in the leaves and stems of mature plants as well as in seedlings. In addition, LC-MS analysis of the soluble phenolics extracted from the seedlings reveals the occurrence of unusual derivatives assigned to 5-OH-feruloyl malate and to 5-OH-feruloyl glucose. Therefore, AtOMT1 enzymatic activity appears to be involved not only in lignin formation but also in the biosynthesis of sinapate esters. In addition, a deregulation of other monolignol biosynthetic gene expression can be observed in the Atomt1 mutant. A poplar cDNA encoding a caffeic acid OMT (PtOMT1) was successfully used to complement the Atomt1 mutant and restored both the level of S units and of sinapate esters to the control level. However, the over-expression of PtOMT1 in wild-type Arabidopsis did not increase the S-lignin content, suggesting that OMT is not a limiting enzyme for S-unit biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goujon
- Biologie cellulaire, INRA, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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