1
|
Khan N, Kalam MA, Alam MT, Haq SAU, Showket W, Dar ZA, Rafiq N, Mushtaq W, Rafeeqi TA, Dar MY, Akbar S, Butt TA, Gani R, Majeed U, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Shilbayeh SAR, Binsaleh AY, El-Sheikh AAK, Dlamini Z, Wani SH, Khan S, Masoodi KZ. Drug Standardization through Pharmacognostic Approaches and Estimation of Anticancer Potential of Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) using Prostate-Cancer cell lines: An In-vitro Study. J Cancer 2023; 14:490-504. [PMID: 36860921 PMCID: PMC9969581 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the major challenge across world and the adenocarcinoma of prostate malignancy is the second most prevalent male cancer. Various medicinal plants are used for the treatment and management of various cancers. Matricaria chamomilla L., is one of the extensively used Unani medicament for the treatment of various type of diseases. In the current study we evaluated most of the parameters prescribed for drug standardization using pharmacognostic approaches. The 2,2 Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method was utilized for the analysis of antioxidant activity in the flower extracts of M. chamomilla. Moreover, we analyzed the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of M. chamomilla (Gul-e Babuna) through in-vitro method. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl-hydrate) method was utilized for the analysis of antioxidant activity in the flower extracts of M. chamomilla. CFU and wound healing assay were performed to determine the anti-cancer activity. The results demonstrated that various extracts of M. chamomilla fulfilled most of the parameters of drug standardization and contained good antioxidant and anticancer activities. The ethyl acetate showed higher anticancer activity followed by aqueous, hydroalcoholic, petroleum benzene and methanol by CFU method. Also, the wound healing assay demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract has more significant effect followed by methanol and petroleum benzene extract on prostate cancer cell line (C4-2). The current study concluded that the extract of M. chamomilla flowers could act as good source of natural anti-cancer compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Khan
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006,Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025
| | - Mohd Afsahul Kalam
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Khalid Z. Masoodi, PhD: ; Dr. Mohd Afsahul Kalam: ; Dr. Shabir Hussain Wani: ; Dr. Zodwa Dlamini: ; Dr. Shahanavaj Khan:
| | - Mohd Tauseef Alam
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Syed Anam Ul Haq
- Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025
| | - Wasia Showket
- Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025
| | - Zahoor A. Dar
- Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025,Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Nida Rafiq
- Division of Forest Products & Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Benhama, Ganderbal, J&K, India 191202
| | - Waseem Mushtaq
- Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 202002
| | - Towseef Amin Rafeeqi
- Biochemistry and Pathology Lab, RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Mohammad Yunis Dar
- Phytochemistry lab, RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Seema Akbar
- Phytochemistry lab, RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Tariq Ahmad Butt
- SMPU Unit RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Riehana Gani
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006
| | - Uzma Majeed
- Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammena Yahia Binsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Khalid Z. Masoodi, PhD: ; Dr. Mohd Afsahul Kalam: ; Dr. Shabir Hussain Wani: ; Dr. Zodwa Dlamini: ; Dr. Shahanavaj Khan:
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, 192101, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 192102,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Khalid Z. Masoodi, PhD: ; Dr. Mohd Afsahul Kalam: ; Dr. Shabir Hussain Wani: ; Dr. Zodwa Dlamini: ; Dr. Shahanavaj Khan:
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India, 247554,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11451,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Khalid Z. Masoodi, PhD: ; Dr. Mohd Afsahul Kalam: ; Dr. Shabir Hussain Wani: ; Dr. Zodwa Dlamini: ; Dr. Shahanavaj Khan:
| | - Khalid Z. Masoodi
- Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Khalid Z. Masoodi, PhD: ; Dr. Mohd Afsahul Kalam: ; Dr. Shabir Hussain Wani: ; Dr. Zodwa Dlamini: ; Dr. Shahanavaj Khan:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azzari C, Baldo V, Giuffrida S, Gani R, O'Brien E, Alimenti C, Daniels VJ, Wolfson LJ. The Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Varicella Vaccination in Italy: A Model-Based Assessment of Vaccination Strategies. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 12:273-283. [PMID: 32606844 PMCID: PMC7294569 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s229685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2017, varicella vaccination became mandatory for all children in Italy, based on a two-dose schedule administered at 12–15 months of age and 5 to 6 years of age. Varicella vaccines are available in different formulations (as a single vaccine or as a combination vaccine together with measles, mumps, and rubella) and are made by multiple manufacturers with different effectiveness profiles. This study calculates the cost-effectiveness of a range of varicella vaccination strategies to identify the optimal strategy for Italy. Methods A dynamic transmission cost-effectiveness model was applied in Italy to simulate the long-term (50 years) costs and outcomes associated with different varicella vaccination strategies. Five vaccination strategies were evaluated using the model: two doses of two different combination Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella vaccines (either Vaccine A (MSD) [denoted QQVa] or Vaccine B (GSK) [denoted QQVb]); a first dose of a single Varicella vaccine followed by a second dose of a combination vaccine (either Vaccine C (MSD) followed by Vaccine A [denoted MQVa] or Vaccine D (GSK) followed by Vaccine B [denoted MQVb]); or no vaccine at all (NV). The model was adapted for Italy using publicly available Italian data and expert opinion. Results Over the 50-year time-horizon, in the absence of universal varicella vaccination, there would be 34.8 million varicella cases, 142 varicella-infection-related deaths, and €23 billion in societal costs. The cost per capita from a societal perspective ranged from €164.55 to €392.18 with NV being the most expensive and QQVa the least expensive. The most effective strategy was QQVa, which resulted in a 66% decrease in varicella cases and 30% reduction in varicella-related deaths compared to NV strategy. QQVa led to a net saving in societal cost around €13 billion compared to NV as the cost of vaccination was more than offset by the savings that resulted from the reduced burden of illness. Conclusion Varicella vaccination has a major impact on reducing varicella incidence, prevalence, and societal costs. This analysis supports the policy for universal varicella vaccination in Italy as the NV strategy was the most expensive and resulted in the poorest outcomes. QQVa offers the greatest benefits at the lowest cost and should be considered as a potential priority strategy for Italian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Azzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - V Baldo
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
| | - S Giuffrida
- LHU Reggio Calabria, Reggio 89100, Calabria, Italy
| | - R Gani
- Evidence Synthesis, Modeling & Communication, Evidera, London, UK
| | - E O'Brien
- Evidence Synthesis, Modeling & Communication, Evidera, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - V J Daniels
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - L J Wolfson
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gani R, Ali Bhat Z, Ahmad Dar M, Akbar Dar M, Yousuf Rather JU. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Characteristics of the Fruits of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch, Growing Wild in Kashmir Valley, India. Int J Pharm Investig 2020. [DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2020.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
4
|
Gani R, Bhat ZA, Dar MA, Shah Z. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Characteristics of the Aerial Part of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. Growing Wild in Kashmir Valley, India. Pharm Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.5530/phm.2019.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
5
|
Gani R, Bhat ZA, Dar MA, Dar MA, Rather JUY. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Characteristics of The Fruits of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch, Growing Wild in Kashmir Valley, India. Pharm Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.5530/phm.2019.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
de Hemptinne JC, Ferrasse JH, Gorak A, Kjelstrup S, Maréchal F, Baudouin O, Gani R. Energy efficiency as an example of cross-discipline collaboration in chemical engineering. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Heitzig M, Rong Y, Gregson C, Sin G, Gani R. Systematic Multi-Scale Model Development Strategy for the Fragrance Spraying Process and Transport. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Diaz-Tovar CA, Ceriani R, Gani R, Sarup B. Systematic methodology and property prediction of fatty systems for process design/analysis in the oil and fat industry. Braz J Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322010000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Ceriani
- State University of Campinas, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - R. Gani
- Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - B. Sarup
- Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alvarado-Morales M, Terra J, Gernaey K, Woodley J, Gani R. Biorefining: Computer aided tools for sustainable design and analysis of bioethanol production. Chem Eng Res Des 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Mitkowski P, Buchaly C, Kreis P, Jonsson G, Górak A, Gani R. Computer aided design, analysis and experimental investigation of membrane assisted batch reaction–separation systems. Comput Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Soni V, Abildskov J, Jonsson G, Gani R. Modeling and analysis of vacuum membrane distillation for the recovery of volatile aroma compounds from black currant juice. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
López-Arenas T, Sales-Cruz M, Gani R. Computer-Aided Model Based Analysis for Design and Operation of a Copolymerization Process. Chem Eng Res Des 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd.05078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide spread of the H5N1 influenza virus in birds has increased concerns of a new human influenza pandemic and a number of surveillance initiatives are planned, or are in place, to monitor the impact of a pandemic in near real-time. Using epidemiological data collected during the early stages of an outbreak, we show how the timing of the maximum prevalence of the pandemic wave, along with its amplitude and duration, might be predicted by fitting a mass-action epidemic model to the surveillance data by standard regression analysis. This method is validated by applying the model to routine data collected in the United Kingdom during the different waves of the previous three pandemics. The success of the method in forecasting historical prevalence suggests that such outbreaks conform reasonably well to the theoretical model, a factor which may be exploited in a future pandemic to update ongoing planning and response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Hall
- Microbial Risk Assessment, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sales-Cruz M, Gani R. Computer-Aided Modelling of Short-Path Evaporation for Chemical Product Purification, Analysis and Design. Chem Eng Res Des 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd.05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Mladenovska Z, Hartmann H, Kvist T, Sales-Cruz M, Gani R, Ahring BK. Thermal pretreatment of the solid fraction of manure: impact on the biogas reactor performance and microbial community. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:59-67. [PMID: 16784190 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of thermal treatment at 100-140 degrees C as a pretreatment method prior to anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cattle and swine manure was investigated. In a batch test, biogasification of manure with thermally pretreated solid fraction proceeded faster and resulted in the increase of methane yield. The performances of two thermophilic continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) treating manure with solid fraction pretreated for 40 minutes at 140 degrees C and non-treated manure were compared. The digester fed with the thermally pretreated manure had a higher methane productivity and an improved removal of the volatile solids (VS). The properties of microbial communities of both reactors were analysed. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) test showed that both biomasses had significant activity towards hydrogen and formate, while the activity with the VFA - acetate, propionate and butyrate - was low. The kinetic parameters of the VFA conversion revealed a reduced affinity of the microbial community from the CSTR fed with thermally pre-treated manure for acetate, propionate and butyrate. The bacterial and archaeal populations identified by t-RLFP analysis of 16S rRNA genes were found to be identical in both systems. However, a change in the abundance of the species present was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mladenovska
- The Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 227, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Eden M, Jergensen S, Gani R, El-Halwagi M. Reverse problem formulation based techniques for process and product synthesis and design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1570-7946(03)80586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
Despite eradication, smallpox still presents a risk to public health whilst laboratory stocks of virus remain. One factor crucial to any assessment of this risk is R0, the average number of secondary cases infected by each primary case. However, recently applied estimates have varied too widely (R0 from 1.5 to >20) to be of practical use, and often appear to disregard contingent factors such as socio-economic conditions and herd immunity. Here we use epidemic modelling to show a more consistent derivation of R0. In isolated pre-twentieth century populations with negligible herd immunity, the numbers of cases initially rose exponentially, with an R0 between 3.5 and 6. Before outbreak controls were applied, smallpox also demonstrated similar levels of transmission in 30 sporadic outbreaks in twentieth century Europe, taking into account pre-existing vaccination levels (about 50%) and the role of hospitals in doubling early transmission. Should smallpox recur, such estimates of transmission potential (R0 from 3.5 to 6) predict a reasonably rapid epidemic rise before the implementation of public health interventions, because little residual herd immunity exists now that vaccination has ceased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gani
- Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takano K, Gani R, Ishikawa T, Kolar P. Integrated System for Design and Analysis of Separation Processes with Electrolyte Systems. Chem Eng Res Des 2000. [DOI: 10.1205/026387600527770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
Ruiz C, Jaksland C, Gani R. Energy Efficiency in High Purity Cyclohexane Production. Chem Eng Res Des 1998. [DOI: 10.1205/026387698524794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Pilavachi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, Av. Fr. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Schenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E. Perez-Cisneros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. Gani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Constantinou L, Bagherpour K, Gani R, Klein J, Wu D. Computer aided product design: problem formulations, methodology and applications. Comput Chem Eng 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(95)00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Tessendorf S, Gani R, Michelsen M. Aspects of modeling, design and operation of membrane-based separation processes for gaseous mixtures. Comput Chem Eng 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(96)00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Abstract
Nucleolar fusion and nucleolus formation occurred simultaneously, immediately after mitosis, in cultured human lymphocytes. Evidence is presented that in late telophase and post-telophase, the individual nucleolar organising site includes two components, represented in post-telophase by the nucleolus and its attached process; that fusion can be either directly between the nucleoli or via the processes; and that the latter type of fusion persists into metaphase as acrocentric associations, whilst the former is lost.
Collapse
|
39
|
|