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Sultan I, Ramste M, Peletier P, Hemanthakumar KA, Ramanujam D, Tirronen A, von Wright Y, Antila S, Saharinen P, Eklund L, Mervaala E, Ylä-Herttuala S, Engelhardt S, Kivelä R, Alitalo K. Contribution of VEGF-B-Induced Endocardial Endothelial Cell Lineage in Physiological Versus Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2024; 134:1465-1482. [PMID: 38655691 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B (vascular endothelial growth factor B) in revascularization of the ischemic myocardium, but the associated cardiac hypertrophy and adverse side effects remain a concern. To understand the importance of endothelial proliferation and migration for the beneficial versus adverse effects of VEGF-B in the heart, we explored the cardiac effects of autocrine versus paracrine VEGF-B expression in transgenic and gene-transduced mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare cardiac endothelial gene expression in VEGF-B transgenic mouse models. Lineage tracing was used to identify the origin of a VEGF-B-induced novel endothelial cell population and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery to compare the effects of VEGF-B isoforms. Cardiac function was investigated using echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Unlike in physiological cardiac hypertrophy driven by a cardiomyocyte-specific VEGF-B transgene (myosin heavy chain alpha-VEGF-B), autocrine VEGF-B expression in cardiac endothelium (aP2 [adipocyte protein 2]-VEGF-B) was associated with septal defects and failure to increase perfused subendocardial capillaries postnatally. Paracrine VEGF-B led to robust proliferation and myocardial migration of a novel cardiac endothelial cell lineage (VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells) of endocardial origin, whereas autocrine VEGF-B increased proliferation of VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells but failed to promote their migration and efficient contribution to myocardial capillaries. The surviving aP2-VEGF-B offspring showed an altered ratio of secreted VEGF-B isoforms and developed massive pathological cardiac hypertrophy with a distinct cardiac vessel pattern. In the normal heart, we found a small VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell population that was only minimally expanded during myocardial infarction but not during physiological cardiac hypertrophy associated with mouse pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine and autocrine secretions of VEGF-B induce expansion of a specific endocardium-derived endothelial cell population with distinct angiogenic markers. However, autocrine VEGF-B signaling fails to promote VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell migration and contribution to myocardial capillaries, predisposing to septal defects and inducing a mismatch between angiogenesis and myocardial growth, which results in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sultan
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Ramste
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pim Peletier
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, DZHK partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., S.E.)
- RNATICS GmbH, Planegg, Germany (D.R.)
| | - Annakaisa Tirronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.T., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Ylva von Wright
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salli Antila
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology (E.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.T., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, DZHK partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., S.E.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program (R.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (R.K.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Broberg M, Ampuja M, Jones S, Ojala T, Rahkonen O, Kivelä R, Priest J, Palotie A, Ollila HM, Helle E. Genome-wide association studies highlight novel risk loci for septal defects and left-sided congenital heart defects. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:256. [PMID: 38454350 PMCID: PMC10918883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHD) are structural defects of the heart affecting approximately 1% of newborns. They exhibit low penetrance and non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance as varied and complex traits. While genetic factors are known to play an important role in the development of CHD, the specific genetics remain unknown for the majority of patients. To elucidate the underlying genetic risk, we performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) of CHDs in general and specific CHD subgroups using the FinnGen Release 10 (R10) (N > 393,000), followed by functional fine-mapping through eQTL and co-localization analyses using the GTEx database. RESULTS We discovered three genome-wide significant loci associated with general CHD. Two of them were located in chromosome 17: 17q21.32 (rs2316327, intronic: LRRC37A2, Odds ratio (OR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.17[1.12-1.23], p = 1.5 × 10-9) and 17q25.3 (rs1293973611, nearest: BAHCC1, OR[95%CI] = 4.48[2.80-7.17], p = 7.0 × 10-10), respectively, and in addition to general CHD, the rs1293973611 locus was associated with the septal defect subtype. The third locus was in band 1p21.2 (rs35046143, nearest: PALMD, OR[95%CI] = 1.15[1.09-1.21], p = 7.1 × 10-9), and it was associated with general CHD and left-sided lesions. In the subgroup analysis, two additional loci were associated with septal defects (rs75230966 and rs6824295), and one with left-sided lesions (rs1305393195). In the eQTL analysis the variants rs2316327 (general CHD), and rs75230966 (septal defects) both located in 17q21.32 (with a LD r2 of 0.41) were both predicted to significantly associate with the expression of WNT9B in the atrial appendage tissue category. This effect was further confirmed by co-localization analysis, which also implicated WNT3 expression in the atrial appendage. A meta-analysis of general CHD together with the UK Biobank (combined N = 881,678) provided a different genome-wide significant locus in LRRC37A2; rs16941382 (OR[95%CI] = 1.15[1.11-1.20], p = 1.5 × 10-9) which is in significant LD with rs2316327. CONCLUSIONS Our results of general CHD and different CHD subcategories identified a complex risk locus on chromosome 17 near BAHCC1 and LRRC37A2, interacting with the genes WNT9B, WNT3 and MYL4, may constitute potential novel CHD risk associated loci, warranting future experimental tests to determine their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Broberg
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ojala
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Rahkonen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - James Priest
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
- , Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.
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Mäntyselkä S, Kolari K, Baumert P, Ylä-Outinen L, Kuikka L, Lahtonen S, Permi P, Wackerhage H, Kalenius E, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Serine synthesis pathway enzyme PHGDH is critical for muscle cell biomass, anabolic metabolism, and mTORC1 signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E73-E91. [PMID: 37991454 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00151.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cells use glycolytic intermediates for anabolism, e.g., via the serine synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways. However, we still understand poorly how these metabolic pathways contribute to skeletal muscle cell biomass generation. The first aim of this study was therefore to identify enzymes that limit protein synthesis, myotube size, and proliferation in skeletal muscle cells. We inhibited key enzymes of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the serine synthesis pathway to evaluate their importance in C2C12 myotube protein synthesis. Based on the results of this first screen, we then focused on the serine synthesis pathway enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). We used two different PHGDH inhibitors and mouse C2C12 and human primary muscle cells to study the importance and function of PHGDH. Both myoblasts and myotubes incorporated glucose-derived carbon into proteins, RNA, and lipids, and we showed that PHGDH is essential in these processes. PHGDH inhibition decreased protein synthesis, myotube size, and myoblast proliferation without cytotoxic effects. The decreased protein synthesis in response to PHGDH inhibition appears to occur mainly mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependently, as was evident from experiments with insulin-like growth factor 1 and rapamycin. Further metabolomics analyses revealed that PHGDH inhibition accelerated glycolysis and altered amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism. Finally, we found that supplementing an antioxidant and redox modulator, N-acetylcysteine, partially rescued the decreased protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling during PHGDH inhibition. The data suggest that PHGDH activity is critical for skeletal muscle cell biomass generation from glucose and that it regulates protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The use of glycolytic intermediates for anabolism was demonstrated in both myoblasts and myotubes, which incorporate glucose-derived carbon into proteins, RNA, and lipids. We identify phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) as a critical enzyme in those processes and also for muscle cell hypertrophy, proliferation, protein synthesis, and mTORC1 signaling. Our results thus suggest that PHGDH in skeletal muscle is more than just a serine-synthesizing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Mäntyselkä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kalle Kolari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Ylä-Outinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauri Kuikka
- Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Suvi Lahtonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Vaparanta K, Jokilammi A, Paatero I, Merilahti JA, Heliste J, Hemanthakumar KA, Kivelä R, Alitalo K, Taimen P, Elenius K. STAT5b is a key effector of NRG-1/ERBB4-mediated myocardial growth. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56689. [PMID: 37009825 PMCID: PMC10157316 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) regulates myocardial growth and is currently under clinical investigation as a treatment for heart failure. Here, we demonstrate in several in vitro and in vivo models that STAT5b mediates NRG-1/EBBB4-stimulated cardiomyocyte growth. Genetic and chemical disruption of the NRG-1/ERBB4 pathway reduces STAT5b activation and transcription of STAT5b target genes Igf1, Myc, and Cdkn1a in murine cardiomyocytes. Loss of Stat5b also ablates NRG-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Dynamin-2 is shown to control the cell surface localization of ERBB4 and chemical inhibition of Dynamin-2 downregulates STAT5b activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In zebrafish embryos, Stat5 is activated during NRG-1-induced hyperplastic myocardial growth, and chemical inhibition of the Nrg-1/Erbb4 pathway or Dynamin-2 leads to loss of myocardial growth and Stat5 activation. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of stat5b results in reduced myocardial growth and cardiac function. Finally, the NRG-1/ERBB4/STAT5b signaling pathway is differentially regulated at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium of patients with pathological cardiac hypertrophy as compared to control human subjects, consistent with a role of the NRG-1/ERBB4/STAT5b pathway in myocardial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Vaparanta
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | - Johannes A Merilahti
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | - Juho Heliste
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PathologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of OncologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Beltrà M, Pöllänen N, Fornelli C, Tonttila K, Hsu MY, Zampieri S, Moletta L, Corrà S, Porporato PE, Kivelä R, Viscomi C, Sandri M, Hulmi JJ, Sartori R, Pirinen E, Penna F. NAD + repletion with niacin counteracts cancer cachexia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1849. [PMID: 37012289 PMCID: PMC10070388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. In this study we confirm that depletion of NAD+ and downregulation of Nrk2, an NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, are common features of severe cachexia in different mouse models. Testing NAD+ repletion therapy in cachectic mice reveals that NAD+ precursor, vitamin B3 niacin, efficiently corrects tissue NAD+ levels, improves mitochondrial metabolism and ameliorates cancer- and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. In a clinical setting, we show that muscle NRK2 is downregulated in cancer patients. The low expression of NRK2 correlates with metabolic abnormalities underscoring the significance of NAD+ in the pathophysiology of human cancer cachexia. Overall, our results propose NAD+ metabolism as a therapy target for cachectic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Beltrà
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Fornelli
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Kialiina Tonttila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Moletta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Padova (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Fabio Penna
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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6
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Lautaoja JH, Turner DC, Sharples AP, Kivelä R, Pekkala S, Hulmi JJ, Ylä-Outinen L. Mimicking exercise in vitro - effects of myotube contractions and mechanical stretch on omics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C886-C892. [PMID: 36881402 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00586.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies using skeletal muscle (SkM) cell culture models to study exercise in vitro are rapidly expanding. Progressively, more comprehensive analysis methods, such as different omics approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been used to examine the intra- and extracellular molecular responses to exercise mimicking stimuli in cultured myotubes. Among other techniques, exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EL-EPS) and mechanical stretch of SkM cells are the two most commonly used methods to mimic exercise in vitro. In this mini-review we focus on these two approaches and their effects on the omics of myotubes and/or cell culture media. Furthermore, besides traditional two-dimensional (2D) methods, the use of three-dimensional (3D) SkM approaches are increasing in the field of in vitro exercise mimicry. Our aim with this mini-review is to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of the 2D and 3D models and the use of omics approaches to study the molecular response to exercise in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel C Turner
- Institute for Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NIH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Institute for Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NIH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Ylä-Outinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Fachada V, Silvennoinen M, Sahinaho UM, Rahkila P, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ, Kujala U, Kainulainen H. Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1 α. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054282. [PMID: 36901715 PMCID: PMC10002284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is of paramount importance for metabolic health, specifically through its connection to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and through its modulation by exercise. In this study, we aimed at better understanding intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their related key proteins in response to physical activity and BCAA deprivation. By means of confocal microscopy, we examined IMCL and the lipid droplet coating proteins PLIN2 and PLIN5 in human twin pairs discordant for physical activity. Additionally, in order to study IMCLs, PLINs and their association to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in cytosolic and nuclear pools, we mimicked exercise-induced contractions in C2C12 myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), with or without BCAA deprivation. The life-long physically active twins displayed an increased IMCL signal in type I fibers when compared to their inactive twin pair. Moreover, the inactive twins showed a decreased association between PLIN2 and IMCL. Similarly, in the C2C12 cell line, PLIN2 dissociated from IMCL when myotubes were deprived of BCAA, especially when contracting. In addition, in myotubes, EPS led to an increase in nuclear PLIN5 signal and its associations with IMCL and PGC-1α. This study demonstrates how physical activity and BCAA availability affects IMCL and their associated proteins, providing further and novel evidence for the link between the BCAA, energy and lipid metabolisms.
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8
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Helle E, Ampuja M, Dainis A, Antola L, Temmes E, Tolvanen E, Mervaala E, Kivelä R. HiPS-Endothelial Cells Acquire Cardiac Endothelial Phenotype in Co-culture With hiPS-Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715093. [PMID: 34422835 PMCID: PMC8378235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are crucial for organ development and function. In the heart, endothelial cells engage in bidirectional communication with cardiomyocytes regulating cardiac development and growth. We aimed to elucidate the organotypic development of cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell crosstalk using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed with hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) and endothelial cells (hiPS-ECs) in mono- and co-culture. The presence of hiPS-CMs led to increased expression of transcripts related to vascular development and maturation, cardiac development, as well as cardiac endothelial cell and endocardium-specific genes in hiPS-ECs. Interestingly, co-culture induced the expression of cardiomyocyte myofibrillar genes and MYL7 and MYL4 protein expression was detected in hiPS-ECs. Major regulators of BMP- and Notch-signaling pathways were induced in both cell types in co-culture. These results reflect the findings from animal studies and extend them to human endothelial cells, demonstrating the importance of EC-CM interactions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Dainis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura Antola
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Temmes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Samaria Health Centre, Espoo, Finland
| | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Fachada V, Lautaoja JH, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Muscle follistatin gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis independent of periodical physical inactivity and fasting. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21387. [PMID: 33559263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blocking of myostatin and activins effectively counteracts muscle atrophy. However, the potential interaction with physical inactivity and fasting in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis is poorly understood. We used blockade of myostatin and activins by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated follistatin (FS288) overexpression in mouse tibialis anterior muscle. To investigate the effects on muscle protein synthesis, muscles were collected 7 days after rAAV-injection in the nighttime or in the daytime representing high and low levels of activity and feeding, respectively, or after overnight fasting, refeeding, or ad libitum feeding. Muscle protein synthesis was increased by FS288 independent of the time of the day or the feeding status. However, the activation of mTORC1 signaling by FS288 was attenuated in the daytime and by overnight fasting. FS288 also increased the amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but did not alter their localization toward the sarcolemma. This study shows that FS288 gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis largely independent of diurnal fluctuations in physical activity and food intake or feeding status, overriding the physiological signals. This is important for eg cachectic and sarcopenic patients with reduced physical activity and appetite. The FS288-induced increase in mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis may be in part driven by increased amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but not by their localization toward sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vasco Fachada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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10
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Hemanthakumar KA, Fang S, Anisimov A, Mäyränpää MI, Mervaala E, Kivelä R. Cardiovascular disease risk factors induce mesenchymal features and senescence in mouse cardiac endothelial cells. eLife 2021; 10:62678. [PMID: 33661096 PMCID: PMC8043751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, obesity, hypertension, and physical inactivity are major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic methods to investigate the common effects of CVD risk factors in mouse cardiac endothelial cells (ECs). Aging, obesity, and pressure overload all upregulated pathways related to TGF-β signaling and mesenchymal gene expression, inflammation, vascular permeability, oxidative stress, collagen synthesis, and cellular senescence, whereas exercise training attenuated most of the same pathways. We identified collagen chaperone Serpinh1 (also called as Hsp47) to be significantly increased by aging and obesity and repressed by exercise training. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that increased SERPINH1 in human ECs induced mesenchymal properties, while its silencing inhibited collagen deposition. Our data demonstrate that CVD risk factors significantly remodel the transcriptomic landscape of cardiac ECs inducing inflammatory, senescence, and mesenchymal features. SERPINH1 was identified as a potential therapeutic target in ECs. Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in the western world. Endothelial cells that line the blood vessels of the heart play a central role in the development of these diseases. In addition to helping transport blood, these cells support the normal running of the heart, and help it to grow and regenerate. Over time as the body ages and experiences stress, endothelial cells start to deteriorate. This can cause the cells to undergo senescence and stop dividing, and lay down scar-like tissue via a process called fibrosis. As a result, the blood vessels start to stiffen and become less susceptible to repair. Ageing, obesity, high blood pressure, and inactivity all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, whereas regular exercise has a protective effect. But it was unclear how these different factors affect endothelial cells. To investigate this, Hemanthakumar et al. compared the gene activity of different sets of mice: old vs young, obese vs lean, heart problems vs healthy, and fit vs sedentary. All these risk factors – age, weight, inactivity and heart defects – caused the mice’s endothelial cells to activate mechanisms that lead to stress, senescence and fibrosis. Whereas exercise training had the opposite effect, and turned off the same genes and pathways. All of the at-risk groups also had high levels of a gene called SerpinH1, which helps produce tissue fiber and collagen. Experiments increasing the levels of SerpinH1 in human endothelial cells grown in the laboratory recreated the effects seen in mice, and switched on markers of stress, senescence and fibrosis. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease now accounts for 10% of the disease burden worldwide. Revealing the affects it has on gene activity could help identify new targets for drug development, such as SerpinH1. Understanding the molecular effects of exercise on blood vessels could also aid in the design of treatments that mimic exercise. This could help people who are unable to follow training programs to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shentong Fang
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Räsänen M, Sultan I, Paech J, Hemanthakumar KA, Yu W, He L, Tang J, Sun Y, Hlushchuk R, Huan X, Armstrong E, Khoma OZ, Mervaala E, Djonov V, Betsholtz C, Zhou B, Kivelä R, Alitalo K. VEGF-B Promotes Endocardium-Derived Coronary Vessel Development and Cardiac Regeneration. Circulation 2020; 143:65-77. [PMID: 33203221 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent discoveries have indicated that, in the developing heart, sinus venosus and endocardium provide major sources of endothelium for coronary vessel growth that supports the expanding myocardium. Here we set out to study the origin of the coronary vessels that develop in response to vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) in the heart and the effect of VEGF-B on recovery from myocardial infarction. METHODS We used mice and rats expressing a VEGF-B transgene, VEGF-B-gene-deleted mice and rats, apelin-CreERT, and natriuretic peptide receptor 3-CreERT recombinase-mediated genetic cell lineage tracing and viral vector-mediated VEGF-B gene transfer in adult mice. Left anterior descending coronary vessel ligation was performed, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-mediated proliferating cell cycle labeling; flow cytometry; histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods; single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis; microcomputed tomography; and fluorescent- and tracer-mediated vascular perfusion imaging analyses were used to study the development and function of the VEGF-B-induced vessels in the heart. RESULTS We show that cardiomyocyte overexpression of VEGF-B in mice and rats during development promotes the growth of novel vessels that originate directly from the cardiac ventricles and maintain connection with the coronary vessels in subendocardial myocardium. In adult mice, endothelial proliferation induced by VEGF-B gene transfer was located predominantly in the subendocardial coronary vessels. Furthermore, VEGF-B gene transduction before or concomitantly with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery promoted endocardium-derived vessel development into the myocardium and improved cardiac tissue remodeling and cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS The myocardial VEGF-B transgene promotes the formation of endocardium-derived coronary vessels during development, endothelial proliferation in subendocardial myocardium in adult mice, and structural and functional rescue of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. VEGF-B could provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac neovascularization after coronary occlusion to rescue the most vulnerable myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | - Jennifer Paech
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | - Wei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (W.Y., J.T., X.H., B.Z.)
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, China (L.H.).,Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H., Y.S., C.B.)
| | - Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (W.Y., J.T., X.H., B.Z.)
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H., Y.S., C.B.)
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Switzerland (R.H., O.-Z.K., V.D.)
| | - Xiuzheng Huan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (W.Y., J.T., X.H., B.Z.)
| | - Emma Armstrong
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | | | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.M.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Switzerland (R.H., O.-Z.K., V.D.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (W.Y., J.T., X.H., B.Z.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine (M.R., I.S., J.P., K.A.H., E.A., R.K., K.A.)
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12
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Klems A, van Rijssel J, Ramms AS, Wild R, Hammer J, Merkel M, Derenbach L, Préau L, Hinkel R, Suarez-Martinez I, Schulte-Merker S, Vidal R, Sauer S, Kivelä R, Alitalo K, Kupatt C, van Buul JD, le Noble F. The GEF Trio controls endothelial cell size and arterial remodeling downstream of Vegf signaling in both zebrafish and cell models. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5319. [PMID: 33087700 PMCID: PMC7578835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial networks enlarge in response to increase in tissue metabolism to facilitate flow and nutrient delivery. Typically, the transition of a growing artery with a small diameter into a large caliber artery with a sizeable diameter occurs upon the blood flow driven change in number and shape of endothelial cells lining the arterial lumen. Here, using zebrafish embryos and endothelial cell models, we describe an alternative, flow independent model, involving enlargement of arterial endothelial cells, which results in the formation of large diameter arteries. Endothelial enlargement requires the GEF1 domain of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio and activation of Rho-GTPases Rac1 and RhoG in the cell periphery, inducing F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling, myosin based tension at junction regions and focal adhesions. Activation of Trio in developing arteries in vivo involves precise titration of the Vegf signaling strength in the arterial wall, which is controlled by the soluble Vegf receptor Flt1. Arterial flow regulates artery diameter but other mechanisms may also affect this. Here, the authors show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio and GTPases Rac1 and RhoG, triggers F-actin remodeling in arterial endothelial cells, independent of flow, to enhance lumen diameter in zebrafish and cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Klems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jos van Rijssel
- Molecular Cell Biology lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S Ramms
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Raphael Wild
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Hammer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Merkel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Derenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laetitia Préau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Irina Suarez-Martinez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ramon Vidal
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology & Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology & Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Munich, Germany, and DZHK, (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Helle E, Ampuja M, Antola L, Kivelä R. Flow-Induced Transcriptomic Remodeling of Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:591450. [PMID: 33178051 PMCID: PMC7593792 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.591450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is essential for the development and function of all organs and tissues in our body. The molecular signature and phenotype of endothelial cells (EC) are greatly affected by blood flow-induced shear stress, which is a vital component of vascular development and homeostasis. Recent advances in differentiation of ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have enabled development of in vitro experimental models of the vasculature containing cells from healthy individuals or from patients harboring genetic variants or diseases of interest. Here we have used hiPSC-derived ECs and bulk- and single-cell RNA sequencing to study the effect of flow on the transcriptomic landscape of hiPSC-ECs and their heterogeneity. We demonstrate that hiPS-ECs are plastic and they adapt to flow by expressing known flow-induced genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that flow induced a more homogenous and homeostatically more stable EC population compared to static cultures, as genes related to cell polarization, barrier formation and glucose and fatty acid transport were induced. The hiPS-ECs increased both arterial and venous markers when exposed to flow. Interestingly, while in general there was a greater increase in the venous markers, one cluster with more arterial-like hiPS-ECs was detected. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that not all hiPS-ECs are similar even after sorting, but exposing them to flow increases their homogeneity. Since hiPS-ECs resemble immature ECs and demonstrate high plasticity in response to flow, they provide an excellent model to study vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Antola
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Honkala SM, Motiani P, Kivelä R, Hemanthakumar KA, Tolvanen E, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Kemppainen J, Heiskanen MA, Löyttyniemi E, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Exercise training improves adipose tissue metabolism and vasculature regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000830. [PMID: 32816872 PMCID: PMC7437884 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 26 insulin-resistant (IR) and 28 healthy participants were randomized into 2-week-long SIT (4-6×30 s at maximum effort) and MICT (40-60 min at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting-free fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs) were quantified with positron emission tomography. Abdominal SAT biopsies were collected to determine adipocyte morphology, gene expression markers of lipolysis, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. RESULTS Training increased glucose uptake in VAT (p<0.001) and femoral SAT (p<0.001) and decreased fatty acid uptake in VAT (p=0.01) irrespective of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. In IR participants, training increased adipose tissue vasculature and decreased CD36 and ANGPTL4 gene expression in abdominal SAT. SIT was superior in increasing VO2peak and VAT glucose uptake in the IR group, whereas MICT reduced VAT fatty acid uptake more than SIT. CONCLUSIONS Short-term training improves adipose tissue metabolism both in healthy and IR participants independently of the sex. Adipose tissue angiogenesis and gene expression was only significantly affected in IR participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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15
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Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner surface of all blood and lymphatic vessels throughout the body, making endothelium one of the largest tissues. In addition to its transport function, endothelium is now appreciated as a dynamic organ actively participating in angiogenesis, permeability and vascular tone regulation, as well as in the development and regeneration of tissues. The identification of endothelial-derived secreted factors, angiocrines, has revealed non-angiogenic mechanisms of endothelial cells in both physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. In the heart, ECs play a variety of important roles during cardiac development as well as in growth, homeostasis and regeneration of the adult heart. To date, several angiocrines affecting cardiomyocyte growth in response to physiological or pathological stimuli have been identified. In this review, we discuss the effects of angiogenesis and EC-mediated signaling in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Identification of the molecular and metabolic signals from ECs during physiological and pathological cardiac growth could provide novel therapeutic targets to treat heart failure, as endothelium is emerging as one of the potential target organs in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Houssari M, Dumesnil A, Tardif V, Kivelä R, Pizzinat N, Boukhalfa I, Godefroy D, Schapman D, Hemanthakumar KA, Bizou M, Henry JP, Renet S, Riou G, Rondeaux J, Anouar Y, Adriouch S, Fraineau S, Alitalo K, Richard V, Mulder P, Brakenhielm E. Lymphatic and Immune Cell Cross-Talk Regulates Cardiac Recovery After Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1722-1737. [PMID: 32404007 PMCID: PMC7310303 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Lymphatics play an essential pathophysiological role in promoting fluid and immune cell tissue clearance. Conversely, immune cells may influence lymphatic function and remodeling. Recently, cardiac lymphangiogenesis has been proposed as a therapeutic target to prevent heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated the effects of gene therapy to modulate cardiac lymphangiogenesis post-MI in rodents. Second, we determined the impact of cardiac-infiltrating T cells on lymphatic remodeling in the heart. Approach and Results: Comparing adenoviral versus adeno-associated viral gene delivery in mice, we found that only sustained VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-CC156S therapy, achieved by adeno-associated viral vectors, increased cardiac lymphangiogenesis, and led to reduced cardiac inflammation and dysfunction by 3 weeks post-MI. Conversely, inhibition of VEGF-C/-D signaling, through adeno-associated viral delivery of soluble VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3), limited infarct lymphangiogenesis. Unexpectedly, this treatment improved cardiac function post-MI in both mice and rats, linked to reduced infarct thinning due to acute suppression of T-cell infiltration. Finally, using pharmacological, genetic, and antibody-mediated prevention of cardiac T-cell recruitment in mice, we discovered that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells potently suppress, in part through interferon-γ, cardiac lymphangiogenesis post-MI. Conclusions: We show that resolution of cardiac inflammation after MI may be accelerated by therapeutic lymphangiogenesis based on adeno-associated viral gene delivery of VEGF-CC156S. Conversely, our work uncovers a major negative role of cardiac-recruited T cells on lymphatic remodeling. Our results give new insight into the interconnection between immune cells and lymphatics in orchestration of cardiac repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Houssari
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Anais Dumesnil
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Virginie Tardif
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm UMR1048, Université de Toulouse III, France (N.P., M.B.)
| | - Ines Boukhalfa
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - David Godefroy
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1239 (DC2N Laboratory), Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.G., Y.A.)
| | - Damien Schapman
- Normandy University, UniRouen, PRIMACEN, Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.S.)
| | - Karthik A Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Mathilde Bizou
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm UMR1048, Université de Toulouse III, France (N.P., M.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Henry
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Gaetan Riou
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1234 (PANTHER Laboratory), Rouen, France (G.R., S.A.)
| | - Julie Rondeaux
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1239 (DC2N Laboratory), Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.G., Y.A.)
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1234 (PANTHER Laboratory), Rouen, France (G.R., S.A.)
| | - Sylvain Fraineau
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Vincent Richard
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Paul Mulder
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
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Vaparanta KM, Jokilammi A, Tamirat M, Hemanthakumar KA, Merilahti J, Kivelä R, Alitalo K, Johnson MS, Elenius K. An extracellular motif localizes receptor tyrosine kinases to membrane platforms for selective STAT activation. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.476.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Insitute of Biomedicine/MedicityUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Elenius
- Insitute of Biomedicine/MedicityUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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18
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Kivelä R, Hemanthakumar KA, Vaparanta K, Robciuc M, Izumiya Y, Kidoya H, Takakura N, Peng X, Sawyer DB, Elenius K, Walsh K, Alitalo K. Endothelial Cells Regulate Physiological Cardiomyocyte Growth via VEGFR2-Mediated Paracrine Signaling. Circulation 2019; 139:2570-2584. [PMID: 30922063 PMCID: PMC6553980 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Heart failure, which is a major global health problem, is often preceded by pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The expansion of the cardiac vasculature, to maintain adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, is a key determinant of whether the heart grows in a physiological compensated manner or a pathological decompensated manner. Bidirectional endothelial cell (EC)–cardiomyocyte (CMC) cross talk via cardiokine and angiocrine signaling plays an essential role in the regulation of cardiac growth and homeostasis. Currently, the mechanisms involved in the EC-CMC interaction are not fully understood, and very little is known about the EC-derived signals involved. Understanding how an excess of angiogenesis induces cardiac hypertrophy and how ECs regulate CMC homeostasis could provide novel therapeutic targets for heart failure. Methods: Genetic mouse models were used to delete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, adeno-associated viral vectors to transduce the myocardium, and pharmacological inhibitors to block VEGF and ErbB signaling in vivo. Cell culture experiments were used for mechanistic studies, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the cardiac phenotypes. Results: Both EC deletion of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and adeno-associated viral vector–mediated delivery of the VEGFR1-specific ligands VEGF-B or placental growth factor into the myocardium increased the coronary vasculature and induced CMC hypertrophy in adult mice. The resulting cardiac hypertrophy was physiological, as indicated by preserved cardiac function and exercise capacity and lack of pathological gene activation. These changes were mediated by increased VEGF signaling via endothelial VEGFR2, because the effects of VEGF-B and placental growth factor on both angiogenesis and CMC growth were fully inhibited by treatment with antibodies blocking VEGFR2 or by endothelial deletion of VEGFR2. To identify activated pathways downstream of VEGFR2, whole-genome transcriptomics and secretome analyses were performed, and the Notch and ErbB pathways were shown to be involved in transducing signals for EC-CMC cross talk in response to angiogenesis. Pharmacological or genetic blocking of ErbB signaling also inhibited part of the VEGF-B–induced effects in the heart. Conclusions: This study reveals that cross talk between the EC VEGFR2 and CMC ErbB signaling pathways coordinates CMC hypertrophy with angiogenesis, contributing to physiological cardiac growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., M.R., K.A.)
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., M.R., K.A.)
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- MediCity Research Laboratories and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (K.V., K.E.).,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland (K.V., K.E.)
| | - Marius Robciuc
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., M.R., K.A.)
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Hiroyasu Kidoya
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan (H.K., N.T.)
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan (H.K., N.T.)
| | - Xuyang Peng
- Maine Medical Center, Portland (X.P., D.B.S.)
| | | | - Klaus Elenius
- MediCity Research Laboratories and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (K.V., K.E.).,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland (K.V., K.E.).,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (K.E.)
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (K.W.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., M.R., K.A.)
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19
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Magga J, Vainio L, Kilpiö T, Hulmi JJ, Taponen S, Lin R, Räsänen M, Szabó Z, Gao E, Rahtu-Korpela L, Alakoski T, Ulvila J, Laitinen M, Pasternack A, Koch WJ, Alitalo K, Kivelä R, Ritvos O, Kerkelä R. Systemic Blockade of ACVR2B Ligands Protects Myocardium from Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Ther 2019; 27:600-610. [PMID: 30765322 PMCID: PMC6404100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A and myostatin, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of secreted factors, are potent negative regulators of muscle growth, but their contribution to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if activin 2B (ACVR2B) receptor ligands contribute to myocardial IR injury. Mice were treated with soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (ACVR2B-Fc) and subjected to myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for 6 or 24 h. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands by ACVR2B-Fc was protective against cardiac IR injury, as evidenced by reduced infarcted area, apoptosis, and autophagy and better preserved LV systolic function following IR. ACVR2B-Fc modified cardiac metabolism, LV mitochondrial respiration, as well as cardiac phenotype toward physiological hypertrophy. Similar to its protective role in IR injury in vivo, ACVR2B-Fc antagonized SMAD2 signaling and cell death in cardiomyocytes that were subjected to hypoxic stress. ACVR2B ligand myostatin was found to exacerbate hypoxic stress. In addition to acute cardioprotection in ischemia, ACVR2B-Fc provided beneficial effects on cardiac function in prolonged cardiac stress in cardiotoxicity model. By blocking myostatin, ACVR2B-Fc potentially reduces cardiomyocyte death and modifies cardiomyocyte metabolism for hypoxic conditions to protect the heart from IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Laura Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Teemu Kilpiö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Taponen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Laitinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
The heart is a complex organ consisting of various cell types, each of which plays an important role in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The cells communicate with each other through direct cell-cell interactions and paracrine signaling, and both homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions contribute to the organized structure and proper function of the heart. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are two of the most abundant cardiac cell types and they also play central roles in both cardiac remodeling and regeneration. The postnatal cell cycle withdrawal of CMs, which takes place within days or weeks after birth, represents the major barrier for regeneration in adult mammalian hearts, as adult CMs exhibit a very low proliferative capacity. Recent evidence highlights the importance of ECs not only as the most abundant cell type in the heart but also as key players in post-infarction remodeling and regeneration. In this MiniReview, we focus on blood vascular ECs and CMs and their roles and interactions in cardiac physiology and pathologies, with a special emphasis on cardiac regeneration. We summarize the known mediators of the bidirectional CM-EC interactions and discuss the related recent advances in the development of therapies aiming to promote heart repair and regeneration targeting these two cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Penna F, Lampinen A, Lautaoja JH, Fachada V, Holopainen T, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Treating cachexia using soluble ACVR2B improves survival, alters mTOR localization, and attenuates liver and spleen responses. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:514-529. [PMID: 29722201 PMCID: PMC5989872 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia increases morbidity and mortality, and blocking of activin receptor ligands has improved survival in experimental cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. METHODS The effects of blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) ligands on both muscle and non-muscle tissues were investigated in a preclinical model of cancer cachexia using a recombinant soluble ACVR2B (sACVR2B-Fc). Treatment with sACVR2B-Fc was applied either only before the tumour formation or with continued treatment both before and after tumour formation. The potential roles of muscle and non-muscle tissues in cancer cachexia were investigated in order to understand the possible mechanisms of improved survival mediated by ACVR2 ligand blocking. RESULTS Blocking of ACVR2 ligands improved survival in tumour-bearing mice only when the mice were treated both before and after the tumour formation. This occurred without effects on tumour growth, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or the level of physical activity. ACVR2 ligand blocking was associated with increased muscle (limb and diaphragm) mass and attenuation of both hepatic protein synthesis and splenomegaly. Especially, the effects on the liver and the spleen were observed independent of the treatment protocol. The prevention of splenomegaly by sACVR2B-Fc was not explained by decreased markers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Decreased tibialis anterior, diaphragm, and heart protein synthesis were observed in cachectic mice. This was associated with decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) colocalization with late-endosomes/lysosomes, which correlated with cachexia and reduced muscle protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged survival with continued ACVR2 ligand blocking could potentially be attributed in part to the maintenance of limb and respiratory muscle mass, but many observed non-muscle effects suggest that the effect may be more complex than previously thought. Our novel finding showing decreased mTOR localization in skeletal muscle with lysosomes/late-endosomes in cancer opens up new research questions and possible treatment options for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Nissinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Anita Lampinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Vasco Fachada
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Tanja Holopainen
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
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22
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Hulmi JJ, Nissinen TA, Räsänen M, Degerman J, Lautaoja JH, Hemanthakumar KA, Backman JT, Ritvos O, Silvennoinen M, Kivelä R. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced cachexia by ACVR2B ligand blocking has different effects on heart and skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:417-432. [PMID: 29230965 PMCID: PMC5879968 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicity of chemotherapy on skeletal muscles and the heart may significantly contribute to cancer cachexia, mortality, and decreased quality of life. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective cytostatic agent, which unfortunately has toxic effects on many healthy tissues. Blocking of activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) ligands is an often used strategy to prevent skeletal muscle loss, but its effects on the heart are relatively unknown. METHODS The effects of DOX treatment with or without pre-treatment with soluble ACVR2B-Fc (sACVR2B-Fc) were investigated. The mice were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: (1) vehicle (PBS)-treated controls, (2) DOX-treated mice (DOX), and (3) DOX-treated mice administered with sACVR2B-Fc during the experiment (DOX + sACVR2B-Fc). DOX was administered with a cumulative dose of 24 mg/kg during 2 weeks to investigate cachexia outcome in the heart and skeletal muscle. To understand similarities and differences between skeletal and cardiac muscles in their responses to chemotherapy, the tissues were collected 20 h after a single DOX (15 mg/kg) injection and analysed with genome-wide transcriptomics and mRNA and protein analyses. The combination group was pre-treated with sACVR2B-Fc 48 h before DOX administration. Major findings were also studied in mice receiving only sACVR2B-Fc. RESULTS The DOX treatment induced similar (~10%) wasting in skeletal muscle and the heart. However, transcriptional changes in response to DOX were much greater in skeletal muscle. Pathway analysis and unbiased transcription factor analysis showed that p53-p21-REDD1 is the main common pathway activated by DOX in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. These changes were attenuated by blocking ACVR2B ligands especially in skeletal muscle. Tceal7 (3-fold to 5-fold increase), transferrin receptor (1.5-fold increase), and Ccl21 (0.6-fold to 0.9-fold decrease) were identified as novel genes responsive to blocking ACVR2B ligands. Overall, at the transcriptome level, ACVR2B ligand blocking had only minor influence in the heart while it had marked effects in skeletal muscle. The same was also true for the effects on tissue wasting. This may be explained in part by about 18-fold higher gene expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle compared with the heart. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac and skeletal muscles display similar atrophy after DOX treatment, but the mechanisms for this may differ between the tissues. The present results suggest that p53-p21-REDD1 signalling is the main common DOX-activated pathway in these tissues and that blocking activin receptor ligands attenuates this response, especially in skeletal muscle supporting the overall stronger effects of this treatment in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha J Hulmi
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli A Nissinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Degerman
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Silvennoinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Khan NA, Nikkanen J, Yatsuga S, Jackson C, Wang L, Pradhan S, Kivelä R, Pessia A, Velagapudi V, Suomalainen A. mTORC1 Regulates Mitochondrial Integrated Stress Response and Mitochondrial Myopathy Progression. Cell Metab 2017; 26:419-428.e5. [PMID: 28768179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction elicits various stress responses in different model systems, but how these responses relate to each other and contribute to mitochondrial disease has remained unclear. Mitochondrial myopathy (MM) is the most common manifestation of adult-onset mitochondrial disease and shows a multifaceted tissue-specific stress response: (1) transcriptional response, including metabolic cytokines FGF21 and GDF15; (2) remodeling of one-carbon metabolism; and (3) mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We show that these processes are part of one integrated mitochondrial stress response (ISRmt), which is controlled by mTORC1 in muscle. mTORC1 inhibition by rapamycin downregulated all components of ISRmt, improved all MM hallmarks, and reversed the progression of even late-stage MM, without inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. Our evidence suggests that (1) chronic upregulation of anabolic pathways contributes to MM progression, (2) long-term induction of ISRmt is not protective for muscle, and (3) rapamycin treatment trials should be considered for adult-type MM with raised FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid A Khan
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Nikkanen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shuichi Yatsuga
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Swagat Pradhan
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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Naumenko N, Huusko J, Tuomainen T, Koivumäki JT, Merentie M, Gurzeler E, Alitalo K, Kivelä R, Ylä-Herttuala S, Tavi P. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B Induces a Distinct Electrophysiological Phenotype in Mouse Heart. Front Physiol 2017; 8:373. [PMID: 28620319 PMCID: PMC5450225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is a potent mediator of vascular, metabolic, growth, and stress responses in the heart, but the effects on cardiac muscle and cardiomyocyte function are not known. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of VEGF-B on the energy metabolism, contractile, and electrophysiological properties of mouse cardiac muscle and cardiac muscle cells. In vivo and ex vivo analysis of cardiac-specific VEGF-B TG mice indicated that the contractile function of the TG hearts was normal. Neither the oxidative metabolism of isolated TG cardiomyocytes nor their energy substrate preference showed any difference to WT cardiomyocytes. Similarly, myocyte Ca2+ signaling showed only minor changes compared to WT myocytes. However, VEGF-B overexpression induced a distinct electrophysiological phenotype characterized by ECG changes such as an increase in QRSp time and decreases in S and R amplitudes. At the level of isolated TG cardiomyocytes, these changes were accompanied with decreased action potential upstroke velocity and increased duration (APD60–70). These changes were partly caused by downregulation of sodium current (INa) due to reduced expression of Nav1.5. Furthermore, TG myocytes had alterations in voltage-gated K+ currents, namely decreased density of transient outward current (Ito) and total K+ current (Ipeak). At the level of transcription, these were accompanied by downregulation of Kv channel-interacting protein 2 (Kcnip2), a known modulatory subunit for Kv4.2/3 channel. Cardiac VEGF-B overexpression induces a distinct electrophysiological phenotype including remodeling of cardiomyocyte ion currents, which in turn induce changes in action potential waveform and ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Huusko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Merentie
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Erika Gurzeler
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
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25
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Kivelä R, Salmela I, Nguyen YH, Petrova TV, Koistinen HA, Wiener Z, Alitalo K. The transcription factor Prox1 is essential for satellite cell differentiation and muscle fibre-type regulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13124. [PMID: 27731315 PMCID: PMC5064023 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable adaptive and regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle is regulated by several transcription factors and pathways. Here we show that the transcription factor Prox1 is an important regulator of myoblast differentiation and of slow muscle fibre type. In both rodent and human skeletal muscles Prox1 is specifically expressed in slow muscle fibres and in muscle stem cells called satellite cells. Prox1 activates the NFAT signalling pathway and is necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of the gene program of slow muscle fibre type. Using lineage-tracing we show that Prox1-positive satellite cells differentiate into muscle fibres. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Prox1 is a critical transcription factor for the differentiation of myoblasts via bi-directional crosstalk with Notch1. These results identify Prox1 as an essential transcription factor that regulates skeletal muscle phenotype and myoblast differentiation by interacting with the NFAT and Notch pathways. Skeletal muscle has remarkable adaptive and regenerative capacity. Here the authors show that the transcription factor Prox1 is necessary for maintenance of slow muscle fibre types via activation of NFAT signalling, and for myoblast differentiation via cross-talk with the Notch signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ida Salmela
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yen Hoang Nguyen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), and Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Zoltan Wiener
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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26
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Nissinen TA, Degerman J, Räsänen M, Poikonen AR, Koskinen S, Mervaala E, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands prevents chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting by restoring muscle protein synthesis without affecting oxidative capacity or atrogenes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32695. [PMID: 27666826 PMCID: PMC5036092 DOI: 10.1038/srep32695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used and effective chemotherapy drug. However, cardiac and skeletal muscle toxicity of doxorubicin limits its use. Inhibiting myostatin/activin signalling can prevent muscle atrophy, but its effects in chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting are unknown. In the present study we investigated the effects of doxorubicin administration alone or combined with activin receptor ligand pathway blockade by soluble activin receptor IIB (sACVR2B-Fc). Doxorubicin administration decreased body mass, muscle size and bone mineral density/content in mice. However, these effects were prevented by sACVR2B-Fc administration. Unlike in many other wasting situations, doxorubicin induced muscle atrophy without markedly increasing typical atrogenes or protein degradation pathways. Instead, doxorubicin decreased muscle protein synthesis which was completely restored by sACVR2B-Fc. Doxorubicin administration also resulted in impaired running performance without effects on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity/function or capillary density. Running performance and mitochondrial function were unaltered by sACVR2B-Fc administration. Tumour experiment using Lewis lung carcinoma cells demonstrated that sACVR2B-Fc decreased the cachectic effects of chemotherapy without affecting tumour growth. These results demonstrate that blocking ACVR2B signalling may be a promising strategy to counteract chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting without damage to skeletal muscle oxidative capacity or cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Nissinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Degerman
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A R Poikonen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J J Hulmi
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Raissadati A, Tuuminen R, Dashkevich A, Bry M, Kivelä R, Anisimov A, Syrjälä S, Arnaudova R, Rouvinen E, Keränen MA, Krebs R, Nykänen AI, Lemström KB. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B Overexpressing Hearts Are Not Protected From Transplant-Associated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2016; 15:203-212. [PMID: 27588416 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2016.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor-B transgene limits myocardial damage in rat infarction models. We investigated whether heart transplant vascular endothelial growth factor-B overexpression protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transplanted hearts heterotopically from Dark Agouti to Wistar Furth rats. To characterize the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-B in ischemia-reperfusion injury, we transplanted either long-term human vascular endothelial growth factor-B transgene overexpressing hearts from Wistar Furth rats or short-term adeno-associated virus 9-human vascular endothelial growth factor-B-transduced hearts from Dark Agouti rats into Wistar Furth rats. Heart transplants were subjected to 2 hours of cold and 1 hour of warm ex vivo ischemia. Samples were collected 6 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS Two hours of cold and 1 hour of warm ischemia increased vascular endothelial growth factor-B mRNA levels 2-fold before transplant and 6 hours after reperfusion. Transgenic vascular endothelial growth factor-B overexpression caused mild cardiac hypertrophy and elevated cardiac troponin T levels 6 hours after reperfusion. Laser Doppler measurements indicated impaired epicardial tissue perfusion in these transgenic transplants. Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor-B increased mRNA levels of cytochrome c oxidase and extracellular ATPase CD39, suggesting active oxidative phosphorylation and high ATP production. Adeno-associated virus 9-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-B overexpression in transplanted hearts increased intragraft macrophages 1.5-fold and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 12 p35 mRNA 1.6-fold, without affecting recipient serum cardiac troponin T concentration. CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor-B expression in transplanted hearts is linked to ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiac transgenic vascular endothelial growth factor-B overexpression failed to protect heart transplants from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Raissadati
- >From the Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki and Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Robciuc MR, Kivelä R, Williams IM, de Boer JF, van Dijk TH, Elamaa H, Tigistu-Sahle F, Molotkov D, Leppänen VM, Käkelä R, Eklund L, Wasserman DH, Groen AK, Alitalo K. VEGFB/VEGFR1-Induced Expansion of Adipose Vasculature Counteracts Obesity and Related Metabolic Complications. Cell Metab 2016; 23:712-24. [PMID: 27076080 PMCID: PMC5898626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis has been implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction and the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Here, we report the unexpected finding that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) gene transduction into mice inhibits obesity-associated inflammation and improves metabolic health without changes in body weight or ectopic lipid deposition. Mechanistically, the binding of VEGFB to VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1, also known as Flt1) activated the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway and increased capillary density, tissue perfusion, and insulin supply, signaling, and function in adipose tissue. Furthermore, endothelial Flt1 gene deletion enhanced the effect of VEGFB, activating the thermogenic program in subcutaneous adipose tissue, which increased the basal metabolic rate, thus preventing diet-induced obesity and related metabolic complications. In obese and insulin-resistant mice, Vegfb gene transfer, together with endothelial Flt1 gene deletion, induced weight loss and mitigated the metabolic complications, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of the VEGFB/VEGFR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius R Robciuc
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harri Elamaa
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Feven Tigistu-Sahle
- Department of Biosciences and Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitry Molotkov
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Department of Biosciences and Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Kivelä R, Salmela I, Wiener Z, Nguyen HY, Koistinen H, Alitalo K. Prox1 transcription factor regulates satellite cell and skeletal muscle fiber phenotype and function. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.826.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ida‐Elina Salmela
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Zoltan Wiener
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hoang Yen Nguyen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heikki Koistinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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30
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Chen HI, Sharma B, Akerberg BN, Numi HJ, Kivelä R, Saharinen P, Aghajanian H, McKay AS, Bogard PE, Chang AH, Jacobs AH, Epstein JA, Stankunas K, Alitalo K, Red-Horse K. The sinus venosus contributes to coronary vasculature through VEGFC-stimulated angiogenesis. Development 2014; 141:4500-12. [PMID: 25377552 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying coronary artery progenitors and their developmental pathways could inspire novel regenerative treatments for heart disease. Multiple sources of coronary vessels have been proposed, including the sinus venosus (SV), endocardium and proepicardium, but their relative contributions to the coronary circulation and the molecular mechanisms regulating their development are poorly understood. We created an ApjCreER mouse line as a lineage-tracing tool to map SV-derived vessels onto the heart and compared the resulting lineage pattern with endocardial and proepicardial contributions to the coronary circulation. The data showed a striking compartmentalization to coronary development. ApjCreER-traced vessels contributed to a large number of arteries, capillaries and veins on the dorsal and lateral sides of the heart. By contrast, untraced vessels predominated in the midline of the ventral aspect and ventricular septum, which are vessel populations primarily derived from the endocardium. The proepicardium gave rise to a smaller fraction of vessels spaced relatively uniformly throughout the ventricular walls. Dorsal (SV-derived) and ventral (endocardial-derived) coronary vessels developed in response to different growth signals. The absence of VEGFC, which is expressed in the epicardium, dramatically inhibited dorsal and lateral coronary growth but left vessels on the ventral side unaffected. We propose that complementary SV-derived and endocardial-derived migratory routes unite to form the coronary vasculature and that the former requires VEGFC, revealing its role as a tissue-specific mediator of blood endothelial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi I Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Harri J Numi
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew S McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Andrew H Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew H Jacobs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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31
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Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Hulmi JJ, Torvinen S, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Reunanen H, Kujala UM, Kainulainen H. Lipid droplet-associated proteins in high-fat fed mice with the effects of voluntary running and diet change. Metabolism 2014; 63:1031-40. [PMID: 24972504 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between lipid accumulation and influence of exercise on insulin sensitivity is not straightforward. A proper balance between lipid droplet synthesis, lipolysis, and oxidative metabolism would ensure low local intramyocellular fatty acid levels, thereby possibly protecting against lipotoxicity-associated insulin resistance. This study investigated whether the accumulation of triglycerides and lipid droplets in response to high availability of fatty acids after high-fat feeding would parallel the abundance of intramyocellular perilipin proteins, especially PLIN5. The effects on these variables after diet change or voluntary running exercise intervention in skeletal muscle were also investigated. METHODS During a 19-week experiment, C57BL/6J mice were studied in six different groups: low-fat diet sedentary, low-fat diet active, high-fat diet sedentary, high-fat diet active and two groups which were high-fat sedentary for nine weeks, after which divided into low-fat sedentary or low-fat active groups. Myocellular triglyceride concentration and perilipin protein expression levels were assessed. RESULTS We show that, concurrently with impaired insulin sensitivity, the expression level of PLIN5 and muscular triglyceride concentration increased dramatically after high-fat diet. These adaptations were reversible after the diet change intervention with no additional effect of exercise. CONCLUSIONS After high-fat diet, lipid droplets become larger providing more surface area for PLIN5. We suggest that PLIN5 is an important regulator of lipid droplet turnover in altered conditions of fatty acid supply and consumption. Imbalances in lipid droplet metabolism and turnover might lead to lipotoxicity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rinnankoski-Tuikka
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sira Torvinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Silvennoinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hilkka Reunanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), discovered over 15 years ago, has long been seen as one of the more ambiguous members of the VEGF family. VEGF-B is produced as two isoforms: one that binds strongly to heparan sulfate in the pericellular matrix and a soluble form that can acquire binding via proteolytic processing. Both forms of VEGF-B bind to VEGF-receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) coreceptor, which are expressed mainly in blood vascular endothelial cells. VEGF-B-deficient mice and rats are viable without any overt phenotype, and the ability of VEGF-B to induce angiogenesis in most tissues is weak. This has been a puzzle, as the related placenta growth factor (PlGF) binds to the same receptors and induces angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a variety of tissues. However, it seems that VEGF-B is a vascular growth factor that is more tissue specific and can have trophic and metabolic effects, and its binding to VEGFR-1 shows subtle but important differences compared with that of PlGF. VEGF-B has the potential to induce coronary vessel growth and cardiac hypertrophy, which can protect the heart from ischemic damage as well as heart failure. In addition, VEGF-B is abundantly expressed in tissues with highly active energy metabolism, where it could support significant metabolic functions. VEGF-B also has a role in neuroprotection, but unlike other members of the VEGF family, it does not have a clear role in tumor progression. Here we review what is hitherto known about the functions of this growth factor in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Bry
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Jeltsch M, Jha SK, Tvorogov D, Anisimov A, Leppänen VM, Holopainen T, Kivelä R, Ortega S, Kärpanen T, Alitalo K. CCBE1Enhances Lymphangiogenesis via A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease With Thrombospondin Motifs-3–Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Activation. Circulation 2014; 129:1962-71. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jeltsch
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Sawan Kumar Jha
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Tanja Holopainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Terhi Kärpanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (M.J., A.A., V.-M.L., R.K., K.A.), Translational Cancer Biology Program (M.J., S.K.J., D.T., A.A., T.H., K.A.), and Department of Biomedicine (M.J.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain (S.O.); Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.K.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
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Kivelä R, Bry M, Robciuc MR, Räsänen M, Taavitsainen M, Silvola JMU, Saraste A, Hulmi JJ, Anisimov A, Mäyränpää MI, Lindeman JH, Eklund L, Hellberg S, Hlushchuk R, Zhuang ZW, Simons M, Djonov V, Knuuti J, Mervaala E, Alitalo K. VEGF-B-induced vascular growth leads to metabolic reprogramming and ischemia resistance in the heart. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:307-21. [PMID: 24448490 PMCID: PMC3958306 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic growth factors have recently been linked to tissue metabolism. We have used genetic gain- and loss-of function models to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of action of vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) in the heart. A cardiomyocyte-specific VEGF-B transgene induced an expanded coronary arterial tree and reprogramming of cardiomyocyte metabolism. This was associated with protection against myocardial infarction and preservation of mitochondrial complex I function upon ischemia-reperfusion. VEGF-B increased VEGF signals via VEGF receptor-2 to activate Erk1/2, which resulted in vascular growth. Akt and mTORC1 pathways were upregulated and AMPK downregulated, readjusting cardiomyocyte metabolic pathways to favor glucose oxidation and macromolecular biosynthesis. However, contrasting with a previous theory, there was no difference in fatty acid uptake by the heart between the VEGF-B transgenic, gene-targeted or wildtype rats. Importantly, we also show that VEGF-B expression is reduced in human heart disease. Our data indicate that VEGF-B could be used to increase the coronary vasculature and to reprogram myocardial metabolism to improve cardiac function in ischemic heart disease. Subject Categories Cardiovascular System; Metabolism See also: C Kupatt and R Hinkel (March 2014)
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Silvennoinen M, Torvinen S, Hulmi JJ, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Reunanen H, Kainulainen H. Effects of high-fat diet and physical activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 in mouse skeletal muscle. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:53. [PMID: 22682013 PMCID: PMC3407034 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of PDK4 is elevated by diabetes, fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. It is previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, coactivates in cell lines pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). We investigated the effects of long-term high-fat diet and physical activity on the expression of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα and the amount and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Methods Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet for 19 weeks in C57BL/6 J mice, which were either sedentary or with access to running wheels. The skeletal muscle expression levels of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα were measured and the quality and quantity of mitochondrial function was assessed. Results The HF mice were more insulin-resistant than the low-fat (LF) -fed mice. Upregulation of PDK4 and ERRα mRNA and protein levels were seen after the HF diet, and when combined with running even more profound effects on the mRNA expression levels were observed. Chronic HF feeding and voluntary running did not have significant effects on PGC-1α mRNA or protein levels. No remarkable difference was found in the amount or function of mitochondria. Conclusions Our results support the view that insulin resistance is not mediated by the decreased qualitative or quantitative properties of mitochondria. Instead, the role of PDK4 should be contemplated as a possible contributor to high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rinnankoski-Tuikka
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Hulmi JJ, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Kainulainen H. Altered REDD1, myostatin, and Akt/mTOR/FoxO/MAPK signaling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E307-15. [PMID: 22068602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00398.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes, if poorly controlled, leads to skeletal muscle atrophy, decreasing the quality of life. We aimed to search highly responsive genes in diabetic muscle atrophy in a common diabetes model and to further characterize associated signaling pathways. Mice were killed 1, 3, or 5 wk after streptozotocin or control. Gene expression of calf muscles was analyzed using microarray and protein signaling with Western blotting. We identified translational repressor protein REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses) that increased seven- to eightfold and was associated with muscle atrophy in diabetes. The diabetes-induced increase in REDD1 was confirmed at the protein level. This result was accompanied by the increased gene expression of DNA damage/repair pathways and decreased expression in ATP production pathways. Concomitantly, increased phosphorylation of AMPK and dephosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K1/FoxO pathway of proteins were observed together with increased protein ubiquitination. These changes were especially evident during the first 3 wk, along with the strong decrease in muscle mass. Diabetes also induced an increase in myostatin protein and decreased MAPK signaling. These, together with decreased serum insulin and increased serum glucose, remained altered throughout the 5-wk period. In conclusion, diabetic myopathy induced by streptozotocin led to alteration of multiple signaling pathways. Of those, increased REDD1 and myostatin together with decreased Akt/mTOR/FoxO signaling are associated with diabetic muscle atrophy. The increased REDD1 and decreased Akt/mTOR/FoxO signaling followed a similar time course and thus may be explained, in part, by increased expression of genes in DNA damage/repair and possibly also decrease in ATP-production pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha J Hulmi
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kivelä R, Henniges U, Sontag-Strohm T, Potthast A. Oxidation of oat β-glucan in aqueous solutions during processing. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:589-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kivelä R, Sontag-Strohm T, Loponen J, Tuomainen P, Nyström L. Oxidative and radical mediated cleavage of β-glucan in thermal treatments. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bry M, Kivelä R, Holopainen T, Anisimov A, Tammela T, Soronen J, Silvola J, Saraste A, Jeltsch M, Korpisalo P, Carmeliet P, Lemström KB, Shibuya M, Ylä-Herttuala S, Alhonen L, Mervaala E, Andersson LC, Knuuti J, Alitalo K. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B acts as a coronary growth factor in transgenic rats without inducing angiogenesis, vascular leak, or inflammation. Circulation 2010; 122:1725-33. [PMID: 20937974 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.957332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and neuropilin-1 and is abundantly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brown fat. The biological function of VEGF-B is incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Unlike placenta growth factor, which binds to the same receptors, adeno-associated viral delivery of VEGF-B to mouse skeletal or heart muscle induced very little angiogenesis, vascular permeability, or inflammation. As previously reported for the VEGF-B(167) isoform, transgenic mice and rats expressing both isoforms of VEGF-B in the myocardium developed cardiac hypertrophy yet maintained systolic function. Deletion of the VEGF receptor-1 tyrosine kinase domain or the arterial endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase inhibited hypertrophy, whereas loss of VEGF-B interaction with neuropilin-1 had no effect. Surprisingly, in rats, the heart-specific VEGF-B transgene induced impressive growth of the epicardial coronary vessels and their branches, with large arteries also seen deep inside the subendocardial myocardium. However, VEGF-B, unlike other VEGF family members, did not induce significant capillary angiogenesis, increased permeability, or inflammatory cell recruitment. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-B appears to be a coronary growth factor in rats but not in mice. The signals for the VEGF-B-induced cardiac hypertrophy are mediated at least in part via the endothelium. Because cardiomyocyte damage in myocardial ischemia begins in the subendocardial myocardium, the VEGF-B-induced increased arterial supply to this area could have therapeutic potential in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Bry
- Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Silvennoinen M, Torvinen S, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ, Kainulainen H. The Role of PDK4 in High Fat Diet - Induced Insulin Resistance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389443.92749.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silvennoinen M, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Vuento M, Kivelä R, Lehti M, Kainulainen H. High Fat Feeding Increases The Capillary Density In The Skeletal Muscle Of Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389381.57310.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kivelä R, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Purhonen T, Ketola T, Pullinen K, Vuento M, Mutanen N, Sartor MA, Reunanen H, Koch LG, Britton SL, Kainulainen H. Gene expression centroids that link with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity and complex disease risk. FASEB J 2010; 24:4565-74. [PMID: 20643908 PMCID: PMC2974413 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-157313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A strong link exists between low aerobic exercise capacity and complex metabolic diseases. To probe this linkage, we utilized rat models of low and high intrinsic aerobic endurance running capacity that differ also in the risk for metabolic syndrome. We investigated in skeletal muscle gene-phenotype relationships that connect aerobic endurance capacity with metabolic disease risk factors. The study compared 12 high capacity runners (HCRs) and 12 low capacity runners (LCRs) from generation 18 of selection that differed by 615% for maximal treadmill endurance running capacity. On average, LCRs were heavier and had increased blood glucose, insulin, and triglycerides compared with HCRs. HCRs were higher for resting metabolic rate, voluntary activity, serum high density lipoproteins, muscle capillarity, and mitochondrial area. Bioinformatic analysis of skeletal muscle gene expression data revealed that many genes up-regulated in HCRs were related to oxidative energy metabolism. Seven mean mRNA expression centroids, including oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, correlated significantly with several exercise capacity and disease risk phenotypes. These expression-phenotype correlations, together with diminished skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial area in LCR rats, support the general hypothesis that an inherited intrinsic aerobic capacity can underlie disease risks.—Kivelä, R., Silvennoinen, M., Lehti, M., Rinnankoski-Tuikka, R., Purhonen, T., Ketola, T., Pullinen, K., Vuento, M., Mutanen, N., Sartor, M. A., Reunanen, H., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., Kainulainen, H. Gene expression centroids that link with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity and complex disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Silvennoinen MM, Rinnankoski‐Tuikka R, Kivelä R, Lehti M, Torvinen S, Vuento M, Kainulainen H. Long lasting high fat feeding increases the capillary density in the skeletal muscle of mice. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.1031.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riikka Kivelä
- Department of Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Sira Torvinen
- Department of Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Meri Vuento
- Department of Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Department of Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Rinnankoski‐Tuikka R, Torvinen S, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Kainulainen H. Increased PDK4 expression via PGC‐1α/ERRα – dependent mechanism in mouse skeletal muscle after high fat feeding. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.987.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sira Torvinen
- Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Maarit Lehti
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health SciencesJyväskyläFinland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Biology of Physical ActivityUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Kivelä R, Nyström L, Salovaara H, Sontag-Strohm T. Role of oxidative cleavage and acid hydrolysis of oat beta-glucan in modelled beverage conditions. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lehti M, Kivelä R, Komi P, Komulainen J, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H. Reply to Murphy and Lamb. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lehti M, Kivelä R, Komi P, Komulainen J, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H. Effects of fatiguing jumping exercise on mRNA expression of titin-complex proteins and calpains. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:1419-24. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90660.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccentric exercise induced by electrostimulation increases mRNA expression of titin-complex proteins in rodent skeletal muscle. In this study, mRNA expression of titin, muscle LIM protein (MLP), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), ankyrin repeat domain protein 2 (Ankrd2), diabetes-related ankyrin repeat protein (DARP), and calcium-activated proteinases, calpains, were investigated in human skeletal muscle after fatiguing jumping exercise. Fatiguing jumping exercise did not change mRNA expression of titin, DARP, calpain 1, or calpain 3. MLP, Ankrd2 and calpain 2 mRNA levels were increased 2 days postexercise. CARP mRNA level was already elevated 30 min and remained elevated 2 days postexercise. Increased mRNA expression of MLP, CARP, and Ankrd2, observed for the first time in human skeletal muscle, may be part of the signaling activated by physical exercise. The rapid increase in the level of CARP mRNA nominates CARP as one of the first genes to respond to exercise. The increase in the mRNA level of calpain 2 suggests its involvement in myofiber remodeling after strenuous jumping exercise.
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Karpanen T, Bry M, Ollila HM, Seppänen-Laakso T, Liimatta E, Leskinen H, Kivelä R, Helkamaa T, Merentie M, Jeltsch M, Paavonen K, Andersson LC, Mervaala E, Hassinen IE, Ylä-Herttuala S, Oresic M, Alitalo K. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-B in mouse heart alters cardiac lipid metabolism and induces myocardial hypertrophy. Circ Res 2008. [PMID: 18757827 DOI: 10.1161/cicresaha] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B is poorly angiogenic but prominently expressed in metabolically highly active tissues, including the heart. We produced mice expressing a cardiac-specific VEGF-B transgene via the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Surprisingly, the hearts of the VEGF-B transgenic mice showed concentric cardiac hypertrophy without significant changes in heart function. The cardiac hypertrophy was attributable to an increased size of the cardiomyocytes. Blood capillary size was increased, whereas the number of blood vessels per cell nucleus remained unchanged. Despite the cardiac hypertrophy, the transgenic mice had lower heart rate and blood pressure than their littermates, and they responded similarly to angiotensin II-induced hypertension, confirming that the hypertrophy does not compromise heart function. Interestingly, the isolated transgenic hearts had less cardiomyocyte damage after ischemia. Significantly increased ceramide and decreased triglyceride levels were found in the transgenic hearts. This was associated with structural changes and eventual lysis of mitochondria, resulting in accumulation of intracellular vacuoles in cardiomyocytes and increased death of the transgenic mice, apparently because of mitochondrial lipotoxicity in the heart. These results suggest that VEGF-B regulates lipid metabolism, an unexpected function for an angiogenic growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Karpanen
- Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Karpanen T, Bry M, Ollila HM, Seppänen-Laakso T, Liimatta E, Leskinen H, Kivelä R, Helkamaa T, Merentie M, Jeltsch M, Paavonen K, Andersson LC, Mervaala E, Hassinen IE, Ylä-Herttuala S, Oresic M, Alitalo K. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-B in mouse heart alters cardiac lipid metabolism and induces myocardial hypertrophy. Circ Res 2008; 103:1018-26. [PMID: 18757827 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.178459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B is poorly angiogenic but prominently expressed in metabolically highly active tissues, including the heart. We produced mice expressing a cardiac-specific VEGF-B transgene via the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Surprisingly, the hearts of the VEGF-B transgenic mice showed concentric cardiac hypertrophy without significant changes in heart function. The cardiac hypertrophy was attributable to an increased size of the cardiomyocytes. Blood capillary size was increased, whereas the number of blood vessels per cell nucleus remained unchanged. Despite the cardiac hypertrophy, the transgenic mice had lower heart rate and blood pressure than their littermates, and they responded similarly to angiotensin II-induced hypertension, confirming that the hypertrophy does not compromise heart function. Interestingly, the isolated transgenic hearts had less cardiomyocyte damage after ischemia. Significantly increased ceramide and decreased triglyceride levels were found in the transgenic hearts. This was associated with structural changes and eventual lysis of mitochondria, resulting in accumulation of intracellular vacuoles in cardiomyocytes and increased death of the transgenic mice, apparently because of mitochondrial lipotoxicity in the heart. These results suggest that VEGF-B regulates lipid metabolism, an unexpected function for an angiogenic growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Karpanen
- Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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