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Rangaiah PKB, Engstrand J, Johansson T, Perez MD, Augustine R. 92 Mb/s Fat-Intrabody Communication (Fat-IBC) With Low-Cost WLAN Hardware. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:89-96. [PMID: 37432837 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3292405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The human subcutaneous fat layer, skin and muscle together act as a waveguide for microwave transmissions and provide a low-loss communication medium for implantable and wearable body area networks (BAN). In this work, fat-intrabody communication (Fat-IBC) as a human body-centric wireless communication link is explored. To reach a target 64 Mb/s inbody communication, wireless LAN in the 2.4 GHz band was tested using low-cost Raspberry Pi single-board computers. The link was characterized using scattering parameters, bit error rate (BER) for different modulation schemes, and IEEE 802.11n wireless communication using inbody (implanted) and onbody (on the skin) antenna combinations. The human body was emulated by phantoms of different lengths. All measurements were done in a shielded chamber to isolate the phantoms from external interference and to suppress unwanted transmission paths. The BER measurements show that, except when using dual on-body antennas with longer phantoms, the Fat-IBC link is very linear and can handle modulations as complex as 512-QAM without any significant degradation of the BER. For all antenna combinations and phantoms lengths, link speeds of 92 Mb/s were achieved using 40 MHz bandwidth provided by the IEEE 802.11n standard in the 2.4 GHz band. This speed is most likely limited by the used radio circuits, not the Fat-IBC link. The results show that Fat-IBC, using low-cost off-the-shelf hardware and established IEEE 802.11 wireless communication, can achieve high-speed data communication within the body. The obtained data rate is among the fastest measured with intrabody communication.
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Abstract
Regeneration of large bone defects is a significant clinical challenge with variable success, but tissue engineering strategies are promising for rapid and effective bone regeneration. Maintaining an adequate oxygen level within implanted scaffolds is a major obstacle in bone tissue engineering. We developed a new oxygen-generating scaffold by electrospinning polycaprolactone with calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanocuboids (CPNCs) and characterized the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the resulting composites. Our scaffolds are highly porous and composed of submicron fibers that include CPNC as confirmed with XRD and FTIR analyses. Scaffolds containing CPNC provided controlled oxygen release for 14-days and supported cell proliferation while protecting preosteoblasts from hypoxia-induced cell death. Oxygen-generating scaffolds also facilitated bone mimetic defect contraction in vitro. The results suggest that our approach can be used to develop tissue-engineered products which target bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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Augustine R, Nikolopoulos VK, Camci-Unal G. Hydrogel-Impregnated Self-Oxygenating Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:854. [PMID: 37508881 PMCID: PMC10376476 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects resulting from trauma, disease, or aging present significant challenges in the clinic. Although biomaterial scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering have shown promising results, challenges remain, including the need for adequate mechanical strength and suitable bioactive agents within scaffolds to promote bone formation. Oxygen is a critical factor for successful bone formation, and low oxygen tension inhibits it. In this study, we developed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-impregnated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds that can release oxygen over 3 weeks. We investigated the potential of composite scaffolds for cell survival in bone-tissue engineering. Our results showed that the addition of an increased amount of CaO2 nanoparticles to the PCL scaffolds significantly increased oxygen generation, which was modulated by GelMA impregnation. Moreover, the resulting scaffolds showed improved cytocompatibility, pre-osteoblast adhesion, and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. This finding is particularly relevant since hypoxia is a prevalent feature in various bone diseases. In addition to providing oxygen, CaO2 nanoparticles also act as reinforcing agents improving the mechanical property of the scaffolds, while the incorporation of GelMA enhances cell adhesion and proliferation properties. Overall, our newly developed self-oxygenating composite biomaterials are promising scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | | | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Meaney P, Augustine R, Welteke A, Pfrommer B, Pearson AM, Brisby H. Transmission-Based Vertebrae Strength Probe Development: Far Field Probe Property Extraction and Integrated Machine Vision Distance Validation Experiments. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:4819. [PMID: 37430734 DOI: 10.3390/s23104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
We are developing a transmission-based probe for point-of-care assessment of vertebrae strength needed for fabricating the instrumentation used in supporting the spinal column during spinal fusion surgery. The device is based on a transmission probe whereby thin coaxial probes are inserted into the small canals through the pedicles and into the vertebrae, and a broad band signal is transmitted from one probe to the other across the bone tissue. Simultaneously, a machine vision scheme has been developed to measure the separation distance between the probe tips while they are inserted into the vertebrae. The latter technique includes a small camera mounted to the handle of one probe and associated fiducials printed on the other. Machine vision techniques make it possible to track the location of the fiducial-based probe tip and compare it to the fixed coordinate location of the camera-based probe tip. The combination of the two methods allows for straightforward calculation of tissue characteristics by exploiting the antenna far field approximation. Validation tests of the two concepts are presented as a precursor to clinical prototype development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Meaney
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Electrical Engineering Department, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Electrical Engineering Department, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Welteke
- Electrical Engineering Department, Helmut Schmidt University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Adam M Pearson
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Helena Brisby
- Orthopedic Department, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nikolopoulos VK, Augustine R, Camci-Unal G. Harnessing the potential of oxygen-generating materials and their utilization in organ-specific delivery of oxygen. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1567-1588. [PMID: 36688522 PMCID: PMC10015602 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of transplantable organs hinders the success of patient treatment through organ transplantation. In addition, there are challenges with immune rejection and the risk of disease transmission when receiving organs from other individuals. Tissue engineering aims to overcome these challenges by generating functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. When developing tissues or organs of a particular shape, structure, and size as determined by the specific needs of the therapeutic intervention, a tissue specific oxygen supply to all parts of the tissue construct is an utmost requirement. Moreover, the lack of a functional vasculature in engineered tissues decreases cell survival upon implantation in the body. Oxygen-generating materials can alleviate this challenge in engineered tissue constructs by providing oxygen in a sustained and controlled manner. Oxygen-generating materials can be incorporated into 3D scaffolds allowing the cells to receive and utilize oxygen efficiently. In this review, we present an overview of the use of oxygen-generating materials in various tissue engineering applications in an organ specific manner as well as their potential use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios K Nikolopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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Augustine R, Gezek M, Seray Bostanci N, Nguyen A, Camci-Unal G. Oxygen-Generating Scaffolds: One Step Closer to the Clinical Translation of Tissue Engineered Products. Chem Eng J 2023; 455:140783. [PMID: 36644784 PMCID: PMC9835968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lack of oxygen supply in engineered constructs has been an ongoing challenge for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Upon implantation of an engineered tissue, spontaneous blood vessel formation does not happen rapidly, therefore, there is typically a limited availability of oxygen in engineered biomaterials. Providing oxygen in large tissue-engineered constructs is a major challenge that hinders the development of clinically relevant engineered tissues. Similarly, maintaining adequate oxygen levels in cell-laden tissue engineered products during transportation and storage is another hurdle. There is an unmet demand for functional scaffolds that could actively produce and deliver oxygen, attainable by incorporating oxygen-generating materials. Recent approaches include encapsulation of oxygen-generating agents such as solid peroxides, liquid peroxides, and fluorinated substances in the scaffolds. Recent approaches to mitigate the adverse effects, as well as achieving a sustained and controlled release of oxygen, are discussed. Importance of oxygen-generating materials in various tissue engineering approaches such as ex vivo tissue engineering, in situ tissue engineering, and bioprinting are highlighted in detail. In addition, the existing challenges, possible solutions, and future strategies that aim to design clinically relevant multifunctional oxygen-generating biomaterials are provided in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Nazli Seray Bostanci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Angelina Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Augustine R, Kalva SN, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Chandran M, Hasan A. Air-jet spun tissue engineering scaffolds incorporated with diamond nanosheets with improved mechanical strength and biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Das S, Mitra D, Chezhian AS, Mandal B, Augustine R. A novel SAR reduction technique for implantable antenna using conformal absorber metasurface. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:924433. [PMID: 36082048 PMCID: PMC9445880 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.924433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a conformal absorber metasurface has been designed and used for reducing the specific absorption rate (SAR) of an implantable antenna. SAR reduction of implantable antennas is one of the significant design aspects to be considered for their use in modern-day healthcare applications. The introduction of the absorber metasurface restricts the back radiation of the antenna to control the SAR value. This technique decreases the maximum SAR value by 24% and also reduces the average SAR distribution significantly without affecting the desired antenna gain. A reduction in SAR value indicates the decrease in radiation absorption by human tissue, and thus, decreases the possibility of health hazards due to EM radiation. Later, this antenna-absorber system is designed as a capsule module for increased mobility and less-invasiveness. The redundancy of invasive surgery increases acceptance of the capsule module designs of implantable antennas and devices for various biomedical usages. In vitro testing of the fabricated prototype has been carried out inside a multi-layer porcine slab to verify the effectiveness of this unique SAR reduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Das
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Arvind S. Chezhian
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bappaditya Mandal
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Bappaditya Mandal
| | - Robin Augustine
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Robin Augustine
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Paul A, Augustine R, Hasan A, Zahid AA, Thomas S, Agatemor C, Ghosal K. Halloysite nanotube and chitosan polymer composites: Physicochemical and drug delivery properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed R, Augustine R, Chaudhry M, Akhtar UA, Zahid AA, Tariq M, Falahati M, Ahmad IS, Hasan A. Nitric oxide-releasing biomaterials for promoting wound healing in impaired diabetic wounds: State of the art and recent trends. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 149:112707. [PMID: 35303565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired diabetic wounds are serious pathophysiological complications associated with persistent microbial infections including failure in the closure of wounds, and the cause of a high frequency of lower limb amputations. The healing of diabetic wounds is attenuated due to the lack of secretion of growth factors, prolonged inflammation, and/or inhibition of angiogenic activity. Diabetic wound healing can be enhanced by supplying nitric oxide (NO) endogenously or exogenously. NO produced inside the cells by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) naturally aids wound healing through its beneficial vasculogenic effects. However, during hyperglycemia, the activity of eNOS is affected, and thus there becomes an utmost need for the topical supply of NO from exogenous sources. Thus, NO-donors that can release NO are loaded into wound healing patches or wound coverage matrices to treat diabetic wounds. The burst release of NO from its donors is prevented by encapsulating them in polymeric hydrogels or nanoparticles for supplying NO for an extended duration of time to the diabetic wounds. In this article, we review the etiology of diabetic wounds, wound healing strategies, and the role of NO in the wound healing process. We further discuss the challenges faced in translating NO-donors as a clinically viable nanomedicine strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds with a focus on the use of biomaterials for the encapsulation and in vivo controlled delivery of NO-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Chaudhry
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, OX1 2JD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usman A Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irfan S Ahmad
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Rangaiah PKB, Mandal B, Avetisyan E, Chezhian AS, Augustine B, Perez MD, Augustine R. Preliminary Analysis of Burn Degree Using Non-invasive Microwave Spiral Resonator Sensor for Clinical Applications. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:859498. [PMID: 35479303 PMCID: PMC9037089 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.859498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The European “Senseburn” project aims to develop a smart, portable, non-invasive microwave early effective diagnostic tool to assess the depth(d) and degree of burn. The objective of the work is to design and develop a convenient non-invasive microwave sensor for the analysis of the burn degree on burnt human skin. The flexible and biocompatible microwave sensor is developed using a magnetically coupled loop probe with a spiral resonator (SR). The sensor is realized with precise knowledge of the lumped element characteristics (resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) RLC parameters). The estimated electrical equivalent circuit technique relies on a rigorous method enabling a comprehensive characterization of the sensor (loop probe and SR). The microwave resonator sensor with high quality factor (Q) is simulated using a CST studio suite, AWR microwave office, and fabricated on the RO 3003 substrate with a standard thickness of 0.13 mm. The sensor is prepared based on the change in dielectric property variation in the burnt skin. The sensor can detect a range of permittivity variations (εr 3–38). The sensor is showing a good response in changing resonance frequency between 1.5 and 1.71 GHz for (εr 3 to 38). The sensor is encapsulated with PDMS for the biocompatible property. The dimension of the sensor element is length (L) = 39 mm, width (W) = 34 mm, and thickness (T) = 1.4 mm. The software algorithm is prepared to automate the process of burn analysis. The proposed electromagnetic (EM) resonator based sensor provides a non-invasive technique to assess burn degree by monitoring the changes in resonance frequency. Most of the results are based on numerical simulation. We propose the unique circuit set up and the sensor device based on the information generated from the simulation in this article. The clinical validation of the sensor will be in our future work, where we will understand closely the practical functioning of the sensor based on burn degrees. The senseburn system is designed to support doctors to gather vital info of the injuries wirelessly and hence provide efficient treatment for burn victims, thus saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. B. Rangaiah
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bappaditya Mandal
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Avetisyan
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind Selvan Chezhian
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bobins Augustine
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Computer Systems, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala Networked Objects (UNO), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mauricio David Perez
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Robin Augustine
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Meaney P, Geimer SD, diFlorio-Alexander RM, Augustine R, Raynolds T. Open-Ended Transmission Coaxial Probes for Sarcopenia Assessment. Sensors 2022; 22:s22030748. [PMID: 35161494 PMCID: PMC8840338 DOI: 10.3390/s22030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a handheld, side-by-side transmission-based probe for interrogating tissue to diagnose sarcopenia—a condition largely characterized by muscle loss and replacement by fat. While commercial microwave reflection-based probes exist, they can only be used in a lab for a variety of applications. The penetration depth of these probes is only in the order of 0.3 mm, which does not even traverse the skin layer, and minor motion of the coaxial feedlines can completely dismantle the calibration. Our device builds primarily on the transmission-based concept that allows for substantially greater signal penetration depth operating over a very broad bandwidth. Additional features were integrated to further improve the penetration, optimize the geometry for a more focused planar excitation, and juxtapose the coaxial apertures for more controlled interrogation. The larger coaxial apertures further increased the penetration depth while retaining the broadband performance. Three-dimensional printing technology made it possible for the apertures to be compressed into ellipses for interrogation in a near-planar geometry. Finally, fixed side-by-side positioning provided repeatable and reliable performance. The probes were also not susceptible to multipath signal corruption due to the close proximity of the transmitting and receiving apertures. The new concept worked from 100 MHz to over 8 GHz and could sense property changes as deep as 2–3 cm. While the signal changes due to deeper feature aberrations were more subtle than for signals emanating from the skin and subcutaneous fat layers, the large property contrast between muscle and fat is a sarcopenic indication that helps to distinguish even the deepest objects. This device has the potential to provide needed specificity information about the relevant underlying tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Meaney
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.D.G.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shireen D. Geimer
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.D.G.); (T.R.)
| | - Roberta M. diFlorio-Alexander
- Geissel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Timothy Raynolds
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.D.G.); (T.R.)
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Augustine R, S A, Nayeem A, Salam SA, Augustine P, Dan P, Maureira P, Mraiche F, Gentile C, Hansbro PM, McClements L, Hasan A. Increased complications of COVID-19 in people with cardiovascular disease: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109738. [PMID: 34740598 PMCID: PMC8563522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a dramatic negative impact on public health and economies worldwide. Recent studies on COVID-19 complications and mortality rates suggest that there is a higher prevalence in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients. Past investigations on the associations between pre-existing CVDs and susceptibility to coronavirus infections including SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have demonstrated similar results. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This has impeded adequate risk stratification and treatment strategies for CVD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Generally, dysregulation of the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the counter regulator, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a hallmark of cardiovascular risk and CVD. ACE2 is the main host receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Although further studies are required, dysfunction of ACE2 after virus binding and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling may worsen the outcomes of people affected by COVID-19 and with preexisting CVD. Here, we review the current knowledge and outline the gaps related to the relationship between CVD and COVID-19 with a focus on the RAAS. Improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral entry and the role of RAAS may direct future research with the potential to improve the prevention and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abhilash S
- Department of Microbiology, Majlis Arts and Science College, Puramannur, Malappuram, Kerala, 676552, India
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheen Abdul Salam
- Department of Biosciences, MES College Marampally, Aluva, Ernakulam, 683107, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Augustine
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Joshy KS, Augustine R, Hasan A, Ali Zahid A, Alex SM, Dalvi YB, Mraiche F, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Chi H. Cisplatin encapsulated nanoparticles from polymer blends for anti-cancer drug delivery. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of cubic nanostructure for cisplatin encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Joshy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Yogesh B. Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689 101, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam – 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam – 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Ahmed R, Augustine R, Valera E, Ganguli A, Mesaeli N, Ahmad IS, Bashir R, Hasan A. Spatial mapping of cancer tissues by OMICS technologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188663. [PMID: 34861353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spatial mapping of heterogeneity in gene expression in cancer tissues can improve our understanding of cancers and help in the rapid detection of cancers with high accuracy and reliability. Significant advancements have been made in recent years in OMICS technologies, which possess the strong potential to be applied in the spatial mapping of biopsy tissue samples and their molecular profiling to a single-cell level. The clinical application of OMICS technologies in spatial profiling of cancer tissues is also advancing. The current review presents recent advancements and prospects of applying OMICS technologies to the spatial mapping of various analytes in cancer tissues. We benchmark the current state of the art in the field to advance existing OMICS technologies for high throughput spatial profiling. The factors taken into consideration include spatial resolution, types of biomolecules, number of different biomolecules that can be detected from the same assay, labeled versus label-free approaches, and approximate time required for each assay. Further advancements are still needed for the widespread application of OMICs technologies in performing fast and high throughput spatial mapping of cancer tissues as well as their effective use in research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Enrique Valera
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anurup Ganguli
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nasrin Mesaeli
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Irfan S Ahmad
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Ye L, Peng Z, Ye Q, Wang L, Augustine R, Perez M, Liu Y, Liu M, Tang H, Rao M, Li G, Jiang T. Toward environmentally friendly direct reduced iron production: A novel route of comprehensive utilization of blast furnace dust and electric arc furnace dust. Waste Manag 2021; 135:389-396. [PMID: 34610538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) powders based on microwave-assisted self-reduction of core-shell composite pellets composed of blast furnace (BF) dust and hazardous electric arc furnace (EAF) dust followed by magnetic separation was reported. The proper core-shell structure of the composite pellets was designed according to the rule of impedance matching and properties of BF dust and EAF dust by adjusting the thickness of shell (i.e., thickness of impedance matching layer) via controlling the C/O molar ratio of the raw materials from 0.55 to 0.70. The results showed that the EAF dust with high content of CaO was beneficial to the mechanical strength of green, dried, and metallized pellets (collected after reduction), while the BF dust with high content of carbon enabled sufficient microwave-assisted reduction of the pellets, facilitating subsequent magnetic separation and also the removal of zinc from EAF dust. By reduction of the core-shell BF dust-EAF dust composite pellets with the C/O molar ratio of 0.65 at 1050 °C for 15 min, the resulting metallized pellets showed superior reduction and magnetic separation indexes with higher removal percentages of zinc and lead, in comparison with conventional metallized pellets. The DRI powders obtained after magnetic separation had total iron content of 91.2 wt%, iron metallization degree of 95.8%, yield of 68.1%, and iron recovery of 88.0%. This study provided a good example for efficient and environmentally friendly comprehensive utilization of typical and hazardous wastes in the iron and steel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Liancheng Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Mauricio Perez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Yong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Mudan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Huimin Tang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Mingjun Rao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Zahid AA, Augustine R, Dalvi YB, Reshma K, Ahmed R, Raza Ur Rehman S, Marei HE, Alfkey R, Hasan A. Development of nitric oxide releasing visible light crosslinked gelatin methacrylate hydrogel for rapid closure of diabetic wounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111747. [PMID: 34044276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of non-healing and slow to heal diabetic wounds is a major concern in healthcare across the world. Numerous techniques have been investigated to solve the issue of delayed wound healing, though, mostly unable to promote complete healing of diabetic wounds due to the lack of proper cell proliferation, poor cell-cell communication, and higher chances of wound infections. These challenges can be minimized by using hydrogel based wound healing patches loaded with bioactive agents. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) has been proven to be a highly cell friendly, cell adhesive, and inexpensive biopolymer for various tissue engineering and wound healing applications. In this study, S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was incorporated in a highly porous GelMA hydrogel patch to improve cell proliferation, facilitate rapid cell migration, and enhance diabetic wound healing. We adopted a visible light crosslinking method to fabricate this highly porous biodegradable but relatively stable patch. Developed patches were characterized for morphology, NO release, cell proliferation and migration, and diabetic wound healing in a rat model. The obtained results indicate that SNAP loaded visible light crosslinked GelMA hydrogel patches can be highly effective in promoting diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Yogesh B Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Tiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India
| | - K Reshma
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Tiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India; Department of Biotechnology St. Peter's College Kolenchery, Ernakulam 682311, Kerala, India
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Syed Raza Ur Rehman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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18
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Augustine R, Mamun AA, Hasan A, Salam SA, Chandrasekaran R, Ahmed R, Thakor AS. Imaging cancer cells with nanostructures: Prospects of nanotechnology driven non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102457. [PMID: 34144344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanostructured materials in medicine is a rapidly evolving area of research that includes both the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Metals, metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials have shown much promise in medical technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties. The nanoscale properties, especially the size, shape, surface chemistry and stability makes them highly desirable for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancers. Major applications of nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis include in vivo bioimaging and molecular marker detection, mainly as image contrast agents using modalities such as radio, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. When a suitable targeting ligand is attached on the nanomaterial surface, it can help pinpoint the disease site during imaging. The application of nanostructured materials in cancer diagnosis can help in the early detection, treatment and patient follow-up . This review aims to gather and present the information regarding the application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis. We also discuss the challenges and prospects regarding the application of nanomaterials as cancer diagnostic tools.
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Augustine R, Aqel AH, Kalva SN, Joshy KS, Nayeem A, Hasan A. Bioengineered microfluidic blood-brain barrier models in oncology research. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101087. [PMID: 33865030 PMCID: PMC8066424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major reason for most brain tumors with up to a 50% chance of occurrence in patients with other types of malignancies. Brain metastasis occurs if cancer cells succeed to cross the 'blood-brain barrier' (BBB). Moreover, changes in the structure and function of BBB can lead to the onset and progression of diseases including neurological disorders and brain-metastases. Generating BBB models with structural and functional features of intact BBB is highly important to better understand the molecular mechanism of such ailments and finding novel therapeutic agents targeting them. Hence, researchers are developing novel in vitro BBB platforms that can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of BBB. Brain endothelial cells-based in vitro BBB models have thus been developed to investigate the mechanism of brain metastasis through BBB and facilitate the testing of brain targeted anticancer drugs. Bioengineered constructs integrated with microfluidic platforms are vital tools for recapitulating the features of BBB in vitro closely as possible. In this review, we outline the fundamentals of BBB biology, recent developments in the microfluidic BBB platforms, and provide a concise discussion of diverse types of bioengineered BBB models with an emphasis on the application of them in brain metastasis and cancer research in general. We also provide insights into the challenges and prospects of the current bioengineered microfluidic platforms in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad H Aqel
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sumama Nuthana Kalva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - K S Joshy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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Kommata V, Elshafie M, Sciaraffia E, Perez M, Augustine R, Blomström-Lundqvist C. QRS dispersion detected in ARVC patients and healthy gene carriers using 252-leads body surface mapping: an explorative study of a potential diagnostic tool for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 44:1355-1364. [PMID: 34109638 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of ARVC remains complex requiring both imaging and electrocardiographic (ECG) techniques. The purpose was therefore to investigate whether QRS dispersion assessed by body surface mapping (BSM) could be used to detect early signs of ARVC, particularly in gene carriers. METHODS ARVC patients, gene carriers without a history of arrhythmias or structural cardiac changes and healthy controls underwent 12-lead resting ECG, signal-averaged ECG, echocardiographic examination, 24-hours Holter monitoring, and BSM with electrocardiographic imaging. All 252-leads BSM recordings and 12-leads ECG recordings were manually analyzed for QRS durations and QRS dispersion. RESULTS Eight controls, 12 ARVC patients with definite ARVC and 20 healthy gene carriers were included. The ECG-QRS dispersion was significantly greater in ARVC patients (42 vs. 25 ms, p < .05), but failed to fully differentiate them from controls. The BSM-derived QRS dispersion was also significantly greater in ARVC patients versus controls (65 vs. 29 ms, p < .05) and distinguished 11/12 cases from controls using the cut-off 40msec. The BSM derived QRS dispersion was abnormal (> 40 ms) in 4/20 healthy gene carriers without signs of ARVC, which may indicate early depolarization changes. CONCLUSIONS QRS dispersion, when assessed by BSM versus 12-lead ECG, seem to better distinguish ARVC patients from controls, and could potentially be used to detect early ARVC in gene carriers. Further studies are required to confirm the value of BSM-QRS dispersion in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Kommata
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marwa Elshafie
- Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Sciaraffia
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mauricio Perez
- Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Solid State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ghosal K, Augustine R, Zaszczynska A, Barman M, Jain A, Hasan A, Kalarikkal N, Sajkiewicz P, Thomas S. Novel drug delivery systems based on triaxial electrospinning based nanofibers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gkorila A, Wehbe J, Neal-Smith G, Augustine R, Duncan J, Aktselis I. 785 Ankle Fractures Management in Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Ankle fractures treatment aims to restore joint stability and alignment to achieve full functional recovery. Current quality of care in Stoke Mandeville Hospital was compared to the gold-standard management approach as described in BOAST-12 guidelines.
Method
This closed loop audit looked at closed malleolar and syndesmotic ankle injuries in skeletally mature patients under Trauma and Orthopaedics. In the first audit cycle, 16 patients were included over a one-month period and 53 cases, with similar management, were identified over a three-month period for the second audit cycle.
Results
The initial audit cycle revealed that the main aspects of management that required improvement were the timing of reduction and splinting, as well as the documentation of neurovascular status post-reduction.
We discussed our findings at the clinical governance meeting and interventional posters were distributed around the hospital.
Documentation of the timing of reduction and splinting significantly increased from 6% to 85% post-interventions, and neurovascular examination post-reduction improved from 17% to 43%. All other quality assessment criteria recorded more than 90% documentation rates after implementation of changes.
Conclusions
Quality of care significantly improved post-interventions, which indicates that BOAST-12 gold-standard is achievable. The introduction of a proforma was suggested to further facilitate appropriate documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gkorila
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - J Wehbe
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - G Neal-Smith
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - R Augustine
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - J Duncan
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - I Aktselis
- Trauma & Orthopaedics Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
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Augustine R, Kalva SN, Ahmad R, Zahid AA, Hasan S, Nayeem A, McClements L, Hasan A. 3D Bioprinted cancer models: Revolutionizing personalized cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101015. [PMID: 33493799 PMCID: PMC7823217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter-patient variations in anti-cancer drug responses further limit the success of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, personalized medicines approach is key for this patient group involving molecular and genetic screening and appropriate stratification of patients to treatment regimen that they will respond to. However, the knowledge related to adequate risk stratification methods identifying patients who will respond to specific anti-cancer agents is still lacking in many cancer types. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, have been extensively used to generate representative bioengineered tumor in vitro models, which recapitulate the human tumor tissues and microenvironment for high-throughput drug screening. Bioprinting process involves the precise deposition of multiple layers of different cell types in combination with biomaterials capable of generating 3D bioengineered tissues based on a computer-aided design. Bioprinted cancer models containing patient-derived cancer and stromal cells together with genetic material, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, represent a promising approach for personalized cancer therapy screening. Both natural and synthetic biopolymers have been utilized to support the proliferation of cells and biological material within the personalized tumor models/implants. These models can provide a physiologically pertinent cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by mimicking the 3D heterogeneity of real tumors. Here, we reviewed the potential applications of 3D bioprinted tumor constructs as personalized in vitro models in anticancer drug screening and in the establishment of precision treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sumama Nuthana Kalva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Shajia Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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Augustine R, Dan P, Hasan A, Khalaf IM, Prasad P, Ghosal K, Gentile C, McClements L, Maureira P. Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111425. [PMID: 33756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells and growth factors are emerging as highly promising for cardiac repair and regeneration. The use of stem cells within cardiac microengineered tissue constructs present an inherent ability to differentiate into cell types of the human heart. Stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord can be used for this purpose. Approaches ranging from stem cell injections, stem cell spheroids, cell encapsulation in a suitable hydrogel, use of prefabricated scaffold and bioprinting technology are at the forefront in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. The stem cell microenvironment plays a key role in the maintenance of stemness and/or differentiation into cardiac specific lineages. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in microengineering of autologous stem cell-based tissue engineering platforms for the repair of damaged cardiac tissue. A particular emphasis is given to the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the physiological response of stem cells within cardiac tissue engineering platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Parvathy Prasad
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France
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Ahmed U, Ahmed R, Masoud MS, Tariq M, Ashfaq UA, Augustine R, Hasan A. Stem cells based in vitro models: trends and prospects in biomaterials cytotoxicity studies. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:042003. [PMID: 33686970 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe6d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced biomaterials are increasingly used for numerous medical applications from the delivery of cancer-targeted therapeutics to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The issues of foreign body reactions induced by biomaterials must be controlled for preventing treatment failure. Therefore, it is important to assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of biomaterials on cell culture systems before proceeding to in vivo studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials. Direct use of biomaterials on animals create technical challenges and ethical issues and therefore, the use of non-animal models such as stem cell cultures could be useful for determination of their safety. However, failure to recapitulate the complex in vivo microenvironment have largely restricted stem cell cultures for testing the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Nevertheless, properties of stem cells such as their self-renewal and ability to differentiate into various cell lineages make them an ideal candidate for in vitro screening studies. Furthermore, the application of stem cells in biomaterials screening studies may overcome the challenges associated with the inability to develop a complex heterogeneous tissue using primary cells. Currently, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are being used as in vitro preliminary biomaterials testing models with demonstrated advantages over mature primary cell or cell line based in vitro models. This review discusses the status and future directions of in vitro stem cell-based cultures and their derivatives such as spheroids and organoids for the screening of their safety before their application to animal models and human in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000 Punjab, Pakistan
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Augustine R, Zahid AA, Mraiche F, Alam K, Al Moustafa AE, Hasan A. Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel based in vitro blood-brain barrier model for studying breast cancer-associated brain metastasis. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:490-500. [PMID: 33416013 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1872624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of brain metastasis. Metastasis to the brain occurs if cancer cells manage to traverse the 'blood-brain barrier' (BBB), which is a barrier with a very tight junction (TJ) of endothelial cells between blood circulation and brain tissue. It is highly important to develop novel in vitro BBB models to investigate breast cancer metastasis to the brain to facilitate the screening of chemotherapeutic agents against it. We herein report the development of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) modified transwell insert based BBB model composed of endothelial and astrocyte cell layers for testing the efficacy of anti-metastatic agents against breast cancer metastasis to the brain. We characterized the developed model for the morphology and in vitro breast cancer cell migration. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, on the migration of metastatic breast cancer cells using the model. Our results showed that breast cancer cells migrate across the developed BBB model. Cisplatin treatment inhibited the migration of cancer cells across the model. Findings of this study suggest that our BBB model can be used as a suitable tool to investigate breast cancer-associated brain metastasis and to identify suitable therapeutic agents against this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khurshid Alam
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Augustine R, Hasan A, Dalvi YB, Rehman SRU, Varghese R, Unni RN, Yalcin HC, Alfkey R, Thomas S, Al Moustafa AE. Growth factor loaded in situ photocrosslinkable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/gelatin methacryloyl hybrid patch for diabetic wound healing. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2021; 118:111519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Augustine R, Ur Rehman SR, K S J, Hasan A. Stromal cell-derived factor loaded co-electrospun hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent membranes for wound protection and healing. RSC Adv 2020; 11:572-583. [PMID: 35423060 PMCID: PMC8691117 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04997b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are one of the key concerns for people with diabetes, frequently leading to infections and non-healing ulcers, and finally resulting in the amputation of limbs/organs. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) is a major chemokine that plays a significant role in tissue repair, vascularization, and wound healing. However, the long-term sustained delivery of SDF1 in a chronic wound environment is a great challenge. In order to facilitate the sustained release of SDF1 in diabetic wounds, it could be incorporated into wound-healing patches. Herein, we report the fabrication of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent fiber-based membrane, where SDF1 was encapsulated inside hydrophilic fibers, and its applicability in wound healing. A co-electrospinning technique was employed for the fabrication of polymeric membranes where PVA and PCL form the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, respectively. Morphological analysis of the developed membranes was conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength of the membranes was investigated via uniaxial tensile testing. The water uptake capacity of the membranes was also determined to understand the hydrophilicity and exudate uptake capacity of the membranes. To understand the proliferation, viability, and migration of skin-specific cells in the presence of SDF1-loaded membranes, in vitro cell culture experiments were carried out using fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. The results showed the excellent porous morphology of the developed membranes with distinguishable differences in fiber diameters for the PVA and PCL fibers. The developed membranes possessed enough mechanical strength for use as wound-healing membranes. The co-electrospun membranes showed good exudate uptake capacity. The controlled and extended delivery of SDF1 from the developed membranes was observed over a prolonged period. The SDF1-loaded membranes showed enhanced cell proliferation, cell viability, and cell migration. These biocompatible and biodegradable SDF1-loaded bicomponent membranes with excellent exudate uptake capacity, and cell proliferation and cell migration properties can be exploited as a novel wound-dressing membrane aimed at chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Syed Raza Ur Rehman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Joshy K S
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University - 2713 Doha Qatar
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Augustine R, Zahid AA, Hasan A, Dalvi YB, Jacob J. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle-Loaded Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Wound-Healing Patch with Free Radical Scavenging Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:279-290. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Yogesh Bharat Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India
| | - Jessiya Jacob
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India
- School of Biosciences, Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies (MACFAST), Tiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India
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Kommata V, Elshafie M, Perez M, Augustine R, Blomstrom-Lundquist C. QRS dispersion using 252-leads Body Surface Mapping (BSM) – an explorative study of a novel diagnostic tool for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of ARVC is complex and challenging requiring multiple investigational tools, most of which include the demonstration of depolarization/conduction abnormalities, described in recent HRS consensus documents 2019. A simple and user friendly diagnostic tool is warranted.
Purpose
The purpose of our study was therefore to explore whether the analysis of QRS dispersion obtained from 252-leads recorded by a Body Surface Mapping (BSM) system can be used to identify ARVC patients as compared to the traditional ECG criteria including QRS dispersion measured by conventional 12 lead surface ECG.
Methods
12 definite ARVC patients (10/12 with known pathogenic mutation) (Group 1) and 8 healthy family members tested negative for the family mutation served as controls (Group 0), were included. All patients underwent 12-lead ECG (50mm/sec), Signal-averaged ECG for late potentials and 252 lead BSM recordings. The QRS duration was measured in each of the 12 ECG leads manually with digital caliper. The QRS duration from the BSM leads were manually analyzed in Matlab by two observers unaware of the diagnosis. For each lead, the mean value of three randomly chosen beats was calculated. The QRS dispersion was calculated as the difference between the minimum and maximum value for both the 12 lead ECG and the BSM recordings.
Results
The mean age was 49,6 and 38,8 years in ARVC patients and controls, respectively. The number of males in the two groups were 8/12 and 5/8, respectively. Epsilon waves and Terminal Activation Duration (TAD) >55msec were detected in 6/12 and 8/12 ARVC patients, respectively, but in no controls. Late potentials were detected in 11/12 ARVC patients and in 2 controls. The QRS duration and QTc duration was not statistically different in the two Groups.
The ECG-QRS dispersion was significantly more pronounced in Group 1 (42 ms ± 15, range 20–70 ms) than in Group 0 (26 ms ± 8, range 16–36 ms) (p=0.013). The BSM-QRS dispersion was significantly longer in Group 1 (68 ms ± 17, range 29–90ms) than in Group 0 (30 ms ± 7, range 22–41ms) (p=0.001). Only one ARVC patient had a BSM-QRS dispersion <50 msec, whereas none of the controls had a QRS dispersion over 50 msec (Fig. 1).
Conclusion
BSM-QRS dispersion, specifically using the cut off <50 ms, can potentially be a more sensitive and specific method than other ECG related techniques for diagnosing ARVC patients versus non-ARVC patients. Larger patient cohorts and further studies are required to confirm our findings.
Figure 1. ECG and BSM-QRS dispersion
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Selanders Stiftelse
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kommata
- Uppsala University, Departments of Cardiology and Medical Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M.I Elshafie
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Perez
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Augustine
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kommata V, Elshafie M, Perez M, Augustine R, Blomstrom-Lundquist C. The repolarization pattern of ARVC patients, healthy gene carriers and controls as analyzed with a 252-leads Body Surface Mapping Vest. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Repolarization abnormalities have a central role on the diagnosis of ARVC according to recent HRS consensus document from 2019 stating that T wave inversion in the right precordial leads is a major criteria if it appears in V1-V3 or a minor criteria if it appears in only V1-V2.
Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate whether repolarization patterns as recorded by a Body Surface Mapping (BSM) system consisting of a vest with 252 ECG leads, could differentiate ARVC patients and even gene carriers from normal individuals. Our hypothesis is that the method can potentially identify repolarization disturbances earlier or better than conventional 12-lead ECG.
Method
12 definite ARVC patients, 20 healthy gene carriers and 8 family members who tested negative for the family mutation (controls) were included. All patients underwent 12-lead ECG, including right precordial leads (V4R) and BSM recordings. Repolarization (T-wave polarity and concordance with QRS complex vector) was analyzed qualitatively in all BSM recordings, the results of which were displayed on a color code map (fig.1).
Results
The mean age was 49.6, 43.6 and 38.8 years in ARVC patients, healthy gene carriers and controls, respectively. The number of males in the three groups were 8/12, 8/20 and 5/8, respectively.
All 8 controls had similar repolarization patterns with negative and concordant T waves on the right back panel, and T waves that successively changed from negative concordant (green) to positive disconcordant (red) and finally positive concordant (blue) on the left front panel (pattern 1). All 12 ARVC patients had different repolarization patterns as compared to the controls. Two of these patients had no apparent repolarization changes on conventional 12 lead ECG. The pattern type 2 repolarization, as defined by same pattern as the controls at the right back panel but different pattern at the front left panel was seen in 3/12 ARVC patients. The remaining 9 ARVC patients had different repolarization patterns both on the front and on the back panel (pattern 3). Among gene carriers, 15 had a normal repolarization pattern (pattern 1) and 5 demonstrated an abnormal repolarization pattern (4 had pattern type 2 and one pattern 3) despite normal surface ECG.
Conclusions
Using BSM recordings, abnormal repolarization patterns can be detected in all ARVC patients, even in those without repolarization changes on conventional surface ECG. The observation that 25% of gene carriers had divergent repolarization patterns, may indicate an early stage of the disease, and be used as an early diagnostic marker of the disease. Further and larger studies are warranted to confirm these observations.
Repolarisation patterns recorded by BSM
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Selanders Stiftelse
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kommata
- Uppsala University, Departments of Cardiology and Medical Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M.I Elshafie
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Perez
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Augustine
- Uppsala University, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
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Augustine R, Das S, Hasan A, S A, Abdul Salam S, Augustine P, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Primavera R, Yassine HM, Thakor AS, Kevadiya BD. Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3372. [PMID: 33096742 PMCID: PMC7589650 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic demands rapid and simplified testing tools for its effective management. Increased mass testing and surveillance are crucial for controlling the disease spread, obtaining better pandemic statistics, and developing realistic epidemiological models. Despite the advantages of nucleic acid- and antigen-based tests such as accuracy, specificity, and non-invasive approaches of sample collection, they can only detect active infections. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are produced by the host immune system within a few days after infection and persist in the blood for at least several weeks after infection resolution. Antibody-based tests have provided a substitute and effective method of ultra-rapid detection for multiple contagious disease outbreaks in the past, including viral diseases such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome). Thus, although not highly suitable for early diagnosis, antibody-based methods can be utilized to detect past infections hidden in the population, including asymptomatic ones. In an active community spread scenario of a disease that can provide a bigger window for mass detections and a practical approach for continuous surveillance. These factors encouraged researchers to investigate means of improving antibody-based rapid tests and employ them as reliable, reproducible, sensitive, specific, and economic tools for COVID-19 mass testing and surveillance. The development and integration of such immunoglobulin-based tests can transform the pandemic diagnosis by moving the same out of the clinics and laboratories into community testing sites and homes. This review discusses the principle, technology, and strategies being used in antibody-based testing at present. It also underlines the immense prospect of immunoglobulin-based testing and the efficacy of repeated planned deployment in pandemic management and post-pandemic sustainable screenings globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Abhilash S
- Department of Microbiology, Majlis Arts and Science College, Puramannur, Malappuram, Kerala 676552, India;
| | - Shaheen Abdul Salam
- Department of Biosciences, MES College Marampally, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala 683107, India;
| | - Priya Augustine
- Department of Zoology, Providence Women’s College, Kozhikode, Kerala 673009, India;
| | - Yogesh Bharat Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101, India; (Y.B.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101, India; (Y.B.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.P.); (A.S.T.); (B.D.K.)
| | | | - Avnesh S. Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.P.); (A.S.T.); (B.D.K.)
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.P.); (A.S.T.); (B.D.K.)
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Augustine R, Hasan A, Das S, Ahmed R, Mori Y, Notomi T, Kevadiya BD, S. Thakor A. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Rapid, Sensitive, Specific, and Cost-Effective Point-of-Care Test for Coronaviruses in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E182. [PMID: 32707972 PMCID: PMC7464797 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rampant spread of COVID-19 and the worldwide prevalence of infected cases demand a rapid, simple, and cost-effective Point of Care Test (PoCT) for the accurate diagnosis of this pandemic. The most common molecular tests approved by regulatory bodies across the world for COVID-19 diagnosis are based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). While PCR-based tests are highly sensitive, specific, and remarkably reliable, they have many limitations ranging from the requirement of sophisticated laboratories, need of skilled personnel, use of complex protocol, long wait times for results, and an overall high cost per test. These limitations have inspired researchers to search for alternative diagnostic methods that are fast, economical, and executable in low-resource laboratory settings. The discovery of Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) has provided a reliable substitute platform for the accurate detection of low copy number nucleic acids in the diagnosis of several viral diseases, including epidemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). At present, a cocktail of LAMP assay reagents along with reverse transcriptase enzyme (Reverse Transcription LAMP, RT-LAMP) can be a robust solution for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis for COVID-19, particularly in developing, and low-income countries. In summary, the development of RT-LAMP based diagnostic tools in a paper/strip format or the integration of this method into a microfluidic platform such as a Lab-on-a-chip may revolutionize the concept of PoCT for COVID-19 diagnosis. This review discusses the principle, technology and past research underpinning the success for using this method for diagnosing MERS and SARS, in addition to ongoing research, and the prominent prospect of RT-LAMP in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Yasuyoshi Mori
- Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Division, Taito-ku 110-8408, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Tsugunori Notomi
- Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Division, Taito-ku 110-8408, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (B.D.K.); (A.S.T.)
| | - Avnesh S. Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (B.D.K.); (A.S.T.)
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Ur Rehman SR, Augustine R, Zahid AA, Ahmed R, Hasan A. Graphene Oxide Loaded Hydrogel for Enhanced Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:3943-3946. [PMID: 31946735 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound or slow healing of a wound is one of the serious complications in diabetic patients. The decrease in the proliferation and migration of cells such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts is the major reason for the development of such chronic wounds in a diabetic patient. Therefore, designing a wound dressing patch using a biodegradable hydrogel, which can provide a sustained release/delivery of active agents that can support cell proliferation and cell migration, will be highly beneficial for promoting diabetic wound healing. Multiple evidences from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide promote wound healing by promoting migration and proliferation of keratinocyte cells. In addition, GO possesses angiogenic property. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) based hydrogels display excellent hydrophilic properties due to the presence of hydrophilic amino, amido, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in the polymer chains, which gives them highly porous, soft and flexible structure. In this work, we report the development of hydrogel dressing incorporated with GO to improve wound healing by increasing the proliferation and migration of cells.
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Zahid AA, Ahmed R, Ur Rehman SR, Augustine R, Hasan A. Reactive Nitrogen Species Releasing Hydrogel for Enhanced Wound Healing. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:3939-3942. [PMID: 31946734 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poor proliferation and migration of fibroblast, keratinocyte and endothelial cells delays the wound healing in diabetic patients and results into chronicity of wounds. Slow or decreased formation of blood vessels is another issue that increases the chronicity of non-healing wounds. These chronic wounds turn into an ulcer that may lead to limb amputation. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a potential agent for accelerating cell migration and proliferation to enhance wound healing. It increases the expression of necessary angiogenic growth factors which stimulates the proliferation and migration of major cell types involved in wound repair. Here we report the synthesis of chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) to enhance the wound healing activities in chronic wounds. A three-fold increase in the proliferation of 3T3 cells was observed with NO-releasing CS-PVA hydrogels. In vitro cell migration assay demonstrated a four-fold faster migration of cells to the scratched area compared to the control group. The results depict that the use of CS-PVA hydrogel impregnated with the NO donor (SNAP) can be a promising material for promoting cell migration and subsequent accelerated healing of the chronic wounds in burns and diabetic patients.
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Augustine R, Hasan A. Emerging applications of biocompatible phytosynthesized metal/metal oxide nanoparticles in healthcare. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Alhussain H, Augustine R, Hussein EA, Gupta I, Hasan A, Al Moustafa AE, Elzatahry A. MXene Nanosheets May Induce Toxic Effect on the Early Stage of Embryogenesis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2020; 16:364-372. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MXene (Ti3C2Tx), as a novel 2D material, has produced a great interest due to its promising properties in biomedical applications, nevertheless, there is a lack of studies dedicated to investigate the possible toxic effect of MXene in embryos.
Herein, we aim to scrutinize the potential toxicity of MXene nanosheets on the early stage of the embryo as well as angiogenesis. Avian embryos at 3 and 5 days of incubation were used as an experimental model in this investigation. Our findings reveal that MXene may produce adverse effect
on the early stage of embryogenesis as ∼46% of MXene-exposed embryos died during 1–5 days after exposure. We also found that MXene at tested concentration inhibits angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane of the embryo after 5 days of incubation. More significantly, RT-PCR analysis
of seven genes, which are key regulators of cell proliferation, survival, cell death and angiogenesis, revealed that these genes were deregulated in brain, heart and liver tissues from MXene-treated embryos in comparison with their matched controls. Our study clearly suggests that MXene at
studied concentration might induce a toxic effect on the early stage of embryogenesis; nevertheless, more investigations are necessary to understand the effect at low concentrations and elucidate its mechanism at the early stage of normal development.
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Perez MD, Jeong SH, Raman S, Nowinski D, Wu Z, Redzwan SMS, Velander J, Peng Z, Hjort K, Augustine R. Head-compliant microstrip split ring resonator for non-invasive healing monitoring after craniosynostosis-based surgery. Healthc Technol Lett 2020; 7:29-34. [PMID: 32190338 PMCID: PMC7067054 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A soft and highly directive, proximity-coupled split-ring resonator fabricated with a liquid alloy, copper and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. The same was designed for sensing osteogenesis of calvarial bone. As dielectric properties of bone grafts in ossifying calvarial defects should change during the osteogenesis process, devices like this could monitor the gradual transformation of the defect into bone by differentiating changes in the dielectric properties as shifts in the resonance frequency. Computational Software Technology (CST) Microwave Studio®-based simulation results on computational head models were in good agreement with laboratory results on head phantom models, which also included the comparison with an in-vivo measurement on the human head. A discussion based on an inductive reasoning regarding dynamics’ considerations is provided as well. Since the skin elasticity of newborn children is high, stretching and crumpling could be significant. In addition, due to typical head curvatures in newborn children, bending should not be a significant issue, and can provide higher energy focus in the defect area and improve conformability. The present concept could support the development of soft, cheap and portable follow-up monitoring systems to use in outpatient hospital and home care settings for post-operative monitoring of bone healing after reconstructive surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio David Perez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Seung Hee Jeong
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sujith Raman
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Daniel Nowinski
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing and Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Syaiful M S Redzwan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob Velander
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Klas Hjort
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Augustine R, Alhussain H, Hasan A, Badie Ahmed M, C Yalcin H, Al Moustafa AE. A novel in ovo model to study cancer metastasis using chicken embryos and GFP expressing cancer cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:140-148. [PMID: 31336058 PMCID: PMC7029200 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To date, several in vitro methodologies have been developed to understand the mechanisms of cancer metastasis and to screen various therapeutic agents against it. Nevertheless, mimicking an in vivo microenvironment in vitro is not possible; while in vivo experiments are complex, expensive and bound with several regulatory requirements. Herein, we report a novel in ovo model that relies on chicken embryo to investigate cancer cell invasion and metastasis to various organs of the body. In this model, we directly injected green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing cancer cells to the heart of chicken embryo at 3 days of incubation, then monitored cell migration to various organs. To this end, we used a simple tissue processing technique to achieve rapid imaging and quantification of invasive cells. We were able to clearly observe the migration of GFP expressing cancer cells into various organs of chicken embryo. Organ specific variation in cell migration was also observed. Our new slide pressing based tissue processing technique improved the detectability of migrated cells. We herein demonstrate that the use of GFP expressing cancer cells allows easy detection and quantification of migrated cancer cells in the chicken embryo model, which minimizes the time and effort required in this types of studies compared to conventional histopathological analysis. In conclusion, our investigation provides a new cancer metastasis model that can be further improved to include more complex aspects, such as the use of multiple cell lines and anti-metastatic agents, thus opening new horizons in cancer biology and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hashim Alhussain
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mohamed Badie Ahmed
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Ye Q, Li G, Peng Z, Augustine R, Pérez MD, Liu Y, Liu M, Rao M, Zhang Y, Jiang T. Microwave-assisted self-reduction of EAF dust-biochar composite briquettes for production of direct reduced iron. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Augustine R, Zahid AA, Wang M, Webster TJ, Hasan A. Growth factor releasing core-shell polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1066-1069. [PMID: 31946078 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, biomaterials and appropriate signals to repair or improve the functions of damaged tissues. Our group is exploiting various approaches to effectively encapsulate multiple growth factors in polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering and wound healing applications. In this report, some of the exciting results from our most recent and ongoing projects are outlined with a focus on the use of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). CTGF is a secreted protein with major roles in angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and tissue repair. CTGF can play a major role in tissue regeneration by enhancing cell proliferation and promoting cell migration. CTGF was incorporated to electrospun polymeric fibers to provide sustained release. Experimental results demonstrated the ability of scaffolds incorporated with CTGF to promote cell proliferation and cell migration. This study shows the application potential of the developed scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications.
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Joshy KS, Augustine R, Mayeen A, Alex SM, Hasan A, Thomas S, Chi H. NiFe2O4/poly(ethylene glycol)/lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for anti-cancer drug delivery. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the fabrication of hybrid nanoparticles consisting of nickel ferrite (NFO) for anti cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Joshy
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- China
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Anshida Mayeen
- Department of Physics
- Thangal Kunju Musliar College of Engineering
- Kollam – 691005
- India
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam – 686 560
- India
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- China
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Rehman SRU, Augustine R, Zahid AA, Ahmed R, Tariq M, Hasan A. Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated GelMA Hydrogel Promotes Angiogenesis For Wound Healing Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9603-9617. [PMID: 31824154 PMCID: PMC6901121 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-healing or slow healing chronic wounds are among serious complications of diabetes that eventually result in amputation of limbs and increased morbidities and mortalities. Chronic diabetic wounds show reduced blood vessel formation (lack of angiogenesis), inadequate cell proliferation and poor cell migration near wounds. In this paper, we report the development of a hydrogel-based novel wound dressing material loaded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to promote cell proliferation, cell migration and angiogenesis for wound healing applications. METHODS Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) based hydrogels loaded with different concentrations of rGO were fabricated by UV crosslinking. Morphological and physical characterizations (porosity, degradation, and swelling) of rGO incorporated GelMA hydrogel was performed. In vitro cell proliferation, cell viability and cell migration potential of the hydrogels were analyzed by MTT assay, live/dead staining, and wound healing scratch assay respectively. Finally, in vivo chicken embryo angiogenesis (CEO) testing was performed to evaluate the angiogenic potential of the prepared hydrogel. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the developed hydrogel possessed enough porosity and exudate-absorbing capacity. The biocompatibility of prepared hydrogel on three different cell lines (3T3 fibroblasts, EA.hy926 endothelial cells, and HaCaT keratinocytes) was confirmed by in vitro cell culture studies (live/dead assay). The GelMA hydrogel containing 0.002% w/w rGO considerably increased the proliferation and migration of cells as evident from MTT assay and wound healing scratch assay. Furthermore, rGO impregnated GelMA hydrogel significantly enhanced the angiogenesis in the chick embryo model. CONCLUSION The positive effect of 0.002% w/w rGO impregnated GelMA hydrogels on angiogenesis, cell migration and cell proliferation suggests that these formulations could be used as a functional wound healing material for the healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza ur Rehman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
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Augustine R, Zahid AA, Hasan A, Wang M, Webster TJ. CTGF Loaded Electrospun Dual Porous Core-Shell Membrane For Diabetic Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8573-8588. [PMID: 31802870 PMCID: PMC6827515 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s224047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impairment of wound healing is a major issue in type-2 diabetes that often causes chronic infections, eventually leading to limb and/or organ amputation. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a signaling molecule with several roles in tissue repair and regeneration including promoting cell adhesion, cell migration, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Incorporation of CTGF in a biodegradable core-shell fiber to facilitate its sustained release is a novel approach to promote angiogenesis, cell migration and facilitate wound healing. In this paper, we report the development of CTGF encapsulated electrospun dual porous PLA-PVA core-shell fiber based membranes for diabetic wound healing applications. METHODS The membranes were fabricated by a core-shell electrospinning technique. CTGF was entrapped within the PVA core which was coated by a thin layer of PLA. The developed membranes were characterized by techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. In vitro cell culture studies using fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells were performed to understand the effect of CTGF loaded membranes on cell proliferation, cell viability and cell migration. A chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was performed to determine the angiogenic potential of the membranes. RESULTS Results showed that the developed membranes were highly porous in morphology with secondary pore formation on the surface of individual fibers. In vitro cell culture studies demonstrated that CTGF loaded core-shell membranes improved cell viability, cell proliferation and cell migration. A sustained release of CTGF from the core-shell fibers was observed for an extended time period. Moreover, the CAM assay showed that core-shell membranes incorporated with CTGF can enhance angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Owing to the excellent cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic potential of CTGF loaded core-shell PLA-PVA fibrous membranes, they can be used as an excellent wound dressing membrane for treating diabetic wounds and other chronic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
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Augustine A, Augustine R, Hasan A, Raghuveeran V, Rouxel D, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Development of titanium dioxide nanowire incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:96. [PMID: 31414231 PMCID: PMC6694083 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Critical size bone defects that do not heal spontaneously are among the major reasons for the disability in majority of people with locomotor disabilities. Tissue engineering has become a promising approach for repairing such large tissue injuries including critical size bone defects. Three-dimension (3D) porous scaffolds based on piezoelectric polymers like poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) have received a lot of attention in bone tissue engineering due to their favorable osteogenic properties. Owing to the favourable redox properties, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have gained a great deal of attention in bone tissue engineering. In this paper, tissue engineering scaffolds based on P(VDF-TrFE) loaded with TiO2 nanowires (TNW) were developed and evaluated for bone tissue engineering. Wet-chemical method was used for the synthesis of TNW. Obtained TNW were thoroughly characterized for the physicochemical and morphological properties using techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrospinning was used to produce TNW incorporated P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds. Developed scaffolds were characterized by state of art techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. TEM analysis revealed that the obtained TiO2 nanostructures possess nanofibrous morphology with an average diameter of 26 ± 4 nm. Results of characterization of nanocomposite scaffolds confirmed the effective loading of TNW in P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. Fabricated P(VDF-TrFE)/TNW scaffolds possessed good mechanical strength and cytocompatibility. Osteoblast like cells showed higher adhesion and proliferation on the nanocomposite scaffolds. This investigation revealed that the developed P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds containing TNW can be used as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Augustine
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Kurialacherry College for Women, Amalagiri, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varun Raghuveeran
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, 673016, India
| | - Didier Rouxel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
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Augustine R, Hasan A, Patan NK, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Antony A, Unni RN, Sandhyarani N, Moustafa AEA. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Incorporated Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Membranes for Diabetic Wound Healing Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:58-70. [PMID: 33463234 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis are among the major causes for nonhealing of chronic diabetic wounds. Incorporation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) in wound dressings can be a promising approach to promote angiogenesis and healing of diabetic wounds. In this paper, we report the development of a novel nCeO2 containing electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) membrane for diabetic wound healing applications. In vitro cell adhesion studies, chicken embryo angiogenesis assay, and in vivo diabetic wound healing studies were performed to assess the cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing potential of the developed membranes. The experimental results showed that nCeO2 containing PHBV membranes can promote cell proliferation and cell adhesion when used as wound dressings. For less than 1% w/w of nCeO2 content, human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) were adhered parallel to the individual fibers of PHBV. For higher than 1% w/w of nCeO2 content, cells started to flatten and spread over the fibers. In ovo angiogenic assay showed the ability of nCeO2 incorporated PHBV membranes to enhance blood vessel formation. In vivo wound healing study in diabetic rats confirmed the wound healing potential of nCeO2 incorporated PHBV membranes. The study suggests that nCeO2 incorporated PHBV membranes have strong potential to be used as wound dressings to enhance cell proliferation and vascularization and promote the healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar
| | - Noorunnisa Khanam Patan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar
| | - Yogesh B Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla, Kerala-689101, India
| | - Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla, Kerala-689101, India
| | - Aloy Antony
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research, Tiruvalla, Kerala-689101, India
| | | | - Neelakandapillai Sandhyarani
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala-673601, India
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha-2713, Qatar
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Augustine R, Hasan A, Patan NK, Augustine A, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Unni RN, Kalarikkal N, Al Moustafa AE, Thomas S. Titanium Nanorods Loaded PCL Meshes with Enhanced Blood Vessel Formation and Cell Migration for Wound Dressing Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900058. [PMID: 31183959 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proper management of nonhealing wounds is an imperative clinical challenge. For the effective healing of chronic wounds, suitable wound coverage materials with the capability to accelerate cell migration, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing are required to protect the healing wound bed. Biodegradable polymeric meshes are utilized as effective wound coverage materials to protect the wounds from the external environment and prevent infections. Among them, electrospun biopolymeric meshes have got much attention due to their extracellular matrix mimicking morphology, ability to support cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Herein, electrospun nanocomposite meshes based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and titanium dioxide nanorods (TNR) are developed. TNR incorporated PCL meshes are fabricated by electrospinning technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In vitro cell culture studies, in ovo angiogenesis assay, in vivo implantation study, and in vivo wound healing study are performed. Interestingly, obtained in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the presence of TNR in the PCL meshes greatly improved the cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Owing to the above superior properties, they can be used as excellent biomaterials in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noorunnisa Khanam Patan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anitha Augustine
- International & Inter University Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.,Department of Chemistry, Bishop Kurialacherry College for Women, Amalagiri, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Yogesh B Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, 689101, India
| | - Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, 689101, India
| | | | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International & Inter University Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International & Inter University Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
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Augustine R, Dalvi YB, Yadu Nath VK, Varghese R, Raghuveeran V, Hasan A, Thomas S, Sandhyarani N. Yttrium oxide nanoparticle loaded scaffolds with enhanced cell adhesion and vascularization for tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 103:109801. [PMID: 31349469 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In situ tissue engineering is emerging as a novel approach in tissue engineering to repair damaged tissues by boosting the natural ability of the body to heal itself. This can be achieved by providing suitable signals and scaffolds that can augment cell migration, cell adhesion on the scaffolds and proliferation of endogenous cells that facilitate the repair. Lack of appropriate cell proliferation and angiogenesis are among the major issues associated with the limited success of in situ tissue engineering during in vivo studies. Exploitation of metal oxide nanoparticles such as yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles may open new horizons in in situ tissue engineering by providing cues that facilitate cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the scaffolds. In this context, Y2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated in polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds to enhance the cell proliferation and angiogenic properties. An optimum amount of Y2O3-containing scaffolds (1% w/w) promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts (L-929) and osteoblast-like cells (UMR-106). Results of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and the subcutaneous implantation studies in rats demonstrated the angiogenic potential of the scaffolds loaded with Y2O3 nanoparticles. Gene expression study demonstrated that the presence of Y2O3 in the scaffolds can upregulate the expression of cell proliferation and angiogenesis related biomolecules such as VEGF and EGFR. Obtained results demonstrated that Y2O3 nanoparticles can perform a vital role in tissue engineering scaffolds to promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yogesh B Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689 101, India
| | - V K Yadu Nath
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India
| | - Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689 101, India
| | - Varun Raghuveeran
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala 673016, India; Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala 673 601, India
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India
| | - Neelakandapillai Sandhyarani
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala 673 601, India
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Augustine R, Prasad P, Khalaf IMN. Therapeutic angiogenesis: From conventional approaches to recent nanotechnology-based interventions. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2019; 97:994-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Augustine R, Dan P, Schlachet I, Rouxel D, Menu P, Sosnik A. Chitosan ascorbate hydrogel improves water uptake capacity and cell adhesion of electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) membranes. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:420-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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