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Effect of combined use of supplementary irrigation, manure and P fertilization on grain yield and profitability of soybean in northern Nigeria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28749. [PMID: 38586393 PMCID: PMC10998218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Declining soil fertility particularly phosphorus deficiency, low organic carbon, moisture stress and high cost of input are factors limiting soybean yield in the Nigeria savanna. Supplementary irrigation, nutrient application and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium could increase the grain yield of soybean. We evaluated the effects of Rhizobia inoculant, phosphorus fertilization, manure, and supplementary irrigation on the nodulation and productivity of a tropical soybean variety in two locations in northern Nigeria in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of five input bundles: Supplementary irrigation +17.5 kg P ha-1 + 4 t ha-1 poultry manure + nodumax inoculant (S + P + M + I); 17.5 kg P ha-1 + 4 t ha-1 poultry manure + nodumax inoculant (P + M + I); 17.5 kg P ha-1 + nodumax inoculant (P + I); 17.5 kg PP ha-1 (P); and nodumax inoculant (I). Economic analysis was done to determine the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for each input bundle. In Kano, the input bundle S + P + M + I produced mean number of nodules that were 38, 102, 200 and 352% higher than that of input bundles P + M + I, P + I, P and I, respectively. At Lere, the application of input bundle S + P + M + I increased mean number of nodules by 33, 81, 93 and 182% over that of input bundles P + M + I, P + I, P and I, respectively. Mean grain yield in Kano was greater for input bundle S + P + M + I over P + M + I, P + I, P and I bundles by 31, 50, 64 and 223%, respectively. In Lere, grain yield for input bundle S + P + M + I was higher than that of input bundles P + M + I, P + I, P and I only, by 27, 47, 41 and 184% respectively. The input bundle P + M + I produced the highest BCR (1.4) in Kano and application only of P produced the highest BCR (1.3) in Lere. Supplementary irrigation was not found to be profitable due to the high cost of supplementary irrigation.The application of P with or without manure/inoculant is recommeded for profitable soybean production in the savannas of Nigeria.
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Cardiomyopathy Associated with Systemic Disease: The Case of a 31-Year-Old Female with Left Ventricular Thickening. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Evaluation and application of the CROPGRO-soybean model for determining optimum sowing windows of soybean in the Nigeria savannas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6747. [PMID: 35468980 PMCID: PMC9038740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean production is limited by poor soil fertility and unstable rainfall due to climate variability in the Nigeria savannas. There is a decline in the amount and duration of rainfall as one moves from the south to north of the savanna zones. The use of adapted soybean varieties and optimum sowing windows are avenues to increase productivity in the face of climate variability. Crop simulation models can be used as tools for the evaluation of alternative management options for a particular location, including fertilizer application rates, plant density, sowing dates and land use. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Soybean to determine optimum sowing windows for three contrasting soybean varieties (TGX1835-10E, TGX1904-6F and TGX1951-3F) cultivated in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated using data from ten field experiments conducted under optimal conditions at two sites (BUK and Dambatta) in Kano in the Sudan savanna (SS) agro-ecology over four growing seasons. Data for model evaluation were obtained from independent experiment for phosphorus (P) response trials conducted under rainfed conditions in two locations (Zaria and Doguwa) in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) zone. The model calibration and evaluation results indicated good agreement between the simulated and observed values for the measured parameters. This suggests that the CROPGRO-Soybean model was able to accurately predict the performance of soybean in the Nigeria savannas. Results from long-term seasonal analysis showed significant differences among the agro-ecologies, sowing windows and the soybean varieties for grain yield. Higher yields are simulated among the soybean varieties in Zaria in the NGS than in Kano the SS and Jagiri in the southern Guinea savanna (SGS) agro-ecological zones. Sowing from June 1 to July 5 produced optimal yield of TGX1951-3F and TGX1835-10E beyond which yield declined in Kano. In Zaria and Jagiri the simulated results show that, sowing from June 1 to July 12 are appropriate for all the varieties. The variety TGX1951-3F performed better than TGX1904-6F and TGX1835-10E in all the agro-ecologies. The TGX1951-3F is, therefore, recommended for optimum grain yield in the savannas of northern Nigeria. However, the late maturing variety TGX1904-6F is not recommended for the SS due to the short growing season in this zone.
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Protozoa populations are ecosystem engineers that shape prokaryotic community structure and function of the rumen microbial ecosystem. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1187-1197. [PMID: 34887549 PMCID: PMC8941083 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular eukaryotes are an integral part of many microbial ecosystems where they interact with their surrounding prokaryotic community-either as predators or as mutualists. Within the rumen, one of the most complex host-associated microbial habitats, ciliate protozoa represent the main micro-eukaryotes, accounting for up to 50% of the microbial biomass. Nonetheless, the extent of the ecological effect of protozoa on the microbial community and on the rumen metabolic output remains largely understudied. To assess the role of protozoa on the rumen ecosystem, we established an in-vitro system in which distinct protozoa sub-communities were introduced to the native rumen prokaryotic community. We show that the different protozoa communities exert a strong and differential impact on the composition of the prokaryotic community, as well as its function including methane production. Furthermore, the presence of protozoa increases prokaryotic diversity with a differential effect on specific bacterial populations such as Gammaproteobacteria, Prevotella and Treponema. Our results suggest that protozoa contribute to the maintenance of prokaryotic diversity in the rumen possibly by mitigating the effect of competitive exclusion between bacterial taxa. Our findings put forward the rumen protozoa populations as potentially important ecosystem engineers for future microbiome modulation strategies.
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Rumen protozoa: from background actors to featured role in microbiome research. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:45-49. [PMID: 33108831 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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A GIS - based method for assessment and mapping of noise pollution in Ota metropolis, Nigeria. MethodsX 2019; 6:447-457. [PMID: 30899680 PMCID: PMC6412028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed method used for assessing and mapping noise pollution levels in Ota metropolis, Nigeria using ArcGIS 10.5 Software is presented in this paper. Noise readings were measured at a time interval of 30 min for each site considered using a precision grade sound level meter. The noise map developed was based on the computed values of average equivalent noise (LAeq) for the selected locations. Results of this study show that the A weighted sound level (LAeq), the background noise level (L10) and the peak noise level (L90) vary with location and period of the day due to traffic characteristics especially traffic volume, vehicle horns, vehicle mounted speakers, and unmuffled vehicles at road Junctions, major roads, motor parks and commercial centres. Based on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recommendations and standards, only one (1) out of the 41 locations considered is under normally acceptable situation, while 12 locations are under normally unacceptable and the noise levels of the rest locations are clearly unacceptable. Results of this study are useful as reference and guideline for future planning and regulations on noise limit to be implemented for urban areas like Ota Metropolis. •Instrumentation used in this study for the environmental noise measurements consisted of a precision-grade sound-level meter - Model 8922 RS232.•The Geographical Positioning System (GPS) device (model: Magellan eXplorist 310) was used to obtain the exact coordinates of each location where noise level readings were recorded.•ArcGIS 10.5 software was used in this study to develop noise map for Ota Metropolis.
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Development of Spermatogenesis In Vitro in Three-Dimensional Culture from Spermatogonial Cells of Busulfan-Treated Immature Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123804. [PMID: 30501072 PMCID: PMC6321353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive chemotherapy may lead to permanent male infertility. Prepubertal males do not generate sperm, but their testes do contain spermatogonial cells (SPGCs) that could be used for fertility preservation. In the present study, we examined the effect of busulfan (BU) on the SPGCs of immature mice, and the possible induction of the survivor SPGCs to develop spermatogenesis in 3D in-vitro culture. Immature mice were injected with BU, and after 0.5⁻12 weeks, their testes were weighed and evaluated histologically compared to the control mice. The spermatogonial cells [Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) and VASA (a member of the DEAD box protein family) in the testicular tissue were counted/seminiferous tubule (ST). The cells from the STs were enzymatically isolated and cultured in vitro. Our results showed a significant decrease in the testicular weight of the BU-treated mice compared to the control. This was in parallel to a significant increase in the number of severely damaged STs, and a decrease in the number of SALL4 and VASA/STs compared to the control. The cultures of the isolated cells from the STs of the BU-treated mice showed a development of colonies and meiotic and post-meiotic cells after four weeks of culture. The addition of homogenates from adult GFP mice to those cultures induced the development of sperm-like cells after four weeks of culture. This is the first study demonstrating the presence of biologically active spermatogonial cells in the testicular tissue of BU-treated immature mice, and their capacity to develop sperm-like cells in vitro.
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ISQUA17-1692NO SECTOR LEFT BEHIND: ADVANCING MENTAL HEALTH QUALITY IN ONTARIO, CANADA. Int J Qual Health Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx125.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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DESIGNING “SERIOUS” GAMES FOR OLDER ADULTS: A COGNITIVE TRAINING CASE STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Oxidative stress biomarkers in West African Dwarf goats reared under intensive and semi-intensive production systems. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of ensiling pomegranate pulp with solid additives on chemical composition, intake and digestibility by sheep. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Composition, preservation and digestibility by sheep of wet by-products from the food industry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Acute Normal Tissue Toxicities for 148 Combined Therapy Prostate Carcinoma Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fresh dairy manure as a substitute for chemical fertilization in growing wheat forage; effects on soil properties, forage yield and composition, weed contamination, and hay intake and digestibility by sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to examine the case for and challenges to implementing random breath testing (RBT) in Canada, with a particular focus on the persistence of impaired driving under the current method of law enforcement. It seeks to place RBT within Canada's existing legal and social framework. METHODS This article reviews Canada's impaired driving record, charge and conviction rates, and law enforcement challenges. It then summarizes the impact that RBT programs have had in comparable countries. Finally, it examines whether the enactment of RBT would be upheld under Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. RESULTS Canada has made little progress in reducing impaired driving since the late 1990s. Current enforcement methods fail to detect the majority of impaired drivers, even when stopped at sobriety checkpoints. This has reduced the perceived risk of apprehension and helps to explain the persistence of impaired driving in Canada. Faced with similar challenges, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and most EU countries have introduced comprehensive RBT programs. Comprehensive RBT has been shown to significantly reduce impaired driving deaths and injuries. Proposals to enact RBT in Canada will inevitably generate claims that it violates drivers' Charter rights. Similar arguments have been raised in opposition to RBT in other countries. This article demonstrates that RBT is compatible with the existing Charter case law involving traffic legislation and border, airline, and courtroom security. CONCLUSION Experience in other countries indicates that RBT is a minimally intrusive, cost-effective, and publicly accepted impaired driving countermeasure and that it would significantly improve the detection and deterrence of impaired drivers. Moreover, RBT is compatible with the Charter.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor: a possible mediator of endothelial activation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Minerva Anestesiol 2010; 76:609-16. [PMID: 20661201 DOI: pmid/20661201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and endothelial factor, which is abundantly found in the normal lung tissue. The objective of the study was to assess the VEGF levels in lung tissue and plasma in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients compared with controls who died from non-ARDS causes. METHODS Plasma and tissue samples were prospectively collected from 20 patients with ARDS within 6 hours after intubation (VEGF in plasma and tissue samples) and on the day of extubation (plasma VEGF) or postmortem (lung tissue). We used an ELISA to measure the VEGF level in plasma. Lung specimens were obtained by bronchoscopic biopsy or by open biopsy during autopsy. All lung samples were stained for standard histopathological analysis and for immunohistochemical methods. Biomarker levels were compared between survivors (N=12), non-survivors (N=8) and controls (N=10). RESULTS Compared with the levels in controls, in the early stages of ARDS, plasma VEGF levels rose and intrapulmonary levels fell, but during recovery, these levels went back to normal levels. CONCLUSION The initial phase of ARDS is associated with a decrease in VEGF in the lung and an increase in the plasma. This down-regulation may represent a protective mechanism aimed at limiting endothelial permeability and may participate in the decrease in the capillary number that is observed during early ARDS. A persistent elevation of plasma VEGF over time predicts poor outcome.
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Effects of feeding cows in early lactation with soy hulls as partial forage replacement on heat production, retained energy and performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of cooling dry cows under heat load conditions on mammary gland enzymatic activity, intake of food and water, and performance during the dry period and after parturition. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of feeding cows in early lactation with diets differing in roughage-neutral detergent fiber content on intake behavior, rumination, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:3364-73. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Feeding soyhulls to high-yielding dairy cows increased milk production, but not milking frequency, in an automatic milking system. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:2317-25. [PMID: 19389990 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To attract a cow into an automatic milking system (AMS), a certain amount of concentrate pellets is provided while the cow is being milked. If the milking frequency in an AMS is increased, the intake of concentrate pellets might increase accordingly. Replacing conventional starchy pellets with nonstarchy pellets increased milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein and decreased body weight. The hypothesis was that a nonroughage by-product rich in digestible neutral detergent fiber, such as soyhulls and gluten feed, could replace starchy grain in pellets fed in an AMS. Sixty cows were paired by age, milk yield, and days in milk, and were fed a basic mixture ad libitum [16.2 +/- 0.35 (mean +/- SE) kg of dry matter intake/d per cow] plus a pelleted additive (6 to 14 kg of dry matter/d per cow) that was consumed in the AMS and in a concentrate self-feeder, which could only be entered after passing through the AMS. The 2 feeding regimens differed only in the composition of the pelleted additives: the control group contained 52.9% starchy grain, whereas the experimental group contained 25% starchy grain, plus soyhulls and gluten feed as replacement for part of the grain. Wheat bran in the control ration, a source of fiber with low digestibility, was replaced with more digestible soyhulls and gluten. During the first 60 d in milk, a cow received 10 to 12 kg of concentrate pellets. After 60 DIM, concentrate feed was allocated by milk production: < or =25 kg/d of milk entitled a cow to 2 kg/d of concentrate feed; >25 kg/d of milk entitled a cow to receive 1 kg/d of additional concentrate feed per 5 kg/d of additional milk production, and >60 kg/d of milk entitled a cow to receive 9 kg of concentrate. The concentrate feed was split between the AMS and concentrate self-feeder. The 2 diets resulted in similar frequencies of voluntary milking (3.12 +/- 0.03 to 2.65 +/- 0.03 visits/d per cow vs. 3.16 +/- 0.00 to 2.60 +/- 0.01 visits/d per cow). Average milk yields were higher in the experimental group (42.7 +/- 0.76 to 39.09 +/- 0.33 kg/d per cow vs. 39.69 +/- 0.68 to 37.54 +/- 0.40 kg/d per cow) and percentages of milk protein (3.02 +/- 0.06 to 3.12 +/- 0.05% vs. 3.07 +/- 0.04 to 3.20 +/- 0.04%) and milk fat (3.42 +/- 0.17 to 3.44 +/- 0.08% vs. 3.38 +/- 0.13 to 3.55 +/- 0.06%) were similar in the 2 groups. The results suggest that the proposed pellets high in digestible neutral detergent fiber can be allocated via the AMS to selected high-yielding cows without a negative effect on appetite, milk yield, or milk composition while maintaining a high milking frequency.
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Abstract
Wheat silages are the major roughage for high-producing lactating dairy cows in Israel; therefore, their quality is important. The main objective of the current study was to determine the preservation status and nutritional quality of commercial wheat silages in Israel. An additional objective was to develop predictive equations for dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) based on chemical composition of the silages, which would permit estimation of the digestibility from chemical composition. A total of 143 commercial wheat silages were sampled and analyzed for 3 yr. Fourteen random samples that were not included in the regression analysis were used to validate the equations by the bias and error of the model. Results revealed that wheat silages were quite sensitive to aerobic exposure; additives resulted in some improvement of the aerobic stability. After choosing the significant terms from ash, crude protein (CP), NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) by PROC STEPWISE of SAS, the following prediction equations were obtained from all 143 samples: DMD = 86.3 + (0. 70 x CP) - (0.46 x ADF) - (1.67 x ADL); and NDFD = 20.3 + (1.00 x CP) + (1.16 x NDF) - (0.88 x ADF) - (2.25 x ADL). The bias and the error of the prediction model for DMD were approximately 0.006 and 0.065, respectively; the bias and error for NDFD were approximately 0.007 and 0.118, respectively. It was concluded that the prediction model for DMD was quite adequate, whereas that for NDFD was less acceptable.
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Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in lung tissue during acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4083940 DOI: 10.1186/cc7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Heat production, eating behavior and milk yield of lactating cows fed two rations differing in roughage content and digestibility under heat load conditions. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Predictors of variceal bleed among patients with liver cirrhosis in the era of sclerotherapy. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:239-242. [PMID: 18363007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variceal bleed is a common complication of portal hypertension. The bleed pattern has changed considerably with the introduction of variceal band ligation. The bleed pattern in developing countries where sclerotherapy continues to remain a viable option is not known. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of first and subsequent bleed in individuals with liver cirrhosis. METHODS 205 subjects with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension registered in the liver clinic between January and June 2004, were followed-up for 18 months after registration. Bleeders already on pharmacotherapy or endotherapy were excluded. Patient details included age, gender, duration of illness, aetiology, Child-Pugh-Turcotte score and grades of oesophageal varices, details of index and subsequent variceal bleed, and complications during follow-up. Logistic regression multivariate analysis was applied to predict the factors influencing variceal bleed. RESULTS There were 95 variceal bleeders and 110 non-bleeders. Age at presentation and gender did not predict a variceal bleed. Grades III and IV oesophageal varices and fundal varices were the significant risk factors for an index bleed (p-value is 0.001). 27 of the 95 bleeders (28.3 percent) had a second bleed after a mean interval of 8 (+/- 7.7) months. Predictors of rebleed were similar to the index bleed. Predictors of index bleed were also similar to those who had bled for the first time after registration. Overall bleed-related mortality was low (2.1 percent). CONCLUSION Higher grades of varices, presence of cherry-red spots and fundal varices predicted variceal bleed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Variceal bleed-related mortality was low in the era of sclerotherapy.
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Abstract
The pathophysiologic mechanisms of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) have been reviewed by Persson and Tepel. They focus on the renal response to contrast media (CM). In this section, we focus on the CM itself. Aspects of importance with regard to CIN include the route of administration, the volume of CM, the manner of X-ray attenuation, and the specific chemical structure of the CM.
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Feeding of Pellets Rich in Digestible Neutral Detergent Fiber to Lactating Cows in an Automatic Milking System. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:3241-9. [PMID: 16840642 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
If the milking frequency in an automatic milking system (AMS) is increased, the intake of concentrated pellets in the robot may be raised accordingly. Consumption of a large quantity of starchy grains within a short time can impair the appetite, decrease voluntary visits to the milking stall, and lower intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Therefore, the hypothesis to be tested in this study was whether conventional starchy pellets fed in the AMS could be replaced with pellets rich in digestible NDF without impairing the cows' motivation to visit a milking stall voluntarily. Fifty-four cows were paired according to age, milk yield, and days in milk, and were fed a basic mixture along the feeding lane (19.9 kg of DM/cow per d), plus a pelleted additive (approximately 5.4 kg of DM/cow per d) that they obtained in the milking stall and in the concentrate self-feeder that they could enter only after passing through the milking stall. The 2 feeding regimens differed only in the composition of the pelleted additive, which, for the control group, contained 49% starchy grain, and for the experimental group contained 25% starchy grain plus soy hulls and gluten feed as replacement for part of the grain and other low-digestible, NDF-rich feeds. Both diets resulted in similar rates of voluntary milkings (3.31 vs. 3.39 visits/cow per d). Average yields of milk and percentages of milk protein were also similar in the 2 groups. The results suggest that an alternative pellet composition can be allocated in the AMS in conjunction with basic mixture in the feeding lane, without any negative effect on appetite, milk yield, milk composition, or milking frequency of the cows. It also opens the opportunity to increase yields of milk and milk solids by increasing the amount of pelleted concentrates that can be allocated to selected high-yielding cows via the AMS, because this can be done while maintaining a high frequency of voluntary milkings.
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Abstract
In this chapter, we review the approach to following the patient after contrast is administered. We first discuss the clinical importance of renal injury for if there were no clinically significant consequences of this renal injury, we would have far less concern for the adequacy of follow-up. We next look at markers of renal injury and what tests are used in clinical practice to define contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Finally, we discuss the steps that should be taken in those who do develop CIN to limit the impact of the injury and protect them from future adverse events.
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How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and manage risk patients: Practical recommendations. Kidney Int 2006:S51-3. [PMID: 16612402 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Digestibility in Lactating Cows of Diets Containing Whole Pima Treated with Sodium Hydroxide Versus Akala or Pima Cottonseed. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:1745-51. [PMID: 15829667 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effect of NaOH treatment on the nutritive value of Pima cottonseed for lactating cows. Treatment of Pima cottonseed with NaOH increased the extent of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber in vitro digestibility. Three groups of cows were fed 3 similar total mixed rations (TMR) differing only in the type of cottonseed fed, either whole linted Akala, whole unlinted Pima, or whole Pima treated with 4% NaOH (T-Pima). Dry matter and organic matter (OM) intakes of Akala and Pima TMR were similar and tended to be lower compared with cows fed T-Pima. This was reflected in similar intake of crude protein and lipids by cows fed the 3 TMR. Digestibility of DM, OM, and crude protein were similar in cows fed Pima and T-Pima diets, and slightly higher in cows fed the Akala TMR. Lipid digestibility was highest in cows fed Akala TMR, whereas cellulose and NDF digestibility were lowest in Pima TMR. In the 3 TMR, there was a large gap between the high values of "digestibility of intact seeds" and actual in vivo digestion of DM and OM. Similar yields of milk and milk protein were obtained in cows fed the Akala and Pima TMR, whereas higher yields of milk, milk protein, milk fat, and 4% fat-corrected milk were found in the T-Pima cows. Similar efficiency of DM intake for fat-corrected milk production was achieved by cows fed the 3 TMR.
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Lactation Performance and Feeding Behavior of Dairy Cows Supplemented Via Automatic Feeders with Soy Hulls or Barley Based Pellets. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:3808-15. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of four paediatric cases and review of the literature. Histopathology 2004; 44:283-91. [PMID: 14987233 DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-0167.2004.01816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To report a series of four paediatric cases of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) and add to the known extranodal sites of occurrence for this tumour. Neoplasms derived from interdigitating dendritic cells are rare, with only 33 cases being reported in the literature (Medline search). These tumours usually occur in lymph nodes in the adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS The patients were a 10-year-old girl with a large soft tissue mass bulging into the left chest, a 12-year-old girl with a right paraspinal mass, a 21-month-old boy with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly and a 6-year-old girl with a large bladder mass. Paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin slides were available in all cases. In addition, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed. A diagnosis of IDCS was made in all cases. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of IDCS can rarely be entertained on clinical information alone. Microscopically, there is a wide spectrum of features. Thus, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy are crucial in making the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes inflammatory pseudotumour, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, true histiocytic lymphoma, malignant Langerhans cell histiocytosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, melanoma, and a range of sarcomas. IDCS displays aggressive behaviour and approximately half of the patients die of the disease.
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Characterization of adhesion and differentiation markers of osteogenic marrow stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2004; 202:41-8. [PMID: 15389528 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Marrow stroma cells (MSC) play a major role in osteogenesis. The potential of the MSC to differentiate to bone-forming cells relies upon molecular regulation. This study analyzed MBA-15 cells for the expression of genes and proteins that are key regulators of osteoblast differentiation. These cells express Cbfa1 and c-fos transcription factors (TF) of osteoprogenitor proliferating cells. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate the message and protein expression of extracellular matrix proteins that are a prerequisite for matrix formation and mineralization, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, osteopontin, biglycan, and bone sialoprotein (BSP). The activity of ALP was correlated at various cell densities with co-expression of osteocalcin or osteopontin. Adhering cells must attach to the appropriate matrix to enable survival and differentiation. Using attachment assays, we demonstrated that MBA-15 cells adhered to collagenous matrix and the effect on survival measured by changes in intracellular calcium (Ca) levels. The cells' adhesion to matrix is mediated via cell surface molecules. We quantified the expression of cells surface molecules that are important players in mediating cell-matrix interaction. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) was used to determine the expression of CD-31 (36%), and lower levels were identified for CD-62E and CD11b. In summary, the present study demonstrates the expression of molecular markers that are distinctive for the osteoblastic phenotype in MBA-15 marrow stroma cells and have crucial role in cell-matrix interaction, in establishing the cellular osteogenic phenotype and their survival.
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Abstract
Presentation with signs of bowel obstruction in an infant with Waardenburg syndrome should raise the suspicion of aganglionosis. We report such a case of long segment Hirschsprung's disease associated with Waardenburg syndrome. Long term care of such children is fraught with high morbidity and mortality.
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Abstract
Ten lactating cows were divided into two groups and individually fed ad libitum one of two experimental total mixed rations (TMR) as follows: 1) a TMR containing 20% corn grain and 10% dry citrus pulp (high corn); and 2) a TMR containing 21% citrus pulp and 9% corn grain (high citrus pulp). Both TMR also contained corn silage (28%), legume haylage (19.5%), extruded full fat soybeans (13.5 to 14%), soybean meal (6.5%), and minerals and vitamins. Voluntary dry matter intake of cows consuming the high corn ration tended to be higher than for cows in the high citrus pulp group (22.2 vs. 20.7 +/- 1.0 kg/cow per day, respectively). Digestibility of NDF was higher for the TMR with high citrus pulp compared with the TMR with higher corn. Across treatments, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) glucose was more digestible than NDF xylose and uronic acids and less digestible than NDF arabinose, galactose, and mannose. Digestibility of total neutral detergent soluble carbohydrates was also higher in the high citrus pulp group (86.8, high citrus pulp vs. 80.3 +/- 1.7%, high corn); with glucose and uronic acids accounting for most of that difference. Consequently, higher total carbohydrate digestibility was obtained in the TMR containing higher citrus pulp compared with the TMR with a higher percentage of corn (77.1 and 72.5 +/- 1.0%, respectively). Slightly lower carbohydrate intake in cows fed higher citrus pulp was compensated by higher digestibility of carbohydrates and protein. Thereby, partial replacement of corn by citrus pulp in TMR of high producing dairy cows improved feed efficiency.
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Joubert syndrome. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:1045-9. [PMID: 11568384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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HIV levels differ by gender. Disparity detected in early stages of infection later disappears, according to recent study. POSITIVE LIVING (LOS ANGELES, CALIF.) 2001; 10:27. [PMID: 11695335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Mental mobilization processes in critical incident stress situations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MENTAL HEALTH 2001; 2:73-81. [PMID: 11232176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the psychological emergency mobilization process that takes place in threat situations is postulated. Mental mobilization is the increased mental capability of the mind in critical situations to process incoming and stored information to enable adaptive survival responses. The processes that are mobilized in the service of survival are enhanced sensory awareness, focused attention, rapid processing of incoming data, and use of previous experience, enhanced memory, altered time perception, and temporary deactivation of emotional reactions. From a clinical standpoint, it is important that the survival value of these processes is understood, as survivors can be helped to feel a sense of accomplishment and empowerment when they are taken through a critical situation in a detailed way and discover that they have been able to function well and survive by use of their stored "experience," rapid processing of information or other aspects of their mental mobilization.
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New procedure under study may replace Pap smear. POSITIVE LIVING (LOS ANGELES, CALIF.) 2001; 10:34. [PMID: 11548375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Mucormycosis of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:294-7. [PMID: 11255311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Error in neonatal daily weight measurement caused by equipment weights. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:65-8. [PMID: 11175935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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In defense of freedom. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2001; 56:79-80. [PMID: 11242996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Does estrogen offer protection against HIV? POSITIVE LIVING (LOS ANGELES, CALIF.) 2000; 9:38. [PMID: 12154762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Abstract
The injuries that are prevalent in and unique to dancers have their origins inextricably linked to faulty technique or poor biomechanics, combined with other risk factors. It is this combination of factors that must be addressed when considering diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. For the dancer to return to full activity with minimal risk of recurrent injury, neuromuscular re-education is mandatory. This process best entails using a team approach, accessing the resources of healthcare professionals and those who train the dancer on a daily basis. In some cases, parents also may need to be involved. Communication, interaction, and mutual understanding among these groups will assist the dancer in regaining and maintaining health.
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The effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:1322-9. [PMID: 10877397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)74998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring anticarcinogen found in dairy products, is a byproduct of incomplete ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. Our objective was to determine the effect of nonstructural carbohydrate sources, addition of full fat extruded soybeans as a source of unsaturated fatty acids, and possible interactions on the milk fat content of CLA. Cows (n = 20) were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square involving two sources of nonstructural carbohydrate, high starch (corn) or high pectin (citrus pulp), with or without addition of extruded soybeans. Milk yield was not affected by nonstructural carbohydrate source, but milk production was increased by 7.8 to 10.5% with dietary additions of extruded soybeans. Milk fat content did not differ between treatments, but fatty acid composition was affected. Cows fed extruded soybean diets had reduced concentrations of C8 to C16 fatty acids and increased concentrations of octadecenoic acids. Diets with extruded soybeans also resulted in more than a doubling in milk fat concentration and yield of CLA. Nonstructural carbohydrate source had only minor effects on CLA, and there was no interaction with extruded soybeans. Milk fat content of trans-C18:1 and CLA were closely related (r2 = 0.77). However, variation among cows was about threefold for each of the diets and rank order of individual cows differed among diets. Overall, we demonstrated that diet modification can be used to alter CLA content of milk fat, but there was substantial individual cow variation for all diets.
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Understanding drinking and driving reforms: a profile of Ontario statistics. Inj Prev 2000; 6:96-101. [PMID: 10875664 PMCID: PMC1730626 DOI: 10.1136/ip.6.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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