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Albasyouni S, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Hoshani N, Al-Otaibi T, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R. Evaluation of anthelminthic and antiprotozoal activity of myrrh ( Commiphora myrrha) methanolic extract. Helminthologia 2024; 61:1-10. [PMID: 38659472 PMCID: PMC11038267 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, Eisenia fetida, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. Eimeria labbeana-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of E. labbeana-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Albasyouni
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al-Hoshani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Baki AS, Abdel-Haleem HM, Duszynski DW, Al-Quraishy S, Mansour L. Acroeimeria lineri (McAllister, Upton, Freed, 1988) Paperna and Landsberg, 1989 in Mediterranean Geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus): Oocyst Morphometrics, Endogenous Developmental Stages, and Molecular Sequencing Support its Placement into Acroeimeria. J Parasitol 2021; 106:644-653. [PMID: 33065739 DOI: 10.1645/18-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Between June 2016 and June 2019, we surveyed 62 Mediterranean geckos, Hemidactylus turcicus, from Abu Rawash, Giza, Egypt, for the presence of endoparasites. In June 2016, we found 3 individuals to be infected with Eimeria lineri. We studied the morphology and inner structures of its sporulated oocysts, and the locations of its intestinal endogenous stages. We also extracted genomic DNA from these sporulated oocysts and successfully sequenced a 632-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses using this partial sequence allowed us to support previous studies that assigned E. lineri to the genus Acroeimeria. Our consensus sequence was used to query similar 18S rDNA sequences from GenBank, and 14 sequences were selected. The phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods gave similar results, as both separated the sequences into 2 clades: (1) a monophyletic group of Goussia species (from fish); and (2) a strongly supported clade that separated 4 Choleoeimeria species from a polyphyletic group of species that clustered A. lineri with 3 other Acroeimeria species and 3 Eimeria species from lizards, including Eimeria tiliquae from Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825), Eimeria tokayae from Gecko gecko (L., 1758), and Eimeria eutropidis from Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853). Our study supports the placement of E. lineri into the Acroeimeria and contributes additional life history information toward understanding the evolutionary origin of the Eimeria-like species that have sporocysts without Stieda bodies in their oocysts and that infect saurian reptiles. We also support the concept that several traits (morphological, endogenous, and gene sequences) are both necessary and important for authors to include when making generic reassignments within the eimeriid coccidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - H M Abdel-Haleem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - D W Duszynski
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - S Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Unité de Recherche de Biologie Intégrative et Ecologie Évolutive et Fonctionnelle des Milieux Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1086 Tunis, Tunisia
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Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Gaber R, Dkhil MA, Abdel-Baki AS, Alotaibi M, Alhafidh W, Al-Houshany N. Detection of Raillietina saudiae from the domestic pigeon in Saudi Arabia through 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:90-97. [PMID: 32989757 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Raillietina saudiae is a well-studied avian gastrointestinal parasite belonging to the family Davaineidae and is the most prevalent cyclophyllid tapeworm infecting pigeon in Saudi Arabia. The present study considered as a complementary analysis of Al-Quraishy et al. (2019; Parasitol Int 71, 59-72) with molecular studies for two ribosomal DNA genes employed for precise recognition of this Raillietina species. The annotated partial 18S and 28S rDNA gene regions were found to be 888 and 900 bp long that utilized further to elucidate their genetic relationships at species level using maximum likelihood method. The query sequence of R. saudiae is well aligned and placed within the Davaineidae family, with the same clade of all species of Raillietina that well separated from other cyclophyllidean cestodes especially taeniid and hymenolepid species. Sequence data recorded the monophyly of Raillietina species. The current phylogeny supports the usage of the partial 18S and 28S rDNA genes as reliable markers for phylogenetic reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Abdel-Gaber
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A S Abdel-Baki
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M Alotaibi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Alhafidh
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Al-Houshany
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Quraishy S, Murshed M, Delic D, Al-Shaebi EM, Qasem MAA, Mares MM, Dkhil MA. Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice spleen response to synthesized silver nanoparticles from Indigofera oblongifolia extract. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:542-549. [PMID: 32749003 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a worldwide serious-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL-6 and TNF-α-mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti-oxidant and the anti-inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi-induced spleen injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Delic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - E M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A A Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Mares
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Medyouni R, Hallouma B, Mansour L, Al-Quraishy S, Hamdi N. DBU-Catalysed Synthesis of Metal-Free Phthalocyanines and Metallophthalocyanines Containing 2(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)Ethanol and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Groups: Characterisation, Antimicrobial Properties and Aggregation Behaviour. Journal of Chemical Research 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14931195075571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation, and spectral and antimicrobial properties of novel peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free phthalocyanines and metallophthalocyanines bearing four 2(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituents is reported. The aggregation behaviour of these compounds was investigated in different concentrations of DMSO. The compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Medyouni
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - B. Hallouma
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - L. Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Abdel-Maksoud MA, Abdel-Ghaffar FA, El-Amir A, Al-Quraishy S, Badr G. Infection with Plasmodium chabaudi diminishes plasma immune complexes and ameliorates the histopathological alterations in different organs of female BWF1 lupus mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:733-744. [PMID: 26957278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Plasmodium chabaudi infection on the plasma level of circulating immune complexes (CICs), haemoglobin (Hb) content, urine profile, and histological features of female BWF1 mice, the murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 female BWF1 lupus mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: group (I) control group (P. chabaudi uninfected); group (II) lupus mice infected with live P. chabaudi; group (III) lupus mice infected with irradiated P. chabaudi. Urine samples were daily collected from the second week-post infection. Mice from the three groups were killed at day 14 post-infection and heparinized blood was collected for further haemoglobin contents and plasma analysis. Paraffin-embedded kidney, liver, lung, heart, brain, ovary and skin tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and examined under light microscope. RESULTS Our results reveal that infection of lupus mice with live P. chabaudi was associated with an increase in urinary Hb and a decrease in plasma Hb and CIC levels. Interestingly, infection of lupus mice with live P. chabaudi ameliorates the histopathological alterations mediated by lupus disease in kidney tissues. Although no parasite sequestration was observed in any of the investigated organs, P. chabaudi pigment deposition was observed in the liver of both live and irradiated P. chabaudi infected groups. CONCLUSIONS This study in lupus prone BWF1 mice indicated that gamma-irradiated P. chabaudi infection has the desired lupus ameliorating effect without negative effects of malaria which assist the understanding of different responses to plasmodium sp. infection in human lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abdel-Maksoud
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Rocha S, Casal G, Garcia P, Matos E, Al-Quraishy S, Azevedo C. Ultrastructure and phylogeny of the parasite Henneguya carolina sp. nov. (Myxozoa), from the marine fish Trachinotus carolinus in Brazil. Dis Aquat Organ 2014; 112:139-148. [PMID: 25449325 DOI: 10.3354/dao02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic and molecular procedures are used to describe a new myxosporean species, Henneguya carolina sp. nov., found infecting the intestine of the marine teleost fish Trachinotus carolinus on the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil. Spherical to ellipsoid cysts, measuring up to ~750 µm, display synchronous development. Mature myxospores are ellipsoidal with a bifurcated caudal process. Myxospore body length, width, and thickness are 12.7 ± 0.8 (12.0-13.4) µm, 8.8 ± 0.6 (7.5-9.6) µm, and 5.8 ± 0.4 (5.0-6.4) µm, respectively; 2 equal caudal processes are 16.8 ± 1.1 (15.9-18.0) µm long, and the total myxospore length is 29.4 ± 0.8 (28.4-30.4) µm. Two pyriform polar capsules measure 5.0 ± 0.5 (4.6-5.6) × 2.4 ± 0.4 (1.9-2.9) µm, and each contains a polar filament forming 3 to 4 coils. Sporoplasm is binucleated and presents a spherical vacuole surrounded by numerous globular sporoplasmosomes. Molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene by maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood reveals the parasite clustering together with other myxobolids that are histozoic in marine fish of the order Perciformes, thereby strengthening the contention that the host phylogenetic relationships and aquatic environment are the strongest evolutionary signal for myxosporeans of the family Myxobolidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Saleh M, Kumar G, Abdel-Baki AA, Dkhil M, El-Matbouli M, Al-Quraishy S. Development of a novel in vitro method for drug development for fish; application to test efficacy of antimicrosporidian compounds. Vet Rec 2014; 175:561. [PMID: 25200429 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Few drugs are approved for treating diseases caused by parasites in minor species such as fish. This is due, in part, to the expense of drug development and to the comparatively small market. In vivo effectiveness trials for antiparasitic drugs are costly, time consuming and require ethics approval, therefore an in vitro screening approach is a cost-effective alternative to finding promising drug candidates. We developed an in vitro testing system to test antimicrosporidial compounds against a microsporidian pathogen Heterosporis saurida. Five antiparasitic compounds, albendazole, fumagillin, TNP-70, nitazoxanide and lufenuron, were assayed for antimicrosporidial activity. All compounds reduced the number of H saurida spores in infected cells when applied at a concentration that did not appear to be toxic to the host cells. Albendazole inhibited replication of H saurida by >60 per cent, fumagillin and its analogue TNP-470 inhibited H saurida >80 per cent, nitazoxanide and lufenuron inhibited growth >70 per cent. The data suggest that both fumagillin and its analogous TNP-70 hold the best promise as therapeutic agents against H saurida. The ability to use fish cell cultures to assess drugs against H saurida demonstrates an approach that may be helpful to evaluate other drugs on different microsporidia and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A-A Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar G, Saleh M, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, El-Matbouli M. In vitro cultivation model for Heterosporis saurida (Microsporidia) isolated from lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson). J Fish Dis 2014; 37:443-9. [PMID: 23957717 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterosporis saurida is a microsporidian that infects lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848), in the Arabian Sea. Spores were isolated from infected lizardfish and used to infect derived fish cell lines: common carp brain (CCB), epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC), fathead minnow epithelial (FHM), rainbow trout gonad (RTG), bluegill fry (BF-2) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE). Non-fish cell lines were also tested that include: insect (SF-9), rabbit (RK-13) and African green monkey (Vero E6). No growth of H. saurida was observed in any fish cell line, SF-9 or Vero E6 cell lines. H. saurida spores grew only in RK-13 cell line and were detected by immunofluorescence. Developmental stages of H. saurida were seen in RK-13 cells by light and transmission electron microscopy, and species identification was confirmed by sequencing. This study demonstrated that H. saurida was able to proliferate in the mammalian RK-13 cell line, which thus represents an in vitro model for conducting molecular genetics and cell-pathogen interaction studies of Heterosporis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Azevedo C, Matos P, Rocha S, Matos E, Oliveira E, Al-Quraishy S, Casal G. Ultrastructure of novel thrombocytes in the dog snapper Lutjanus jocu. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:865-871. [PMID: 24602039 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Myxosporean cysts containing spores of Henneguya sp. were observed in the gills of the dog snapper Lutjanus jocu. Adjacent to the cysts were capillaries, allowing observation of peripheral blood cells. Numerous white blood cells displaying uncommon cytoplasmic projections were observed amongst the erythrocytes. Their morphology allowed them to be identified as thrombocytes (TCs). Each TC displayed 18-26 cytoplasmic projections, most of which were in close proximity to erythrocytes. At their apical end, each cytoplasmic projection presented an ellipsoidal vacuole (c. 0·6 µm × 0·3 µm) from which a secretory tubule, 0·3-0·4 µm long and c. 120 nm in total diameter, extended towards the periphery of the TC plasmalemma and fused with the cellular membrane. From this opening, contents of vacuoles were apparently released into the lumen of the capillaries. Other vacuoles with similar features, and containing an electron-lucent matrix, were observed in the cytoplasm of the TC. This is the first description of fish TC with these ultrastructural features and organization, which suggest that they perform a secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS/UP), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR/UP), University of Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mahboob S, Al-Balawi HFA, Al-Misned F, Al-Quraishy S, Ahmad Z. Tissue metal distribution and risk assessment for important fish species from Saudi Arabia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 92:61-66. [PMID: 24201710 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, As and Fe) in the muscle tissue of four fish species (Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Poecilia latipinna and Aphanius dispar dispar) collected from Wadi Hanifah were detected in two different seasons. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals, except for Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu in A. d. dispar and P. latipinna, were found to be below the safe limits recommended by various authorities and thus provide an indication of the extent of pollution of these metals. The present study also demonstrates that Zn and Cr were the most and least accumulated metals, respectively, in the studied fish muscle tissues. From the standpoint of human health, this study suggests that there is a possible health risk to consumers due to the current consumption rate of A. d. dispar and P. latipinna in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,
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Abdel-Baki AS, Al-Quraishy S, Otaibi MSAA, Duszynski DW. A New Species ofIsospora(Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting the Baiuch Rock Gecko,Bunopus tuberculatus, in Saudi Arabia. J Parasitol 2013; 99:1019-23. [DOI: 10.1645/13-265.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dkhil MA, Abdel-Baki AS, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Moneim AE. Hepatic oxidative stress in Mongolian gerbils experimentally infected with Babesia divergens. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 4:346-51. [PMID: 23558234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histopathological alterations in hepatic tissues of Mongolian gerbils experimentally infected with Babesia divergens. It was found that parasitaemia reached approximately 77% at day 5 post-infection. The liver became dark-brown and extremely friable, and hepatic sinusoids were dilated and contained macrophages and parasite-containing erythrocytes. Infection also induced inflammation and injury of the liver. This was illustrated by (1) an increase in inflammatory cellular infiltrations, (2) a decrease in total antioxidant capacity, as indicated by lowered glutathione and catalase levels, (3) increased production of nitric oxide-derived products (nitrite/nitrate) and malondialdehyde, and (4) increased lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and protein carbonyl content in the liver. Infection also interfered with the normal cell cycle of the hepatic tissue, as indicated by a significant increase in the percentage of liver cells at G0/G1 from approximately 86.2% to 97.5% and in S phases from 0.28% to 2.2%. Collectively, the present data suggest that B. divergens infection could induce cell-cycle alteration following oxidative stress and DNA damage in hepatic tissue. Further work is required to investigate the mechanism by which this hepatic tissue damage takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alfaleh FA, Alyousif MS, Al-Shawa YR, Al-Quraishy S. Caryospora cherrughi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting Falco cherrug in Saudi Arabia. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:971-4. [PMID: 23224640 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The oocysts of Caryospora cherrughi sp. n. were described from the feces of the saker falcon, Falco cherrug, collected from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of infection was 21.4 % (15/70). The majority of the oocysts examined had completed sporulation within 64-84 h at 24 ± 2 °C. Sporulated oocysts are ovoid in shape, measuring 32.1 × 29.3 (30.7-34.5 × 27.7-29.8) μm; shape index (L/W) is 1.1 (1.04-1.27) μm. The oocyst wall is smooth and bilayered. Micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, measuring 24.1 × 19.6 (23.0-25.5 × 18.7-20.5) μm; with a smooth single-layered wall, but there is no Stieda body. The sporocyst residuum is present as numerous small granules. Sporozoites are banana-shaped, blunt at one end, and slightly tapered at the other, each with a large single refractile body. C. cherrughi sp. n. is the third caryosporian species described from F. cherrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Alfaleh
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Rocha S, Casal G, Al-Quraishy S, Azevedo C. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new myxozoan species (Myxosporea) infecting the gall bladder of Raja clavata (Chondrichthyes), from the Portuguese Atlantic Coast. J Parasitol 2012; 99:307-17. [PMID: 22998576 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3150.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic and molecular procedures are used to describe a new myxosporean species, Chloromyxum clavatum n. sp., infecting the cartilaginous fish Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae), collected from the northwest Atlantic coast of Portugal. Young plasmodia and mature spores were found floating free in the gall bladder of R. clavata . Spores were spherical to subspherical with a pointed anterior end, measuring14.4 ± 0.5 μm (n = 25) in length, 11.9 ± 0.5 μm (n = 25) in width, and 9.4 ± 0.5 μm (n = 15) in thickness. The spore's wall was composed of 2 equally sized valves, each displaying 6-8 elevated surface ridges and a bundle of several tapering caudal filaments attached to the basal portion. Spores contained 4 pyriform equally sized polar capsules (5.5 ± 0.4 μm × 2.9 ± 0.5 μm) (n = 25), each possessing an obliquely arranged isofilar polar filament coiled in 7-8 coils. Morphological data, host specificity, tissue tropism, and molecular analysis of the SSU rDNA gene identify this parasite as a new species of Chloromyxum. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood further reveal the parasite clustering with other species of Chloromyxum infecting the gall bladder of marine cartilaginous fish to form a clade positioned at the base of the freshwater clade, therefore constituting an exception to the major division of the class Myxosporea into the freshwater and marine clades, while supporting the existence of a correlation between tissue tropism and myxosporean phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
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Abdel-Baki AS, Abdel-Haleem HM, Al-Quraishy S. A new Sarcocystis species (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the rock gecko Bunopus tuberculatus in Saudi Arabia. J Parasitol 2012; 98:951-3. [PMID: 22519743 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3077.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcocystis bunopusi n. sp. from the muscle fibres of the rock gecko ( Bunopus tuberculatus ) in Saudi Arabia is described. Sarcocysts were found in skeletal muscles of the tail and fore and hind limbs in 3 of 30 geckos. Sarcocysts were microscopic, 42-45 µm long and 22-25 µm wide. Using light microscopy, the cyst wall was thin and smooth. Ultrastructurally, the primary cyst wall consisted of a thin parasitophorous vacuolar membrane with osmiophilic 100 nm × 50 nm knob-like papillae, and no perpendicular protrusions. Septae were indistinct. Bradyzoites were 5-7 × 1.5-2.0 µm in size. This is the first description of a Sarcocystis species from this gecko.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Alfaleh FA, Alyousif MS, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Shawa YR. Eimeria biarmicus sp.n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting falcons from the genus Falco in Saudi Arabia. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1655-7. [PMID: 21997853 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The oocysts of Eimeria biarmicus sp. n. were described from the feces of the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, collected from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of infection was 5% (2/40). The majority of the oocysts examined had completed sporulation within 84 h at 24 ± 2°C. Sporulated oocysts are ovoid in shape, measuring 22.4 × 17.9 (20.5-24.7 × 15.8-18.5) μm; shape index (L/W) is 1.25 (1.14-1.36) μm. The oocyst wall is smooth and bi-layered. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. A polar granule is present, consisting of 2-4 globules. Sporocysts are ovoid, 10.1 × 6.1 (9.4-11.2 × 5.4-6.8) μm; with a smooth single-layered wall and a minute Stieda body, but there is no substieda body. The sporocyst residuum consists of numerous small granules. Sporozoites are comma shaped, each contains two refractile bodies. E. biarmicus sp. n. is the second eimerian species described from F. biarmicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Alfaleh
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 12455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Delić D, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Vohr HW, Dkhil M, Al-Quraishy S, Wunderlich F. Testosterone response of hepatic gene expression in female mice having acquired testosterone-unresponsive immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Steroids 2011; 76:1204-12. [PMID: 21669218 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi is characterized by its responsiveness to testosterone (T): T suppresses development of protective immunity, whereas once acquired immunity is T-unresponsive. Here, we have analyzed the liver, a T target and lymphoid organ with anti-malaria activity, for its T-responsiveness of gene expression in immune mice. Using Affymetrix microarray technology, in combination with quantitative RT-PCR, we have identified (i) T-unresponsive expression of newly acquired mRNAs encoding diverse sequences of IgG- and IgM-antibodies, (ii) 24 genes whose expression has become T-unresponsive including those encoding the T(H)2 response promoting EHMT2 and the erythrocyte membrane protein band 7.2 STOM, (iii) T-unresponsive expression of mRNAs for the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ, as well as iNOS, which are even not inducible by infection, and (iv) 35 genes retaining their T-responsiveness, which include those encoding the infection-inducible acute phase proteins SAA1, SAA2, and ORM2 as well as those of liver metabolism which encode the T-downregulated female-prevalent enzymes CYP2B9, CYP2B13, CYP3A41, CYP7A1, and SULT2A2 and the T-upregulated male-prevalent enzymes CYP2D9, CYP7B1, UGT2B1, HSD3B2, HSD3B5, respectively. The mRNA of the latter T-metabolizing enzyme is even 5-fold increased by T, suggesting a decrease in the effective T concentrations in the liver of immune mice. Collectively, our data suggest that the liver, which has acquired a selective T-unresponsiveness of gene expression, contributes to the acquired T-unresponsive, antibody-mediated protective immunity to blood-stage malaria of P. chabaudi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Delić
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Centre for Biological and Medical Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Dkhil M, Abdel-Baki A, Wunderlich F, Sies H, Al-Quraishy S. Anticoccidial and antiinflammatory activity of garlic in murine Eimeria papillata infections. Vet Parasitol 2011; 175:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Baki AS. Hepatic tissue damage induced in Meriones ungliculatus due to infection with Babesia divergens-infected erythrocytes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2010; 17:129-32. [PMID: 23961068 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic parasite which is capable of infecting a wide range of vertebrates causing huge economic losses. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical changes during B. divergens infection in female Meriones ungliculatus were reported. Animals were challenged with 5 × 10(6) B. divergens-infected erythrocytes. Parasitemia were maximum at day 5 postinfection where all gerbils died. Infection of gerbils with Babesia induced a significant decrease in erythrocytic count as well as the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percentage but leucocytes were increased significantly when compared to uninfected gerbils. Liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and aniline aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased while albumin and total bilirubin were significantly decreased at day 5 postinfection with B. divergens-infected erythrocytes. Histopathological scores of inflammation after infection of gerbils were done using Ischak's activity index and indicated that the liver was severely affected. In conclusion, the study indicated that the course of infection by B. divergens-induced alternations in hematology, biochemistry and histopathology of the hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ; Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
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Kiehl E, Walldorf V, Klimpel S, Al-Quraishy S, Mehlhorn H. Genebank accession numbers of sequences of Culicoides species vectors of bluetongue virus in Germany. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:293-5. [PMID: 19424722 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The paper offers the genebank accession numbers of Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus and Culicoides pulicaris sequences (ITS 1, ITS 2, 18S rRNA) that had been shown to be vectors of the bluetongue virus serotype 8, which was introduced in 2006 into Germany and spread until 2009 all over Central Europe, including parts of England. The numbers are FN 263292 until FN 263323.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kiehl
- Department of Zoology and Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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