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Schaffner SL, Casazza W, Artaud F, Konwar C, Merrill SM, Domenighetti C, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Mostafavi S, Dennis JK, Elbaz A, Kobor MS. Genetic variation and pesticide exposure influence blood DNA methylation signatures in females with early-stage Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 38714693 PMCID: PMC11076573 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although sex, genetics, and exposures can individually influence risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), the joint contributions of these factors to the epigenetic etiology of PD have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we profiled sex-stratified genome-wide blood DNAm patterns, SNP genotype, and pesticide exposure in agricultural workers (71 early-stage PD cases, 147 controls) and explored replication in three independent samples of varying demographics (n = 218, 222, and 872). Using a region-based approach, we found more associations of blood DNAm with PD in females (69 regions) than in males (2 regions, Δβadj| ≥0.03, padj ≤ 0.05). For 48 regions in females, models including genotype or genotype and pesticide exposure substantially improved in explaining interindividual variation in DNAm (padj ≤ 0.05), and accounting for these variables decreased the estimated effect of PD on DNAm. The results suggested that genotype, and to a lesser degree, genotype-exposure interactions contributed to variation in PD-associated DNAm. Our findings should be further explored in larger study populations and in experimental systems, preferably with precise measures of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W Casazza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - C Konwar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Merrill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - J M Schulze-Hentrich
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J C Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Brain Insitute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Department of Neurology and CIC Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J K Dennis
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Monin M, Lesage S, Brice A. Basi molecolari della malattia di Parkinson. Neurologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(18)41584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown in most patients. Since 1997, with the first genetic mutation known to cause PD described in SNCA gene, many other genes with Mendelian inheritance have been identified. We summarize genetic, clinical and neuropathological findings related to the 27 genes reported in the literature since 1997, associated either with autosomal dominant (AD): LRRK2, SNCA, VPS35, GCH1, ATXN2, DNAJC13, TMEM230, GIGYF2, HTRA2, RIC3, EIF4G1, UCHL1, CHCHD2, and GBA; or autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance: PRKN, PINK1, DJ1, ATP13A2, PLA2G6, FBXO7, DNAJC6, SYNJ1, SPG11, VPS13C, PODXL, and PTRHD1; or an X-linked transmission: RAB39B. Clinical and neuropathological variability among genes is great. LRRK2 mutation carriers present a phenotype similar to those with idiopathic PD whereas, depending on the SNCA mutations, the phenotype ranges from early onset typical PD to dementia with Lewy bodies, including many other atypical forms. DNAJC6 nonsense mutations lead to a very severe phenotype whereas DNAJC6 missense mutations cause a more typical form. PRKN, PINK1 and DJ1 cases present with typical early onset PD with slow progression, whereas other AR genes present severe atypical Parkinsonism. RAB39B is responsible for a typical phenotype in women and a variable phenotype in men. GBA is a major PD risk factor often associated with dementia. A growing number of reported genes described as causal genes (DNAJC13, TMEM230, GIGYF2, HTRA2, RIC3, EIF4G1, UCHL1, and CHCHD2) are still awaiting replication or indeed have not been replicated, thus raising questions as to their pathogenicity. Phenotypic data collection and next generation sequencing of large numbers of cases and controls are needed to differentiate pathogenic dominant mutations with incomplete penetrance from rare, non-pathogenic variants. Although known genes cause a minority of PD cases, their identification will lead to a better understanding their pathological mechanisms, and may contribute to patient care, genetic counselling, prognosis determination and finding new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lunati
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France.
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Banuelos B, Lesage S, Collin R, Rapoport B. High-level intrathymic thyrotrophin receptor expression in thyroiditis-prone mice protects against the spontaneous generation of pathogenic thyrotrophin receptor autoantibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:243-253. [PMID: 28099999 PMCID: PMC5383439 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyrotrophin receptor (TSHR) A-subunit is the autoantigen targeted by pathogenic autoantibodies that cause Graves' hyperthyroidism, a common autoimmune disease in humans. Previously, we reported that pathogenic TSHR antibodies develop spontaneously in thyroiditis-susceptible non-obese diabetic (NOD).H2h4 mice bearing a human TSHR A-subunit transgene, which is expressed at low levels in both the thyroid and thymus (Lo-expressor transgene). The present study tested recent evidence that high intrathymic TSHR expression protects against the development of pathogenic TSHR antibodies in humans. By successive back-crossing, we transferred to the NOD.H2h4 background a human TSHR A-subunit transgene expressed at high levels in the thyroid and thymus (Hi-expressor transgene). In the sixth back-cross generation (> 98% NOD.H2h4 genome), only transgenic offspring produced spontaneously immunoglobulin (Ig)G class non-pathogenic human TSHR A-subunit antibodies. In contrast, both transgenic and non-transgenic offspring developed antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. However, non-pathogenic human TSHR antibody levels in Hi-expressor offspring were lower than in Lo-expressor transgenic mice. Moreover, pathogenic TSHR antibodies, detected by inhibition of TSH binding to the TSHR, only developed in back-cross offspring bearing the Lo-expressor, but not the Hi-expressor, transgene. High versus low expression human TSHR A-subunit in the NOD.H2h4 thymus was not explained by the transgene locations, namely chromosome 2 (127-147 Mb; Hi-expressor) and chromosome 1 (22.9-39.3 Mb; low expressor). Nevertheless, using thyroiditis-prone NOD.H2h4 mice and two transgenic lines, our data support the association from human studies that low intrathymic TSHR expression is associated with susceptibility to developing pathogenic TSHR antibodies, while high intrathymic TSHR expression is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H A Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Banuelos
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada and Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - R Collin
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada and Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - B Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Danaila T, Polo G, Klinger H, Broussolle E, Mertens P, Lesage S, Brice A, Thobois S. Efficacy of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in C9ORF72 expansion related parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:1104-5. [PMID: 25085746 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Danaila
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Expert Parkinson, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France.
| | - G Polo
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurochirurgie A, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France
| | - H Klinger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Expert Parkinson, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France
| | - E Broussolle
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Expert Parkinson, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine « Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux », Lyon, France; Basal Ganglia Team, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CMRS - UMR 52 29, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Bron, France
| | - P Mertens
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurochirurgie A, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine « Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux », Lyon, France; Basal Ganglia Team, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CMRS - UMR 52 29, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Bron, France
| | - S Lesage
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | - S Thobois
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Expert Parkinson, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique "Pierre Wertheimer", Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine « Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux », Lyon, France; Basal Ganglia Team, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CMRS - UMR 52 29, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Bron, France
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Levy A, Pettersen G, Gauvin F, Sansregret A, Lesage S, Robitaille N. 136: The Other End: Evaluation of Blood Bank Technologists and Hematologists During a Massive Hemorrhage Simulation Project. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Levy A, Pettersen G, Gauvin F, Sansregret A, Lesage S, Robitaille N. 183: High Fidelity Simulation Results in Improving Clinician Performance in the Management of Massive Hemorrhage Cases. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hu HH, Dumaz N, Lesage S, Descamps V, Mourah S, Lebbé C, Basset-Seguin N, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Deschamps L, Leccia MT, Tsalamlal A, Klebe S, Kannengiesser C, Couvelard A, Grandchamp B, Thomas L, Brice A, Soufir N. Maladie de Parkinson et mélanome : une piste génétique commune liée à l’inactivation du gène PARK2. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hamadouche T, Belarbi S, Hecham N, Lesage S, Brice A, Tazir M, Benhassine T. Diagnostic génétique de la forme PARK8 de la maladie de Parkinson en Algérie par recherche de la mutation c 6055G>A (p gly2019ser) dans le gène LRRK2. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.01.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lesage S, Condroyer C, Klebe S, Honoré A, Tison F, Brefel-Courbon C, Dürr A, Brice A. Identification of VPS35 mutations replicated in French families with Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012; 78:1449-50. [PMID: 22517097 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318253d5f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Toulouse, France
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Anheim M, Elbaz A, Lesage S, Durr A, Condroyer C, Viallet F, Pollak P, Bonaïti B, Bonaïti-Pellié C, Brice A. Penetrance of Parkinson disease in glucocerebrosidase gene mutation carriers. Neurology 2012; 78:417-20. [PMID: 22282650 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318245f476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene mutations represent a strong risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). PD penetrance in GBA mutation carriers, which represents a key issue for genetic counseling, especially for relatives of patients with Gaucher disease (GD), is unknown. Our objective was to estimate PD penetrance in a familial study of GBA mutation carriers. METHODS Probands with familial PD were recruited through the French Parkinson Disease Genetic Study Group. All GBA exons were sequenced in probands and their relatives. To estimate the age-specific cumulative PD risk (i.e., penetrance) in GBA mutation carriers, we used the proband's phenotype exclusion likelihood method and corrected for selection of familial cases by considering the status of one affected relative per family as unknown. RESULTS Of 525 probands with familial PD, 24 (4.6%) were GBA mutation carriers. Of their 256 relatives, 43 (16.8%) had PD and 26 of 32 affected relatives tested for GBA mutations were mutation carriers; 213 relatives did not have PD and 31 of 71 of unaffected relatives tested for GBA mutations were mutation carriers. Under a dominant model, penetrance was estimated as 7.6%, 13.7%, 21.4%, and 29.7% at 50, 60, 70, and 80 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in penetrance at 70 years between N370S carriers, L444P carriers, and carriers of rarer mutations. CONCLUSION The relatively high penetrance estimate in GBA carriers obtained in this study should lead to consideration of GBA as a dominant causal gene with reduced penetrance and should be taken into account for genetic counseling in relatives of patients with GD and patients with GBA-associated PD.
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Lohmann E, Dursun B, Lesage S, Hanagasi HA, Sevinc G, Honore A, Bilgic B, Gürvit H, Dogu O, Kaleagası H, Babacan G, Yazici J, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Brice A, Emre M. Genetic bases and phenotypes of autosomal recessive Parkinson disease in a Turkish population. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:769-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang W, Begum R, Barber T, Ibba V, Tee N, Hussain M, Arastoo M, Yang Q, Robson L, Lesage S, Gheysens T, Skaer NJ, Knight D, Priestley J. Regenerative potential of silk conduits in repair of peripheral nerve injury in adult rats. Biomaterials 2012; 33:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hanagasi HA, Lohmann E, Dursun B, Honoré A, Lesage S, Dogu O, Kaleagasi H, Aydın O, Gürvit H, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Brice A, Emre M. LRRK2 mutations are uncommon in Turkey. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:e137. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lesage S, Condroyer C, Hecham N, Anheim M, Belarbi S, Lohman E, Viallet F, Pollak P, Abada M, Dürr A, Tazir M, Brice A. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene confer a risk for Parkinson disease in North Africa. Neurology 2011; 76:301-3. [PMID: 21242499 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318207b01e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- INSERM UMR_S975 (formerly UMR_S679), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris cedex 13, France.
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Troiano AR, Elbaz A, Lohmann E, Belarbi S, Vidailhet M, Bonnet AM, Lesage S, Pollak P, Cazeneuve C, Borg M, Feingold J, Dürr A, Tazir M, Brice A. Low disease risk in relatives of north african lrrk2 Parkinson disease patients. Neurology 2010; 75:1118-9. [PMID: 20855856 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f39a2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A R Troiano
- Bâtiment de la Nouvelle Pharmacie, INSERM U975-4'eme étage, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, 75651 cedex 13, France
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Sidransky E, Nalls MA, Aasly JO, Aharon-Peretz J, Annesi G, Barbosa ER, Bar-Shira A, Berg D, Bras J, Brice A, Chen CM, Clark LN, Condroyer C, De Marco EV, Dürr A, Eblan MJ, Fahn S, Farrer MJ, Fung HC, Gan-Or Z, Gasser T, Gershoni-Baruch R, Giladi N, Griffith A, Gurevich T, Januario C, Kropp P, Lang AE, Lee-Chen GJ, Lesage S, Marder K, Mata IF, Mirelman A, Mitsui J, Mizuta I, Nicoletti G, Oliveira C, Ottman R, Orr-Urtreger A, Pereira LV, Quattrone A, Rogaeva E, Rolfs A, Rosenbaum H, Rozenberg R, Samii A, Samaddar T, Schulte C, Sharma M, Singleton A, Spitz M, Tan EK, Tayebi N, Toda T, Troiano AR, Tsuji S, Wittstock M, Wolfsberg TG, Wu YR, Zabetian CP, Zhao Y, Ziegler SG. Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1651-61. [PMID: 19846850 PMCID: PMC2856322 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0901281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1464] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate an increased frequency of mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a deficiency of which causes Gaucher's disease, among patients with Parkinson's disease. We aimed to ascertain the frequency of GBA mutations in an ethnically diverse group of patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Sixteen centers participated in our international, collaborative study: five from the Americas, six from Europe, two from Israel, and three from Asia. Each center genotyped a standard DNA panel to permit comparison of the genotyping results across centers. Genotypes and phenotypic data from a total of 5691 patients with Parkinson's disease (780 Ashkenazi Jews) and 4898 controls (387 Ashkenazi Jews) were analyzed, with multivariate logistic-regression models and the Mantel-Haenszel procedure used to estimate odds ratios across centers. RESULTS All 16 centers could detect two GBA mutations, L444P and N370S. Among Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 15% of patients and 3% of controls, and among non-Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 3% of patients and less than 1% of controls. GBA was fully sequenced for 1883 non-Ashkenazi Jewish patients, and mutations were identified in 7%, showing that limited mutation screening can miss half the mutant alleles. The odds ratio for any GBA mutation in patients versus controls was 5.43 across centers. As compared with patients who did not carry a GBA mutation, those with a GBA mutation presented earlier with the disease, were more likely to have affected relatives, and were more likely to have atypical clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Data collected from 16 centers demonstrate that there is a strong association between GBA mutations and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA.
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Lesage S, Condroyer C, Lannuzel A, Lohmann E, Troiano A, Tison F, Damier P, Thobois S, Ouvrard-Hernandez AM, Rivaud-Péchoux S, Brefel-Courbon C, Destée A, Tranchant C, Romana M, Leclere L, Dürr A, Brice A. Molecular analyses of the LRRK2 gene in European and North African autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. J Med Genet 2009; 46:458-64. [PMID: 19357115 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.062612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified in families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (ADPD), the most common of which is the p.G2019S substitution that has been found at varying frequencies worldwide. Because of the size of the LRRK2 gene, few studies have analysed the entire gene in large series of ADPD families. METHODS We performed extensive mutation analyses of all 51 coding exons of the LRRK2 gene in index cases from 226 Parkinson's disease families compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance, mostly from France (n = 182) and North Africa (n = 14). RESULTS We found 79 sequence variants, 29 of which were novel. Eight potentially or proven pathogenic mutations were found in 22 probands (9.7%). There were four novel amino acid substitutions that are potentially pathogenic (p.S52F, p.N363S, p.I810V, p.R1325Q) and two novel variants, p.H1216R and p.T1410M, that are probably not causative. The common p.G2019S mutation was identified in 13 probands (5.8%) including six from North Africa (43%). The known heterozygous p.R1441H and p.I1371V mutations were found in two probands each, and the p.E334K variant was identified in one single patient. Most potentially or proven pathogenic mutations were located in the functional domains of the Lrrk2 protein. CONCLUSION This study leads us to conclude that LRRK2 mutations are a common cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease in Europe and North Africa.
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Pirkevi C, Lesage S, Condroyer C, Tomiyama H, Hattori N, Ertan S, Brice A, Başak AN. A LRRK2 G2019S mutation carrier from Turkey shares the Japanese haplotype. Neurogenetics 2009; 10:271-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-009-0173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lesage S, Belarbi S, Troiano A, Condroyer C, Hecham N, Pollak P, Lohman E, Benhassine T, Ysmail-Dahlouk F, Dürr A, Tazir M, Brice A. Is the common LRRK2 G2019S mutation related to dyskinesias in North African Parkinson disease? Neurology 2008; 71:1550-2. [PMID: 18981379 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000338460.89796.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- INSERM UMR 679 (former U289), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Lohmann E, Thobois S, Lesage S, Broussolle E, du Montcel ST, Ribeiro MJ, Remy P, Pelissolo A, Dubois B, Mallet L, Pollak P, Agid Y, Brice A. A multidisciplinary study of patients with early-onset PD with and without parkin mutations. Neurology 2008; 72:110-6. [PMID: 18987353 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000327098.86861.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish phenotype-genotype correlations in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD), we performed neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric evaluations in a series of patients with and without parkin mutations. BACKGROUND Parkin (PARK2) gene mutations are the major cause of autosomal recessive parkinsonism. The usual clinical features are early-onset typical PD with a slow clinical course, an excellent response to low doses of levodopa, frequent treatment-induced dyskinesias, and the absence of dementia. METHODS A total of 44 patients with EOPD (21 with and 23 without parkin mutations) and 9 unaffected single heterozygous carriers of parkin mutations underwent extensive clinical, neuropsychological, and psychiatric examinations. RESULTS The neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric features were similar in all patients, except for significantly lower daily doses of dopaminergic treatment and greater delay in the development of levodopa-related fluctuations (p < 0.05) in parkin mutation carriers compared to noncarriers. There was no major difference between the two groups in terms of general cognitive efficiency. Psychiatric manifestations (depression) were more frequent in patients than in healthy single heterozygous parkin carriers but did not differ between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION Carriers of parkin mutations are clinically indistinguishable from other patients with young-onset Parkinson disease (PD) on an individual basis. Severe generalized loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in these patients is associated with an excellent response to low doses of dopa-equivalent and delayed fluctuations, but cognitive impairment and special behavioral or psychiatric symptoms were not more severe than in other patients with early-onset PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lohmann
- INSERM UMR S_679, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Troiano AR, Cazeneuve C, Le Ber I, Bonnet AM, Lesage S, Brice A. Re: Alpha-synuclein gene duplication is present in sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology 2008; 71:1295; author reply 1295. [PMID: 18852449 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000338435.78120.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pearson VE, Gamaldo CE, Allen RP, Lesage S, Hening WA, Earley CJ. Medication use in patients with restless legs syndrome compared with a control population. Eur J Neurol 2007; 15:16-21. [PMID: 18005055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder causing chronic sleep deprivation in those with moderate to severe symptoms. It has been associated with other medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, depression and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). If these conditions are more prevalent for RLS patients, then it would be expected RLS patients would use relatively more of the medications treating these conditions. Current medication use was obtained from 110 RLS patients and 54 age, race and gender-matched local-community controls. Each subject was diagnosed as primary RLS or having no indications for RLS by a clinician board-certified in sleep medicine. The RLS group used more medications than the control group even when medications used for treating RLS were excluded. Significantly more of the RLS patients than controls used anti-depressants, gastro-intestinal (GI) medications and asthma/allergy medications. RLS patients compared with those without RLS are more likely to use medications not related to treating RLS. Moreover they use medications for conditions that have not previously been considered related to RLS, i.e. GI and asthma/allergy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Pearson
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lesage S, Lohmann E, Tison F, Durif F, Dürr A, Brice A. Rare heterozygous parkin variants in French early-onset Parkinson disease patients and controls. J Med Genet 2007; 45:43-6. [PMID: 17766365 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.051854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. The effect of single heterozygous mutations in parkin is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of exonic parkin variants in a case-control study. METHODS The parkin gene was screened for both point mutations and exon rearrangements in 172 French patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 170 controls from the same population. Patients with single parkin variants were also screened for PINK1, DJ-1 and LRRK2 exon 41 mutations. RESULTS 10 exonic sequence variations were identified, including 3 known polymorphisms and 7 rare heterozygous variants, 2 of which were novel. There were significantly more rare heterozygous variants in patients (n = 10) with early-onset PD than in controls (n = 2). Screening of PINK1, DJ-1 and LRRK2 exon 41 in the 10 patients heterozygous for parkin failed to identify a second causative mutation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that single parkin mutations increase the risk of early-onset PD, but the possibility of a second parkin mutation cannot be excluded.
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Charles P, Camuzat A, Benammar N, Sellal F, Destée A, Bonnet AM, Lesage S, Le Ber I, Stevanin G, Dürr A, Brice A. Are interrupted SCA2 CAG repeat expansions responsible for parkinsonism? Neurology 2007; 69:1970-5. [PMID: 17568014 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000269323.21969.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant parkinsonism (ADP) is caused in a large percentage of familial and sporadic cases by mutations in the LRRK2 gene, particularly G2019S. It is also caused by mutations in genes associated with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), notably CAG/CAA repeat expansions in SCA2. METHODS We screened 164 families with ADP for expansions in the SCA2, 3, and 17 genes and for the G2019S mutation in LRRK2. The SCA2 CAG/CAA repeat expansion was sequenced to determine its structure. The phenotypes of patients with ADP caused by the SCA2, LRRK2, and unknown mutations were compared, as well as those of SCA2 patients with interrupted or uninterrupted expansions of the same size. RESULTS Three French ADP families had SCA2 mutations. The expansions ranged from 37 to 39 repeats and were interrupted and stable upon transmission. All patients (n = 9) had levodopa-responsive parkinsonism without cerebellar signs. They had significantly more symmetric signs and less rigidity than ADP caused by the G2019S mutation in LRRK2 or by unknown mutations. Interestingly, two sisters carrying both the SCA2 and the G2019S LRRK2 mutations had markedly earlier onset than their mother with only SCA2. In contrast, similar-sized but uninterrupted repeats were associated with ADCA in which cerebellar ataxia was constant and associated only rarely with one or more mild parkinsonian signs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the configuration of the SCA2 CAG/CAA repeat expansions plays an important role in phenotype variability. Uninterrupted SCA2 repeat expansions found in families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia result in somatic mosaicism and produce large hairpin RNAs, which may interact with double-stranded RNA-binding proteins. These characteristics are modified by interruption of the SCA2 repeat expansion as found in families with autosomal dominant parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Charles
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Paris, France
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Lesage S, Ibanez P, Lohmann E, Agid Y, Durr A, Brice A. The G2019SLRRK2 Mutation in Autosomal Dominant European and North African Parkinson's Disease is Frequent and its Penetrance is Age-Dependant: LBS.003. Neurology 2005. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.64.10.1826-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Laporte JP, Yeshurun M, Fouillard L, Labopin M, Cailliot C, Lesage S, Isnard F, Najman A, Gorin NC. A long-term follow-up of 33 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the BEAM high-dose intensification regimen with cytokine support only and no transplant. Leukemia 2004; 18:1717-21. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McDaniel TV, Martin PA, Ross N, Brown S, Lesage S, Pauli BD. Effects of chlorinated solvents on four species of North American amphibians. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 47:101-109. [PMID: 15346783 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-3015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a dry cleaning and degreasing solvent, can enter groundwater through accidental leaks or spills, and concentrations as high as 75 mg/L have been reported in Canadian aquifers. Amphibians in wetlands receiving contaminated groundwater may be exposed to PCE and its degradation products, but little information is available on the impacts of these compounds on indigenous amphibian species. Acute (96-h static renewal) exposures to PCE and its major degradation products, trichloroethylene (TCE) and cisand trans-dichloroethylene, were conducted on embryos of four North American amphibian species: wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), green frogs (R. clamitans), American toads (Bufo americanus), and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum). Subsequently, chronic exposures to PCE and TCE were conducted with the larvae of American toads. Both PCE and TCE were teratogenic to amphibian embryos; median effective concentrations (EC50s) for developmental deformities produced by PCE and TCE exposure for wood frogs and green frogs were 12 and 40 mg/L, respectively. Embryonic survivorship, however, was not compromised at these concentrations. American toads were less sensitive; the EC50 for developmental abnormalities was not attained at the highest test concentrations, 45 and 85 mg/L PCE and TCE, respectively. These results are pertinent in assessing the impact of groundwater pollution on an aquifer-fed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V McDaniel
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, P.O. Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
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Socha L, Silva D, Lesage S, Goodnow C, Petrovsky N. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonimmune diabetes: NOD.k iHEL, a novel model of beta cell death. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1005:178-83. [PMID: 14679055 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1288.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The final common pathway in diabetes development is beta cell apoptosis. We herein describe a novel diabetes model based on transgenic NOD.k iHEL mice, wherein male mice develop diabetes due to nonimmune-mediated beta cell death. Histology and electron microscopy confirm endoplasmic reticulum (ER) abnormalities that are consistent with endoplasmic stress caused by the HEL transgene. The NOD.k iHEL model may be particularly useful for studying mechanisms of beta cell death secondary to ER stress and also for testing potential therapies designed to protect beta cells from stress-induced apoptosis. The observation that only male NOD.k iHEL mice develop diabetes and exhibit ER abnormalities is intriguing and suggests these mice may be useful in deciphering the link between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Socha
- Autoimmunity Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
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Fouillard L, Bensidhoum M, Bories D, Bonte H, Lopez M, Moseley AM, Smith A, Lesage S, Beaujean F, Thierry D, Gourmelon P, Najman A, Gorin NC. Engraftment of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow of a patient with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia improves stroma. Leukemia 2003; 17:474-6. [PMID: 12592355 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2002] [Accepted: 09/16/2002] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zouali H, Lesage S, Merlin F, Cézard JP, Colombel JF, Belaiche J, Almer S, Tysk C, O'Morain C, Gassull M, Christensen S, Finkel Y, Modigliani R, Gower-Rousseau C, Macry J, Chamaillard M, Thomas G, Hugot JP. CARD4/NOD1 is not involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2003; 52:71-4. [PMID: 12477763 PMCID: PMC1773516 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex genetic disorders. CARD15/NOD2, a member of the Ced4 superfamily which includes Apaf-1 and CARD4/NOD1, has recently been associated with genetic predisposition to CD but additional genetic factors remain to be identified. Because CARD4/NOD1 shares many structural and functional similarities with CARD15, we tested its putative role in IBD. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 11 exons of CARD4 were screened for the presence of variants in 63 unrelated IBD patients. The only non-private genetic variation encoding for a substitution in the peptidic chain was genotyped in 381 IBD families (235 CD, 58 UC, 81 mixed, and seven indeterminate colitis families) using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure. Genotyping data were analysed by the transmission disequilibrium test. RESULTS Five of nine sequence variations identified in the coding sequence of the gene encoded for non-conservative changes (E266K, D372N, R705Q, T787M, and T787K). Four were present in only one family. The remaining variant (E266K), which exhibited an allele frequency of 0.28, was not associated with CD, UC, or IBD. Furthermore, IBD patients carrying sequence variations in their CARD4 gene had a similar phenotype to those with a normal sequence. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CARD4 does not play a major role in genetic susceptibility to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zouali
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
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Van Stempvoort DR, Lesage S, Novakowski KS, Millar K, Brown S, Lawrence JR. Humic acid enhanced remediation of an emplaced diesel source in groundwater. 1. Laboratory-based pilot scale test. J Contam Hydrol 2002; 54:249-76. [PMID: 11902158 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced solubility of petroleum-derived compounds in humic acid solutions is the basis for a new groundwater remediation technology. In this unique pilot-scale test, a stationary contaminant source consisting of diesel fuel was placed below the water table in a model sand aquifer (1.2 x 5.5 x 1.8-m deep) and flushed with water at a flow rate of 2 cm/h over 5 years. At 51 days, laboratory grade humic acid was added to the water and maintained at a level of approximately 0.8 g/l. The addition of humic acid had only a small impact on the aqueous transport of the BTEX components, which were rapidly dissolved from the diesel, but had a large effect on the flushing of PAHs, including methylated naphthalenes (MNs). Binding to aqueous humic acid enhanced the solubilization of MNs two- to tenfold. During aqueous transport, biodegradation of the BTEX and PAHs occurred, limiting the lateral and longitudinal extent of the diesel contaminant plume in the model aquifer. It appears that through enhanced solubilization, the overall biodegradation rate of the MNs was increased. As the various MNs were depleted from the diesel source, the MN plume shrank and then disappeared.
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Molson JW, Frind EO, Van Stempvoort DR, Lesage S. Humic acid enhanced remediation of an emplaced diesel source in groundwater. 2. Numerical model development and application. J Contam Hydrol 2002; 54:277-305. [PMID: 11902159 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A pilot scale experiment for humic acid-enhanced remediation of diesel fuel, described in Part 1 of this series, is numerically simulated in three dimensions. Groundwater flow, enhanced solubilization of the diesel source, and reactive transport of the dissolved contaminants and humic acid carrier are solved with a finite element Galerkin approach. The model (BIONAPL) is calibrated by comparing observed and simulated concentrations of seven diesel fuel components (BTEX and methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethylnaphthalene) over a 1500-day monitoring period. Data from supporting bench scale tests were used to estimate contaminant-carrier binding coefficients and to simulate two-site sorption of the carrier to the aquifer sand. The model accurately reproduced the humic acid-induced 10-fold increase in apparent solubility of trimethylnaphthalene. Solubility increases on the order of 2-5 were simulated for methylnaphthalene and dimethylnaphthalene, respectively. Under the experimental and simulated conditions, the residual 500-ml diesel source was almost completely dissolved and degraded within 5 years. Without humic acid flushing, the simulations show complete source dissolution would take about six times longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Molson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Zouali H, Chamaillard M, Lesage S, Cézard JP, Colombel JF, Belaiche J, Almer S, Tysk C, Montague S, Gassull M, Christensen S, Finkel Y, Gower-Rousseau C, Modigliani R, Macry J, Selinger-Leneman H, Thomas G, Hugot JP. Genetic refinement and physical mapping of a chromosome 16q candidate region for inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:731-42. [PMID: 11781683 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2001] [Revised: 06/29/2001] [Accepted: 07/03/2001] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder for which a susceptibility gene, IBD1, has been mapped within the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16. In order to refine the location of IBD1, 77 multiplex CD families were genotyped for 26 microsatellite markers evenly spaced by approximately 1 cM. Nonparametric linkage analyses exhibited a maximum NPL score of 3.49 (P=2.37x10(-4)) in a region centred by markers D16S3136, D16S3117 and D16S770. Simulation studies showed that the probability for IBD1 to be located in a 5 cM region around these markers was 70%. A 2.5 Mb YAC and BAC contig map spanning this genetic region on chromosome band 16q12 was built. TDT analyses demonstrated suggestive association between the 207 bp allele of D16S3136 (P<0.05) and a new biallellic marker hb27g11f-end (P=0.01). These markers were located in the hb27g11 and hb87b10 BAC clones from the contig. Taken together, the present results provide a crucial preliminary step before an exhaustive linkage disequilibrium mapping of putatively transcribed regions to identify IBD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zouali
- Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, Paris, France
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Lesage S, Zoller U. What is sustainable remediation? J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:vii-xiii. [PMID: 11597115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario
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Lesage S, Brown S, Millar K, Novakowski K. Humic acids enhanced removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated aquifers: developing a sustainable technology. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:1515-1533. [PMID: 11597111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by gasoline and diesel fuels is a threat to groundwater resources. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which can represent up to 60% of volume in diesel fuels are of particular concern because many of them are carcinogenic and they are persistent, especially in oxygen-limited environment. Despite the development of alternative approaches, pump and treat continues to be the leading technology for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by gasoline and diesel fuels. The efficiency of this technology is however limited by the low solubility of the aromatic hydrocarbons. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of humic acids on the removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum products in groundwater aquifers and to evaluate the potential use of humic acids, as a cost effective additive, in groundwater and soil remediation. In order to prove the feasibility of using humic acid in the field, a pilot scale experiment was conducted in a model aquifer with a very dense monitoring network, providing controlled conditions only possible in a semi-artificial system. In addition, different sources of humic acids were compared with surfactants for their ability to bind PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- Aquatic Ecosystem Remediation Project, National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario.
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Miceli-Richard C, Lesage S, Rybojad M, Prieur AM, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Häfner R, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, Thomas G, Hugot JP. CARD15 mutations in Blau syndrome. Nat Genet 2001; 29:19-20. [PMID: 11528384 DOI: 10.1038/ng720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have identified three missense mutations in the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of CARD15/NOD2 in four French and German families with Blau syndrome. Our findings indicate that, in addition to Crohn disease, CARD15 is involved in the susceptibility to a second granulomatous disorder.
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Abstract
Plate-bound monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are often used as a way of stimulating lymphocytes in vitro. Our observations show that the concentrations of mAb used in functional assays in vitro must be carefully assessed before conclusions are drawn about lymphocyte activation or co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- PROCREA BioSciences Inc., Division of Research and Development, 6100 Royalmount, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, Lesage S, Cézard JP, Belaiche J, Almer S, Tysk C, O'Morain CA, Gassull M, Binder V, Finkel Y, Cortot A, Modigliani R, Laurent-Puig P, Gower-Rousseau C, Macry J, Colombel JF, Sahbatou M, Thomas G. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001; 411:599-603. [PMID: 11385576 DOI: 10.1038/35079107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3811] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, are multifactorial conditions of unknown aetiology. A susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease has been mapped to chromosome 16. Here we have used a positional-cloning strategy, based on linkage analysis followed by linkage disequilibrium mapping, to identify three independent associations for Crohn's disease: a frameshift variant and two missense variants of NOD2, encoding a member of the Apaf-1/Ced-4 superfamily of apoptosis regulators that is expressed in monocytes. These NOD2 variants alter the structure of either the leucine-rich repeat domain of the protein or the adjacent region. NOD2 activates nuclear factor NF-kB; this activating function is regulated by the carboxy-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain, which has an inhibitory role and also acts as an intracellular receptor for components of microbial pathogens. These observations suggest that the NOD2 gene product confers susceptibility to Crohn's disease by altering the recognition of these components and/or by over-activating NF-kB in monocytes, thus documenting a molecular model for the pathogenic mechanism of Crohn's disease that can now be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hugot
- Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, 27 rue J. Dodu 75010 Paris, France
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41
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Isnard F, Guiguet M, Laporte JP, Zunic P, Elloumi M, Chéron N, Deloux J, Van Den Akker J, Lesage S, Fouillard L, Aoudjhane M, Lopez M, Douay L, Gorin NC, Najman A. Improved efficiency of remission induction facilitates autologous BMT harvesting and improves overall survival in adults with AML: 108 patients treated at a single institution. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 27:1045-52. [PMID: 11438819 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2000] [Accepted: 01/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A hundred and eight patients less than 60 years old with de novo acute myeloid leukemia were treated between 1982 and 1994 by protocols including final intensification with a transplant using autologous bone marrow purged by mafosfamide in first remission in the absence of an HLA-matched sibling donor available for allograft. From 1989, we attempted to improve tumor control by using high-dose anthracyclines in induction, by increasing from one to two the number of consolidation courses pre-transplant and by introducing intermediate doses of cytarabine in the first consolidation course. The CR rate was 77% (33/43) before 1989 and 90% (59/65) after 1989 (P = 0.06). Forty-five out of the 59 patients (76%) who achieved CR after 1989 could undergo bone marrow grafting in CR1 vs 16/33 (48%) before 1989 (P = 0.01). In spite of the higher proportion of patients above 50 years after 1989 (32%) toxicity was mild and an adequate graft was obtained more frequently after one collection. The principal factor relating to improvement in graft feasibility was the post-1989 modification of induction and consolidation regimens. This improvement in graft feasibility was associated with a better disease-free survival (DFS) (48 +/- 7% vs 32 +/- 8%, P = 0.04) and overall survival (OS) (53 +/- 6% vs 30 +/- 7%, P = 0.007) at 5 years. By multivariate analysis four factors were associated with overall survival (OS): karyotype, white blood cell count at diagnosis, treatment regimen and bone marrow grafting in CR1. This global approach should be prospectively compared with intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Isnard
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Hòpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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42
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Lesage S, Zouali H, Colombel JF, Belaiche J, Cézard JP, Tysk C, Almer S, Gassull M, Binder V, Chamaillard M, Le Gall I, Thomas G, Hugot JP. Genetic analyses of chromosome 12 loci in Crohn's disease. Gut 2000; 47:787-91. [PMID: 11076876 PMCID: PMC1728139 DOI: 10.1136/gut.47.6.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which are multifactorial diseases involving the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. A region on chromosome 12 centred around the marker locus D12S83 has previously been associated with IBD predisposition. The aim of the study was to investigate this genetic region in an independent panel of European families affected by Crohn's disease. METHODS A sample of 95 families with two or more affected relatives and 75 simplex nuclear families were genotyped for 19 microsatellite loci located on chromosome 12. A search for linkage and linkage disequilibrium was performed using non-parametric two point and multipoint analyses with the Analyze and Genehunter packages. RESULTS No evidence of linkage or linkage disequilibrium was observed for any of the marker loci, including D12S83 (p=0.35 for the two point linkage test). Multipoint linkage analysis also failed to reveal positive linkage on chromosome 12. Power calculations allowed us to reject the hypothesis that the genetic region of chromosome 12 centred on D12S83 contains a susceptibility locus with a relative risk (lambda(s)) equal to or greater than 2.0 in these families. CONCLUSION Failure to detect linkage or linkage disequilibrium in these families suggests that the chromosome 12 locus previously reported to be associated with genetic predisposition to IBD does not play a role in all European family samples. This observation is compatible with heterogeneity in the genetic basis of susceptibility to the disease and/or exposure to various environmental factors among Caucasian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- Fondation Jean Dausset/CEPH and Unité INSERM 434, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
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43
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Abstract
The CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase regulates Ag receptor signaling in T and B cells. In the absence of CD45, TCR coupling to downstream signaling cascades is profoundly reduced. Moreover, in CD45-null mice, the maturation of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes into CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ thymocytes is severely impaired. These findings suggest that thymic selection may not proceed normally in CD45-null mice, and may be biased in favor of thymocytes expressing TCRs with strong reactivity toward self-MHC-peptide ligands to compensate for debilitated TCR signaling. To test this possibility, we purified peripheral T cells from CD45-null mice and fused them with the BWalpha-beta- thymoma to generate hybridomas expressing normal levels of TCR and CD45. The reactivity of these hybridomas to self or foreign MHC-peptide complexes was assessed by measuring the amount of IL-2 secreted upon stimulation with syngeneic or allogeneic splenocytes. A very high proportion (55%) of the hybridomas tested reacted against syngeneic APCs, indicating that the majority of T cells in CD45-null mice express TCRs with high avidity for self-MHC-peptide ligands, and are thus potentially autoreactive. Furthermore, a large proportion of TCRs selected in CD45-null mice (H-2b) were also shown to display reactivity toward closely related MHC-peptide complexes, such as H-2bm12. These results support the notion that modulating the strength of TCR-mediated signals can alter the outcome of thymic selection, and demonstrate that CD45, by molding the window of affinity/avidity for positive and negative selection, directly participates in the shaping of the T cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trop
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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44
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Gorin NC, Labopin M, Laporte JP, Douay L, Lopez M, Lesage S, Fouillard L, Isnard F, Jouet JP, Bellal N, Perot C, Van Den Akker J, Bauters F, Najman A. Importance of marrow dose on posttransplant outcome in acute leukemia: models derived from patients autografted with mafosfamide-purged marrow at a single institution. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:1822-30. [PMID: 10641600 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several prospective randomized trials in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) documented a lower relapse rate with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) than with conventional chemotherapy. However, they also identified some transplant difficulties, such as failure to collect sufficient numbers of stem cells, slow kinetics of engraftment, and a high transplant-related mortality that diminished or negated positive impact on overall survival. Data for ABMT are inconclusive in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in adults. We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute leukemia autografted with marrow purged with mafosfamide after January 1983 in our institution. The population comprised 229 consecutive patients; 165 with AML [123 in first remission (CR1), 32 in second remission (CR2)]; 61 with ALL (46 in CR1, 4 in CR2); and 3 with undifferentiated acute leukemia. All patients were autografted with marrow purged with mafosfamide. Mafosfamide was given at a constant dose of 50 microg/mL in 103 and adjusted individually to produce a CFU-GM LD 95 (5% residual CFU-GM post purging) in 126. The outcome was analyzed for correlation with patient characteristics, the disease including cytogenetics, and the graft itself. Prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis were used to derive a prognostic classification. Patients receiving higher doses of marrow submitted to purging (>5.46 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg) experienced a lower treatment-related mortality (RR = 0.11, p = 0.005) and a higher leukemia-free (RR = 0.5, p = 0.005) and overall survival (RR = 0.4, p = 0.001). Patients receiving <0.004% CFU-GM of marrow actually infused post purging had a lower relapse rate (RR = 0.51, p = 0.003). Modeling of prognostic groups identified good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk categories. Patients receiving a stem cell dose evaluated before purging of >5.46 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg and doses actually infused post purging of < or =0.02 x 10(4)/kg had a treatment-related mortality of only 2+/-2%, a leukemia-free survival of 70%, and an overall survival of 77+/-7% at 10 years. In this study of autotransplantation for acute leukemia using mafosfamide-purged marrow, the stem cell dose used for purging and the intensity of purging were the most important factors predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Gorin
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, Centre de Recherche Claude-Bernard, Université Paris VI et Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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45
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Fouillard L, Laporte J, Douay L, Lesage S, Najman A, Gourmelon P, Gorin NC. In vivo expansion of reinfused autologous peripheral blood stem cells after a myeloablative regimen, as an alternative to ex vivo expansion pretransplantation: an intriguing observation in apatient autografted twice. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:1151-2. [PMID: 10578167 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex disorders. While the exact etiology of these diseases remains unknown, recent progress in the epidemiology and genetics of IBD has clearly demonstrated both environmental and genetic factors to play a role in the development of the disease, and it is expected that some risk factors are common for both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The environmental factor(s) are associated with the Western way of life in the second half of the twentieth century. Cigarette smoking is presently the best known environmental factor. However, the effect of tobacco is opposite in CD and UC. A familial history of IBD is the most important risk factor for developing the disease, suggesting a genetic predisposition to IBD. This hypothesis has recently been confirmed by the localization of at least two susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 16. These genes seem to play a role in both CD and UC. They must now to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hugot
- INSERM U434 et Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France.
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47
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Coppo P, Laporte JP, Aoudjhane M, Lebon P, Isnard F, Lesage S, Gorin NC, Najman A. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB5). Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23:401-3. [PMID: 10100586 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy is an opportunistic JC virus-related pathology occurring in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of severe cellular immunodeficiency in a patient who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia, and who subsequently developed progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, an unusual pathology in this context. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy was preceded by a peripheral demyelinating neuropathy. We discuss the possible link between these two neuropathies, the possible aggravation or activation from CMV infection, as well as the possible contribution of bone marrow purging in the resultant cellular immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Coppo
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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48
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Fouillard L, Laporte JP, Labopin M, Lesage S, Isnard F, Douay L, Lopez M, Aoudjhane M, Zunic P, Cheron N, Stachowiak J, Lemonnier MP, Andreu G, Belkacemi Y, Noël-Walter MP, Morel P, Fenaux P, Jouet JP, Bauters F, Najman A, Gorin NC. Autologous stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: the role of graft purging and radiotherapy posttransplantation--results of a retrospective analysis on 120 patients autografted in a single institution. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2803-16. [PMID: 9704733 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.8.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze retrospectively survival and prognostic factors of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) autografted from 1979 to 1995 in a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 120 patients, 64 with aggressive and 56 with low-grade NHL, were autografted. The carmustine (BCNU), etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) regimen was used in 104. The autograft was marrow in 101 patients. Marrow was purged in vitro by mafosfamide for 63 patients (adjusted dose [AD] in 32; unique dose [UD] in 31); 27 patients received a CD34+-selected graft. Following intensification, 45 patients received additional radiotherapy on previous sites of involvement. RESULTS Outcome at 5 years for patients transplanted with low-grade NHL in first complete remission (CR1), in first partial remission (PR1), and in second complete remission (CR2) or beyond showed an event-free survival (EFS) of 75% +/- 12%, 46% +/- 18%, and 57% +/- 24%, a relapse incidence (RI) of 21% +/- 12%, 49% +/- 19%, and 43% +/- 25%, and a transplant-related mortality (TRM) of 5% +/- 5%, 10% +/- 7%, and 0%, respectively. For patients with aggressive NHL transplanted in CR1, in PR1, in CR2 or beyond, and in resistant relapse or in primary refractory disease, the EFS was of 73% +/- 9%, 58% +/- 19%, 29% +/- 16%, and 10% +/- 9%, the RI 22% +/- 9%, 14% +/- 9%, 77% +/- 18%, and 66% +/- 20%, and the TRM 6% +/- 6%, 32% +/- 21%, 11% +/- 10%, and 71% +/- 22%, respectively. In patients autografted upfront in first remission, additional radiotherapy was associated with a higher EFS, in univariate (P = .03) and multivariate analysis (P = .02, relative risk [RR] = .021). The role of graft purging with mafosfamide on the outcome reflected by the dose of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) per kilogram infused postpurging was assessed by univariate analysis: patients in first remission who received lower doses of CFU-GM had a lower RI and a higher EFS. CONCLUSION This retrospective analysis suggests that marrow purging and posttransplant radiotherapy improve the outcome of patients with NHL autografted in first remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fouillard
- Service des Maladies du Sang, and Etablissement de transfusion Sanguine Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
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49
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Laporte JP, Lesage S, Portnoï MF, Landman J, Rubinstein P, Najman A, Gorin NC. Unrelated mismatched cord blood transplantation in patients with hematological malignancies: a single institution experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 22 Suppl 1:S76-7. [PMID: 9715897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on six cases of unrelated UCB transplant in adult patients with hematological malignancies: three chronic myelocytic leukemias and three acute leukemias. Their median age and body weight were respectively: 28 years (range 15.5-40) and 55.5 kg (range 46-90). The cord blood units were from the New York Blood Center. The median number of nuclear cells provided, evaluated before thawing, was 2.1 x 10(7)/kg (range 1 x 10(7)/kg-4.7 x 10(7)/kg). The degree of HLA disparity was 1/6: two patients, 2/6: three patients, 3/6: one patient. The patients received a pretransplant regimen including total body irradiation. They were given graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis which consisted of cyclosporin A and corticosteroids. They were all given a combination of G-CSF and erythropoietin. The median time of white blood cell and platelet reconstitution were respectively 24 days (range 12-43) and 60 days (range 23-90). All the patients had a full chimerism. A grade I acute GVHD was observed in four patients and two patients do not have any GVHD. No chronic GVHD has been observed yet. Three patients died from toxicity. Three patients are alive and well in complete remission at 2 years, 1 year and 11 months post-graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Laporte
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
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50
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Lesage S, Steff AM, Philippoussis F, Pagé M, Trop S, Mateo V, Hugo P. CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes are preferentially induced to die following CD45 cross-linking, through a novel apoptotic pathway. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.10.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ligation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 on both mature and immature T cells modulates the amplitude of TCR-mediated signals. In this work, we have evaluated the consequences of CD45 ligation on immature T cells, in the absence of TCR engagement. Cross-linking of CD45 on thymocytes by mAbs led to the induction of cellular death, characterized by a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi(m)), production of reactive oxygen species, loss in membrane asymmetry, exposure of phosphatidylserine residues, and incorporation of vital dyes. In sharp contrast to most stimuli causing thymocyte death, CD45 cross-linking did not lead to DNA degradation. Cell death was not blocked by Bcl-2 overexpression or treatment with caspase inhibitor. However, death was inhibited by the addition of scavengers of reactive oxygen species. We also established that susceptibility to CD45-mediated death is acquired during the transition of early CD4- CD8- TCR- T cell precursors into CD4+ CD8+ TCR- thymocytes and is increased with further acquisition of surface TCR on these cells. Moreover, mature thymocytes were much less sensitive to CD45 cross-linking than CD4+ CD8+ cells. We propose that during T cell development, CD45 ligation could induce the death of those immature thymocytes that do not fulfill the requirements for positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lesage
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A M Steff
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - F Philippoussis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Pagé
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Trop
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - V Mateo
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - P Hugo
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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