1
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Motter JD, Hussain S, Brown DM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Gilbert AJ, Stock P, Mehta S, Mehta SA, Stosor V, Elias N, Pereira MR, Haidar G, Malinis M, Morris MI, Hand J, Aslam S, Schaenman JM, Baddley J, Small CB, Wojciechowski D, Santos CA, Blumberg EA, Odim J, Apewokin SK, Giorgakis E, Bowring MG, Werbel WA, Desai NM, Tobian AA, Segev DL, Massie AB, Durand CM. Wait Time Advantage for Transplant Candidates With HIV Who Accept Kidneys From Donors With HIV Under the HOPE Act. Transplantation 2024; 108:759-767. [PMID: 38012862 PMCID: PMC11037099 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant (KT) candidates with HIV face higher mortality on the waitlist compared with candidates without HIV. Because the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act has expanded the donor pool to allow donors with HIV (D + ), it is crucial to understand whether this has impacted transplant rates for this population. METHODS Using a linkage between the HOPE in Action trial (NCT03500315) and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified 324 candidates listed for D + kidneys (HOPE) compared with 46 025 candidates not listed for D + kidneys (non-HOPE) at the same centers between April 26, 2018, and May 24, 2022. We characterized KT rate, KT type (D + , false-positive [FP; donor with false-positive HIV testing], D - [donor without HIV], living donor [LD]) and quantified the association between HOPE enrollment and KT rate using multivariable Cox regression with center-level clustering; HOPE was a time-varying exposure. RESULTS HOPE candidates were more likely male individuals (79% versus 62%), Black (73% versus 35%), and publicly insured (71% versus 52%; P < 0.001). Within 4.5 y, 70% of HOPE candidates received a KT (41% D + , 34% D - , 20% FP, 4% LD) versus 43% of non-HOPE candidates (74% D - , 26% LD). Conversely, 22% of HOPE candidates versus 39% of non-HOPE candidates died or were removed from the waitlist. Median KT wait time was 10.3 mo for HOPE versus 60.8 mo for non-HOPE candidates ( P < 0.001). After adjustment, HOPE candidates had a 3.30-fold higher KT rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.30, 95% confidence interval, 2.14-5.10; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Listing for D + kidneys within HOPE trials was associated with a higher KT rate and shorter wait time, supporting the expansion of this practice for candidates with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane M. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sander Florman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Peter Stock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michele I. Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan Hand
- Department of Medicine, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joanna M. Schaenman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John Baddley
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Senu K. Apewokin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emmanouil Giorgakis
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mary Grace Bowring
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Niraj M. Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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2
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Ali NM, Herati RS, Mehta SA, Leonard J, Miles J, Lonze BE, DiMaggio C, Tatapudi VS, Stewart ZA, Alnazari N, Neumann HJ, Thomas J, Cartiera K, Weldon E, Michael J, Hickson C, Whiteson H, Khalil K, Stern JM, Allen JR, Tuen M, Gray-Gaillard SL, Solis SM, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Montgomery RA. Immune response, phenotyping and molecular graft surveillance in kidney transplant recipients following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14122. [PMID: 37707287 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding immunogenicity and alloimmune risk following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in kidney transplant recipients is imperative to understanding the correlates of protection and to inform clinical guidelines. METHODS We studied 50 kidney transplant recipients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and quantified their anti-spike protein antibody, donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA), gene expression profiling (GEP), and alloantibody formation. RESULTS Participants were stratified using nucleocapsid testing as either SARS-CoV-2-naïve or experienced prior to vaccination. One of 34 (3%) SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants developed anti-spike protein antibodies. In contrast, the odds ratio for the association of a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection with vaccine response was 18.3 (95% confidence interval 3.2, 105.0, p < 0.01). Pre- and post-vaccination levels did not change for median dd-cfDNA (0.23% vs. 0.21% respectively, p = 0.13), GEP scores (9.85 vs. 10.4 respectively, p = 0.45), calculated panel reactive antibody, de-novo donor specific antibody status, or estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not appear to trigger alloimmunity in kidney transplant recipients. The degree of vaccine immunogenicity was associated most strongly with a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ali
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jake Miles
- Medical Affairs, CareDx, Inc, Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Bonnie E Lonze
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles DiMaggio
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vasishta S Tatapudi
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zoe A Stewart
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Henry J Neumann
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Elaina Weldon
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen Khalil
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Stern
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph R Allen
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Sabrina M Solis
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Benner SE, Zhu X, Hussain S, Florman S, Eby Y, Fernandez RE, Ostrander D, Rana M, Ottmann S, Hand J, Price JC, Pereira MR, Wojciechowski D, Simkins J, Stosor V, Mehta SA, Aslam S, Malinis M, Haidar G, Massie A, Smith ML, Odim J, Morsheimer M, Quinn TC, Laird GM, Siliciano R, Balagopal A, Segev DL, Durand CM, Redd AD, Tobian AAR. HIV-Positive Liver Transplant Does not Alter the Latent Viral Reservoir in Recipients With Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed HIV. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1274-1279. [PMID: 37379584 PMCID: PMC10629701 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The latent viral reservoir (LVR) remains a major barrier to HIV-1 curative strategies. It is unknown whether receiving a liver transplant from a donor with HIV might lead to an increase in the LVR because the liver is a large lymphoid organ. We found no differences in intact provirus, defective provirus, or the ratio of intact to defective provirus between recipients with ART-suppressed HIV who received a liver from a donor with (n = 19) or without HIV (n = 10). All measures remained stable from baseline by 1 year posttransplant. These data demonstrate that the LVR is stable after liver transplantation in people with HIV. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02602262 and NCT03734393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Benner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reinaldo E Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darin Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shane Ottmann
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Hand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcus R Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Wojciechowski
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Simkins
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan Massie
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Morsheimer
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robert Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Moazami N, Stern JM, Khalil K, Kim JI, Narula N, Mangiola M, Weldon EP, Kagermazova L, James L, Lawson N, Piper GL, Sommer PM, Reyentovich A, Bamira D, Saraon T, Kadosh BS, DiVita M, Goldberg RI, Hussain ST, Chan J, Ngai J, Jan T, Ali NM, Tatapudi VS, Segev DL, Bisen S, Jaffe IS, Piegari B, Kowalski H, Kokkinaki M, Monahan J, Sorrells L, Burdorf L, Boeke JD, Pass H, Goparaju C, Keating B, Ayares D, Lorber M, Griesemer A, Mehta SA, Smith DE, Montgomery RA. Pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation in two recently deceased human recipients. Nat Med 2023; 29:1989-1997. [PMID: 37488288 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified xenografts are one of the most promising solutions to the discrepancy between the numbers of available human organs for transplantation and potential recipients. To date, a porcine heart has been implanted into only one human recipient. Here, using 10-gene-edited pigs, we transplanted porcine hearts into two brain-dead human recipients and monitored xenograft function, hemodynamics and systemic responses over the course of 66 hours. Although both xenografts demonstrated excellent cardiac function immediately after transplantation and continued to function for the duration of the study, cardiac function declined postoperatively in one case, attributed to a size mismatch between the donor pig and the recipient. For both hearts, we confirmed transgene expression and found no evidence of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection, as assessed using histology, flow cytometry and a cytotoxic crossmatch assay. Moreover, we found no evidence of zoonotic transmission from the donor pigs to the human recipients. While substantial additional work will be needed to advance this technology to human trials, these results indicate that pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation can be performed successfully without hyperacute rejection or zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Moazami
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Stern
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Khalil
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Kim
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangiola
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaina P Weldon
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larisa Kagermazova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Les James
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikki Lawson
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greta L Piper
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip M Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Reyentovich
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Bamira
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tajinderpal Saraon
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernard S Kadosh
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael DiVita
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randal I Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Syed T Hussain
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Chan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennie Ngai
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Jan
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole M Ali
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shivani Bisen
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian S Jaffe
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Piegari
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haley Kowalski
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jef D Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandra Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marc Lorber
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Adam Griesemer
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deane E Smith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Mehta SA, Saharia KK, Nellore A, Blumberg EA, Fishman JA. Infection and clinical xenotransplantation: Guidance from the Infectious Disease Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:309-315. [PMID: 36695690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This guidance was developed to summarize current approaches to the potential transmission of swine-derived organisms to xenograft recipients, health care providers, or the public in clinical xenotransplantation. Limited specific data are available on the zoonotic potential of pig pathogens. It is anticipated that the risk of zoonotic infection in xenograft recipients will be determined by organisms present in source animals and relate to the nature and intensity of the immunosuppression used to maintain xenograft function. Based on experience in allotransplantation and with preclinical models, viral infections are of greatest concern, including porcine cytomegalovirus, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus, and porcine endogenous retroviruses. Sensitive and specific microbiological assays are required for routine microbiological surveillance of source animals and xenograft recipients. Archiving of blood samples from recipients, contacts, and hospital staff may provide a basis for microbiological investigations if infectious syndromes develop. Carefully implemented infection control practices are required to prevent zoonotic pathogen exposures by clinical care providers. Informed consent practices for recipients and their close contacts must convey the lack of specific data for infectious risk assessment. Available data suggest that infectious risks of xenotransplantation are manageable and that clinical trials can advance with carefully developed protocols for pretransplant assessment, syndrome evaluation, and microbiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, NYU Langone Transplant Institute and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kapil K Saharia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anoma Nellore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay A Fishman
- Transplant and Compromised Host Infectious Disease Program and MGH Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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6
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Benner SE, Eby Y, Zhu X, Fernandez RE, Patel EU, Ruff JE, Habtehyimer F, Schmidt HA, Kirby CS, Hussain S, Ostrander D, Desai NM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Pereira MR, Mehta S, Stock P, Gilbert A, Morris MI, Stosor V, Mehta SA, Small CB, Ranganna K, Santos CA, Aslam S, Husson J, Malinis M, Elias N, Blumberg EA, Doby BL, Massie AB, Smith ML, Odim J, Quinn TC, Laird GM, Siliciano RF, Segev DL, Redd AD, Durand CM, Tobian AA. The effect of induction immunosuppression for kidney transplant on the latent HIV reservoir. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162968. [PMID: 36345940 PMCID: PMC9675561 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV latent viral reservoir (LVR) remains a major challenge in the effort to find a cure for HIV. There is interest in lymphocyte-depleting agents, used in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation to reduce the LVR. This study evaluated the LVR and T cell receptor repertoire in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients using intact proviral DNA assay and T cell receptor sequencing in patients receiving lymphocyte-depleting or lymphocyte-nondepleting immunosuppression induction therapy. CD4+ T cells and intact and defective provirus frequencies decreased following lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy but rebounded to near baseline levels within 1 year after induction. In contrast, these biomarkers were relatively stable over time in the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. The lymphocyte-depleting group had early TCRβ repertoire turnover and newly detected and expanded clones compared with the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. No differences were observed in TCRβ clonality and repertoire richness between groups. These findings suggest that, even with significant decreases in the overall size of the circulating LVR, the reservoir can be reconstituted in a relatively short period of time. These results, while from a relatively unique population, suggest that curative strategies aimed at depleting the HIV LVR will need to achieve specific and durable levels of HIV-infected T cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reinaldo E. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eshan U. Patel
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Feben Habtehyimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darin Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Niraj M. Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michele I. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karthik Ranganna
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos A.Q. Santos
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Husson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brianna L. Doby
- Positive Rhetoric LLC, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health, Education, and Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa L. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Schrank GM, Sick-Samuels A, Bleasdale SC, Jacob JT, Dantes R, Gokhale RH, Mayer J, Mehrotra P, Mehta SA, Mena Lora AJ, Ray SM, Rhee C, Salinas JL, Seo SK, Shane AL, Nadimpalli G, Milstone AM, Robinson G, Brown CH, Harris AD, Leekha S. Development and evaluation of a structured guide to assess the preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 43:1326-1332. [PMID: 35086601 PMCID: PMC9472698 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), we developed and evaluated a structured rating guide accounting for intrinsic patient and extrinsic healthcare-related risks. DESIGN HOB preventability rating guide was compared against a reference standard expert panel. PARTICIPANTS A 10-member panel of clinical experts was assembled as the standard of preventability assessment, and 2 physician reviewers applied the rating guide for comparison. METHODS The expert panel independently rated 82 hypothetical HOB scenarios using a 6-point Likert scale collapsed into 3 categories: preventable, uncertain, or not preventable. Consensus was defined as concurrence on the same category among ≥70% experts. Scenarios without consensus were deliberated and followed by a second round of rating.Two reviewers independently applied the rating guide to adjudicate the same 82 scenarios in 2 rounds, with interim revisions. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the κ (kappa) statistic. RESULTS Expert panel consensus criteria were met for 52 scenarios (63%) after 2 rounds.After 2 rounds, guide-based rating matched expert panel consensus in 40 of 52 (77%) and 39 of 52 (75%) cases for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively. Agreement rates between the 2 reviewers were 84% overall (κ, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.88]) and 87% (κ, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94) for the 52 scenarios with expert consensus. CONCLUSIONS Preventability ratings of HOB scenarios by 2 reviewers using a rating guide matched expert consensus in most cases with moderately high interreviewer reliability. Although diversity of expert opinions and uncertainty of preventability merit further exploration, this is a step toward standardized assessment of HOB preventability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Schrank
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna Sick-Samuels
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan C Bleasdale
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jesse T Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raymund Dantes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Runa H Gokhale
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanmarie Mayer
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Preeti Mehrotra
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alfredo J Mena Lora
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan M Ray
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chanu Rhee
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Susan K Seo
- Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andi L Shane
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gita Nadimpalli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gwen Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clayton H Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Surbhi Leekha
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Montgomery RA, Mehta SA, Parent B, Griesemer A. Next steps for the xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans. Nat Med 2022; 28:1533-1536. [PMID: 35941375 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Parent
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Griesemer
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Werbel WA, Brown DM, Kusemiju OT, Doby BL, Seaman SM, Redd AD, Eby Y, Fernandez RE, Desai NM, Miller J, Bismut GA, Kirby CS, Schmidt HA, Clarke WA, Seisa M, Petropoulos CJ, Quinn TC, Florman SS, Huprikar S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco RJ, Mehta AK, Stock PG, Price JC, Stosor V, Mehta SG, Gilbert AJ, Elias N, Morris MI, Mehta SA, Small CB, Haidar G, Malinis M, Husson JS, Pereira MR, Gupta G, Hand J, Kirchner VA, Agarwal A, Aslam S, Blumberg EA, Wolfe CR, Myer K, Wood RP, Neidlinger N, Strell S, Shuck M, Wilkins H, Wadsworth M, Motter JD, Odim J, Segev DL, Durand CM, Tobian AAR. National Landscape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Deceased Organ Donors in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:2010-2019. [PMID: 34453519 PMCID: PMC9187316 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ transplantation from donors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to recipients with HIV (HIV D+/R+) presents risks of donor-derived infections. Understanding clinical, immunologic, and virologic characteristics of HIV-positive donors is critical for safety. METHODS We performed a prospective study of donors with HIV-positive and HIV false-positive (FP) test results within the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act in Action studies of HIV D+/R+ transplantation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02602262, NCT03500315, and NCT03734393). We compared clinical characteristics in HIV-positive versus FP donors. We measured CD4 T cells, HIV viral load (VL), drug resistance mutations (DRMs), coreceptor tropism, and serum antiretroviral therapy (ART) detection, using mass spectrometry in HIV-positive donors. RESULTS Between March 2016 and March 2020, 92 donors (58 HIV positive, 34 FP), representing 98.9% of all US HOPE donors during this period, donated 177 organs (131 kidneys and 46 livers). Each year the number of donors increased. The prevalence of hepatitis B (16% vs 0%), syphilis (16% vs 0%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV; 91% vs 58%) was higher in HIV-positive versus FP donors; the prevalences of hepatitis C viremia were similar (2% vs 6%). Most HIV-positive donors (71%) had a known HIV diagnosis, of whom 90% were prescribed ART and 68% had a VL <400 copies/mL. The median CD4 T-cell count (interquartile range) was 194/µL (77-331/µL), and the median CD4 T-cell percentage was 27.0% (16.8%-36.1%). Major HIV DRMs were detected in 42%, including nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (33%), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (4%), and multiclass (13%). Serum ART was detected in 46% and matched ART by history. CONCLUSION The use of HIV-positive donor organs is increasing. HIV DRMs are common, yet resistance that would compromise integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimens is rare, which is reassuring regarding safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Werbel
- Correspondence: W. A. Werbel, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, PCTB/Second Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205 ()
| | - Diane M Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oyinkansola T Kusemiju
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brianna L Doby
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanti M Seaman
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reinaldo E Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Niraj M Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jernelle Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilad A Bismut
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles S Kirby
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haley A Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Seisa
- Laboratory Corporation of America (LabCorp), South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Shirish Huprikar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Meenakshi M Rana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rachel J Friedman-Moraco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter G Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Division of Infectious Disease and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shikha G Mehta
- Section of Transplant Nephrology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexander J Gilbert
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele I Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine B Small
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer S Husson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus R Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Hand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron R Wolfe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - R Patrick Wood
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nikole Neidlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- UW Health Organ Procurement Organization, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Strell
- UW Health Organ Procurement Organization, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer D Motter
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - HOPE in Action Investigators
PiquantDominqueLinkKatherineRNHemmersbach-MillerMarionMD, PhDPearsonThomasMDTurgeonNicoleMDLyonG MarshallMD, MMScKitchensWilliamMD PhDHuckabyJerylMSCRA, CCRCLasseterA FrancieRNElbeinRivkaRN, BSNRobersonAprilRNFerryElizabethRNKlockEthanBSCochranWilla VCRNPMorrisonMichelleBSNRasmussenSarahBABollingerJuliMSSugarmanJeremyMDSmithAngela RMBAThomasMargaretBSCoakleyMargaretRNTimponeJosephMDStuckeAlyssaBSHaydelBrandyDieterRebeccaPharmDKleinElizabeth JBANeumannHenryMDGallonLorenzoMDGoudyLeahRNCallegariMichelleMarrazzoIliseRN, BSN, MPHJacksonTowandaPruettTimothyMDFarnsworthMaryCCRCLockeJayme EMD, MPH, FACS, FASTMompoint-WilliamsDarnellCRNP, DNPBasingerKatherineRN, CCRPMekeelKristinMDNguyenPhirumBSKwanJoanneSrisengfaTabChin-HongPeterMDRogersRodneySimkinsJacquesMDMunozCarlosCRCDunnTyMDSawinskiDierdreMDSilveiraFernandaMDHughesKaileyMPHPakstisDiana LynnRN, BSN, MBANagyJamieBABaldecchiMaryMuthukumarThangamaniMDEddieMelissa DMS, RNRobbKatharineRNSalsgiverElizabethMPHWittingBrittaBSAzarMarwan MVillanuevaMerceditasFormicaRichardTomlinRicardaBS, CCRP
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Montgomery RA, Stern JM, Lonze BE, Tatapudi VS, Mangiola M, Wu M, Weldon E, Lawson N, Deterville C, Dieter RA, Sullivan B, Boulton G, Parent B, Piper G, Sommer P, Cawthon S, Duggan E, Ayares D, Dandro A, Fazio-Kroll A, Kokkinaki M, Burdorf L, Lorber M, Boeke JD, Pass H, Keating B, Griesemer A, Ali NM, Mehta SA, Stewart ZA. Results of Two Cases of Pig-to-Human Kidney Xenotransplantation. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1889-1898. [PMID: 35584156 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become one of the most promising solutions to the dearth of human organs available for transplantation. The challenge in this model has been hyperacute rejection. To avoid this, pigs have been bred with a knockout of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene and with subcapsular autologous thymic tissue. METHODS We transplanted kidneys from these genetically modified pigs into two brain-dead human recipients whose circulatory and respiratory activity was maintained on ventilators for the duration of the study. We performed serial biopsies and monitored the urine output and kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to assess renal function and xenograft rejection. RESULTS The xenograft in both recipients began to make urine within moments after reperfusion. Over the 54-hour study, the kinetic eGFR increased from 23 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area before transplantation to 62 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 after transplantation in Recipient 1 and from 55 to 109 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 in Recipient 2. In both recipients, the creatinine level, which had been at a steady state, decreased after implantation of the xenograft, from 1.97 to 0.82 mg per deciliter in Recipient 1 and from 1.10 to 0.57 mg per deciliter in Recipient 2. The transplanted kidneys remained pink and well-perfused, continuing to make urine throughout the study. Biopsies that were performed at 6, 24, 48, and 54 hours revealed no signs of hyperacute or antibody-mediated rejection. Hourly urine output with the xenograft was more than double the output with the native kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Genetically modified kidney xenografts from pigs remained viable and functioning in brain-dead human recipients for 54 hours, without signs of hyperacute rejection. (Funded by Lung Biotechnology.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Montgomery
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Jeffrey M Stern
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Bonnie E Lonze
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Vasishta S Tatapudi
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Massimo Mangiola
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Ming Wu
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Elaina Weldon
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Nikki Lawson
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Cecilia Deterville
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Rebecca A Dieter
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Brigitte Sullivan
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Gabriella Boulton
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Brendan Parent
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Greta Piper
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Philip Sommer
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Samantha Cawthon
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Erin Duggan
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - David Ayares
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Amy Dandro
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Ana Fazio-Kroll
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Maria Kokkinaki
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Lars Burdorf
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Marc Lorber
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Jef D Boeke
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Harvey Pass
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Brendan Keating
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Adam Griesemer
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Nicole M Ali
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
| | - Zoe A Stewart
- From the New York University (NYU) Langone Transplant Institute (R.A.M., J.M.S., B.E.L., V.S.T., M.M., E.W., N.L., C.D., R.A.D., B.S., G.B., G.P., N.M.A., S.A.M., Z.A.S.), the Departments of Pathology (M.W.), Anesthesia (P.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (J.D.B.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.P.), and the Institute for Systems Genetics (J.D.B.), NYU Langone Health, the Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics (B.P.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine (S.C.), and the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and the Department of Surgery, Columbia University (E.D., A.G.) - all in New York; Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA (D.A., A.D., A.F.-K., M.K., L.B.); United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD (M.L.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.K.)
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11
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Sivasailam B, Rudym D, Latorre M, Mehta SA. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a lung transplant recipient. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1272-1274. [PMID: 35373524 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darya Rudym
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Sapna A Mehta
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York
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12
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Durand CM, Florman S, Motter JD, Brown D, Ostrander D, Yu S, Liang T, Werbel WA, Cameron A, Ottmann S, Hamilton JP, Redd AD, Bowring MG, Eby Y, Fernandez RE, Doby B, Labo N, Whitby D, Miley W, Friedman-Moraco R, Turgeon N, Price JC, Chin-Hong P, Stock P, Stosor V, Kirchner V, Pruett T, Wojciechowski D, Elias N, Wolfe C, Quinn TC, Odim J, Morsheimer M, Mehta SA, Rana MM, Huprikar S, Massie A, Tobian AA, Segev DL. HOPE in action: A prospective multicenter pilot study of liver transplantation from donors with HIV to recipients with HIV. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:853-864. [PMID: 34741800 PMCID: PMC9997133 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) from donors-with-HIV to recipients-with-HIV (HIV D+/R+) is permitted under the HOPE Act. There are only three international single-case reports of HIV D+/R+ LT, each with limited follow-up. We performed a prospective multicenter pilot study comparing HIV D+/R+ to donors-without-HIV to recipients-with-HIV (HIV D-/R+) LT. We quantified patient survival, graft survival, rejection, serious adverse events (SAEs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) breakthrough, infections, and malignancies, using Cox and negative binomial regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Between March 2016-July 2019, there were 45 LTs (8 simultaneous liver-kidney) at 9 centers: 24 HIV D+/R+, 21 HIV D-/R+ (10 D- were false-positive). The median follow-up time was 23 months. Median recipient CD4 was 287 cells/µL with 100% on antiretroviral therapy; 56% were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive, 13% HCV-viremic. Weighted 1-year survival was 83.3% versus 100.0% in D+ versus D- groups (p = .04). There were no differences in one-year graft survival (96.0% vs. 100.0%), rejection (10.8% vs. 18.2%), HIV breakthrough (8% vs. 10%), or SAEs (all p > .05). HIV D+/R+ had more opportunistic infections, infectious hospitalizations, and cancer. In this multicenter pilot study of HIV D+/R+ LT, patient and graft survival were better than historical cohorts, however, a potential increase in infections and cancer merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer D. Motter
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Darin Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sile Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shane Ottmann
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James P. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary G. Bowring
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jennifer C. Price
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Chin-Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Cameron Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Morsheimer
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY
| | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
| | - Shirish Huprikar
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
| | - Allan Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Heldman MR, Kates OS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Multani A, Georgia SJ, Steinbrink JM, Alexander BD, Blumberg EA, Haydel B, Hemmige V, Hemmersbach-Miller M, La Hoz RM, Moni L, Condor Y, Flores S, Munoz CG, Guitierrez J, Diaz EI, Diaz D, Vianna R, Guerra G, Loebe M, Yabu JM, Kramer KH, Tanna SD, Ison MG, Rakita RM, Malinis M, Azar MM, McCort ME, Singh PP, Velioglu A, Mehta SA, van Duin D, Goldman JD, Lease ED, Wald A, Limaye AP, Fisher CE. Delayed mortality among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 78:ciac159. [PMID: 35212363 PMCID: PMC9383518 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most studies of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with COVID-19 focus on outcomes within one month of illness onset. Delayed mortality in SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 has not been fully examined. METHODS We used data from a multicenter registry to calculate mortality by 90 days following initial SARS-CoV-2 detection in SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 and developed multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models to compare risk factors for death by days 28 and 90. RESULTS Vital status at day 90 was available for 936 of 1117 (84%) SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19: 190 of 936 (20%) died by 28 days and an additional 56 of 246 deaths (23%) occurred between days 29 and 90. Factors associated with mortality by day 90 included: age > 65 years [aHR 1.8 (1.3-2.4), p =<0.001], lung transplant (vs. non-lung transplant) [aHR 1.5 (1.0-2.3), p=0.05], heart failure [aHR 1.9 (1.2-2.9), p=0.006], chronic lung disease [aHR 2.3 (1.5-3.6), p<0.001] and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 [aHR 1.5 (1.1-2.0), p=0.02]. These associations were similar for mortality by day 28. Compared to diagnosis during early 2020 (March 1-June 19, 2020), diagnosis during late 2020 (June 20-December 31, 2020) was associated with lower mortality by day 28 [aHR 0.7 (0.5-1.0, p=0.04] but not by day 90 [aHR 0.9 (0.7-1.3), p=0.61]. CONCLUSIONS In SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19, >20% of deaths occurred between 28 and 90 days following SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Future investigations should consider extending follow-up duration to 90 days for more complete mortality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Heldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia S Kates
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kassem Safa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ashrit Multani
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Julie M Steinbrink
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara D Alexander
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandy Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vagish Hemmige
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Ricardo M La Hoz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lisset Moni
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yesabeli Condor
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Flores
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos G Munoz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Guitierrez
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Esther I Diaz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniela Diaz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Giselle Guerra
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthias Loebe
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Julie M Yabu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kailey Hughes Kramer
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sajal D Tanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael G Ison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marwan M Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret E McCort
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pooja P Singh
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erika D Lease
- Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ajit P Limaye
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia E Fisher
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Mehta SA, Reyentovich A, Montgomery RA, Segev DL, Gebel HM, Bray RA, Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. Immunogenicity after heterologous third dose COVID-19 vaccination in a heart transplant recipient. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14605. [PMID: 35107835 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Reyentovich
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard M Gebel
- Emory University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Bray
- Emory University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R Cornelius
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Heldman MR, Kates OS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Georgia SJ, Steinbrink JM, Alexander BD, Hemmersbach-Miller M, Blumberg EA, Multani A, Haydel B, La Hoz RM, Moni L, Condor Y, Flores S, Munoz CG, Guitierrez J, Diaz EI, Diaz D, Vianna R, Guerra G, Loebe M, Rakita RM, Malinis M, Azar MM, Hemmige V, McCort ME, Chaudhry ZS, Singh PP, Hughes Kramer K, Velioglu A, Yabu JM, Morillis JA, Mehta SA, Tanna SD, Ison MG, Derenge AC, van Duin D, Maximin A, Gilbert C, Goldman JD, Lease ED, Fisher CE, Limaye AP. Changing trends in mortality among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the course of the pandemic. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:279-288. [PMID: 34514710 PMCID: PMC8653312 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 has declined over the course of the pandemic. Mortality trends specifically in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) are unknown. Using data from a multicenter registry of SOTR hospitalized for COVID-19, we compared 28-day mortality between early 2020 (March 1, 2020-June 19, 2020) and late 2020 (June 20, 2020-December 31, 2020). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess comorbidity-adjusted mortality. Time period of diagnosis was available for 1435/1616 (88.8%) SOTR and 971/1435 (67.7%) were hospitalized: 571/753 (75.8%) in early 2020 and 402/682 (58.9%) in late 2020 (p < .001). Crude 28-day mortality decreased between the early and late periods (112/571 [19.6%] vs. 55/402 [13.7%]) and remained lower in the late period even after adjusting for baseline comorbidities (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98, p = .016). Between the early and late periods, the use of corticosteroids (≥6 mg dexamethasone/day) and remdesivir increased (62/571 [10.9%] vs. 243/402 [61.5%], p < .001 and 50/571 [8.8%] vs. 213/402 [52.2%], p < .001, respectively), and the use of hydroxychloroquine and IL-6/IL-6 receptor inhibitor decreased (329/571 [60.0%] vs. 4/492 [1.0%], p < .001 and 73/571 [12.8%] vs. 5/402 [1.2%], p < .001, respectively). Mortality among SOTR hospitalized for COVID-19 declined between early and late 2020, consistent with trends reported in the general population. The mechanism(s) underlying improved survival require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R. Heldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,Correspondence Madeleine R. Heldman, MD, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Olivia S. Kates
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kassem Safa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Julie M. Steinbrink
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barbara D. Alexander
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashrit Multani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandy Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo M. La Hoz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lisset Moni
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Yesabeli Condor
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Flores
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos G. Munoz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Guitierrez
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Esther I. Diaz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Daniela Diaz
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Giselle Guerra
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthias Loebe
- University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert M. Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwan M. Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vagish Hemmige
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Margaret E. McCort
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Zohra S. Chaudhry
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pooja P. Singh
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kailey Hughes Kramer
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julie M. Yabu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jose A. Morillis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Sajal D. Tanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael G. Ison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ariella C. Derenge
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Jason D. Goldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erika D. Lease
- Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cynthia E. Fisher
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ajit P. Limaye
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Kim M, Stern J, Robalino R, Weldon EP, Ali N, Mehta SA, Stewart ZA, Lonze BE. Caregiver exposure to hepatitis C virus following transplantation with hepatitis C viremic donor organs: A case series. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 24:e13775. [PMID: 34910839 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapeutics have ushered in an era in which transplanting organs from donors infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV+) into recipients without (HCV-) is an increasingly common practice. Rare but potentially life-threatening events have been reported in recipients of HCV+ organs. METHODS Since 2018 at our institution, 182 HCV- patients have received HCV+ donor organs. Here, we retrospectively reviewed cases in which recipients' family member caregivers reported sustaining needlestick exposures at home following discharge of the transplant recipient from the hospital. RESULTS Caregiver needlestick exposures were passively reported in three cases of HCV+ into HCV- transplants (1.64% of such cases at our center). In all instances, the exposed individuals were aiding in diabetic management and the exposure occurred via lancets or insulin needles. In one case, the recipient viral load was undetectable at the time of the exposure but in the other two, recipients were viremic, putting their family members at risk to contract HCV infection. Surveillance for the exposed individuals was undertaken and no transmissions occurred. DISCUSSION For centers performing HCV+ into HCV- transplants, it is important that informed consent includes discussion of potential secondary risks to family members and caregivers. Further, protocols for post-exposure surveillance and for the acquisition of DAA treatment in the event of a secondary transmission should be in place. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kim
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stern
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Robalino
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaina P Weldon
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - NicoleM Ali
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoe A Stewart
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie E Lonze
- Transplant Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Zervou FN, Ali NM, Neumann HJ, Madan RP, Mehta SA. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13728. [PMID: 34505324 PMCID: PMC8646321 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses among immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be diminished compared to the general population and have not been fully characterized. We conducted a cohort study at our transplant center to investigate the rate of seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among SOT recipients who were diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and underwent serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. The 61 patients who were included in the final analysis underwent initial SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing at a median of 62 days (Interquartile range 55.0-75.0) from symptom onset. Note that, 51 of 61 patients (83.6%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG results, whereas 10 (16.4%) had negative IgG results. Six (60%) out of 10 seronegative patients underwent serial IgG testing and remained seronegative up to 17 weeks post-diagnosis. Use of belatacept in maintenance immunosuppression was significantly associated with negative IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 both in univariate and multivariate analyses (Odds ratio 0.04, p = .01). In conclusion, the majority of organ transplant recipients with COVID-19 in our study developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Further longitudinal studies of the durability and immunologic role of these IgG responses and the factors associated with lack of seroconversion are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fainareti N. Zervou
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Nicole M. Ali
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Henry J. Neumann
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Rebecca Pellett Madan
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Department of PediatricsNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
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18
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Ali NM, Alnazari N, Mehta SA, Boyarsky B, Avery RK, Segev DL, Montgomery RA, Stewart ZA. Development of COVID-19 Infection in Transplant Recipients After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Transplantation 2021; 105:e104-e106. [PMID: 34049360 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ali
- Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Sapna A Mehta
- Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Brian Boyarsky
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robin K Avery
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Zoe A Stewart
- Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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19
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Heldman MR, Kates OS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Georgia SJ, Steinbrink JM, Alexander BD, Hemmersbach-Miller M, Blumberg EA, Crespo MM, Multani A, Lewis AV, Eugene Beaird O, Haydel B, La Hoz RM, Moni L, Condor Y, Flores S, Munoz CG, Guitierrez J, Diaz EI, Diaz D, Vianna R, Guerra G, Loebe M, Rakita RM, Malinis M, Azar MM, Hemmige V, McCort ME, Chaudhry ZS, Singh P, Hughes K, Velioglu A, Yabu JM, Morillis JA, Mehta SA, Tanna SD, Ison MG, Tomic R, Derenge AC, van Duin D, Maximin A, Gilbert C, Goldman JD, Sehgal S, Weisshaar D, Girgis RE, Nelson J, Lease ED, Limaye AP, Fisher CE. COVID-19 in hospitalized lung and non-lung solid organ transplant recipients: A comparative analysis from a multicenter study. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2774-2784. [PMID: 34008917 PMCID: PMC9215359 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients (LTR) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have higher mortality than non-lung solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR), but direct comparisons are limited. Risk factors for mortality specifically in LTR have not been explored. We performed a multicenter cohort study of adult SOTR with COVID-19 to compare mortality by 28 days between hospitalized LTR and non-lung SOTR. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess comorbidity-adjusted mortality among LTR vs. non-lung SOTR and to determine risk factors for death in LTR. Of 1,616 SOTR with COVID-19, 1,081 (66%) were hospitalized including 120/159 (75%) LTR and 961/1457 (66%) non-lung SOTR (p = .02). Mortality was higher among LTR compared to non-lung SOTR (24% vs. 16%, respectively, p = .032), and lung transplant was independently associated with death after adjusting for age and comorbidities (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.6, p = .04). Among LTR, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.0-11.3, p = .05) was the only independent risk factor for mortality and age >65 years, heart failure and obesity were not independently associated with death. Among SOTR hospitalized for COVID-19, LTR had higher mortality than non-lung SOTR. In LTR, chronic allograft dysfunction was independently associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R. Heldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olivia S. Kates
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kassem Safa
- Transplant Center and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camille N. Kotton
- Division of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah J. Georgia
- Transplant Center and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie M. Steinbrink
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barbara D. Alexander
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria M. Crespo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashrit Multani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Angelica V. Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Omer Eugene Beaird
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandy Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Ricardo M. La Hoz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lisset Moni
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Yesabeli Condor
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Flores
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos G. Munoz
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Guitierrez
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Esther I. Diaz
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Daniela Diaz
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Giselle Guerra
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthias Loebe
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert M. Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwan M. Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vagish Hemmige
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Margaret E. McCort
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Zohra S. Chaudhry
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pooja Singh
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kailey Hughes
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julie M. Yabu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jose A. Morillis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York University, New York City, New York
| | - Sajal D. Tanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael G. Ison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rade Tomic
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adrienne Maximin
- Nazih Zuhdi Transplant Institute, INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Carlene Gilbert
- Banner-University Medicine Transplant Institute, Banner Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jason D. Goldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,Division of Infectious Diseases, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana Weisshaar
- Heart Transplant Department, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, California
| | - Reda E. Girgis
- Richard DeVos Lung Transplant Program, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Joanna Nelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Erika D. Lease
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ajit P. Limaye
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cynthia E. Fisher
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Parent B, Caplan A, Mehta SA. Ethical considerations regarding COVID-19 vaccination for transplant candidates and recipients. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14421. [PMID: 34241923 PMCID: PMC8420300 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients were not included in the COVID‐19 vaccine trials that have justified vaccine administration to millions worldwide and will be critical to ending the pandemic. The risks of COVID‐19 for SOT candidates and recipients combined with data about this population's response to other vaccines has led to transplant centers recommending vaccination for their candidates and recipients in accordance with guidance from major transplant organizations. Relevant ethics considerations include: weighing the low risk of vaccination causing transplant complications against potentially limited antibody response of vaccines for transplant recipients; the equitable distribution of vaccines among vulnerable populations; the duty to steward and respect organs as limited resources; the duty to support vaccination; and patient autonomy. Vaccinated transplant patients and candidates should also consider participating in research studies to better understand the efficacy and potential long‐term risks in this patient population. There are difficult scenarios, like timing transplant after second vaccine dose, when to administer the second dose to a partially vaccinated candidate who gets an organ match, whether to vaccinate a recent transplant recipient with low exposure risk and which vaccine to use. Here we provide ethics considerations for vaccinating different groups within the transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Parent
- Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arthur Caplan
- Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- NYU Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Durand CM, Zhang W, Brown DM, Yu S, Desai N, Redd AD, Bagnasco SM, Naqvi FF, Seaman S, Doby BL, Ostrander D, Bowring MG, Eby Y, Fernandez RE, Friedman-Moraco R, Turgeon N, Stock P, Chin-Hong P, Mehta S, Stosor V, Small CB, Gupta G, Mehta SA, Wolfe CR, Husson J, Gilbert A, Cooper M, Adebiyi O, Agarwal A, Muller E, Quinn TC, Odim J, Huprikar S, Florman S, Massie AB, Tobian AAR, Segev DL. A prospective multicenter pilot study of HIV-positive deceased donor to HIV-positive recipient kidney transplantation: HOPE in action. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1754-1764. [PMID: 32701209 PMCID: PMC8073960 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
HIV-positive donor to HIV-positive recipient (HIV D+/R+) transplantation is permitted in the United States under the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act. To explore safety and the risk attributable to an HIV+ donor, we performed a prospective multicenter pilot study comparing HIV D+/R+ vs HIV-negative donor to HIV+ recipient (HIV D-/R+) kidney transplantation (KT). From 3/2016 to 7/2019 at 14 centers, there were 75 HIV+ KTs: 25 D+ and 50 D- (22 recipients from D- with false positive HIV tests). Median follow-up was 1.7 years. There were no deaths nor differences in 1-year graft survival (91% D+ vs 92% D-, P = .9), 1-year mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (63 mL/min D+ vs 57 mL/min D-, P = .31), HIV breakthrough (4% D+ vs 6% D-, P > .99), infectious hospitalizations (28% vs 26%, P = .85), or opportunistic infections (16% vs 12%, P = .72). One-year rejection was higher for D+ recipients (50% vs 29%, HR: 1.83, 95% CI 0.84-3.95, P = .13) but did not reach statistical significance; rejection was lower with lymphocyte-depleting induction (21% vs 44%, HR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.87, P = .03). In this multicenter pilot study directly comparing HIV D+/R+ with HIV D-/R+ KT, overall transplant and HIV outcomes were excellent; a trend toward higher rejection with D+ raises concerns that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diane M. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sile Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Niraj Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Serena M. Bagnasco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fizza F. Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shanti Seaman
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brianna L. Doby
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Darin Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Grace Bowring
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reinaldo E. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel Friedman-Moraco
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole Turgeon
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Surgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Chin-Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Section of Transplant Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cameron R. Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Husson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Oluwafisayo Adebiyi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Health Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elmi Muller
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shirish Huprikar
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron A. R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Kottkamp AC, Filardo TD, Holzman RS, Aguero-Rosenfeld M, Neumann HJ, Mehta SA. Prevalence of strongyloidiasis among cardiothoracic organ transplant candidates in a non-endemic region: A single-center experience with universal screening. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13614. [PMID: 33844416 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome can cause significant morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Screening and treatment prior to transplantation can reduce or prevent this disease. Targeted screening of transplant candidates based on assessed risk, fails to identify all who would benefit. We implemented universal serology-based screening for Strongyloides at our transplant center, located in a non-endemic area. Of 200 transplant candidates who were evaluated for cardiothoracic transplant from January 2018 to June 2019, 169 were screened serologically and 21 (12.4%) were seropositive. Among seropositive patients, 57% reported travel to an endemic region, 38% were born outside the USA, 38% had eosinophilia, and 5% had history of gram-negative bacteremia. We estimate that universal screening for strongyloidiasis could identify an average of 17 additional candidates for preventive treatment for every 200 transplant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D Filardo
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Holzman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Henry J Neumann
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Mehta SA, Rana MM, Motter JD, Small CB, Pereira MR, Stosor V, Elias N, Haydel B, Florman S, Odim J, Morsheimer M, Robien M, Massie AB, Brown D, Boyarsky B, Wang JG, Tobian AA, Werbel WA, Segev DL, Durand CM. Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients With HIV: Report From the National HOPE in Action Consortium. Transplantation 2021; 105:216-224. [PMID: 33165238 PMCID: PMC8018537 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant recipients with HIV may have worse outcomes with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to impaired T-cell function coupled with immunosuppressive drugs. Alternatively, immunosuppression might reduce inflammatory complications and/or antiretrovirals could be protective. METHODS Prospective reporting of all cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection was required within the HOPE in Action Multicenter Consortium, a cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients with HIV who have received organs from donors with and without HIV at 32 transplant centers in the United States. RESULTS Between March 20, 2020 and September 25, 2020, there were 11 COVID-19 cases among 291 kidney and liver recipients with HIV (4%). In those with COVID-19, median age was 59 y, 10 were male, 8 were kidney recipients, and 5 had donors with HIV. A higher proportion of recipients with COVID-19 compared with the overall HOPE in the Action cohort were Hispanic (55% versus 12%) and received transplants in New York City (73% versus 34%, P < 0.05). Most (10/11, 91%) were hospitalized. High-level oxygen support was required in 7 and intensive care in 5; 1 participant opted for palliative care instead of transfer to the intensive care unit. HIV RNA was undetectable in all. Median absolute lymphocyte count was 0.3 × 103 cells/μL. Median CD4 pre-COVID-19 was 298 cells/μL, declining to <200 cells/μl in 6/7 with measurements on admission. Treatment included high-dose steroids (n = 6), tocilizumab (n = 3), remdesivir (n = 2), and convalescent plasma (n = 2). Four patients (36%) died. CONCLUSIONS Within a national prospective cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients with HIV, we report high mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A. Mehta
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, NY
| | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer D. Motter
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brandy Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Morsheimer
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark Robien
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian Boyarsky
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Kreiger-Benson E, Gelb B, Neumann HJ, Hochman S, Lighter J, Mehta SA. Measles outbreak risk assessment for transplant candidates and recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:338-343. [PMID: 32808470 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients are at risk of significant morbidity and mortality from infection, including those circulating in the community from unexpected outbreaks. In late 2018-summer of 2019, a measles outbreak occurred in the New York City area, with a total of 649 cases reported. We developed a systematic 3-part approach to address measles risk in our adult SOT program through: (a) identification of nonimmune adults living in outbreak ZIP codes, (b) education focused on risk reduction for patients from outbreak ZIP codes, and (c) risk reduction for nonimmune patients. All waitlisted or previously transplanted patients residing in outbreak areas received a measles patient education handout. The electronic medical record of patients born in or after 1957 was reviewed for serologic evidence of measles immunity. Measles immunity testing was performed in patients without documentation of immunity. Patients who tested nonimmune were offered MMR vaccination or intravenous immunoglobulin depending on their transplant phase and risk profile. Thus, we demonstrate successful implementation of a systematic risk assessment during a large measles outbreak to identify and protect at-risk SOT patients. As vaccine hesitancy persists, our strategies may be increasingly relevant to transplant centers and those caring for immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Gelb
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henry J Neumann
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Sapna A Mehta
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Studies to date indicate that most adults develop IgG antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 6 weeks of COVID-19 symptom onset. The seroconversion rate of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) following COVID-19 is unknown. Elucidation of humoral immune responses following COVID-19 in SOTR may inform risk of reinfection and the development of safe and effective vaccines for immunocompromised hosts.
Methods
We assessed the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection among adult SOTR diagnosed with COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal PCR assays between 3/1/2020 and 6/5/2020. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was detected in serum using the Abbott IgG assay at the manufacturer’s recommended cut-off. Our primary objective was the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity after COVID-19. A secondary objective was to identify clinical factors associated with seroconversion. The mean age and nadir absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were calculated between seropositive and negative SOTR and compared by Student’s t-test.
Results
Among 93 SOTR diagnosed with COVID-19, 19 died before SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing could be performed, and 18 had testing pending as of abstract submission. 56 SOTR (44 kidney, 5 heart, 4 liver, 1 lung, and 1 heart-kidney recipients) completed testing and were included in the analysis. Median age was 58 years (IQR 49.5–67), and all received maintenance immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis with median nadir ALC during illness of 400 (IQR 200–600). SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing was performed at a median of 60 days (IQR 50–70) from symptom onset, the shortest interval being 16 days. 47 out of 56 SOTR tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. The likelihood of seroconversion was not different between those who were tested at < or ≥ 60 days from symptom onset (p=0.26), nor did it vary significantly by age (p =0.59), gender (p=0.53) or nadir ALC (p =0.28).
Conclusion
83% of evaluated SOTR with COVID-19 disease had detectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG in serum at a median of 60 days after symptom onset. Studies are ongoing to identify variables associated with poor antibody response among the nearly 20% of SOTR in this cohort who failed to seroconvert. The significance of seroconversion on risk of reinfection and vaccine immunogenicity remains to be determined.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sapna A Mehta
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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26
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Heldman MR, Kates OS, Haydel BM, Florman SS, Rana MM, Chaudhry ZS, Ramesh MS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Blumberg EA, Besharatian BD, Tanna SD, Ison MG, Malinis M, Azar MM, Rakita RM, Morillas JA, Majeed A, Sait AS, Spaggiari M, Hemmige V, Mehta SA, Neumann H, Badami A, Jeng A, Goldman JD, Lala A, Hemmersbach-Miller M, McCort ME, Bajrovic V, Ortiz-Bautista C, Friedman-Moraco R, Sehgal S, Lease ED, Limaye AP, Fisher CE. Healthcare resource use among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19. Clin Transplant 2020; 35:e14174. [PMID: 33349940 PMCID: PMC7883125 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Heldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia S Kates
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandy M Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenakshi M Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zohra S Chaudhry
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mayur S Ramesh
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kassem Safa
- Transplant Center and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camille N Kotton
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Behdad D Besharatian
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sajal D Tanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael G Ison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marwan M Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert M Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose A Morillas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aneela Majeed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Afrah S Sait
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario Spaggiari
- Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vagish Hemmige
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Abbasali Badami
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amy Jeng
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anuradha Lala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Margaret E McCort
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valida Bajrovic
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rachel Friedman-Moraco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika D Lease
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ajit P Limaye
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia E Fisher
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kates OS, Haydel BM, Florman SS, Rana MM, Chaudhry ZS, Ramesh MS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Blumberg EA, Besharatian BD, Tanna SD, Ison MG, Malinis M, Azar MM, Rakita RM, Morillas JA, Majeed A, Sait AS, Spaggiari M, Hemmige V, Mehta SA, Neumann H, Badami A, Goldman JD, Lala A, Hemmersbach-Miller M, McCort ME, Bajrovic V, Ortiz-Bautista C, Friedman-Moraco R, Sehgal S, Lease ED, Fisher CE, Limaye AP. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant: A multi-center cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e4090-e4099. [PMID: 32766815 PMCID: PMC7454362 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant reductions in transplantation, motivated in part by concerns of disproportionately more severe disease among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, clinical features, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in SOT recipients are not well-described. Methods We performed a multi-center cohort study of SOT recipients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected using standardized intake and 28-day follow-up electronic case report forms. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the primary endpoint, 28-day mortality, among hospitalized patients. Results Four hundred eighty-two SOT recipients from >50 transplant centers were included: 318 (66%) kidney or kidney/pancreas, 73 (15.1%) liver, 57 (11.8%) heart, and 30 (6.2%) lung. Median age was 58 (IQR 46-57), median time post-transplant was 5 years (IQR 2-10), 61% were male, and 92% had ≥1 underlying comorbidity. Among those hospitalized (376 [78%]), 117 (31%) required mechanical ventilation, and 77 (20.5%) died by 28 days after diagnosis. Specific underlying comorbidities (age >65 [aOR 3.0, 95%CI 1.7-5.5, p<0.001], congestive heart failure [aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.4-7.0, p=0.004], chronic lung disease [aOR 2.5, 95%CI 1.2-5.2, p=0.018], obesity [aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.4, p=0.039]) and presenting findings (lymphopenia [aOR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.5, p=0.033], abnormal chest imaging [aOR 2.9, 95%CI 1.1-7.5, p=0.027]) were independently associated with mortality. Multiple measures of immunosuppression intensity were not associated with mortality. Conclusions Mortality among SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 20.5%. Age and underlying comorbidities rather than immunosuppression intensity-related measures were major drivers of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Kates
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandy M Haydel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenakshi M Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zohra S Chaudhry
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Inmunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mayur S Ramesh
- Transplantation Infectious Diseases and Inmunotherapy, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kassem Safa
- Transplant Center and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emily A Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Behdad D Besharatian
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sajal D Tanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael G Ison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marwan M Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert M Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose A Morillas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aneela Majeed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Afrah S Sait
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Spaggiari
- Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abbasali Badami
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anuradha Lala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Valida Bajrovic
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rachel Friedman-Moraco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Department of Thoracic Medicine And Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika D Lease
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia E Fisher
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ajit P Limaye
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mehta SA, Leonard J, Labella P, Cartiera K, Soomro I, Neumann H, Montgomery RA, Ali NM. Outpatient management of kidney transplant recipients with suspected COVID-19-Single-center experience during the New York City surge. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13383. [PMID: 32578324 PMCID: PMC7361210 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Data describing the clinical progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in transplant recipients are limited. In New York City during the surge in COVID‐19 cases, a systematic approach to monitoring and triaging immunocompromised transplant patients was required in the context of strained healthcare resources, limited outpatient testing, and heightened hospital exposure risks. Public health guidance at the onset of the COVID‐19 outbreak recommended outpatient monitoring of mildly symptomatic patients without specific recommendations for special populations such as transplant recipients. We developed and implemented a systematic monitoring algorithm for kidney transplant recipients at our transplant center who reported mild symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19. We describe the outcomes of the first 44 patients monitored through this algorithm. A total of 44 kidney transplant recipients thought to be symptomatic for COVID‐19 disease were followed for a minimum of 14 days. The majority of mildly symptomatic patients (34/44) had clinical progression of disease and were referred to the emergency department where they all tested PCR positive and required hospitalization. More than half of these patients presented with hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen, 39% were intubated within 48 hours, and 53% developed acute kidney injury but did not require dialysis. There were 6 deaths. During surge outbreaks, kidney transplant patients with even mild symptoms have a high likelihood of COVID‐19 disease and most will worsen requiring hospitalization for supportive measures. Earlier outpatient testing and hospitalization may improve COVID‐19 outcomes among transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanette Leonard
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pauline Labella
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katarzyna Cartiera
- New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irfana Soomro
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henry Neumann
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole M Ali
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Stachel MW, Gidea CG, Reyentovich A, Mehta SA, Moazami N. COVID-19 pneumonia in a dual heart-kidney recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:612-614. [PMID: 32503728 PMCID: PMC7165097 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine W Stachel
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Claudia G Gidea
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Alex Reyentovich
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Transplant Infectious Disease Service, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Nader Moazami
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
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Durand CM, Werbel W, Doby B, Brown D, Desai NM, Malinis M, Price J, Chin-Hong P, Mehta S, Friedman-Moraco R, Turgeon NA, Gilbert A, Morris MI, Stosor V, Elias N, Aslam S, Santos CAQ, Hand JM, Husson J, Pruett TL, Agarwal A, Adebiyi O, Pereira M, Small CB, Apewokin S, Heun Lee D, Haidar G, Blumberg E, Mehta SA, Huprikar S, Florman SS, Redd AD, Tobian AAR, Segev DL. Clarifying the HOPE Act landscape: The challenge of donors with false-positive HIV results. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:617-619. [PMID: 31675457 PMCID: PMC7132607 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brianna Doby
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diane Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Niraj M Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Price
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Chin-Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Michele I Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Carlos A Q Santos
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan M Hand
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jennifer Husson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy L Pruett
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Oluwafisayo Adebiyi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcus Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine B Small
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Senu Apewokin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dong Heun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sapna A Mehta
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shirish Huprikar
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kreiger-Benson E, Gelb B, Neumann HJ, Sarah H, Lighter J, Mehta SA. 1638. Measles Outbreak Risk Assessment for Transplant Candidates and Recipients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810312 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A measles outbreak began in 2018 with ongoing transmission in the New York City (NYC) area, affecting children and vulnerable adults. We developed a systematic 3-part approach to address measles risk in our solid-organ transplant program’s adult population by 1) identification of non-immune adults living in at-risk ZIP codes 2) education focused on risk reduction for all at-risk patients and families and 3) vaccination of non-immune waitlisted patients and consideration of prophylactic immunoglobulin G (IgG) for post-transplant non-immune patients at high risk for measles exposure. Methods All waitlisted and transplanted patients residing in any of 11 ZIP codes with recent measles cases in the NYC area as of April 4, 2019, were included. We also focused on the 4 ZIP codes in the NYC Health Commissioner’s vaccination order from April 9, 2019. We reviewed electronic medical records (EMR) of patients born after 1956 for measles immunity by serology or vaccine documentation. A 1-page measles patient education handout was created, reviewed for health literacy appropriateness and utilized in English and non-English language versions. Results 118 waitlisted or previously transplanted patients resided in at-risk ZIP codes. Among the 118 patients, 56 (47.5%) were presumed immune based on birth year before 1957. Among 62 patients born in 1957 or later, 5 (8.1%) had preexisting positive measles IgG in the EMR and 1 patient had documentation of measles vaccination without measles IgG testing. Fifty-seven patients without EMR evidence of measles immunity were called to undergo measles IgG testing. 29 patients agreed to testing and an additional 19 patients had the test added to routine laboratories. Of these 48 patients, 1 was non-immune and 1 had equivocal immunity. Among transplanted patients identified as non-immune or with equivocal immune status, a recommendation for prophylactic IgG was made. All 118 patients received a measles informational handout by mail. Furthermore, we identified 21 patients born after 1956 living in the 4 zip codes targeted by the NYC health Commissioner’s order, and among those tested all were found to be immune. Conclusion A systematic risk assessment during a large measles outbreak identified at-risk transplant patients and provided timely education and screening for measles immunity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Gelb
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Hochman Sarah
- New York University Langone Medical Center–Tisch Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Sapna A Mehta
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Mehta SA, Russo HR. Can We Better Optimize Vancomycin Monotherapy? Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:811. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dubrovskaya Y, Papadopoulos J, Scipione MR, Altshuler J, Phillips M, Mehta SA. Antibiotic Stewardship for Intra-abdominal Infections: Early Impact on Antimicrobial Use and Patient Outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 33:427-9. [DOI: 10.1086/664765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Norton TD, Skeete F, Dubrovskaya Y, Phillips MS, Bosco JD, Mehta SA. Orthopedic surgical site infections: analysis of causative bacteria and implications for antibiotic stewardship. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2014; 43:E89-E92. [PMID: 24839634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Data that can be used to guide perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in our era of emerging antibiotic resistance are limited. We reviewed orthopedic surgeries complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs). Eighty percent of 69 arthroplasty and 80 spine fusion SSIs were infected with Gram-positive bacteria; most were staphylococcal species; and more than 25% of Staphylococcus aureus and more than 65% of coagulase-negative staphylococci were methicillin-resistant. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 30% of arthroplasty SSIs and 25% of spine fusion SSIs. Resistance to cefazolin was higher than 40%. A significant proportion of SSIs were caused by resistant organisms, and antibiotic guidelines were altered to provide more adequate surgical prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph D Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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Mavadiya SV, Raval SK, Mehta SA, Kanani AN, Vagh AA, Tank PH, Patel PR. Epidemiological survey of equine influenza in horses in India. REV SCI TECH OIE 2013; 31:871-5. [PMID: 23520740 DOI: 10.20506/rst.31.3.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly contagious virus infection in horses, influenza is the single most important equine respiratory disease in the world. This paper presents details of a one-year study (1 June 2008 to 31 May 2009) to determine the prevalence of equine influenza in the horses of Gujarat State in India. The prevalence of equine influenza A/equi-2 was 12.02%, but none of the samples were positive for equine influenza A/equi-1. The prevalence of equine influenza (A/equi-2) was 15.38%, 11.94%, 10.18%, and 9.09% in horses of the Kathiyawari breed, a non-descript breed, the Marwari breed and the Indian Thoroughbred breed, respectively. The highest prevalence of influenza was observed in yearlings (17.48%) and prevalence was at its highest in the month of April (28.89%). The prevalence rate in males, females and geldings was 11.95%, 10.38% and 8.47%, respectively. The mortality rate and case fatality rate were 1.28% and 10.64%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Mavadiya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Assam Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
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Karmon SL, Mehta SA, Brehm A, Dzurenko J, Phillips M. Evaluation of bloodborne pathogen exposures at an urban hospital. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:185-6. [PMID: 22795725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Campbell KA, Phillips MS, Stachel A, Bosco JA, Mehta SA. Incidence and risk factors for hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among inpatients in an orthopaedic tertiary care hospital. J Hosp Infect 2013; 83:146-9. [PMID: 23313026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to identify risk factors for hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) in orthopaedic patients. Thirty-two HA-CDI cases were each matched with two controls. Incidence rate was 0.33 cases per 1000 patient-days. Univariate analyses showed that surgery >24 h after admission, antibiotics for treatment, and proton pump inhibitors were associated with HA-CDI. Multivariate analyses revealed that surgery >24 h after admission was associated with HA-CDI. Patients hospitalized before surgery had a greater risk of HA-CDI, suggesting opportunities to reduce environmental exposure to C. difficile by timelier preoperative medical optimization in the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Campbell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY, USA
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Kamboj M, Son C, Cantu S, Chemaly RF, Dickman J, Dubberke E, Engles L, Lafferty T, Liddell G, Lesperance ME, Mangino JE, Martin S, Mayfield J, Mehta SA, O'Rourke S, Perego CS, Taplitz R, Eagan J, Sepkowitz KA. Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection rates in persons with cancer or hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a C3IC network report. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33:1162-5. [PMID: 23041818 DOI: 10.1086/668023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A multicenter survey of 11 cancer centers was performed to determine the rate of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (HO-CDI) and surveillance practices. Pooled rates of HO-CDI in patients with cancer were twice the rates reported for all US patients (15.8 vs 7.4 per 10,000 patient-days). Rates were elevated regardless of diagnostic test used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Kamboj
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Son CH, Daniels TL, Eagan JA, Edmond MB, Fishman NO, Fraser TG, Kamboj M, Maragakis LL, Mehta SA, Perl TM, Phillips MS, Price CS, Talbot TR, Wilson SJ, Sepkowitz KA. Central line-associated bloodstream infection surveillance outside the intensive care unit: a multicenter survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33:869-74. [PMID: 22869259 DOI: 10.1086/667378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The success of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention programs in intensive care units (ICUs) has led to the expansion of surveillance at many hospitals. We sought to compare non-ICU CLABSI (nCLABSI) rates with national reports and describe methods of surveillance at several participating US institutions. DESIGN AND SETTING An electronic survey of several medical centers about infection surveillance practices and rate data for non-ICU patients. PARTICIPANTS Ten tertiary care hospitals. METHODS In March 2011, a survey was sent to 10 medical centers. The survey consisted of 12 questions regarding demographics and CLABSI surveillance methodology for non-ICU patients at each center. Participants were also asked to provide available rate and device utilization data. RESULTS Hospitals ranged in size from 238 to 1,400 total beds (median, 815). All hospitals reported using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. Denominators were collected by different means: counting patients with central lines every day (5 hospitals), indirectly estimating on the basis of electronic orders ([Formula: see text]), or another automated method ([Formula: see text]). Rates of nCLABSI ranged from 0.2 to 4.2 infections per 1,000 catheter-days (median, 2.5). The national rate reported by the CDC using 2009 data from the National Healthcare Surveillance Network was 1.14 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. CONCLUSIONS Only 2 hospitals were below the pooled CLABSI rate for inpatient wards; all others exceeded this rate. Possible explanations include differences in average central line utilization or hospital size in the impact of certain clinical risk factors notably absent from the definition and in interpretation and reporting practices. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether the national benchmarks are low or whether the hospitals surveyed here represent a selection of outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal H Son
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Mehta SA, Ahmed A, Laverty M, Holzman RS, Valentine F, Sivapalasingam S. Sex differences in the incidence of peripheral neuropathy among Kenyans initiating antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 53:490-6. [PMID: 21844033 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. We report the incidence of and risk factors for PN among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Kenyan adults initiating ART. METHODS An inception cohort was formed of adults initiating ART. They were screened for PN at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year. We used the validated Brief Peripheral Neuropathy Screen (BPNS) that includes symptoms and signs (vibration perception and ankle reflexes) of PN. RESULTS Twenty-two (11%) of 199 patients had PN at baseline screening. One hundred fifty patients without evidence of PN at baseline were followed for a median of 366 days (interquartile range, 351-399). The incidence of PN was 11.9 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9-19.1) and was higher in women than men (17.7 vs 1.9 per 100 person-years; rate ratio, 9.6; 95% CI, 1.27-72, P = .03). In stratified analyses, female sex remained statistically significant after adjustment for each of the following variables: age, CD4 cell count, body mass index, ART regimen, and tuberculosis treatment. Stratifying hemoglobin levels decreased the hazard ratio from 9.6 to 7.40 (P = .05), with higher levels corresponding to a lower risk of PN. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected Kenyan women were almost 10 times more likely than men to develop PN in the first year of ART. The risk decreased slightly at higher hemoglobin levels. Preventing or treating anemia in women before ART initiation and implementing BPNS during the first year of ART, the period of highest risk, could ameliorate the risk of PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Mehta SA, Silvera R, Bernstein K, Holzman RS, Aberg JA, Daskalakis DC. Awareness of post-exposure HIV prophylaxis in high-risk men who have sex with men in New York City. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87:344-8. [PMID: 21357600 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2010.046284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the factors associated with knowledge of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), bathhouse patrons in New York City (NYC) were surveyed. METHODS 554 men who have sex with men (MSM) at two NYC bathhouses were given a standardised survey focused on nPEP and PrEP at the time of HIV testing. RESULTS In the previous 90 days, 63% of respondents reported unprotected sex with a male partner and 7% reported any sex with a known HIV-positive male partner. Less than half reported having a primary provider (primary care practitioner) who was aware of their MSM behaviour. 201 men (36%) were aware of nPEP or PrEP. In univariate analyses, race/ethnicity, previous HIV testing, gay self-identification, higher education level, having a primary provider aware of MSM behaviour, reported interaction with the healthcare system, use of the internet for meeting sex partners, reporting unprotected sex in the previous 90 days, reporting any sex with an HIV-positive male partner in the previous 90 days and having a higher number of sex partners were each significantly associated with being aware of nPEP or PrEP. In multivariate analysis, having a higher number of sex partners was significantly associated (OR 5.10, p=0.02) with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)/PrEP knowledge and disclosure to a primary care provider was also associated, although less robustly (OR 2.10, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of nPEP or PrEP among sexually active MSM in NYC is low and is associated with having a primary provider aware of their patient's same-sex behaviours. These findings show the need for improving education about nPEP among high-risk MSM in NYC and the role of providers in these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, NewYork University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Mehta SA, Ahmed A, Kariuki BW, Said S, Omasete F, Mendillo M, Laverty M, Holzman R, Valentine F, Sivapalasingam S. Implementation of a validated peripheral neuropathy screening tool in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Mombasa, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:565-70. [PMID: 20810821 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited objective data are available for the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) among antiretroviral (ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in resource-limited settings. A validated neuropathy-screening tool was integrated into routine ART visits at an HIV clinic in Mombasa, Kenya. Diagnosis of PN required at least one symptom and either abnormal vibratory sensation or deep tendon reflex bilaterally. Among 102 consecutively screened patients, 63% were women, 62% were receiving ART for < or = 1 year, and 86% were receiving a stavudine (D4T)-based regimen. Thirty-seven (36%) had PN. Univariate analysis showed that current D4T use was protective against PN (P = 0.03) and older age was a marginal risk factor (P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that older age was a risk factor for neuropathy (P = 0.04). Peripheral neuropathy was common, particularly among older HIV-infected adults in Kenya. The protective association with current D4T use likely represents survivor effect bias. Longitudinal studies using this screen will help further characterize PN in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna A Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Chatni SS, Sainani RS, Mehta SA, Mohandas KM. Infusion chemotherapy with cisplatinum and fluorouracil in the treatment of locally-advanced and metastatic gallbladder cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2008; 4:151-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.43341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mehta SA, Christopherson KW, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Goulet RJ, Broxmeyer HE, Kopelovich L, Nakshatri H. Negative regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by tumor suppressor p53 in breast cancer cells: implications of p53 mutation or isoform expression on breast cancer cell invasion. Oncogene 2006; 26:3329-37. [PMID: 17130833 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 are suggested to be involved in migration, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Mutation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in breast cancer is associated with metastasis and aggressive clinical phenotype. In this report, we demonstrate that wild type but not the dominant-negative mutant (V143A) or cancer-specific mutants (R175H or R280K) of p53 repress CXCR4 expression. Recently described cancer-specific p53 isoform, Delta133p53, also failed to repress CXCR4 promoter activity. Short-interfering RNA-mediated depletion of p53 increased endogenous CXCR4 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that contain wild-type p53. Basal CXCR4 promoter activity in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells deleted of p53 [HCT116(p53KO)] was 10-fold higher compared to that in parental HCT116 cells with functional wild-type p53. Deletion analysis of CXCR4 promoter identified a seven-base pair p53-repressor element homologous to cyclic AMP/AP-1 response (CRE/AP-1) element. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed binding of ATF-1 and cJun to the CRE/AP-1 element. The p53 rescue drug PRIMA-1 reduced CXCR4 mRNA and cell surface expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, which express R280K mutant p53. CP-31398, another p53 rescue drug, similarly reduced cell surface levels of CXCR4. PRIMA-1-mediated decrease in CXCR4 expression correlated with reduced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through matrigel. These results suggest a mechanism for elevated CXCR4 expression and metastasis of breast cancers with p53 mutations or isoform expression. We propose that p53 rescue drugs either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs may be effective in reducing CXCR4-mediated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Groudine SB, Fisher HA, Kaufman RP, Patel MK, Wilkins LJ, Mehta SA, Lumb PD. Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 1998; 86:235-9. [PMID: 9459225 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199802000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postoperative ileus is a concern among surgical patients. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia with local anesthetics can decrease the duration of ileus. Significant systemic absorption of local anesthesia occurs during epidural use. In this study, we examined whether many of the beneficial effects on bowel function seen with epidural lidocaine are also present when the drug is given parenterally. Forty patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy were studied with one half of the patients receiving a lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg/kg) and infusion (3 mg/min, unless weight <70 kg, then 2 mg/min); the other half received a saline infusion. A blind observer recorded the patient's daily pain score, the time the patient first experienced flatulence and had the first bowel movement, and the total use of analgesics. Lidocaine-treated patients first experienced flatulence in a significantly shorter time (P < 0.01) than control patients. Lidocaine patients' hospital stay was also significantly shorter (P < 0.05); on average, they spent 1.1 fewer days in the hospital. I.V. lidocaine initiated before anesthesia and continued 1 h postoperatively significantly sped up the return of bowel function. Lidocaine patients were also more comfortable postoperatively. Many of the bowel function benefits attributed to epidural lidocaine are also present when the drug is administered parenterally. Additionally, the length of hospital stay was reduced in lidocaine-treated patients. IMPLICATIONS This study prospectively examined whether I.V. lidocaine could affect the return of bowel function after radical prostate surgery. Lidocaine-treated patients had shorter hospital stays, less pain, and faster return of bowel function. In this population, lidocaine infusion can be a useful adjunct in anesthetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Groudine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA.
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Mehta AR, Sarkar S, Mehta SA, Bachher GK. The Indian experience with immediate tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1995; 252:209-14. [PMID: 7546675 DOI: 10.1007/bf00179913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year prospective study on primary tracheoesophageal puncture was carried out at Nanavati Hospital and Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, to assess its feasibility in a developing country and its success in vocal rehabilitation. We report our experience with primary tracheoesophageal puncture in 64 patients (57 males and 7 females) following surgical treatment for carcinoma of the pyriform fossa (45 cases) and endolarynx (19 cases). All patients underwent total laryngectomies with or without partial pharyngectomy and primary pharyngeal mucosal closure. Fifty-one patients underwent primary surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. At 3 months successful tracheoesophageal speech was achieved in 84% patients, although this percentage decreased to 67% at 9 months. There were no major complications. Successful vocal rehabilitation was related more to "patient factors" such as delays in seeking medical attention when prosthetic valves dislodged, improper use and care of the valves and inability to learn speech with the prosthesis. Overall, primary tracheoesophageal puncture was found to be feasible and should be used more extensively for vocal rehabilitation following laryngectomy in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Mehta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay, India
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Albuquerque K, Mehta SA, Sarkar S, Mehta AR. Recurrent ameloblastoma of the mandible and maxilla. Indian J Cancer 1993; 30:77-81. [PMID: 8225381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen cases of recurrent ameloblastomas of the mandible and maxilla seen over a 14 year period at the Tata Memorial Hospital were analysed with emphasis on recurrence patterns, type of primary surgery and surgical management. Seventy-five percent of the cases had conservative surgery at the first instance. In our experience, recurrent tumors could be excised widely even in unusual locations with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Albuquerque
- Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay
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Abstract
A case of fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses simulating a neoplasm is reported. Fonsecaea pedrosoi, a dematiacious fungus, which has not been previously reported, was responsible for this unusual infection. Fungal infection may mimic malignant lesions of the paranasal sinuses; however, coexisting malignancy must be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India
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Deshmane VH, Mehta SA, Sarkar S, Mehta AR. Gastric transposition & deltopectoral flap for peristomal recurrence following total laryngectomy--a case report. Indian J Cancer 1992; 29:169-71. [PMID: 1293001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stomal recurrence following laryngectomy presents a difficult problem with an incidence of 8.3-15%. Wide excision of the recurrence with mediastinal dissection, although the operation of choice,m is technically demanding and has a high morbidity and mortality. We recommend a technically easier procedure for reconstruction after palliative excision and present a case to illustrate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Deshmane
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India
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Deshmane VH, Mehta SA, Chandavarkar RY, Mehta AR. Primary tracheo oesophageal puncture our initial experience. Indian J Cancer 1992; 29:114-6. [PMID: 1292994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our initial experience of 9 primary tracheo oesophageal punctures with Blom Singer prosthesis is reported. Patient selection was based on motivation, intelligence and socioeconomic status. Excellent speech resulted in 7 out of 9 patients (77%), with 2 failures (23%). There were no major complications. The results are encouraging, but a larger study is required to determine the role of this procedure in our conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Deshmane
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India
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