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Motter JD, Hussain S, Brown DM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Gilbert AJ, Stock P, Mehta S, Mehta SA, Stosor V, Elias N, Pereira MR, Haidar G, Malinis M, Morris MI, Hand J, Aslam S, Schaenman JM, Baddley J, Small CB, Wojciechowski D, Santos CA, Blumberg EA, Odim J, Apewokin SK, Giorgakis E, Bowring MG, Werbel WA, Desai NM, Tobian AA, Segev DL, Massie AB, Durand CM. Wait Time Advantage for Transplant Candidates With HIV Who Accept Kidneys From Donors With HIV Under the HOPE Act. Transplantation 2024; 108:759-767. [PMID: 38012862 PMCID: PMC11037099 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant (KT) candidates with HIV face higher mortality on the waitlist compared with candidates without HIV. Because the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act has expanded the donor pool to allow donors with HIV (D + ), it is crucial to understand whether this has impacted transplant rates for this population. METHODS Using a linkage between the HOPE in Action trial (NCT03500315) and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified 324 candidates listed for D + kidneys (HOPE) compared with 46 025 candidates not listed for D + kidneys (non-HOPE) at the same centers between April 26, 2018, and May 24, 2022. We characterized KT rate, KT type (D + , false-positive [FP; donor with false-positive HIV testing], D - [donor without HIV], living donor [LD]) and quantified the association between HOPE enrollment and KT rate using multivariable Cox regression with center-level clustering; HOPE was a time-varying exposure. RESULTS HOPE candidates were more likely male individuals (79% versus 62%), Black (73% versus 35%), and publicly insured (71% versus 52%; P < 0.001). Within 4.5 y, 70% of HOPE candidates received a KT (41% D + , 34% D - , 20% FP, 4% LD) versus 43% of non-HOPE candidates (74% D - , 26% LD). Conversely, 22% of HOPE candidates versus 39% of non-HOPE candidates died or were removed from the waitlist. Median KT wait time was 10.3 mo for HOPE versus 60.8 mo for non-HOPE candidates ( P < 0.001). After adjustment, HOPE candidates had a 3.30-fold higher KT rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.30, 95% confidence interval, 2.14-5.10; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Listing for D + kidneys within HOPE trials was associated with a higher KT rate and shorter wait time, supporting the expansion of this practice for candidates with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane M. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sander Florman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Peter Stock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michele I. Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan Hand
- Department of Medicine, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joanna M. Schaenman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John Baddley
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Senu K. Apewokin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emmanouil Giorgakis
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mary Grace Bowring
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Niraj M. Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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2
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Pinheiro RA, Zanuncio JC, Toma R, Isaac Junior JB, Soares MA, Santos CA, Serrão JE, Cabral MJS, Tavares MT. Brachymeria koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): first record as hyperparasitoid in Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) pupae. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e260645. [PMID: 36515296 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R A Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R Toma
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - J B Isaac Junior
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri -- UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - C A Santos
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J E Serrão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M J S Cabral
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri -- UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M T Tavares
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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3
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Benner SE, Eby Y, Zhu X, Fernandez RE, Patel EU, Ruff JE, Habtehyimer F, Schmidt HA, Kirby CS, Hussain S, Ostrander D, Desai NM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Pereira MR, Mehta S, Stock P, Gilbert A, Morris MI, Stosor V, Mehta SA, Small CB, Ranganna K, Santos CA, Aslam S, Husson J, Malinis M, Elias N, Blumberg EA, Doby BL, Massie AB, Smith ML, Odim J, Quinn TC, Laird GM, Siliciano RF, Segev DL, Redd AD, Durand CM, Tobian AA. The effect of induction immunosuppression for kidney transplant on the latent HIV reservoir. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162968. [PMID: 36345940 PMCID: PMC9675561 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV latent viral reservoir (LVR) remains a major challenge in the effort to find a cure for HIV. There is interest in lymphocyte-depleting agents, used in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation to reduce the LVR. This study evaluated the LVR and T cell receptor repertoire in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients using intact proviral DNA assay and T cell receptor sequencing in patients receiving lymphocyte-depleting or lymphocyte-nondepleting immunosuppression induction therapy. CD4+ T cells and intact and defective provirus frequencies decreased following lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy but rebounded to near baseline levels within 1 year after induction. In contrast, these biomarkers were relatively stable over time in the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. The lymphocyte-depleting group had early TCRβ repertoire turnover and newly detected and expanded clones compared with the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. No differences were observed in TCRβ clonality and repertoire richness between groups. These findings suggest that, even with significant decreases in the overall size of the circulating LVR, the reservoir can be reconstituted in a relatively short period of time. These results, while from a relatively unique population, suggest that curative strategies aimed at depleting the HIV LVR will need to achieve specific and durable levels of HIV-infected T cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reinaldo E. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eshan U. Patel
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Feben Habtehyimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darin Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Niraj M. Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Meenakshi M. Rana
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shikha Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michele I. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine B. Small
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karthik Ranganna
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos A.Q. Santos
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Husson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nahel Elias
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brianna L. Doby
- Positive Rhetoric LLC, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health, Education, and Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa L. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonah Odim
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Santos I, Mendes L, Mansinho H, Santos CA. Nutritional status and functional status of the pancreatic cancer patients and the impact of adjacent symptoms. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5486-5493. [PMID: 34656030 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & AIMS Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third most common type of gastrointestinal tract cancer in Europe and the fourth leading cause of death by cancer. Its initial stage is asymptomatic Therefore, the diagnosis tends to be late leading to locally advanced stages that presuppose late and debilitating symptoms, which consequently makes the Nutritional Status (NS) get worse. The weight loss (WL), malnutrition, and oncologic cachexia, which are quite prevalent in PC patients, reflect a poor prognosis. We aimed to track and evaluate the NS and Functional Status (FS) of PC patients (hospitalized patients - HP and Day Hospital patients - DHP) and associate NS with symptoms with nutritional impact and FS. METHODS Observational cohort study in PC patients from Garcia de Orta Hospital. NS was tracked and evaluated using Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). To assess FS we used the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), Karnofsky Performance Scale Index (KPSI) and Handgrip Dynamometer (HGD). RESULTS 41 PC patients (30-HP and 11-DHP). 29 patients in stage IV of the tumor. 24 with a WL >10% in the last 6 months. 37 manifest symptoms with nutritional impact. 30 to 34 malnourished according to the GLIM criteria and PG-SGA, respectively. 11 in ECOG level 2 and corresponding KPSI, 10 in level 3 and 8 in level 4. 28 patients had a value of HGD below the 10th percentile. NRS-2002, PG-SGA and GLIM criteria were positively correlated with the symptoms (p < 0.01), % WL (p < 0.01) and ECOG (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with HGS (p < 0.05 - NRS-2002; p < 0.01 - PG-SGA and GLIM criteria). CONCLUSIONS PC patients manifest debilitating symptoms with nutritional impact, namely severe WL and anorexia, which in turn lead to deterioration of the NS and FS. It is an oncology population with high nutritional risk and a higher prevalence of malnutrition, associated with severe % WL and symptoms and a sharp decline in FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Santos
- Serviço de Nutrição, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal; Dietética e Nutrição, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - L Mendes
- Dietética e Nutrição, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Tecnologia (H&TRC), Portugal
| | - H Mansinho
- Serviço de Hemato-Oncologia, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal
| | - C A Santos
- Serviço de Nutrição, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal; Dietética e Nutrição, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Tecnologia (H&TRC), Portugal
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5
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Rhee Y, Chan EL, Eswaran SL, Aloman C, Hertl M, Santos CA. Fatal COVID-19 in a Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease Wait-Listed for Liver Transplantation: An Evidence-Based Review of COVID-19 Screening Modalities Prior to Transplant. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2020; 15:246-250. [PMID: 32617159 PMCID: PMC7326630 DOI: 10.1002/cld.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Rhee
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Edie L. Chan
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Abdominal TransplantationRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Sheila L. Eswaran
- Department of Internal MedicineSection of HepatologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Costica Aloman
- Department of Internal MedicineSection of HepatologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Martin Hertl
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Abdominal TransplantationRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Carlos A.Q. Santos
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
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6
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Rhee Y, Sha BE, Santos CA. Optimizing Vaccination in Adult Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2020; 15:63-68. [PMID: 32226617 PMCID: PMC7098669 DOI: 10.1002/cld.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
http://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2046-2484/video/15-2-reading-rhee a video presentation of this article http://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2046-2484/video/15-2-interview-rhee an interview with the author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Rhee
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Beverly E. Sha
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Carlos A.Q. Santos
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
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Santos CA, Matos SMA, Pitanga FJG, Maia HF. Handgrip strength as discriminator of sarcopenia and sarcopenia obesity in adults of the ELSA-Brasil. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky214.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CA Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - SMA Matos
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - FJG Pitanga
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - HF Maia
- Department of Life Sciences I, University of the State of Bahia (UNB), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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8
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Abrahamian FM, Aldape MJ, Aldasoro E, Allen UD, Al-Sum H, Anadkat MJ, Anders K, Angelakis E, Angus BJ, Antoniadou A, Arena F, Arends JE, Arribas JR, Artenstein AW, Atherton JC, Aucott JN, Aw TC, Babcock HM, Bailey R, Bailey TC, Banks AZ, Barillo DJ, Barrette EP, Bauer MP, Bayston R, Beard CB, Beardsley J, Beeching NJ, Bégué RE, Beldi G, Benson CA, Berbari EF, Berenger JM, Berger C, Bernardino JI, Bille J, Billioux AC, Bitnun A, Blair I, Blanche S, Bleck TP, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Bleijenberg G, Bloch KC, Blum J, Blumberg EA, Bonomo RA, Bonten MJ, Bourayou R, Bouza E, Brandt KA, Bretelle F, Brisse S, Britton WJ, Brook I, Brouwer MC, Browne SK, Bryant AE, Bühler S, Bulger EM, Buller RML, Burke LA, Burri C, Butler MW, Calandra T, Calfee DP, Calvo-Cano A, Cameron DW, Carcillo JA, Carson G, Chambers ST, Charrel RN, Nguyen VCV, Chevaliez S, Chiller TM, Christaki E, Chung KK, Clifford DB, Clumeck N, Cohen J, Collinge J, Conlon CP, Conrad C, Cooke FJ, Cope JR, Corey GR, Cross JH, Cunha BA, Cunha CB, D'Journo B, Daikos GL, Daniels JM, Davidson RN, Day NP, De Cock KM, de Silva TI, de Vries HJ, de Wit S, Delaloye J, Denning DW, Dennis DT, Dhanireddy S, Dielubanza EJ, Diemert DJ, Doganay M, Doherty T, Dolecek C, Dondorp AM, Douglas A, Drancourt M, Dubourg G, Dudley MN, Durand G, Eckhardt BJ, Efstratiou A, Ekkelenkamp MB, Eranki A, Erdem H, Escota GV, Evans HL, Eziefula AC, Fenollar F, Fenwick A, Fierer J, Finch RG, Fleckenstein JM, Forstner C, Foschi F, Fournier PE, French MA, Gage KL, Garcia LS, Gascon J, Gastañaduy AS, Gautret P, Geisler WM, Ghanem KG, Giani T, Giannella M, Gilliam BL, Gilliet M, Glaser CA, Glupczynski Y, Gnann JW, Goldstein EJ, Gottstein B, Gouriet F, Gravitt PE, Green MD, Green ST, Groll AH, Gulick RM, Gupta A, Habib G, Harbarth S, Harris M, Hayden FG, Hetem DJ, Hill PC, Hirschel B, Hodowanec AC, Hoffart L, Hoffmann C, Holland SM, Horby PW, Horne DJ, Hraiech S, Hull MW, Huttner A, Ingram RJ, Islam J, Ison MG, James SH, Jenkins C, Jenkins SG, Jensen JS, Johnston C, Jones TB, Jordan SJ, Julian KG, Kato Y, Kauffman CA, Kaye KS, Keane MP, Keeney J, Kelly P, Kent SJ, Kern WV, Keynan Y, Kim AA, Koné-Paut I, Kosmidis C, Kroes AC, Kroon FP, Ksiazek TG, Kuhlmann FM, Kuijper EJ, Kwon JH, Kyei GB, Lacombe K, Lagacé-Wiens P, Lagier JC, Lamagni T, Landraud L, Lanternier F, LaPlante KL, Lawn SD, Lawrence SJ, Leblebicioglu H, Lee N, Leggett JE, Lehours P, Levy PY, Leyh RG, Lillis RA, Limmathurotsakul D, Lin J, Lindquist HA, Lipsky BA, Liscynesky C, Looney D, Lortholary O, Lowy FD, Luft BJ, Mackowiak PA, MacPherson PA, Maghraoui-Slim V, Mallon PW, Mangino JE, Manuel O, Marchetti O, Marks KM, Marr KA, Marrazzo J, Marschall J, Martin DH, Matonti F, Matulewicz RS, Mayer KH, McCulloh RJ, McGready R, Mdodo R, Mead S, Mégraud F, Meintjes G, Metcalf SC, Michaels MG, Migliori GB, Miles MA, Miller A, Mimiaga MJ, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Misch EA, Mitreva M, Montaner JS, Moore CB, Muñoz P, Muñoz J, Murray CK, Musso D, Mutengo M, Mutizwa MM, Naber KG, Natarajan P, Neme S, Newton PN, Nichols RA, Nicolle LE, Nosten F, Notarangelo LD, Nutman TB, Nyirjesy P, O'Connell PR, Opal SM, Ormerod LP, Osmon DR, Pankert MB, Pantaleo G, Papazian L, Parente DM, Parola P, Parsaei S, Pascual MA, Patel R, Patrozou E, Pawlotsky JM, Peacock SJ, Pechère JC, Pelegrin I, Peters BS, Peters EJ, Petersen JM, Petersen LR, Petraitis V, Pham LL, Picado A, Pilatz A, Pilmis B, Pinazo MJ, Pletz MW, Pogue JM, Polgreen EL, Polgreen PM, Posfay-Barbe KM, Powderly WG, Presti R, Prod'hom G, Puolakkainen M, Quinn TC, Raoult D, Razonable RR, Read RC, Redfield RR, Rentenaar RJ, Reynolds SJ, Ribi C, Richardson MD, Ritter ML, Roch A, Rockstroh JK, Rojek A, Romero JR, Rooijakkers SH, Rosenbluth D, Rosenzweig SD, Rossolini GM, Rubinstein E, Ryan G, Safren SA, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Saikku PA, Sajadi MM, Salvaggio MR, Santos CA, Satlin MJ, Schaeffer AJ, Schimmer C, Schooley RT, Schumacher RF, Sha BE, Shapiro DS, Sheehan G, Shlaes DM, Shoham S, Simmons CP, Simon DW, Simon MS, Simonsen KA, Slack MP, Smith TT, Sobel JD, Souli M, Sridhar S, Steckelberg JM, Stevens DL, Strah H, Sturm AW, Sungkanuparph S, Tabrizi SJ, Tacconelli E, Tan CS, Taplitz RA, Thomas G, Thomas LD, Thuny F, Thwaites G, Tissot F, Tønjum T, Torriani FJ, Toso C, Tulkens PM, Tunkel AR, Turner CE, Ustianowski AP, van Bambeke F, van Crevel R, van de Beek D, van Delden C, van der Eerden MM, van der Meer JW, van der Poll T, van Ingen J, van Putten J, Vaudaux BP, Vermund SH, Viscidi RP, Visvanathan K, Visvesvara GS, von Seidlein L, Wagenlehner FM, Wald A, Walsh TJ, Warhurst DC, Warnock DW, Warrell DA, Warrell MJ, Warris A, Watkins RR, Weatherall DJ, Weber R, Weidner W, White JR, White PJ, Whitehorn J, Whitley RJ, Whitty CJ, Wiersinga WJ, Wilcox MH, Williams TN, Wilson CC, Wilson ME, Wisplinghoff H, Wood R, Wunderink RG, Wyles D, Yang ZT, Yoder JS, Zaidi NA, Zimmer AJ, Zuckerman JN, Zumla A. List of Contributors. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Tunçalp Ö, Souza JP, Hindin MJ, Santos CA, Oliveira TH, Vogel JP, Togoobaatar G, Ha DQ, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM. Education and severe maternal outcomes in developing countries: a multicountry cross-sectional survey. BJOG 2014; 121 Suppl 1:57-65. [PMID: 24641536 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between education and severe maternal outcomes among women delivering in healthcare facilities. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Twenty-nine countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. POPULATION Pregnant women admitted to 359 facilities during a period of 2-4 months of data collection between 2010 and 2011. METHODS Data were obtained from hospital records. Stratification was based on the Human Development Index (HDI) values of the participating countries. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between maternal morbidity and education, categorised in quartiles based on the years of formal education by country. Coverage of key interventions was assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Severe maternal outcomes (near misses and death). RESULTS A significant association between low education and severe maternal outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 1.46-2.95), maternal near miss (aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.25-2.57), and maternal death (aOR 5.62; 95% CI 3.45-9.16) was observed. This relationship persisted in countries with medium HDIs (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.33-4.17) and low HDIs (aOR 2.65; 95% CI 1.54-2.57). Less educated women also had increased odds of presenting to the hospital in a severe condition (i.e. with organ dysfunction on arrival or within 24 hours: aOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.36-3.10). The probability that a woman received magnesium sulphate for eclampsia or had a caesarean section significantly increased as education level increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Women with lower levels of education are at greater risk for severe maternal outcomes, even after adjustment for key confounding factors. This is particularly true for women in countries that have poorer markers of social and economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Tunçalp
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Favaro MTP, de Toledo MAS, Alves RF, Santos CA, Beloti LL, Janissen R, de la Torre LG, Souza AP, Azzoni AR. Development of a non-viral gene delivery vector based on the dynein light chain Rp3 and the TAT peptide. J Biotechnol 2014; 173:10-8. [PMID: 24417903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy and DNA vaccination trials are limited by the lack of gene delivery vectors that combine efficiency and safety. Hence, the development of modular recombinant proteins able to mimic mechanisms used by viruses for intracellular trafficking and nuclear delivery is an important strategy. We designed a modular protein (named T-Rp3) composed of the recombinant human dynein light chain Rp3 fused to an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal membrane active peptide, TAT. The T-Rp3 protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and interacted with the dynein intermediate chain in vitro. It was also proven to efficiently interact and condense plasmid DNA, forming a stable, small (∼100nm) and positively charged (+28.6mV) complex. Transfection of HeLa cells using T-Rp3 revealed that the vector is highly dependent on microtubule polarization, being 400 times more efficient than protamine, and only 13 times less efficient than Lipofectamine 2000™, but with a lower cytotoxicity. Confocal laser scanning microcopy studies revealed perinuclear accumulation of the vector, most likely as a result of transport via microtubules. This study contributes to the development of more efficient and less cytotoxic proteins for non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T P Favaro
- Laboratório de Análise Genética e Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M A S de Toledo
- Laboratório de Análise Genética e Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R F Alves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Santos
- Laboratório de Análise Genética e Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L L Beloti
- Laboratório de Análise Genética e Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R Janissen
- Instituto de Física Aplicada "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L G de la Torre
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A P Souza
- Laboratório de Análise Genética e Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A R Azzoni
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Toledo MAS, Favaro MTP, Alves RF, Santos CA, Beloti LL, Crucello A, Santiago AS, Mendes JS, Horta MAC, Aparicio R, Souza AP, Azzoni AR. Characterization of the human dynein light chain Rp3 and its use as a non-viral gene delivery vector. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3591-602. [PMID: 24077724 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dynein light chains mediate the interaction between the cargo and the dynein motor complex during retrograde microtubule-mediated transport in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we expressed and characterized the recombinant human dynein light chain Rp3 and developed a modified variant harboring an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (Rp3-Db). Our approach aimed to explore the retrograde cell machinery based on dynein to enhance plasmid DNA (pDNA) traffic along the cytosol toward the nucleus. In the context of non-viral gene delivery, Rp3-Db is expected to simultaneously interact with DNA and dynein, thereby enabling a more rapid and efficient transport of the genetic material across the cytoplasm. We successfully purified recombinant Rp3 and obtained a low-resolution structural model using small-angle X-ray scattering. Additionally, we observed that Rp3 is a homodimer under reducing conditions and remains stable over a broad pH range. The ability of Rp3 to interact with the dynein intermediate chain in vitro was also observed, indicating that the recombinant Rp3 is correctly folded and functional. Finally, Rp3-Db was successfully expressed and purified and exhibited the ability to interact with pDNA and mediate the transfection of cultured HeLa cells. Rp3-Db was also capable of interacting in vitro with dynein intermediate chains, indicating that the addition of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain does not compromise its function. The transfection level observed for Rp3-Db is far superior than that reported for protamine and is comparable to that of the cationic lipid Lipofectamine™. This report presents an initial characterization of a non-viral delivery vector based on the dynein light chain Rp3 and demonstrates the potential use of modified human light chains as gene delivery vectors.
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Santos CA, Caldeira ML, Lopes da Silva T, Novais JM, Reis A. Enhanced lipidic algae biomass production using gas transfer from a fermentative Rhodosporidium toruloides culture to an autotrophic Chlorella protothecoides culture. Bioresour Technol 2013; 138:48-54. [PMID: 23612161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to produce single-cell oil for biodiesel, a yeast and a microalga were, for the first time, grown in two separate reactors connected by their gas-phases, taking advantage of their complementary nutritional metabolisms, i.e., respiration and photosynthesis. The yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was used for lipid production, originating a carbon dioxide-enriched outlet gas stream which in turn was used to stimulate the autotrophic growth of Chlorella protothecoides in a vertical-alveolar-panel (VAP) photobioreactor. The microalgal biomass productivity was 0.015 gL(-1)h(-1), and its lipid productivity attained 2.2 mgL(-1)h(-1) when aerated with the outlet gas stream from the yeast fermenter. These values represent an increase of 94% and 87%, respectively, as compared to a control culture aerated with air. The CO2 bio-fixed by the microalgal biomass reached an estimated value of 29 mgL(-1)h(-1) in the VAP receiving the gas stream from the fermenter, a value 1.9 times higher than that measured in the control VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Santos
- LNEG, U. Bioenergia, edificio F, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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Santos CA, Panchoni LC, Bini D, Kuwano BH, Carmo KB, Silva SMCP, Martines AM, Andrade G, Andrade DS, Cardoso EJBN, Zangaro W, Nogueira MA. Land application of municipal landfill leachate: fate of ions and ammonia volatilization. J Environ Qual 2013; 42:523-531. [PMID: 23673845 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are pollutants rich in ammoniacal N, Na, and K, but land application potentially offers an alternative for recycling these leachate nutrients. We applied landfill leachate corresponding to 0, 110, 220, 330, and 440 kg ha of total N, divided in three applications (July, August, and October 2008), onto the surface of an acidic (pH 5.5-6.0) clay (79% clay) Ultisol and monitored NH volatilization just after applications and microbiological (0-10 cm) and chemical attributes (0-60-cm soil depth) in August 2008, January 2009, and May 2009. Ammonium (up to 30 mg kg), NO (up to 160 mg kg), Na, K (up to 1.1 cmol kg each), and electrical conductivity (up to 1 dS m) increased transiently in soil following applications. Despite >90% of the total leachate N being ammoniacal, NO predominated in the first soil sampling, 14 d after the second application, suggesting fast nitrification, but it decreased in the soil profile thereafter. From 5 to 25% of the total applied N volatilized as NH, with maximum losses within the first 3 d. Applications inhibited (50%) the relative nitrification rate and increased (50%) hot-water-soluble carbohydrates in the soil at the highest rate. No effects were observed on soil microbial biomass C (114-205 mg kg) and activity (5-8 mg CO-C kg d) or on corn grain yields (6349-7233 kg ha). Controlled land application seems to be a viable alternative for landfill leachate management, but NO leaching, NH volatilization, and accumulation of salinizing ions must be monitored in the long term to prevent environmental degradation.
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Martines AM, Nogueira MA, Santos CA, Nakatani AS, Andrade CA, Coscione AR, Cantarella H, Sousa JP, Cardoso EJBN. Ammonia volatilization in soil treated with tannery sludge. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:4690-4696. [PMID: 20171093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of tannery sludge in agricultural areas can be an alternative for its disposal and recycling. Despite this procedure may cause the loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization, there is no information about this process in tropical soils. For two years a field experiment was carried out in Rolândia (Paraná State, Brazil), to evaluate the amount of NH(3) volatilization due to tannery sludge application on agricultural soil. The doses of total N applied varied from zero to 1200 kg ha(-1), maintained at the surface for 89 days, as usual in this region. The alkalinity of the tannery sludge used was equivalent to between 262 and 361 g CaCO(3) per kg. Michaelis-Menten equation was adequate to estimate NH(3)-N volatilization kinetics. The relation between total nitrogen applied as tannery sludge and the potentially volatilized NH(3)-N, calculated by the chemical-kinetics equation resulted in an average determination coefficient of 0.87 (P>0.01). In this period, the amount of volatilized NH(3) was more intense during the first 30 days; the time to reach half of the maximum NH(3) volatilization (K(m)) was 13 an 9 days for the first and second experiments, respectively. The total loss as ammonia in the whole period corresponded in average to 17.5% of the total N applied and to 35% of the NH(4)(+)-N present in the sludge. If tannery sludge is to be surface applied to supply N for crops, the amounts lost as NH(3) must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Martines
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Santos CA, Falconi FA. Relationship between ecological concepts and biosafety in broiler breeder farms. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Santos CA, Freedman BD, Ghosn S, Jacob JS, Scarpulla M, Mathiowitz E. Evaluation of anhydride oligomers within polymer microsphere blends and their impact on bioadhesion and drug delivery in vitro. Biomaterials 2003; 24:3571-83. [PMID: 12809786 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of small molecular weight anhydride oligomers to polymer microspheres was evaluated and increased bioadhesion of the composite was demonstrated. Blends of low molecular weight anhydride oligomers with thermoplastic poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride) [p(FASA)] and polycaprolactone were examined. The effects of anhydride oligomers on polymer microsphere degradation, crystallinity, and surface morphology were also explored. The results demonstrated that fumaric anhydride oligomer remained within polymer microspheres for several hours after exposure to phosphate buffer, formed a homogenous crystalline blend, increased bioadhesion as measured on rat intestine, and enhanced drug delivery in vitro as measured by the everted sac technique.
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Costa MC, Santos CA, Sobrinho CL, Freitas JO, Ferreira KA. [Mother-infant indicators in adolescence and youth: socio-demographic, prenatal, delivery and newborns]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77:235-42. [PMID: 14647589 DOI: 10.2223/jped.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics and associations between maternal age and gestation, delivery, and livebirths of adolescent and young adult mothers in the city of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional, epidemiological study with a population of livebirths and adolescent mothers (aged 10-16 and 17-19 years) and young adult mothers (aged 20-24 years). The information were obtained from the Livebirths Information System (SINASC-1998) for a total of 5,279 livebirths. Study variables were classified into socio-demographic factors (age, schooling of the mother, sex of the newborn) and related to term, delivery, gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar score. Data were processed using prevalence ratio and multivariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to control confounding factors (prenatal and gestational age) and to establish an association between maternal age and birth weight. RESULTS: In 1998, 21.6% of all livebirths in the city of Feira de Santana were from adolescent mothers; out of these mothers, 51.2% had not finished junior high or elementary school. Prevalence ratio and adjusted odds ratio for the 10-16 years of age group indicated increased prevalence of illiteracy, no prenatal examination, and low birth weight and a low prevalence of adequate weight of the newborn in comparison to other age groups studied. Logistic regression showed a positive association between maternal age and low birth weight. We also observed that the SINASC database lacked information in many different fields. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated, for adolescent mothers, a high prevalence of livebirths and low schooling. Also, especially for the 10-16 years of age group, we observed increased risks for illiteracy, no prenatal examinations, low birth weight, and inadequate weight of the newborn in comparison to other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), BA, Brazil
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Barreto ML, Rodrigues LC, Silva RC, Assis AM, Reis MG, Santos CA, Blanton RE. Lower hookworm incidence, prevalence, and intensity of infection in children with a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination scar. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1800-3. [PMID: 11069259 DOI: 10.1086/317627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2000] [Revised: 08/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the most common vaccine worldwide, has broad effects on the immune system. Hookworm infections are a major source of morbidity. In response to a preliminary report of BCG vaccination protection against nematodes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults, data from an ongoing prospective study were analyzed to determine the intensity (eggs per gram of stool), prevalence, and incidence of different helminths in children with and without a BCG vaccination scar. Adjusted prevalence and incidence ratios were estimated by using logistic regression. Children with a BCG vaccination scar were found to have statistically significantly lower hookworm prevalence (41%), incidence (37%), and mean egg counts (39%), after controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. There was no BCG association with incidence, prevalence, or intensity of infection with Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, or Trichuris trichiura. Such protection would have implications for public health and for research on mechanisms behind human immunological responses to hookworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Barreto
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/UFBa, Rua Padre Feijó, 29/4o andar-Canela 40.110-170 Salvador, Bahia Brazil.
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Abstract
The isolation of (+)-uleine (1) and (+)-demethoxyaspidospermine (2) from the bark of Plumeria lancifolia is reported along with (1)H- and (13)C-NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O França
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botânico, 80210-070 Curitiba, Brazil
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Santos CA, Jacob JS, Hertzog BA, Freedman BD, Press DL, Harnpicharnchai P, Mathiowitz E. Correlation of two bioadhesion assays: the everted sac technique and the CAHN microbalance. J Control Release 1999; 61:113-22. [PMID: 10469908 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This contribution correlates two in vitro methods utilized to determine bioadhesion. One method, the everted intestinal sac technique, is a passive test for bioadhesion involving several polymer microspheres and a section of everted intestinal tissue. The other method, the CAHN microbalance, employs a CAHN dynamic contact angle analyzer with modified software to record the tensile forces measured as a single polymer microsphere is pulled from intestinal tissue. This study demonstrates that CAHN and everted sac experiments yield similar results when used to quantify the bioadhesive nature of polymer microsphere systems. A polymer showing high adhesion in one method also demonstrates high bioadhesion in the other method; polymers that exhibit high fracture strength and tensile work measurements with the CAHN microbalance also yield high binding percentages with the everted sac method. The polymers tested and reported here are poly(caprolactone) and different copolymer ratios of poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride). The results of this correlation demonstrate that each method alone is a valuable indicator of bioadhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Box G-B393, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Santos CA, Freedman BD, Leach KJ, Press DL, Scarpulla M, Mathiowitz E. Poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride). A degradation study as evaluated by FTIR, DSC, GPC and X-ray diffraction. J Control Release 1999; 60:11-22. [PMID: 10370167 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of three poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride) [P(FA:SA)] copolymers is examined in a composition of microspheres made by the hot melt encapsulation process. The emergence of low molecular weight oligomers occurs during degradation of the copolymer microspheres, as evidenced by a variety of characterization methods. Characterization was conducted to determine the extent of degradation of the polyanhydride microspheres using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. It is demonstrated that degradation of P(FA:SA) is greatly accelerated at basic pH, yet there is little difference between degradation in neutral and acidic buffers. A good correlation exists between the results of each characterization method, which allows a better understanding of the degradation process and the resulting formation of low molecular weight oligomers in poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride).
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Box G-B393, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Noronha CV, Machado EP, Tapparelli G, Cordeiro TR, Laranjeira DH, Santos CA. [Violence, ethnic groups and skin color: a study on differences in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1999; 5:268-77. [PMID: 10355326 DOI: 10.1590/s1020-49891999000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of various forms of violence--structural, institutional, interpersonal, and crime-related--in the three most common color groups of Bahian society: mulattos, whites, and blacks. The study compared the levels of victimization of mulatto, white, and black individuals with their assessments of the efficiency of crime-control institutions, in order to ascertain how that relates to those same citizens' acceptance of authoritarian attitudes and norms. The data analyzed came from the multicenter project on Attitudes and Cultural Standards about Violence (ACTIVA) project, from a sample of 1,384 residents of the Salvador metropolitan region. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey, with interviews done in the people's homes between September and December of 1996. The sample selection was done in three stages: first, residential areas were chosen at random; then, a systematic selection was made from the homes in each of the selected areas; finally, the persons to be interviewed were chosen at random. To collect the data the researchers used a pretested questionnaire that had been designed for the ACTIVA study. The results showed an unequal distribution of structural violence that mainly affected blacks. There were no differences by color group for interpersonal and institutional violence. Criminal violence impacted whites and blacks to the same degree. Distrust in the efficiency of the civil and military police and in the justice and penal systems was very high among all three color groups. Moreover, few differences were found among the groups with regard to authoritarian attitudes and norms. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that public order is threatened if the dissatisfaction with institutions for crime prevention and reduction continues at a high level at the same time that individuals tend to support violence to resolve conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Noronha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Bahia, Brasil.
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Morris SS, Santos CA, Barreto ML, Cousens SN, Strina A, Santos LM, Assis AM. Measuring the burden of common morbidities: sampling disease experience versus continuous surveillance. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:1087-92. [PMID: 9620053 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal prevalence, the proportion of all days of observation that a given individual manifests symptoms of illness, is a measure of disease frequency that is easy to generate from daily morbidity data and has been shown to be strongly related to subsequent health outcome. It is hypothesized that this measure could be derived using a representative sample of days of observation rather than continuous surveillance. The authors use 1990-1991 data from a Brazilian supplementation trial comprising a year's daily records of the occurrence of diarrhea, fever, and cough in 906 children under 5 years of age to examine how many days of morbidity data need to be observed to rank subjects into quintiles of illness frequency. Systematic samples of the full data set, based on every 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 30th day of data, are compared with the continuous record. For diarrhea and fever, estimates based on less than 72 days of observation result in over one fourth of individuals who should have been in the extreme quintiles of the morbidity distribution being misclassified, and over one fifth of all subjects appear (falsely) to suffer no morbidity. Estimates of longitudinal prevalence should be based on at least 72 days of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Morris
- Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Egilmez NK, Jong YS, Iwanuma Y, Jacob JS, Santos CA, Chen FA, Mathiowitz E, Bankert RB. Cytokine immunotherapy of cancer with controlled release biodegradable microspheres in a human tumor xenograft/SCID mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1998; 46:21-4. [PMID: 9520288 PMCID: PMC11037336 DOI: 10.1007/s002620050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel biodegradable poly(lactic acid) microsphere formulation was evaluated for in vivo cytokine immunotherapy of cancer in a human tumor xenograft/ severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. Co-injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-loaded microspheres with tumor cells into a subcutaneous site resulted in the complete suppression of tumor engraftment in 80% of animals. In contrast, bovine-serum-albumin(BSA)-loaded particles or bolus injections of poly(ethylene glycol)/IL-2 were ineffective in preventing tumor growth. The antitumor effect of IL-2 released by the microspheres was shown to be mediated by the mouse natural killer cells. This is the first evidence that the rejection of human tumor xenografts can be provoked by the sustained in vivo delivery of IL-2 from biodegradable microspheres. The use of poly(lactic acid) microspheres to deliver cytokines to the tumor environment could provide a safer and simpler alternative to gene therapy protocols in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Egilmez
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Mathiowitz E, Jacob JS, Jong YS, Carino GP, Chickering DE, Chaturvedi P, Santos CA, Vijayaraghavan K, Montgomery S, Bassett M, Morrell C. Biologically erodable microspheres as potential oral drug delivery systems. Nature 1997; 386:410-4. [PMID: 9121559 DOI: 10.1038/386410a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologically adhesive delivery systems offer important advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. Here we show that engineered polymer microspheres made of biologically erodable polymers, which display strong adhesive interactions with gastrointestinal mucus and cellular linings, can traverse both the mucosal absorptive epithelium and the follicle-associated epithelium covering the lymphoid tissue of Peyer's patches. The polymers maintain contact with intestinal epithelium for extended periods of time and actually penetrate it, through and between cells. Thus, once loaded with compounds of pharmacological interest, the microspheres could be developed as delivery systems to transfer biologically active molecules to the circulation. We show that these microspheres increase the absorption of three model substances of widely different molecular size: dicumarol, insulin and plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mathiowitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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Pinho JR, Capacci ML, da Silva LC, Carrilho FJ, Santos CA, Pugliese V, Guz B, Levi JE, Ballarati CA, Bernardini AP. Hepatitis G virus/GB virus C in Brazil. Preliminary report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996; 38:243-6. [PMID: 9163994 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651996000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis G virus/GB virus C is a novel flavivirus recently detected in hepatitis non A-E cases. In this study, the presence of this virus in chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis patients was evaluated using GBV-C specific PCR and this virus was detected in one out of thirteen patients. This patient has presented a severe liver failure, has lived for a long time in the Western Amazon basin and no other cause for this clinical picture was reported. The impact of the discovery of this new agent is still under evaluation throughout the world. The study of the prevalence of this virus among chronic hepatitis patients and healthy individuals (as blood donors) will furnish subside to evaluate its real pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pinho
- Serviço de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
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27
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Garcia C, Rocha AS, Rocha N, Scherr C, Coimbra M, Vieira S, Santos CA, Villela R, Ferreira M, Dutra P. [Myocardial revascularization in left coronary trunk lesion in patients over 65 years old]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1995; 64:217-20. [PMID: 7487507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the short and long-term follow-up of patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and age over 65 years, by comparing the results with patients under 65 years-old. METHODS Twenty-two patients with LMCAD and mean age of 69 +/- 3.5 years (group I) were underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and compared to 31 patients with LMCAD, mean age of 54 +/- 7 years (group II), who also underwent isolated CABG. The life-table Kaplan-Meyer method was used to estimate the post-operative survival. The chi-square and Student "t" test were used when necessary. RESULTS Despite higher operative mortality in group I (9.1% x 3.2%), the difference was statistically not significant. The operative morbidity was similar in both groups. Actuarial survival at 4 years was 85% in group I and 95% in group II. Actuarial survival free of cardiac events was 69% in group II and 75% in group II. CONCLUSION The CABG is well tolerated and had low morbidity and acceptable mortality in old patients with LMCAD. The long-term survival in these patients was very similar to the younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garcia
- Hospital de Cardiologia de Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro
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Santos CA. Stationary convection in a plasma of inhomogeneous density. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:931-933. [PMID: 9961292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Pinho JR, Santos CA, Gonzalez CL, Bassit L, Barreto CC, Saez-Alquezar A, França AV, Carrilho FJ, Fonseca LE, Chamone DA. Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1993; 35:515-20. [PMID: 7997755 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651993000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of HBV-DNA by PCR was compared with other serological markers (HBsAG, HBeAg and anti-HBe) in a series of 49 Chronic Hepatitis B patients, including 12 with a spontaneous clearance of HBsAg. None of these HBsAg negative cases were PCR positive, but 33/37 (89.2%) HBsAg positive cases were PCR positive (p < 0.0001). Among HBsAg positive samples, nine cases were HBeAg positive and anti-HBe negative, all of them PCR positive. Other 3 patients were HBeAg and anti-HBe positive and these cases were also found PCR positive. A third group included 21 patients anti-HBe positive and HBeAg negative: 19 of them were PCR positive and 2 were PCR negative. The last 4 cases were HBeAg and anti-HBe negative, two of them were PCR positive. The detection of anti-HBe viremic cases in the present series suggest that preC variants could occur in our country. In conclusion, the integrated phase of chronic hepatitis B seems to be less frequent than it was assumed, when only HBeAg or dot blot hybridization techniques were used. The new term "low replication phase" might favorably replace the former "integrated phase".
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pinho
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, Brasil
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de Lima JJ, Botelho MF, Rafael JA, Bernardo J, Gonçalves LM, Pacheco MF, Santos CA, Pinto AJ, Cerqueira MD. Evaluation of pulmonary systemic blood flow using ECG gated acquisition. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:1441-6. [PMID: 8355061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a functional parametric analysis method using ECG-gated 99mTc-labeled red blood cell (RBC) imaging for detection and characterization of periodic variations in local blood activity in the lungs during cardiac cycle. We validated in animal experiments that such count variations correlate with cyclical pulmonary blood flow and may be used for evaluation of systemic-to-pulmonary shunts. Clinical studies were performed in 48 patients. After labeling the RBC pool with 99mTc, ECG-gated gamma camera images of both lung fields were acquired and processed to obtain Fourier transforms of time/activity functions in selected regions. The first harmonic parametric images of amplitude and phase were derived. There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.92) between activity variations and pulsatile flow measured by our method with that obtained by the thermodilution method in dog experiments (n = 10) after implantation of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. Patient studies showed the technique to be sensitive in detecting and quantifying abnormal systemic-to-pulmonary blood flow. Lung pulsatile flow can thus be noninvasively measured from functional parametric phase and amplitude images; the technique may be useful for detecting and quantifying abnormal systemic-to-pulmonary blood flow in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J de Lima
- Biophysics Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
The effects of subcutaneous injections of methadone hydrochloride (0.75mg, 1.5mg and 2.5mg/kg) on lever pressing maintained by fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement were examined in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Response output over a 30 min session decreased as a function of increasing drug dose when reinforcement was delivered for every 5 responses. Increasing the response to reinforcement ratio from 5 to 20 in a second experiment doubled and nearly quadrupled responding by DBA and C57 mice, respectively. Injecting animals maintained on this schedule with methadone reduced responding to the same extent as that observed in the first experiment when response rates were lower. Hence, these experiments provide no support for the effect of methadone being rate-dependent. In both experiments methadone disrupted responding of DBA more than that of C57 mice. This finding is consistent with a previous report that other narcotic analgesics were more potent analgesics for DBA than for C57 mice. From these studies it appears that the opposite changes in locomotor activity upon an exposure to narcotic analgesics does not generalize to behavior under control of reinforcing stimuli; and that both the effects obtained in the present study and the analgesic action are dissociated from the effects of these drugs on locomotor activity.
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Abstract
Offspring of C57BL/6J injected daily with phenobarbital for the last third of pregnancy responded less than control animals when maintained on various fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. The response decrement became more pronounced as the schedule demands were increased and was noted in offspring of both sexes. The higest dose (80 mg/kg) was less effective than the 2 lower doses (20 mg and 40 mg/kg) in producing the decrement which may reflect a selection factor due to high neonatal mortality previously reported at this dose. The study provides no evidence of the mechanism mediating the long term behavioral abnormality but does clearly extend the finding of such changes to doses which do not produce increased neonatal mortality or noticeable morphological changes.
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Abstract
Mature offspring of C57BL/6J mice (Mus musculus) injected daily with phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) for the last third of pregnancy differed from saline and untreated control animals on 3 measures of behavior. Offspring of phenobarbital treated animals had higher locomotor scores than controls during an open field activity test at 75 days of age. Male offspring were also tested on a 1-trial passive avoidance task and treated animals were found to be deficient. Finally, female offspring responded less than controls on fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. The behavioral changes suggest that offspring of mice injected with phenobarbital during pregnancy are less responsive to the stimuli in their environment which maintain behavior.
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Middaugh LD, Blackwell LA, Santos CA, Zemp JW. Effects of d-amphetamine sulfate given to pregnant mice on activity and on catecholamines in the brains of offspring. Dev Psychobiol 1974; 7:429-38. [PMID: 4426470 DOI: 10.1002/dev.420070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Santos CA. [In which occupational category is nursing in a modern Brazilean hospital school?]. Rev Bras Enferm 1971; 24:112-22. [PMID: 5210754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Santos CA, Almeida MC, Pelá NT. [Communication with patients, informal chat or group discussion?]. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1969; 8:181-98. [PMID: 5272697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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