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Naresh RK, Singh PK, Bhatt R, Chandra MS, Kumar Y, Mahajan NC, Gupta SK, Al-Ansari N, Mattar MA. Publisher Correction: Long‑term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6282. [PMID: 38491029 PMCID: PMC10942967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R K Naresh
- Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - P K Singh
- Director Extension Education, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Rajan Bhatt
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amritsar, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mandapelli Sharath Chandra
- AICRP On Integrated Farming System, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - N C Mahajan
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U. P, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Varsi F, Ahmad S, Chakraborty M, Chandra A, Dugad SR, Goswami UD, Gupta SK, Hariharan B, Hayashi Y, Jagadeesan P, Jain A, Jain P, Kawakami S, Kojima H, Lipari P, Mahapatra S, Mohanty PK, Moharana R, Muraki Y, Nayak PK, Nonaka T, Oshima A, Pant BP, Pattanaik D, Paul S, Pradhan GS, Rameez M, Ramesh K, Reddy LV, Saha S, Sahoo R, Scaria R, Shibata S, Zuberi M. Evidence of a Hardening in the Cosmic Ray Proton Spectrum at around 166 TeV Observed by the GRAPES-3 Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:051002. [PMID: 38364164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 50 TeV to 1.3 PeV using 7.81×10^{6} extensive air shower events recorded by the ground-based GRAPES-3 experiment between 1 January 2014 and 26 October 2015 with a live time of 460 day. Our measurements provide an overlap with direct observations by satellite and balloon-based experiments. The electromagnetic and muon components in the shower were measured by a dense array of plastic scintillator detectors and a tracking muon telescope, respectively. The relative composition of the proton primary from the air shower data containing all primary particles was extracted using the multiplicity distribution of muons which is a sensitive observable for mass composition. The observed proton spectrum suggests a spectral hardening at ∼166 TeV and disfavors a single power law description of the spectrum up to the Knee energy (∼3 PeV).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Varsi
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Chakraborty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - A Chandra
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - S R Dugad
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - U D Goswami
- Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - B Hariharan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Y Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - P Jagadeesan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - A Jain
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - P Jain
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - S Kawakami
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - H Kojima
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN, Sezione Roma "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - P K Mohanty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - R Moharana
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Y Muraki
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - P K Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - T Nonaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Tokyo University, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Oshima
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - B P Pant
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - D Pattanaik
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | - S Paul
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - G S Pradhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - M Rameez
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - K Ramesh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - L V Reddy
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - S Saha
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - R Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - R Scaria
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - S Shibata
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - M Zuberi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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Ansari FA, Hassan H, Ramanna L, Gani KM, Singh K, Rawat I, Gupta SK, Kumari S, Bux F. Recycling air conditioner-generated condensate water for microalgal biomass production and carbon dioxide sequestration. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119917. [PMID: 38183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Air conditioners alleviate the discomfort of human beings from heat waves that are consequences of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities. With each passing year, the effects of global warming worsen, increasing the growth of air conditioning industry. Air conditioning units produce substantial amounts of non-nutritive and (generally) neglected condensate water and greenhouse gases. Considering this, the study explored the potential of using air conditioner condensate water (ACW) to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana, producing biomass, and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). The maximum biomass production was obtained in the BG11 medium (1.45 g L-1), followed by ACW-50 (1.3 g L-1). Similarly, the highest chlorophyll-a content was observed in the BG11 medium (11 μg mL-1), followed by ACW-50 (9.11 μg mL-1). The ACW-50 cultures proved to be better adapted to physiological stress (Fv/Fm > 0.5) and can be suitable for achieving maximum biomass with adequate lipid, protein, and carbohydrate production. Moreover, C. sorokiniana demonstrated higher lipid and carbohydrate yields in the ACW-50 medium, while biomass production and protein yields were comparable to the BG11 medium. The lipid, protein, and carbohydrate productivity were 23.43, 32.9, and 23.19 mg L-1 d-1, respectively for ACW-50. Estimation of carbon capture potential through this approach equals to 9.5% of the total emissions which is an added advantage The results indicated that ACW could be effectively utilized for microalgae cultivation, reducing the reliance on freshwater for large-scale microalgal biomass production and reduce the carbon footprints of the air conditioning industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - H Hassan
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - L Ramanna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - K M Gani
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - K Singh
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - I Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - S K Gupta
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - S Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - F Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Naresh RK, Singh PK, Bhatt R, Chandra MS, Kumar Y, Mahajan NC, Gupta SK, Al-Ansari N, Mattar MA. Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38172121 PMCID: PMC10764914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block design. By altering the formation of aggregates and the distribution of carbon within them, tillage techniques can affect the dynamics of organic carbon in soil and soil microbial activity. The stability of large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2.0-2.25 mm), and micro-aggregates in the topsoil were improved by 35.18%, 33.52%, and 25.10%, respectively, over conventional tillage (0-20 cm) using tillage strategies for conservation methods (no-till in conjunction with straw return and organic fertilizers). The subsoil (20-40 cm) displayed the same pattern. In contrast to conventional tilling with no straw returns, macro-aggregates of all sizes and micro-aggregates increased by 24.52%, 28.48%, and 18.12%, respectively, when conservation tillage with organic and chemical fertilizers was used. The straw return (aggregate-associated C) also resulted in a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon. When zero tillage was paired with straw return, chemical, and organic fertilizers, the topsoil's overall aggregate-associated C across all aggregate proportions increased. Conversely, conventional tillage, in contrast to conservation tillage, included straw return as well as chemical and organic fertilizers and had high aggregate-associated C in the subsurface. This study finds that tillage techniques could change the dynamics of microbial biomass in soils and organic soil carbon by altering the aggregate and distribution of C therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Naresh
- Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - P K Singh
- Director Extension Education, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Rajan Bhatt
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amritsar, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mandapelli Sharath Chandra
- AICRP On Integrated Farming System, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - N C Mahajan
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U. P, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Gupta SK, Dhakal R, Verkicharla PK. Biometry-Based Technique for Determining the Anterior Scleral Thickness: Validation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Landmarks. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:25. [PMID: 38285460 PMCID: PMC10829803 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Considering the potential role of anterior scleral thickness (AST) in myopia and the ubiquitous use of optical biometers, we applied and validated a biometry-based technique for estimating AST using optical coherence tomography (OCT) landmarks. Methods The AST was determined across four meridians in 62 participants (aged 20-37 years) with a swept-source OCT and a noncontact optical biometer at a mean ± SD distance of 3.13 ± 0.88 mm from the limbus. The biometer's graticule was focused and aligned with the anterior scleral reflex, which led to the generation of four prominent A-scan peaks: P1 (anterior bulbar conjunctiva), P2 (anterior episclera), P3 (anterior margin of anterior sclera), and P4 (posterior margin of anterior sclera), which were analyzed and compared with the corresponding OCT landmarks to determine tissue thickness. Results The AST measurements between biometer and OCT correlated for all meridians (r ≥ 0.70, overall r = 0.82; coefficient of variation [CV], 9%-12%; P < 0.01). The mean difference ± SD between two instruments for overall AST measures was 3 ± 2.8 µm (range, -18 to +16 µm; lower limits of agreement, -89 to +83 µm; P = 0.23) across all meridians. The mean ± SE AST with both instruments was found to be thickest at the inferior (562 ± 7 µm and 578 ± 7 µm) and thinnest at the superior (451 ± 7 µm and 433 ± 6 µm) meridian. The biometer demonstrated good intrasession (CV, 8.4%-9.6%) and intersession (CV, 7.9%-13.3%) repeatability for AST measurements across all meridians. Conclusions The noncontact optical biometer, which is typically used to determine axial length, is capable of accurately estimating AST based on OCT landmarks. Translational Relevance The high-resolution optical biometers can demonstrate wider application in the field of myopia research and practice to determine AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohit Dhakal
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- The INFOR Myopia Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- The INFOR Myopia Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Shekhawat D, Gupta T, Singh P, Sahni D, Tubbs RS, Gupta SK. Surgical anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils: A cadaveric study. Clin Anat 2024; 37:25-32. [PMID: 37248820 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the normal anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils is a prerequisite in various surgeries of the posterior cranial fossa Clinical conditions, as the Chiari I malformations (CIM) alter the normal position of the cerebellar tonsils. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we aim to better elucidate the surgical anatomy of and around the cerebellar tonsils in regard to the CIM. METHODS Fifty formalin-fixed adult cadavers injected with colored latex through vertebral arteries underwent craniotomy and durotomy to expose the cerebellar tonsils and related structures. The tonsils and their surrounding anatomy were then studied. RESULTS Forty cerebellar tonsils were at or above the foramen magnum. Five specimens presented with CIM with the tonsils below (3-5 mm) the FM with a mean tonsillar decent of 7.9 ± 2.3 mm. Of the cadavers without CIM, in forty-two cases, the thickness of the dura mater was within ±3SD ranges. In three cases, the dura mater was thinner at the CVJ and one case; the dura adhered tightly to the inner aspect of the occipital squama. In five CIM cadavers, the dura mater was markedly thicker at the CVJ. The PICA caudal loop was 5.9 ± 1.6 mm long. In CIM cases, the PICA loop was longer, nearer the dura, 1 mm below the superior border of the C1 posterior arch. The distances from the PICA loop were markedly reduced by 3 mm from the spinal accessory nerve and 2 mm from the first spinal nerve. The DN was significantly closer to the tonsillar peduncle in CIM cases. CONCLUSION These data are important for better understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils in patients with and without CIM. Importantly, tonsillectomy/tonsillar coagulation must consider the close relationship of the dentate nucleus to the base of the cerebellar tonsil to avoid iatrogenic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Shekhawat
- Department of Anatomy, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Paramajeet Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Brisbane Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gupta T, Kaur M, Gupta M, Singla N, Kharbanda PS, Bansal YS, Radotra BD, Gupta SK. Analysis of distribution and localization of proteins of the reelin signalling pathway in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38060511 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2292957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granule cell dispersion (GCD) is pathognomonic of hippocampal sclerosis seen in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Current animal studies indicate deficiency of Reelin is associated with abnormal granule cell migration leading to GCD. The present study aimed to evaluate complete Reelin signalling pathway to assess whether Reelin deficiency is related to MTLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hippocampal sclerosis was confirmed by H and E stain. To explore the amount and cellular location of the Reelin cascade molecules, the hippocampal tissues from MTLE surgery and controls (n = 15 each) were studied using Immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Additionally, confocal imaging was used to validate the IHC findings by co-localization of different proteins. Quantification of IHC images was performed using histo-score and confocal images by Image J software. RESULTS Immune expression of active Reelin was significantly reduced in patients. Reelin receptors were deranged, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 was increased while very low-density lipoprotein receptor was reduced. Disabled-1, a downstream molecule was significantly reduced in MTLE. Its ultimate target, cofilin was thus disinhibited and expressed more in MTLE. Reelin cleaving protease, matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-9 inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix protease-1, showed reduced expression in extracellular matrix. Semi-quantification of immunohistochemistry was done using Histo (H) score. H score of Reelin in diseased patients was 15 against 125 for control patients. These results were validated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Reelin signalling cascade was deranged in chronic MTLE. Pharmacological manipulation of Reelin cascade can be done at various levels and it may provide novel treatment options for MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mili Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Singla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parampreet S Kharbanda
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogender S Bansal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B D Radotra
- Department of Histopathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Srivastava R, Gupta SK, Naaz F, Sen Gupta PS, Yadav M, Singh VK, Panda SK, Biswal S, Rana MK, Gupta SK, Schols D, Singh RK. Exploring antiviral potency of N-1 substituted pyrimidines against HIV-1 and other DNA/RNA viruses: Design, synthesis, characterization, ADMET analysis, docking, molecular dynamics and biological activity. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107910. [PMID: 37422940 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrimidine derivatives, bearing modified benzimidazoles at N-1 position, has been designed, synthesized and screened as NNRTIs against HIV and as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The molecules were screened against different HIV targets using molecular docking experiment. The docking results indicated that the molecules interacted well with the residues Lys101, Tyr181, Tyr188, Trp229, Phe227 and Tyr318 present in NNIBP of HIV-RT protein, formed quite stable complexes and, thus, behaved as probable NNRTIs. Among these compounds, 2b and 4b showed anti-HIV activity with IC50 values as 6.65 µg/mL (SI = 15.50) and 15.82 µg/mL (SI = 14.26), respectively. Similarly, compound 1a showed inhibitory property against coxsackie virus B4 and compound 3b against different viruses. Molecular dynamics simulation results unequivocally demonstrated the higher stability of the complex HIV-RT:2b than the HIV-RT:nevirapine complex. The MM/PBSA-based binding free energy (-) 114.92 kJ/mol of HIV-RT:2b complex in comparison to that of HIV-RT:nevirapine complex (-) 88.33 kJ/mol, further demonstrated the higher binding strength of 2b and thus, established the potential of compound 2b as a lead molecule as an HIV-RT inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Srivastava
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune, India
| | - Madhu Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Satyaranjan Biswal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | | | | | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Ramu P, Srivastava RK, Sanyal A, Fengler K, Cao J, Zhang Y, Nimkar M, Gerke J, Shreedharan S, Llaca V, May G, Peterson-Burch B, Lin H, King M, Das S, Bhupesh V, Mandaokar A, Maruthachalam K, Krishnamurthy P, Gandhi H, Rathore A, Gupta R, Chitikineni A, Bajaj P, Gupta SK, Satyavathi CT, Pandravada A, Varshney RK, Babu R. Improved pearl millet genomes representing the global heterotic pool offer a framework for molecular breeding applications. Commun Biol 2023; 6:902. [PMID: 37667032 PMCID: PMC10477261 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punna Ramu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | | | | | - Jun Cao
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory May
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | - Haining Lin
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew King
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Natera Inc, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Sayan Das
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vaid Bhupesh
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - Harish Gandhi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - C Tara Satyavathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Raman Babu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Kumar S, Gupta SK, Pahwa R. Designing lisuride intranasal nanocarrier system for reduction of oxidative damage with enhanced dopamine level in brain for Parkinsonism. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:205-218. [PMID: 37517241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, nanoemulsion (NE) loaded with lisuride were formulated for delivering drug to brain via intranasal route. Dopamine levels, pharmacokinetic, and antioxidant activity were estimated. Antioxidant effect of lisuride NE was assessed in-vivo using oxidative stress models revealing symptoms like those of Parkinson's disease. Intranasally administered lisuride NE-treated group revealed a greater number of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as compared to the intravenously administered lisuride suspension in haloperidol rat model. Additionally, it was observed that lisuride NE can decrease dopamine loss. When lisuride NE was administered intranasally resulted in considerably higher dopamine concentrations (17.48 ± 0.05 ng/mL) in comparison to rats receiving haloperidol (7.28 ± 0.02 ng/mL). From study, it is suggested that NE is a possible strategy to deliver lisuride intranasally to lower free radical damage and prevent the biochemical alterations associated with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Delhi-Roorkee Highway, Meerut, 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Delhi-Roorkee Highway, Meerut, 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakesh Pahwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
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Yaser Arafath M, Bhatia V, Kumar A, Chauhan R, Prabhakar A, Gupta SK, Singh P. Adapting to transradial approach in cerebral angiography: Factors influencing successful cannulation. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:163-168. [PMID: 35749090 PMCID: PMC10034707 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate factors that influence the successful cannulation of intracranial vessels using a transradial approach. METHODS A total of 61 transradial diagnostic angiograms were evaluated in a tertiary care center from July 2020 to December 2021. We evaluated the learning curve and aortic arch vessel factors that may influence the cannulation of intracranial major vessels using a transradial approach. RESULTS Learning curve for the procedure was established after 21 cases. We were successful in cannulating the supra-aortic arteries except in 4 cases where we were unable to cannulate the left VA (vertebral artery). Significant positive correlation was seen between time to Sim (Simmons curve) formation and aortic arch diameter (p = .002). Significant positive correlation was also seen between left VA take-off angle and time to cannulate left VA (p = .001) and negative correlation was noted between left CCA (common carotid artery) take-off angle and time to cannulate left CCA (p = .001). CONCLUSION Transradial approach is a feasible and safe approach for performing cerebral angiography. Multiple factors can influence the procedure time and successful cannulation of intracranial vessels. With the availability of radial specific hardware in the future, procedural success and time taken to complete the procedure may improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yaser Arafath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev Chauhan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuj Prabhakar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - SK Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gupta SK, Chakraborty R, Verkicharla PK. Association between relative peripheral refraction and corresponding electro-retinal signals. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:482-493. [PMID: 36881496 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considering the potential role of the peripheral retina in refractive development and given that peripheral refraction varies significantly with increasing eccentricity from the fovea, we investigated the association between relative peripheral refraction (RPR) and corresponding relative peripheral multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses (electro-retinal signals) from the central to the peripheral retina in young adults. METHODS Central and peripheral refraction using an open-field autorefractor and mfERG responses using an electrophysiology stimulator were recorded from the right eyes of 17 non-myopes and 24 myopes aged 20-27 years. The relative mfERG N1, P1 and N2 components (amplitude density and implicit time) of a mfERG waveform were compared with the corresponding RPR measurements at the best-matched eccentricities along the principal meridians, that is at the fovea (0°), horizontal (±5°, ±10° and ± 25°) and vertical meridians (±10° and ± 15°). RESULTS The mean absolute mfERG N1, P1 and N2 amplitude densities (nV/deg2 ) were maximum at the fovea in both non-myopes (N1: 57.29 ± 14.70 nV/deg2 , P1: 106.29 ± 24.46 nV/deg2 , N2: 116.41 ± 27.96 nV/deg2 ) and myopes (N1: 56.25 ± 15.79 nV/deg2 , P1: 100.79 ± 30.81 nV/deg2 , N2: 105.75 ± 37.91 nV/deg2 ), which significantly reduced with increasing retinal eccentricity (p < 0.01). No significant association was reported between the RPR and corresponding relative mfERG amplitudes at each retinal eccentricity (overall Pearson's correlation, r = -0.25 to 0.26, p ≥ 0.09). In addition, the presence of relative peripheral myopia or hyperopia at extreme peripheral retinal eccentricities did not differentially influence the corresponding relative peripheral mfERG amplitudes (p ≥ 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Relative peripheral mfERG signals are not associated with corresponding RPR in young adults. It is plausible that the electro-retinal signals may respond to the presence of absolute hyperopia (and not relative peripheral hyperopia), which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjay Chakraborty
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The INFOR Myopia Centre (Prevention and Control), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Kumari M, Gupta SK. Cumulative human health risk analysis of trihalomethanes exposure in drinking water systems. J Environ Manage 2022; 321:115949. [PMID: 35985263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated compounds on reaction with natural organic substances present in water leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), a major type of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most widely investigated DBPs in drinking water systems because of their carcinogenic potential and subsequent adverse effects on human health. This study investigated the effect of gastro-intestinal absorption factor on human health risk assessment. Monitoring and analysis of water quality parameters and THMs levels in drinking water treatment plants revealed that the average values (306.5 μg/L) exceeded the recommended US EPA guidelines of 80 μg/L. Spearman rank (rho) correlation coefficient indicated that dissolved organic carbon is the major parameter influencing THMs formation. Monte Carlo simulations base risk assessment study was conducted for three different exposure pathways. The observed human health risk exposure effects due to THMs were below the recommended USEPA level (1.0 × 10-6) for both the drinking water treatment plants. Seasonal disparity on risk estimation analysis revealed higher risk in summer season followed by autumn which is principally due to high concentration of THMs in summers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minashree Kumari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Huaz Khas-110016, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
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Gupta SK, Chakraborty R, Verkicharla PK. Correction to: Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review. Doc Ophthalmol 2022; 145:97-98. [PMID: 35980561 PMCID: PMC9470685 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-022-09876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjay Chakraborty
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Optometry and Vision Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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Gupta PP, Gupta SK, Gupta S, Aggarwal M, Baijal SS. Role of multiphasic Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography in predicting WHO/ISUP histologic grading of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 36082741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Kumar MP, Rajput R, Ralta A, Quintans-Júnior LJ, C Gutierrez SJ, Barbosa-Filho JM, Shekhawat D, Radotra BD, Gupta SK, Medhi B. Evaluation of Progesterone Receptor Antagonist and Maxi-K Channel Agonist as Neuroprotective in Feeney's Weight Drop Model of TBI. Neurol India 2022; 70:1601-1609. [PMID: 36076665 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an unmet medical need. Objective We evaluated two agents, aglepristone (progesterone receptor antagonist) and N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) (activator of Maxi-K channel in GH3 cells), for neuroprotection in Feeney's weight drop model of TBI. Material and Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8 per group). A battery of six neurobehavioral tests was evaluated at the end of the first week (EO1W), second week (EO2W), and third week (EO3W). In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (BAX, Bcl-2, and M30 Cytodeath) tests were performed at EO3W. Results Aglepristone at 10 mg/kg showed significant neuroprotection compared to control as assessed by Rota-rod test at EO1W, VEFP right paw and 28-point neurobehavioral test at EO2W, MWM test at EO3W, and positive histopathological and IHC findings. Aglepristone at 20 mg/kg showed negative results as assessed by BAX expression, downregulation of Bcl-2, and positive M30 Cytodeath, thereby suggesting toxicity at higher doses. STP 100 mg/kg showed modest neuroprotective activity but failed to show a dose-response relationship at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion The study shows that progesterone receptor antagonists have neuroprotection at lower doses and toxicity at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Rajput
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arti Ralta
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Stanley J C Gutierrez
- Ph.D., Coordination of Pharmacy-Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Devendra Shekhawat
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - B D Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Sharma S, Mehta P, Patil A, Gupta SK, Rajender S, Chattopadhyay N. Meta-analyses of the quantitative computed tomography data in dialysis patients show differential impacts of renal failure on the trabecular and cortical bones. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1521-1533. [PMID: 35249146 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dialysis patients have compromised bone health that increases their fracture risk due to low bone mass and deterioration in bone microarchitecture. Through meta-analyses of published studies, we conclude that dialysis patients suffer from impaired compartmental bone parameters compared with healthy controls. INTRODUCTION We performed meta-analyses to determine the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under dialysis on the trabecular and cortical parameters of radius and tibia. METHODS This is a meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective clinical studies. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using various permutation combinations. Dialysis patients were compared with non-CKD healthy controls using quantitative computed tomography. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and pQCT data of dialysis patients were dissected from eligible studies for pooled analysis of each parameter. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria that included data from 457 dialysis patients and 2134 controls. Pooled analysis showed a significant decrease (a) in total vBMD at distal radius [standard deviation of the mean (SDM) = -0.842, p = 0.000] and tibia (SMD = -0.705, p = 0.000) and (b) in cortical vBMD (SDM = -1.037, p = 0.000) at radius of dialysis patients compared with control. There were strong correlations between total vBMD and microarchitecture parameters at tibia in dialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS At radius and tibia, bone mass, microarchitecture, and geometry at trabecular and cortical envelopes displayed impairments in dialysis patients compared with control. Tibial vBMD may have diagnostic value in dialysis. HR-pQCT and pQCT may be used to further understand the compartmental bones response to CKD-induced loss at different stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - P Mehta
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - A Patil
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - S Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - N Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Panayampadan AS, Shafiq Alam M, Aslam R, Kumar Gupta S, Kaur Sidhu G. Effects of alternating magnetic field on freezing of minimally processed guava. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Tomato in India is commonly exposed to various diseases of fungal, bacterial, and viral origin, resulting in substantial yield losses (≥50%). Buckeye rot (caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) is among the major constraints in the successful cultivation of tomato crops in various parts of the world, including the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh state, India. The fruit rot becomes more devastating under high humidity and wet soils. Symptoms generally appear on green fruit as alternate dark- and light-brown concentric rings. The genome size of P. nicotianae var. parasitica is 82 Mb with >23,000 predicted genes. High humidity (>60%) and optimal temperatures (20 to 25°C), along with rainfall (≥10 mm), help to disperse the pathogen because the inoculum reaches the fruit through splashing rain. Sporangia germinate indirectly by producing zoospores at 20 to 25°C or directly via germ tubes at >25°C. In the absence of suitable resistant varieties, no single management practice is sufficient to keep the disease below the economic threshold level; therefore, integration of cultural and chemical methods is preferable. This article aims to focus on the etiology and management challenges of buckeye rot. We recommend innovative disease management strategies such as identification and deployment of resistant cultivars as well as spraying of synthetic chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents, and use of abiotic chemicals that induce resistance for developing sustainable crop production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, HP 177 001, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
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Gupta SK, Lennon KR, Joens MA, Bandi H, Van Galen M, Han Y, Tang W, Li Y, Wasserman SC, Swan JW, Guo M. Optical tweezer measurements of asymptotic nonlinearities in complex fluids. Phys Rev E 2022; 104:064604. [PMID: 35030853 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents micro-medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (μMAOS), a method to measure the frequency-dependent micromechanical properties of soft materials in the asymptotically nonlinear regime using optical tweezers. We have developed a theoretical framework to extract these nonlinear mechanical properties of the material from experimental measurements and also proposed a physical interpretation of the third-order nonlinearities measured in single-tone oscillatory tests. We validate the method using a well-characterized surfactant solution of wormlike micelles, and subsequently employ this technique to demonstrate that the cytoplasm of a living cell undergoes strain softening and shear thinning when locally subjected to weakly nonlinear oscillatory deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kyle R Lennon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mary A Joens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hari Bandi
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martijn Van Galen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - YuLong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Wenhui Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Steven Charles Wasserman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James W Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Gupta SK, Biswkarma V, Rohatgi N, Saxena R. Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of 398 cancer patients toward participation in clinical trials: A single-center study from New Delhi, India. Perspect Clin Res 2022; 13:43-47. [PMID: 35198428 PMCID: PMC8815669 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_177_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Clinical trials are considered to be the gold standard research methodology for evaluating the efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using standardized self-administered questionnaires prepared by the research team and statistician. The questionnaires were offered to cancer patients presented at a tertiary care center. Results: We surveyed 398 cancer patients, 193 (48.5%) males and 205 (51.5%) females with a mean (±standard deviation) 55.39 (±13.59) of age in years. Out of total, only 59 (14.82%) had the prior knowledge of the clinical trial. Forty-three (10.80%) participants were willing to participate in clinical trials. Conclusion: Cancer patients had preconceived notions and myths that linger in our society that clinical trial participation will harm them. The researchers/oncologists need to explore the rationale, objectives, and benefits of taking part in clinical trials and make it easy to understand by cancer patients.
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Husian S, Jeyaraman P, Gupta SK, Rai R, Pathak S, Dayal N, Naithani R. Innovator Filgrastim versus Generic Filgrastim in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Mobilization. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 10:172-174. [PMID: 34938680 PMCID: PMC8687862 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods
This is a retrospective study. G-CSF was administered in the dose of 10 μg/kg subcutaneous as a single dose for 4 days. On day 5, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) apheresis was performed using Haemonetics MCS plus or COBE Spectra apheresis machine through a double-lumen central venous catheter. Primary outcome parameters were the total number of CD34+ HSCs/kg of recipient weight mobilized in peripheral blood and the number of days required for neutrophil and platelets engraftment, respectively.
Objective
We compared the effectiveness and safety of innovator filgrastim versus generic filgrastim in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Results
A total of 91 stem cell mobilizations was analyzed. There were 58 normal healthy donors for allogeneic HSCT and 33 patients for autologous HSCT. There was no statistically significant difference among groups in terms of total collected CD34+ cells value (
p
= 0.609). The mean time to neutrophil engraftment was 13.7 days in the innovator group and 13.2 days in the Grafeel group (
p
= 0.518). The mean time to platelet engraftment was 16.2 days in the innovator group and 14.8 days in the generic group (
p
= 0.435). The patient who received generic filgrastim had more febrile episodes during the course of transplantation (
p
= 0.020).
Conclusion
Generic filgrastim was found to be comparable to original filgrastim for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in normal healthy donors for allogeneic HSCT and patients for autologous HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Husian
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Preethi Jeyaraman
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Reeta Rai
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Lab Medicine Transfusion Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Pathak
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Lab Medicine Transfusion Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Dayal
- Department of Lab Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Naithani
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Saket, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
The stretching of a myopic eye is associated with several structural and functional changes in the retina and posterior segment of the eye. Recent research highlights the role of retinal signaling in ocular growth. Evidence from studies conducted on animal models and humans suggests that visual mechanisms regulating refractive development are primarily localized at the retina and that the visual signals from the retinal periphery are also critical for visually guided eye growth. Therefore, it is important to study the structural and functional changes in the retina in relation to refractive errors. This review will specifically focus on electroretinogram (ERG) changes in myopia and their implications in understanding the nature of retinal functioning in myopic eyes. Based on the available literature, we will discuss the fundamentals of retinal neurophysiology in the regulation of vision-dependent ocular growth, findings from various studies that investigated global and localized retinal functions in myopia using various types of ERGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjay Chakraborty
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Optometry and Vision Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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24
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Mattoo S, Agarwal A, Mayilvaganan S, Mishra P, Agarwal G, Mishra A, Chand G, Gupta SK, Mishra SK. Role of postoperative intact serum PTH as an early predictor of severe post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1961-1970. [PMID: 33502721 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a major sequel of thyroidectomy and continues to trouble the endocrinologists and the endocrine surgeons as there is no ideal predictive marker of hypocalcemia which has the potential to develop into a life-threatening complication. The role of early serum intact parathormone (iPTH) to predict post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is becoming useful but the literature is still unclear regarding the optimal time of testing and the optimal cut-off value of serum iPTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 111 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a tertiary care endocrine surgery referral unit. Serum iPTH was measured after 20 min and 4 h of surgery. Receiver-Operator characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to find out of the best cut-off value of S. iPTH 20 min and 4 h after surgery in predicting hypocalcemia. RESULTS Hypocalcemia was noted in 60 (54%) out of 111 subjects who underwent total thyroidectomy. The best cut-off values of Serum iPTH to predict hypocalcemia was found to be 4.28 pmol/l at 20 min post total thyroidectomy with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.7% and 51%, respectively. In addition, patients with malignancy or central lymph nodal dissection were significantly over-represented in the hypocalcemia group with serum iPTH above the threshold level of 4.28 pmol/l. Below the cut off level, parenteral calcium supplementation was required in 23% (17/74) subjects while the rate was only 5.4% (2/37) patients when serum iPTH was above the cut-off level. CONCLUSIONS The decline of serum iPTH below a specific level after surgery has predictive value together with other factors strictly related to patient, the thyroid disease itself and surgery. The risk of development of hypocalcemia and consequent need for calcium supplementation should be evaluated by clinical assessment along with serum PTH measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mattoo
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - A Agarwal
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - S Mayilvaganan
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - P Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - G Agarwal
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - A Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - G Chand
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - S K Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, 226014, India
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Bansal VK, Misra MC, Agarwal AK, Agrawal JB, Agarwal PN, Aggarwal S, Aslam M, Krishna A, Baksi A, Behari A, Bhattacharjee HK, Bhojwani R, Chander J, Chattopadhyay TK, Chintamani, Chowbey P, Dalvi A, Dash NR, Dhawan IK, Gamangatti S, Garg PK, Gupta NM, Gupta R, Gupta SK, Gupta V, Kaman L, Kapur BML, Kataria K, Khan M, Khanna AK, Khullar R, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar S, Kumar S, Lal P, Maurya SD, Moirangthem GS, Pal S, Panwar R, Parshad R, Pottakkat B, Prajapati OP, Puntambekar S, Ranjan P, Rathore YS, Sahni P, Sarangi R, Seenu V, Sharma R, Shukla VK, Singh DP, Singh J, Singh R, Sinha R, Sikora SS, Srivastava A, Srivastava A, Srivastava KN, Thomas S, Verma GR, Wig JD, Kapoor VK. SELSI Consensus Statement for Safe Cholecystectomy—Prevention and Management of Bile Duct Injury—Part B. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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Verma S, Kang AK, Pal R, Gupta SK. BST2 regulates interferon gamma-dependent decrease in invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells via STAT1 and AKT signaling pathways and expression of E-cadherin. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:24-41. [PMID: 31957537 PMCID: PMC6973314 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2019.1710024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) downregulates trophoblast invasion needs further investigation. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with IFN-γ led to a decrease in their invasion concomitant with an increased expression of BST2. Silencing of BST2 by siRNA showed a significant increase in their invasion and spreading after treatment with IFN-γ as well as downregulated expression of E-cadherin. Further, STAT1 silencing inhibited the IFN-γ-dependent increase in the expression of BST2 and E-cadherin. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with IFN-γ led to the activation of AKT, and its inhibition with PI3K inhibitor abrogated IFN-γ-mediated decrease in invasion/spreading and downregulated BST2 and E-cadherin expression. Collectively, IFN-γ decreases the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells by STAT1 and AKT activation via increased expression of BST2 and E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur Kang
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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27
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Yadav OP, Gupta SK, Govindaraj M, Sharma R, Varshney RK, Srivastava RK, Rathore A, Mahala RS. Genetic Gains in Pearl Millet in India: Insights Into Historic Breeding Strategies and Future Perspective. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:645038. [PMID: 33859663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.64503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br.) is an important staple and nutritious food crop in the semiarid and arid ecologies of South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In view of climate change, depleting water resources, and widespread malnutrition, there is a need to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in pearl millet productivity. This review discusses past strategies and future approaches to accelerate genetic gains to meet future demand. Pearl millet breeding in India has historically evolved very comprehensively from open-pollinated varieties development to hybrid breeding. Availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterility system with adequate restorers and strategic use of genetic resources from India and SSA laid the strong foundation of hybrid breeding. Genetic and cytoplasmic diversification of hybrid parental lines, periodic replacement of hybrids, and breeding disease-resistant and stress-tolerant cultivars have been areas of very high priority. As a result, an annual yield increase of 4% has been realized in the last three decades. There is considerable scope to further accelerate the efforts on hybrid breeding for drought-prone areas in SA and SSA. Heterotic grouping of hybrid parental lines is essential to sustain long-term genetic gains. Time is now ripe for mainstreaming of the nutritional traits improvement in pearl millet breeding programs. New opportunities are emerging to improve the efficiency and precision of breeding. Development and application of high-throughput genomic tools, speed breeding, and precision phenotyping protocols need to be intensified to exploit a huge wealth of native genetic variation available in pearl millet to accelerate the genetic gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - A Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
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28
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Verma S, Mishra R, Malik A, Chaudhary P, Malhotra SS, Panda AK, Gupta SK. miR-27b-5p inhibits BeWo cells fusion by regulating WNT2B and enzyme involved in progesterone synthesis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13409. [PMID: 33639023 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The miRNAs show placenta-specific expression patterns, which alter during pregnancy-related complications. In present study, the role of miR-27b-5p during forskolin-mediated BeWo cells fusion has been investigated. METHOD OF STUDY The fusion of BeWo cells in response to forskolin treatment (25 µM) was studied by desmoplakin I+II staining. Expression profile of miR-27b-5p by qRT-PCR and its targets HSD3β1 and WNT2B by qRT-PCR and in Western blot were studied. The effect of overexpression of miR-27b-5p and silencing of HSD3β1 & WNT2B by siRNA on forskolin-mediated BeWo cells fusion and secretion of hCG and progesterone by ELISA was investigated. RESULTS Time-dependent down-regulation in the expression of miR-27b-5p in forskolin-treated BeWo cells has been confirmed by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of miR-27b-5p significantly inhibits forskolin-mediated BeWo cells fusion as well as hCG & progesterone secretion. HSD3β1 and WNT2B were identified as targets of miR-27b-5p and are up-regulated in forskolin-treated BeWo cells. Overexpression of miR-27b-5p in BeWo cells downregulates their expression. Further, luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-27b-5p directly target expression of both HSD3β1 and WNT2B. Silencing of both HSD3β1 and WNT2B leads to a significant reduction in forskolin-mediated BeWo cells fusion with concomitant decrease in the secretion of progesterone or/and hCG. Decrease in forskolin-mediated cells fusion observed in miR-27b-5p mimic transfected BeWo cells could be rescued by the overexpression of both HSD3β1 and WNT2B. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that reduced miR-27b-5p in forskolin-treated BeWo cells leads to increased secretion of progesterone and hCG due to loss of repressional control on HSD3β1 and WNT2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Malik
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Chaudhary
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Saryu Malhotra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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29
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Li Y, Mao AS, Seo BR, Zhao X, Gupta SK, Chen M, Han YL, Shih TY, Mooney DJ, Guo M. Generation of the Compression-induced Dedifferentiated Adipocytes (CiDAs) Using Hypertonic Medium. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3920. [PMID: 33732807 PMCID: PMC7952959 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to obtain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involve sampling, culturing, and expanding of primary MSCs from adipose, bone marrow, and umbilical cord tissues. However, the drawbacks are the limited numbers of total cells in MSC pools, and their decaying stemness during in vitro expansion. As an alternative resource, recent ceiling culture methods allow the generation of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) from mature adipocytes. Nevertheless, this process of spontaneous dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes is laborious and time-consuming. This paper describes a modified protocol for in vitro dedifferentiation of adipocytes by employing an additional physical stimulation, which takes advantage of augmenting the stemness-related Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Specifically, this protocol utilizes a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing hypertonic medium to introduce extracellular physical stimulation to obtain higher efficiency and introduce a simpler procedure for adipocyte dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angelo S. Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maorong Chen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Long Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Shih
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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30
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Gupta SK. Human Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins: Binding Characteristics With Human Spermatozoa and Induction of Acrosome Reaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619868. [PMID: 33681199 PMCID: PMC7928326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human zona pellucida (ZP) matrix is composed of four glycoproteins designated as ZP glycoprotein -1 (ZP1), -2 (ZP2), -3 (ZP3), and -4 (ZP4). Mutations in the genes encoding human ZP glycoproteins are one of the causative factors leading to abnormal ZP matrix and infertility in women. Relevance of the human ZP glycoproteins in 'sperm-oocyte' binding has been delineated by using either transgenic animal models expressing human zona proteins or purified native/recombinant human zona proteins. Studies based on the purified native/recombinant human zona proteins revealed that ZP1, ZP3, and ZP4 primarily bind to the capacitated acrosome-intact human spermatozoa whereas ZP2 binds to acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. On the contrary, human spermatozoa binds to the eggs obtained from transgenic mouse lines expressing human ZP2 but not to those expressing human ZP1, ZP3, and ZP4 suggesting that ZP2 has an important role in human 'sperm-oocyte' binding. Further studies using transgenic mouse lines showed that the N-terminus of human ZP2 mediate the taxon-specific human sperm-oocyte binding. Both glycans and protein-protein interactions have a role in human gamete interaction. Further studies have revealed that the purified native/recombinant human ZP1, ZP3, and ZP4 are competent to induce acrosome reaction. Human sperm binds to the mouse transgenic eggs expressing human ZP1-4 instead of mouse ZP1-3 proteins, penetrated the ZP matrix and accumulated in the perivitelline space, which were acrosome-reacted suggesting that human ZP2 in transgenic mouse model also induce acrosome reaction. In humans N-linked glycosylation of zona proteins have been shown to play an important role in induction of the acrosome reaction. Hence in humans, based on studies using transgenic mouse model as well as purified native/recombinant zona proteins, it is likely that more than one zona protein is involved in the 'sperm-oocyte' binding and induction of the acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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31
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Bansal A, Jeyaraman P, Gupta SK, Dayal N, Naithani R. Clinical utility of procalcitonin in bacterial infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Blood Res 2020; 10:339-344. [PMID: 33489442 PMCID: PMC7811896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT). OBJECTIVE To assess role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) as a useful biomarker for the infections and outcomes in these patients. METHODS Retrospective observational study. RESULTS Total 47 patients with febrile episodes were enrolled. Twenty patients underwent autologous BMT and 27 underwent allogeneic BMT. Bacterial infections were documented in 18/47 (38%) patients. Forty patients were neutropenic. The median fever duration was 10 days (range 3-30 days) in positive procalcitonin level group whereas it was 4 days (range 1-18) in negative group. This was statistically significant (P=0.000). Procalcitonin levels were high in 8/9 episodes of sepsis (P=0.029). Intensive care unit transfers and death were significantly higher in PCT positive group as compared to PCT negative group. CONCLUSION Serum procalcitonin levels provide prognostic information of worse outcome in patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Preethi Jeyaraman
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Max Super-Speciality HospitalSaket, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Dayal
- Department of Lab Medicine, Max Super-Speciality HospitalSaket, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Naithani
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Max Super-Speciality HospitalSaket, New Delhi, India
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32
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Srivastava R, Gupta SK, Naaz F, Sen Gupta PS, Yadav M, Singh VK, Singh A, Rana MK, Gupta SK, Schols D, Singh RK. Alkylated benzimidazoles: Design, synthesis, docking, DFT analysis, ADMET property, molecular dynamics and activity against HIV and YFV. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107400. [PMID: 33068917 PMCID: PMC7537607 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New benzimidazole analogs synthesized as antivirals against HIV-1 and yellow fever virus. Molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated a stable ligand-protein complex of compound 3a within NNIBP of HIV-RT. DFT analysis confirmed the stability of hydrogen bonding interaction between the TRP 229 residue of HIV-RT and compound 3a. Molecules were tested for their anti-HIV and broad spectrum antiviral properties against different DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral properties and cytotoxicity determined using MTT assay. Compound 3a showed anti-HIV activity and compound 2b showed excellent inhibition property against yellow fever virus.
A series of alkylated benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anti-HIV, anti-YFV, and broad-spectrum antiviral properties. The physicochemical parameters and drug-like properties of the compounds were assessed first, and then docking studies and MD simulations on HIV-RT allosteric sites were conducted to find the possible mode of their action. DFT analysis was also performed to confirm the nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction of active compounds. The in silico studies indicated that the molecules behaved like possible NNRTIs. The nature – polar or non-polar and position of the substituent present at fifth, sixth, and N-1 positions of the benzimidazole moiety played an important role in determining the antiviral properties of the compounds. Among the various compounds, 2-(5,6-dibromo-2-chloro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (3a) showed anti-HIV activity with an appreciably low IC50 value as 0.386 × 10−5μM. Similarly, compound 2b, 3-(2-chloro-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) propan-1-ol, showed excellent inhibitory property against the yellow fever virus (YFV) with EC50 value as 0.7824 × 10−2μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Srivastava
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Madhu Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | | | | | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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Sherkhane R, Meena P, Hanifa N, Mahanta VD, Gupta SK. IFTAK technique: An advanced Ksharsutra technique for management of fistula in ano. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 12:161-164. [PMID: 32800397 PMCID: PMC8039351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fistula in ano is mostnotorious disease among all the ano-rectal disorders since antiquity. Over the past few decades, various techniques are being evaluated in terms to prevent its recurrence and complications, but despite more than two millennia of efforts, fistula in ano still remains a perplexing surgical disease. The sign and symptoms of fistula in ano resembles with Bhagandara described in Ayurveda classics. For the management of this painful disease many treatment modalities are enumerated in Ayurveda classics and Ksharsutra therapy is one among them which is proved to be gold standard. Though Ksharsutra therapy is big revolution in the field of fistula in ano, but it has some disadvantages like it is time consuming process, severe post-procedural pain, big scar mark. So, in present era IFTAK is emerging as an advanced innovative technique for the management of fistula in ano along with betterment in the consequences of conventional method of Ksharsutra therapy. In the present case report, IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique is used in trans sphincteric fistula in ano which showed a great potential in management by minimizing the duration of treatment, mild post procedural pain and minimum scar mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sherkhane
- Department of Shalya Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi 110076, India.
| | - Priyanka Meena
- Department of Shalya Tantra, Gangasheel Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar pradesh 243123, India
| | - Nasreen Hanifa
- Department of Shalya Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - V D Mahanta
- Department of Shalya Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Shalya Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi 110076, India
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Gupta RK, Dholariya SJ, Kaushik S, Gupta SK, Tripathi R, Jain SL. Hyperinsulinemia and Hypoadiponectinemia are Associated with Increased Risk for Occurrence of Ovarian Cancer in Non-diabetic Women of North Indian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 36:221-227. [PMID: 33867714 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has been emerged as a most common and lethal gynecological malignancy in India. High serum insulin and low adiponectin have been associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. But their role in development of ovarian cancer is conflicting and little evidence is available. We aimed to evaluate blood levels of insulin and adiponectin in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and their association with the risk to develop EOC. The study included following three groups; Group 1: fifty cases of cytohistopathologically confirmed cases of EOC, Group 2: fifty age matched cases of benign ovarian conditions and Group 3: fifty ages matched healthy controls with no evidence of any benign or malignant ovarian pathology as ruled out by clinical examination and relevant investigations. Cytohistopathologically confirmed and newly diagnosed cases of EOC and benign ovarian cancer were included in this study. The median value of fasting serum insulin was significantly high (15.0 µlU/ml, P = 0.02) and adiponectin were significantly low (5.1 µg/ml, P < 0.001) in ovarian cancer patients compared to benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls group. A significant increase risk of ovarian cancer was found in high tertile (≥ 18.7 µlU/ml) of serum insulin level (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.00-6.67, P = 0.04) and lower tertile (≤ 5.45 µg/ml) of adiponectin level (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.10-9.71, P = 0.03). High serum insulin level and low adiponectin levels were significantly associated with increased risk for development of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Smita Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Reva Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Lata Jain
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Mahajan S, Gupta SK. Development and analysis of a sustainable garbage disposal model for environmental management under uncertainty. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:135037. [PMID: 31881474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental management is one of the most challenging tasks due to growing population and urbanization. Quadratic programming (QP) in operations research happens to be well equipped to deal with such issues. The present study develops and analyzes a generalized concave QP optimization model having interval parameters with an aim to handle garbage disposal model having a sustainable futuristic vision. Moreover, the model does away with the fundamental requirement of segregated waste at the source itself. The proposed algorithm finds the infimum and supremum of the objective function by first splitting it into two bi-level submodels. Both of the submodels are then investigated subject to the interval parameters in the objective function as well as in the constraints. The solution methodology of the proposed algorithm is explained with the help of a numerical example dealing with concave optimization followed by its application to environmental management. The comparison through figures with the existing models establishes its ecological and economical sustainability through prospective expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumati Mahajan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247 667, India.
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Williams V, Bansal A, Jayashree M, Ismail J, Aggarwal A, Gupta SK, Singhi S, Singhi P, Baranwal AK, Nallasamy K. Decompressive craniectomy in pediatric non-traumatic intracranial hypertension: a single center experience. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 34:258-263. [PMID: 32186205 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1740648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To study the clinical profile and predictors of outcome in children undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) for non-traumatic intracranial hypertension (ICH).Materials and methods: Mixed observational study of children, aged 1 month-12 years, who underwent DC for non-traumatic ICH in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit from 2012 to 2017. Data on clinical profile and outcome were retrieved retrospectively and survivors were assessed prospectively. The primary outcome was neurological outcome using Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at minimum 6 months' post-discharge. GOS-E of 1-4 were classified as a poor and 5-8 as a good outcome.Results: Thirty children, median (IQR) age of 6.5 (2, 50) months, underwent DC; of which 26 (86.7%) were boys. Altered sensorium (n = 26, 86.7%), seizures (n = 25, 83.3%), pallor (n = 19, 63.3%) and anisocoria (n = 14, 46.7%) were common signs and symptoms. Median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale at admission was 9 (6,11). Commonest etiology was intracranial bleed (n = 24; 80%). Median (IQR) time to DC was 24 (24,72) h. Eight (26.7%) children died; 2 during PICU stay and 6 during follow-up. Neurological sequelae at discharge (n = 28) were seizures (n = 25; 89.2%) and hemiparesis (n = 16; 57.1%). Twenty-one children were followed-up at median (IQR) duration of 12 (6,54) months. Good neurological outcome was seen in 14/29 (48.2%) and hemiparesis in 10/21 (47.6%) patients. On regression analysis, anisocoria at admission was an independent predictor of poor outcome [OR 7.33; 95%CI: 1.38-38.87; p = 0.019].Conclusions: DC is beneficial in children with non-traumatic ICH due to a focal pathology and midline shift. Evidence on indications and timing of DC in NTC is still evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunit Singhi
- Pediatrics, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Karthi Nallasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Gupta SK, Patil KS, Rathore A, Yadav DV, Sharma LD, Mungra KD, Patil HT, Gupta SK, Kumar R, Chaudhary V, Das RR, Kumar A, Singh V, Srivastava RK, Gupta R, Boratkar M, Varshney RK, Rai KN, Yadav OP. Identification of heterotic groups in South-Asian-bred hybrid parents of pearl millet. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:873-888. [PMID: 31897515 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet breeding programs can use this heterotic group information on seed and restorer parents to generate new series of pearl millet hybrids having higher yields than the existing hybrids. Five hundred and eighty hybrid parents, 320 R- and 260 B-lines, derived from 6 pearl millet breeding programs in India, genotyped following RAD-GBS (about 0.9 million SNPs) clustered into 12 R- and 7 B-line groups. With few exceptions, hybrid parents of all the breeding programs were found distributed across all the marker-based groups suggesting good diversity in these programs. Three hundred and twenty hybrids generated using 37 (22 R and 15 B) representative parents, evaluated for grain yield at four locations in India, showed significant differences in yield, heterosis, and combining ability. Across all the hybrids, mean mid- and better-parent heterosis for grain yield was 84.0% and 60.5%, respectively. Groups G12 B × G12 R and G10 B × G12 R had highest heterosis of about 10% over best check hybrid Pioneer 86M86. The parents involved in heterotic hybrids were mainly from the groups G4R, G10B, G12B, G12R, and G13B. Based on the heterotic performance and combining ability of groups, 2 B-line (HGB-1 and HGB-2) and 2 R-line (HGR-1 and HGR-2) heterotic groups were identified. Hybrids from HGB-1 × HGR-1 and HGB-2 × HGR-1 showed grain yield heterosis of 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively, over best hybrid check. Results indicated that parental groups can be formed first by molecular markers, which may not predict the best hybrid combination, but it can reveal a practical value of assigning existing and new hybrid pearl millet parental lines into heterotic groups to develop high-yielding hybrids from the different heterotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - K Sudarshan Patil
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dev Vart Yadav
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - L D Sharma
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), Durgapura, Rajasthan, India
| | - K D Mungra
- Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU), Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - H T Patil
- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhav Chaudhary
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Roma R Das
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Boratkar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K N Rai
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - O P Yadav
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
Background Comfortable working at near and intermediate tasks depend on the efficiency as well as coordination of accommodation and vergence systems. At present, the need for near and intermediate visual tasks has been dramatically increased, requiring prolonged computer- and gazette-related works. It demands excessive working of the extraocular and ciliary muscles. It may cause eye fatigue and other associated asthenopic symptoms. Globally, eye fatigue is one of the most commonly reported conditions in nonpresbyopic population with asthenopic symptoms. It is necessary to get relief from eye fatigue for better near and intermediate tasks. Materials and Methods Thirty-two undergraduate optometry students who were symptomatic based on a validated eye fatigue questionnaire were included after a baseline comprehensive eye examination. Based on the eye fatigue symptoms score, they were equally assigned to a control group and an exercise group with sixteen participants in each. The exercise group performed yoga ocular exercises for up to 6 weeks after which the eye fatigue symptoms were reassessed in both groups. Results In the exercise group, there was a statistically significant reduction in eye fatigue scores (P = 0.003), whereas the eye fatigue scores showed significant increment in the control group after 6 weeks (P = 0.044). Conclusions Yoga ocular exercises reduce the eye fatigue symptoms score by increasing the efficiency of extraocular muscles. Hence, it could be considered as a therapeutic and nonpharmacologic intervention for reducing the eye fatigue and associated asthenopic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Optometry, Sankara Academy of Vision, Sankara College of Optometry, Sankara Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Aparna
- Department of Optometry, Sankara Academy of Vision, Sankara College of Optometry, Sankara Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gupta SS, Gupta SK. Social mobilization for cholera prevention & control in India: Building on the existing framework. Vaccine 2020; 38 Suppl 1:A181-A183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Han YL, Pegoraro AF, Li H, Li K, Yuan Y, Xu G, Gu Z, Sun J, Hao Y, Gupta SK, Li Y, Tang W, Tang X, Teng L, Fredberg JJ, Guo M. Cell swelling, softening and invasion in a three-dimensional breast cancer model. Nat Phys 2020; 16:101-108. [PMID: 32905405 PMCID: PMC7469976 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sculpting of structure and function of three-dimensional multicellular tissues depend critically on the spatial and temporal coordination of cellular physical properties, yet the organizational principles that govern these events, and their disruption in disease, remain poorly understood. Using a multicellular mammary cancer organoid model, here we map in three dimensions the spatial and temporal evolution of positions, motions, and physical characteristics of individual cells. Compared with cells in the organoid core, cells at the organoid periphery and the invasive front are found to be systematically softer, larger and more dynamic. These mechanical changes are shown to arise from supracellular fluid flow through gap junctions, suppression of which delays transition to an invasive phenotype. Together, these findings highlight the role of spatiotemporal coordination of cellular physical properties in tissue organization and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adrian F. Pegoraro
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Kaifu Li
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zichen Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yukun Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wenhui Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Lianghong Teng
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | | | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Li Y, Mao AS, Seo BR, Zhao X, Gupta SK, Chen M, Han YL, Shih TY, Mooney DJ, Guo M. Compression-induced dedifferentiation of adipocytes promotes tumor progression. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax5611. [PMID: 32010780 PMCID: PMC6976290 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated physical stresses are generated during tumorigenesis that affect the surrounding compliant tissues including adipocytes. However, the effect of physical stressors on the behavior of adipocytes and their cross-talk with tumor cells remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that compression of cells, resulting from various types of physical stresses, can induce dedifferentiation of adipocytes via mechanically activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The compression-induced dedifferentiated adipocytes (CiDAs) have a distinct transcriptome profile, long-term self-renewal, and serial clonogenicity, but do not form teratomas. We then show that CiDAs notably enhance human mammary adenocarcinoma proliferation both in vitro and in a xenograft model, owing to myofibrogenesis of CiDAs in the tumor-conditioned environment. Collectively, our results highlight unique physical interplay in the tumor ecosystem; tumor-induced physical stresses stimulate de novo generation of CiDAs, which feedback to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angelo S. Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maorong Chen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Long Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Shih
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Foysal MJ, Momtaz F, Kawsar AQMR, Rahman MM, Gupta SK, Tay ACY. Next-generation sequencing reveals significant variations in bacterial compositions across the gastrointestinal tracts of the Indian major carps, rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 70:173-180. [PMID: 31782823 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial communities strongly influence the digestion, health and immune status of fish. This study investigates the microbial distribution of the anterior, middle and distal gut sections of three economically important carp species in Bangladesh, rohu, catla and mrigal (commonly known as Indian major carps), using 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing technology. The alpha-diversity measurement with one-way ANOVA indicated high species richness, Shannon and Simpson indices in the middle and distal gut, while the anterior gut of IMCs had the lowest diversity. At the phylum level, there was high abundance of Proteobacteria in the GITs of rohu and mrigal, whereas Fusobacteria was dominant in the anterior and middle guts of catla. At the genus level, diverse microbial communities were identified across the three GIT sections, with six indicator genera found in rohu, catla and mrigal, as revealed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) at a 0·05 level of significance. Of the 218 genera identified, only 33 were common across the anterior, middle and distal guts of all three species. Bacterial diversity was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in mrigal, followed by catla and rohu, respectively. Alongside the common bacteria Aeromonas, Enterobacter and Serratia, the overwhelming abundance of Cetobacterium, Shewanella and Plesiomonas warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study investigates the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of three Indian major carp (IMC) species-rohu, catla and mrigal, obtained from a polyculture pond under the same feeding regime. Diverse microbial communities were found, with significantly different relative abundances and diversities of phyla and genera. The results provide valuable information on GIT microbial communities that may be useful for nutrition and health management in IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - F Momtaz
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Q M R Kawsar
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M M Rahman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - S K Gupta
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - A C Y Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Minhas V, Kumar R, Moitra T, Singh R, Panda AK, Gupta SK. Immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy of recombinant fusion protein encompassing Sp17 spermatozoa-specific protein and GnRH: Relevance of adjuvants and microparticles based delivery to minimize number of injections. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 83:e13218. [PMID: 31845450 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Requirement of multiple injections of contraceptive vaccines to achieve infertility is one of the important impediments for their application. In the present study, attempts have been made to reduce the number of injections of contraceptive vaccine. METHOD OF STUDY Fusion protein encompassing C-terminus fragment of sperm protein Sp17 (aa residues 76-126) and two copies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone along with T-cell epitopes and dilysine linkers (abbreviated as Sp17C -GnRH2 ) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Its immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy have been evaluated in female FVB/J mice using different adjuvants and delivery platforms. RESULTS Immunization of female mice with recombinant Sp17C -GnRH2 (25 μg/injection/mouse) emulsified with squalene-arlacel A following two injections schedule led to failure of 88.8% immunized animals to conceive, which was not significantly different from mice immunized with same protein along with alum following three injections schedule. To make single-dose vaccine, poly d,l-lactic acid-based microparticles (PLA-MPs) entrapping Sp17C -GnRH2 were prepared. Immunization of female mice with a combination of soluble Sp17C -GnRH2 (12.5 μg/injection/mouse) along with Sp17C -GnRH2 entrapped in PLA-MPs (12.5 μg/injection/mouse) in alum showed higher antibody titres and contraceptive efficacy as compared to mice immunized with Sp17C -GnRH2 entrapped in PLA-MPs alone in alum. Immunization with recombinant Sp17C -GnRH2 led to long-term infertility as second mating (150 days after immunization) of various groups of immunized mice showed similar infertility as observed during first mating. CONCLUSION Single-dose immunization with PLA-MPs entrapping Sp17C -GnRH2 along with soluble recombinant protein in alum generated long-lasting infertility in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Reproduction and Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Robin Kumar
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Trisha Moitra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Molecular Reproduction and Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Mishra NN, Agarwal A, Moitra T, Polachira SK, Nair R, Gupta SK. Anti-HIV-1 activity and safety profile of a polyherbal gel formulation as a candidate microbicide. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Williams V, Jayashree M, Bansal A, Baranwal A, Nallasamy K, Singhi SC, Singhi P, Gupta SK. Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in children-intensive care needs and predictors of in-hospital mortality: a 10-year single-centre experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1371-1379. [PMID: 31165253 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) in children, although uncommon, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Paediatric data is however limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS Case records of 105 children with SICH, > 1 month to 12 years, admitted to a tertiary level PICU of a teaching and referral hospital between January 2009 and May 2018 were analysed retrospectively. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Variables between survivors and non-survivors were compared to determine predictors of mortality. RESULTS The median (IQR) age of subjects was 6 (2.25, 70) months. Common clinical features were altered sensorium (n = 87, 82.9%), seizures (n = 73, 69.5%), pallor (n = 66, 62.9%) and bulging anterior fontanelle (n = 52, 49.5%). Median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission was 10 (6, 13) with herniation noted in 27 (25.7%) children. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were the most common etiology for bleeding among infants and older children respectively. The most common site of bleeding was intracerebral (n = 47, 44.8%) followed by subdural (n = 26; 24.8%). Sixteen (15.2%) children died during hospital stay. On univariate analysis, GCS < 8, Pediatric Risk of Mortality score (PRISM III) > 20, need for intubation, thiopentone coma for refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) and progression to shock and acute kidney injury (AKI) predicted mortality. Seizures were favourably associated with survival. Age, site of bleeding, etiology or type of management for raised ICP (conservative versus decompressive craniectomy) did not affect the outcome. On multivariable analysis, progression to AKI (OR 5.86; 95% CI, 1.53-22.4; p 0.01) predicted poor outcome. Seizures, however, were associated with better odds for survival (OR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.47; p 0.002). CONCLUSIONS VKDB and AVM were the common etiologies among infants and older children respectively. Age, site, etiology of bleeding and type of management did not affect outcome. Severe decompensation at presentation, thiopentone for refractory ICP and progression to multiorgan dysfunction determined mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Williams
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Arun Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Baranwal
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Karthi Nallasamy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pratibha Singhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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So-Armah K, Gupta SK, Kundu S, Stewart JC, Goulet JL, Butt AA, Sico JJ, Marconi VC, Crystal S, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Budoff M, Gibert CL, Chang CC, Bedimo R, Freiberg MS. Depression and all-cause mortality risk in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected US veterans: a cohort study. HIV Med 2019; 20:317-329. [PMID: 30924577 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of depression to mortality in adults with and without HIV infection is unclear. We hypothesized that depression increases mortality risk and that this association is stronger among those with HIV infection. METHODS Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) data were analysed from the first clinic visit on or after 1 April 2003 (baseline) to 30 September 2015. Depression definitions were: (1) major depressive disorder defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes; (2) depressive symptoms defined as Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scores ≥ 10. The outcome was all-cause mortality. Covariates were demographics, comorbid conditions and health behaviours. RESULTS Among 129 140 eligible participants, 30% had HIV infection, 16% had a major depressive disorder diagnosis, and 24% died over a median follow-up time of 11 years. The death rate was 25.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.0-25.6] deaths per 1000 person-years. Major depressive disorder was associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.07]. This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P-value = 0.02). In HIV-stratified analyses, depression was significantly associated with mortality among HIV-uninfected veterans but not among those with HIV infection. Among those with PHQ-9 data (n = 7372), 50% had HIV infection, 22% had PHQ-9 scores ≥ 10, and 28% died over a median follow-up time of 12 years. The death rate was 27.3 (95% CI 26.1-28.5) per 1000 person-years. Depressive symptoms were associated with mortality (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04, 1.28). This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P-value = 0.05). In HIV-stratified analyses, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with mortality among veterans with HIV infection but not among those without HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS Depression was associated with all-cause mortality. This association was modified by HIV status and method of depression ascertainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K So-Armah
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Gupta
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Kundu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J C Stewart
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J L Goulet
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A A Butt
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J J Sico
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - V C Marconi
- Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Crystal
- Center for Health Services Research, Institute for Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M C Rodriguez-Barradas
- Infectious Diseases Section, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Torrance, CA, USA
| | - C L Gibert
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C-Ch Chang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Bedimo
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M S Freiberg
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Hariharan B, Chandra A, Dugad SR, Gupta SK, Jagadeesan P, Jain A, Mohanty PK, Morris SD, Nayak PK, Rakshe PS, Ramesh K, Rao BS, Reddy LV, Zuberi M, Hayashi Y, Kawakami S, Ahmad S, Kojima H, Oshima A, Shibata S, Muraki Y, Tanaka K. Measurement of the Electrical Properties of a Thundercloud Through Muon Imaging by the GRAPES-3 Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:105101. [PMID: 30932668 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The GRAPES-3 muon telescope located in Ooty, India records rapid (∼10 min) variations in the muon intensity during major thunderstorms. Out of a total of 184 thunderstorms recorded during the interval of April 2011-December 2014, the one on December 1, 2014 produced a massive potential of 1.3 GV. The electric field measured by four well-separated (up to 6 km) monitors on the ground was used to help estimate some of the properties of this thundercloud, including its altitude and area that were found to be 11.4 km above mean sea level and ≥380 km^{2}, respectively. A charging time of 6 min to reach 1.3 GV implied the delivery of a power of ≥2 GW by this thundercloud that was moving at a speed of ∼60 km h^{-1}. This work possibly provides the first direct evidence for the generation of gigavolt potentials in thunderclouds that could also possibly explain the production of highest-energy (100 MeV) gamma rays in the terrestrial gamma-ray flashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hariharan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - A Chandra
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - S R Dugad
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - P Jagadeesan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - A Jain
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - P K Mohanty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - S D Morris
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - P K Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - P S Rakshe
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - K Ramesh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - B S Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - L V Reddy
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - M Zuberi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
| | - Y Hayashi
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Kawakami
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Ahmad
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - H Kojima
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - A Oshima
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - S Shibata
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Y Muraki
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 446-8601, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Raj Bhavan, Ooty 643001, India
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan
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Saxena T, Malhotra M, Yadav RK, Gupta SK. Prevalence and association of co-morbidities in diabetic patients along with prescription patterns in Delhi-NCT, India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1209-1212. [PMID: 31336466 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is rising at an alarming rate in India and the national capital forms a significant part of the nation's diabetic population. The metabolic disorder is no more a disease specific to the rich countries but has also markedly spread its roots in middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the prevalence of associated co-morbidities in the diabetic population of Delhi, a metropolitan city in India. Moreover, this study was conducted to help with adding information to the limited shreds of evidence of diabetes prevalence in Delhi along with the usually preferred therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, observational, survey-based study was conducted on people (n = 798) of different age groups (18 years and above) belonging to different regions of Delhi. All subjects were enrolled after obtaining oral consent. Detailed information about clinical, demographic and metabolic profiles was obtained with the help of a pre-structured, open-ended questionnaire. The data were analyzed, and the correlation between diabetes and several other fields was drawn. RESULTS Out of the 798 diabetic patients 458 (57.39%) were males and 340 (42.60%) were females. The presence of diabetes was higher in the age group of 50-60 years irrespective of the gender. CO-MORBIDITIES 54.13% of patients suffered with additional co-morbidities which is significantly high. The associated co-morbidities found in the survey included Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Coronary Artery Diseases etc. About 30.57% of patients suffered from hypertension making it the most commonly associated co-morbidity. The other diseases included hypothyroidism (11.52%), Dyslipidemia (10.27%), Obesity (9.27%) etc. MEDICATION: Majority of patients i.e about 60.65% received oral hypoglycemic agents (including patients receiving both insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents). About 19.92% of patients were prescribed with insulin. 14.16% of patients were found to be following diet control and yoga with about 3.13% more females the males. A small percentage of patients (5.25%) were also following alternative systems (Ayurvedic/Unani/Homeopathic) of treatment. Overall, amongst oral hypoglycemic agents, the combination of metformin and DPP4 inhibitors (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) was being prescribed majorly i.e 16.41%. CONCLUSION The number of diabetic population is high in Delhi. It was evident that a significant percentage of diabetic patients suffered from additional diseases that may lead to worsening of the health conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to educate and spread awareness amongst the masses about the potential benefits of lifestyle modifications like the incorporation of a healthy diet and physical activities. Additionally, continuous and regular tests should be taken to avoid further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Saxena
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrigna Malhotra
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Yadav
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India.
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49
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Shukla RA, Achanta VG, De Barbaro P, Dugad SR, Heering A, Gupta SK, Mirza I, Prabhu SS, Rumerio P. Microscopic characterisation of photodetectors used in the hadron calorimeter of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:023303. [PMID: 30831735 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hybrid Photodetector (HPD) is a hybrid unit with a single accelerating gap between a common photocathode and an array of PIN diodes. Customised HPDs with 19 channels were used to detect scintillation light from hadron calorimeter in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. In this paper, we present results on radiation damage studies carried out on the used HPDs in the outer hadron (HO) and the end-cap hadron (HE) calorimeter of the CMS experiment operating at CERN. The calorimeter is made of alternating layers of scintillating tiles and metals, such as brass or iron. The scintillating light was transmitted to the HPDs by means of optical fibres. Due to excessive exposure to scintillation light and ionising radiation during data taking at the Large Hadron Collider, the performance of the HPDs was expected to degrade significantly in the HE detector. Independent studies on radiation damage of these used photosensors were important to assess the degradation in the performance of the calorimeter. Microscopic scans of relative photon detection efficiencies for two HPDs (one each from HO and HE detector) were made using micron resolution optical scanner. The scanner was specially designed and built for microscopic characterisation of photosensors. Imprints of each fibre (∼1 mm in diameter) on the photocathode with varying damage within the same pixel of the HPD were observed. The localised damage of the photocathode was determined to vary with the amount of scintillation (or calibration) light transmitted by optical fibres to the HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Shukla
- Department of High Energy Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - V G Achanta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - P De Barbaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14527-0171, USA
| | - S R Dugad
- Department of High Energy Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - A Heering
- Department Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of High Energy Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - I Mirza
- Department of High Energy Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - S S Prabhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - P Rumerio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0324, USA
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Chaudhary P, Babu GS, Sobti RC, Gupta SK. HGF regulate HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells migration/invasion under hypoxic conditions through increased HIF-1α expression via MAPK and PI3K pathways. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:503-521. [PMID: 30684191 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be down-regulated in pregnancy complications like intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia, which are associated with abnormal trophoblast migration/invasion. In this study, role of HGF and associated signaling pathways has been investigated in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells migration/invasion under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2). HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxia showed increase in migration and invasion as compared to cells incubated under normoxic conditions. The migration/invasion under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions was further enhanced after treatment with HGF. Subsequent to treatment with HGF, a significant increase in expression of MMP2 & MMP3 under normoxia and MMP1 & MMP9 under hypoxia was observed. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with HGF under hypoxia also led to decrease in TIMP1. Treatment of the cells with HGF led to activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. Inhibition of MAPK by U0126 and PI3K by LY294002 led to concomitant decrease in the HGF-mediated migration/invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. HGF treatment under hypoxia also led to a significant increase in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression. Additionally, inhibition of HIF-1α by siRNA led to decrease in HGF-mediated migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells under hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of HGF activated MAPK and PI3K signaling led to reduction in HIF-1α expression under hypoxia. In conclusion, HGF facilitates HTR-8/SVneo cell migration/invasion by activation of MAPK/PI3K signaling pathways and increased expression of MMPs. HIF-1α has a role in HGF-mediated increase in migration under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chaudhary
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, 226 025, India
| | - Gosipatala Sunil Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, 226 025, India
| | - Ranbir Chander Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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