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Sfaciotte RAP, Parussolo L, Melo FD, Wildemann P, Bordignon G, Israel ND, Leitzke M, Wosiacki SR, Salbego FZ, da Costa UM, Ferraz SM. Identification and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria from Healthy and Diseased Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Hospital in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:855-864. [PMID: 33185513 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the main extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and to detect the frequency of the major genes responsible to trigger this resistance in hospitalized animals. We collected 106 rectal swabs from cats (n = 25) and dogs (n = 81) to detect ESBL-producing isolates. ESBL-positive samples were submitted to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes from different groups. We observed that 44.34% of these samples (11 cats and 36 dogs) were positive for ESBL-producing bacteria. Thirteen animals (27.66%-seven cats and six dogs) were hospitalized for elective castration (healthy animals). Only a single animal was positive for ESBL-producing bacteria at hospital admission (the animal also showed an ESBL-positive isolate after leaving the hospital), whereas 11 were positive only at the hospital discharge. Of the 73 ESBL-producing isolates, 13 were isolated from cats (8 sick and 7 healthy) and 60 from dogs (53 sick and 7 healthy). Escherichia coli was the major ESBL-producing bacterium isolated (53.42%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.07%), Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis (5.48% each one). Antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-producing isolates showed that 67 isolates (91.78%) were resistant to 3 or more antibiotic classes, while 13 of them (17.81%-2 healthy cats and 11 sick dogs) were resistant to all tested antimicrobial classes. The blaTEM gene exhibited the highest frequency in ESBL-producing isolates, followed by the blaCTX-M group 8/25, blaCTX-M group 1 and blaCTX-M group 9 genes. These results are useful to assess the predominance of ESBL-producing isolates recovered from dogs and in cats in Brazil. Consequently, we draw attention to these animals, as they can act as reservoirs for these microorganisms, which are the major pathogens of nosocomial infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Antonio Pilegi Sfaciotte
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Leandro Parussolo
- Departamento Acadêmico de Linguagem, Tecnologia, Educação e Ciência (DALTEC), Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Danielle Melo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Paula Wildemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Giseli Bordignon
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Naiara Dognani Israel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Marta Leitzke
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Sheila Rezler Wosiacki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Zanini Salbego
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Maciel da Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
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Paiva GS, Silva GMD, Canassa ME, Wosiacki SR, Ferrante M. Comparação da eficácia de difloxacina e orbifloxacina no tratamento de infeções de E. Coli e S. Intermedius em cães. Pubvet 2018. [DOI: 10.31533/pubvet.v12n11a204.1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sfaciotte RAP, Coronel LG, Snak A, Bordin JT, Wildemann P, Melo FD, Vignoto VKC, Ferraz SM, Wosiacki SR, Osaki SC. Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypic Profile of Isolates from Clinical Infections in Dogs. ACTA SCI VET 2017. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.80501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is described as a condition in which a micro-organism is able to survive when exposed to an antimicrobial agent. The resistance rates to antimicrobials in companion animals have risen considerably. Studies of local antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are needed as well as education and warning about the use of tests for the identification and susceptibility of pathogenic bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to identify the main antimicrobial resistance in clinical samples of dogs, and to detect multidrug-resistant strains of importance to public health.Materials, Methods & Results: Bacterial pathogens of 77 dog infections were isolated and their sensitivity profile to antimicrobials was determined. One hundred bacterial isolates were identified. Of these, 61 were Gram-positive (55 Staphylococcus spp., 4 Enterococcus spp. and 2 Streptococcus spp.) and 39 Gram-negative (36 fermenters and 3 non-fermenters). Seventy-nine isolates were considered multiresistant following individual assessment of drugs, and 85 following the evaluation of classes. Only 3 were sensitive to all drugs. Four isolates were resistant to all classes and only sensitive to some antibiotics. Of the 55 samples of Staphylococcus spp., 36 (65.45%) were identified as phenotypically MRS. Two isolates of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (VRE). Also 66.67% (26/39) of the samples were positive for the presumptive test for ESBL. For the MRS-positive isolates detected in this study, chloramphenicol was the antimicrobial that showed superior sensitivity in 74.29% of the cases (27/36); therefore it is considered the most appropriate for treatment of this type of micro-organism. In case of aminoglycosides, when their resistance was checked in MRS isolates, all resistance percentages increased, implying a limited use of this class for such a type of multi-resistant micro-organism. Contrarily, in case of ESBL, a superior sensitivity was observed towards MRS isolates, thus making them a prime treatment choice for the infection caused by these micro-organisms.Discussion: Literature have reported a gradual increase in multidrug resistance towards antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine over the past decades. In this study, 64% of multiresistant strains were considered of significant importance, notably MRS (36), VRE (2) and ESBL (26). The early identification of pathogens in animals has become an important step in order to minimize the transmission of antibacterial resistance. The increase in the number of multidrug-resistant bacteria in animals and humans demonstrates the need to develop and implement measures in order to monitor and control the spread of this resistance. It is possible that the increased drug resistance is linked to the constant exposure to these drugs and the subsequent selective pressure, causing the transfer of resistant genes between strains. Carbapenems and glycopeptides should be used with caution in veterinary medicine in order to prevent such processes of selection that develop resistance in micro-organisms to these two classes, which can result in cross-resistance between animals and humans and create obstacles in the treatment of patients, especially for the two drugs mentioned, since they are important for the treatment of nosocomial infections in humans. The resistance percentage towards fluoroquinolones was identified to be higher in Gram-positive isolates, particularly in MRS, which showed 75% resistance against this class (according to the CLSI, resistance to one fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent provides resistance to other antimicrobials of this class). For ESBL isolates, the resistance was shown to be 50%. The resistance towards the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides class can be associated with the expression of the genes that produce ESBL.
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Saito TB, Alfieri AA, Wosiacki SR, Negrão FJ, Morais HSA, Alfieri AF. Detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. Res Vet Sci 2006; 80:116-9. [PMID: 15878186 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a prospective study we evaluated the use of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in urine samples to diagnose canine distemper virus in dogs with progressive neurological disease. A fragment of the nucleoprotein gene of canine distemper virus was amplified from the urine of 22 distemper dogs. The body fluids and leukocytes of 12 asymptomatic dogs were RT-PCR negative. RT-PCR of urine samples was more sensitive than serum and leukocytes and at least as sensitive as cerebrospinal fluid to screen for distemper in dogs with neurological signs and extraneural systemic signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Saito
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP: 86.051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Claus MP, Alfieri AF, Folgueras-Flatschart AV, Wosiacki SR, Médici KC, Alfieri AA. Rapid detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 glycoprotein C gene in clinical specimens by multiplex-PCR. J Virol Methods 2005; 128:183-8. [PMID: 15939490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) to detect and differentiate bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) was developed using primers for the gene sequence that encodes the glycoprotein C. The technique was assessed against the BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 cell culture adapted strains, and clinical samples collected from animals with clinical signs of BoHV-1 (n = 10) or BoHV-5 (n = 7) infection and with diagnosis confirmed by virus isolation in cell culture and semi-nested PCR. Fifteen clinical samples from asymptomatic animals were included as control group. For the evaluation of the amplifiability of the extracted nucleic acid from clinical specimens was included a bovine internal control that amplified a 626 bp fragment of the ND5 gene present in the bovine mitochondrial DNA. For DNA extraction, a combination of the phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and silica/guanidine isothiocyanate methods was used. The specificity of the BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 amplicons from standard strains were confirmed by sequence analysis. All the positive clinical samples for BoHV included in this study were characterized as BoHV-1 or BoHV-5 by the difference in length of the amplified product visualized in a agarose gel (354 bp size for BoHV-1, and 159 bp for BoHV-5). The internal control was amplified in all clinical specimens. Non-specific reactions were not observed when the multiplex-PCR was assessed with other viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus and rabies virus) and BoHV-negative clinical samples from fetuses and adult cattle obtained from a slaughterhouse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/diagnosis
- Cattle Diseases/virology
- Cell Line
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary
- Encephalitis, Viral/virology
- Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/classification
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/classification
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/diagnosis
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/virology
- Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis
- Meningoencephalitis/veterinary
- Meningoencephalitis/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Species Specificity
- Time Factors
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlise Pompeo Claus
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina/PR, Brazil
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Wosiacki SR, Barreiro MAB, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Semi-nested PCR for detection and typing of bovine Papillomavirus type 2 in urinary bladder and whole blood from cattle with enzootic haematuria. J Virol Methods 2005; 126:215-9. [PMID: 15847940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) and chronic intoxication by bracken fern ingestion were associated with urinary bladder lesions and the clinical signs of enzootic haematuria in adult cattle. Clinically enzootic haematuria is characterized by intermittent haematuria followed by animal death. Enzootic haematuria causes considerable economical impact on extensive cattle breeding worldwide. The demonstration of BPV-2 participation in the etiology of bovine urinary bladder carcinoma by conventional virological methods is not easy and the integrity of epidemiological studies relies on methods that are sensitive and specific for BPV-2 detection and typing. A multiplex-PCR was evaluated for BPV-2 L1 gene and bovine mitochondrial genome ND5 gene (internal control) detection followed by a second round of BPV-2 amplification by a semi-nested PCR (SN-PCR). Six skin papilloma samples were used for PCR technique development. Twenty-two urinary bladder samples from symptomatic (n = 12) and asymptomatic (n = 10, control group) cows and 25 blood samples from cows grazed on enzootic haematuria-endemic (n = 14) and enzootic haematuria-free (n = 11, control group) geographical regions of Parana State, Brazil were analyzed. The SN-PCR detected BPV-2 in seven urinary bladder and 10 whole blood samples collected from cows with enzootic haematuria and in one urinary bladder and one whole blood samples of asymptomatic cows. The specificity of the amplicon was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. The SN-PCR technique developed in this study will make possible the realization of diagnosis and comparative epidemiological studies to evaluate BPV-2 infection rates in cattle, and the association of this infection with bracken fern chronic intoxication in the etiology of enzootic haematuria and opens the possibility of ante mortem studies by lymphocytes analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Rezler Wosiacki
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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