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Powers-Riggs NE, Birgisson BO, Raj SL, Biasin E, Lenzen P, Zederkof DB, Haubro M, Tveiten DKV, Hartsock RW, van Driel TB, Kunnus K, Chollet M, Robinson JS, Nelson S, Forbes R, Haldrup K, Pedersen KS, Levi G, Ougaard Dohn A, Jónsson H, Mo Ller KB, Natan A, Nielsen MM, Gaffney KJ. Characterization of Deformational Isomerization Potential and Interconversion Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Solution Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13962-13973. [PMID: 38727611 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Dimeric complexes composed of d8 square planar metal centers and rigid bridging ligands provide model systems to understand the interplay between attractive dispersion forces and steric strain in order to assist the development of reliable methods to model metal dimer complexes more broadly. [Ir2 (dimen)4]2+ (dimen = para-diisocyanomenthane) presents a unique case study for such phenomena, as distortions of the optimal structure of a ligand with limited conformational flexibility counteract the attractive dispersive forces from the metal and ligand to yield a complex with two ground state deformational isomers. Here, we use ultrafast X-ray solution scattering (XSS) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy (OTAS) to reveal the nature of the equilibrium distribution and the exchange rate between the deformational isomers. The two ground state isomers have spectrally distinct electronic excitations that enable the selective excitation of one isomer or the other using a femtosecond duration pulse of visible light. We then track the dynamics of the nonequilibrium depletion of the electronic ground state population─often termed the ground state hole─with ultrafast XSS and OTAS, revealing a restoration of the ground state equilibrium in 2.3 ps. This combined experimental and theoretical study provides a critical test of various density functional approximations in the description of bridged d8-d8 metal complexes. The results show that density functional theory calculations can reproduce the primary experimental observations if dispersion interactions are added, and a hybrid functional, which includes exact exchange, is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Powers-Riggs
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
| | - Benedikt O Birgisson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sumana L Raj
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
| | - Elisa Biasin
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
| | - Philipp Lenzen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Haubro
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dagrún K V Tveiten
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Joseph S Robinson
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Asmus Ougaard Dohn
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Adi Natan
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
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Antolini C, Sosa Alfaro V, Reinhard M, Chatterjee G, Ribson R, Sokaras D, Gee L, Sato T, Kramer PL, Raj SL, Hayes B, Schleissner P, Garcia-Esparza AT, Lim J, Babicz JT, Follmer AH, Nelson S, Chollet M, Alonso-Mori R, van Driel TB. The Liquid Jet Endstation for Hard X-ray Scattering and Spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Molecules 2024; 29:2323. [PMID: 38792184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to study chemical dynamics on ultrafast timescales has greatly advanced with the introduction of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) providing short pulses of intense X-rays tailored to probe atomic structure and electronic configuration. Fully exploiting the full potential of XFELs requires specialized experimental endstations along with the development of techniques and methods to successfully carry out experiments. The liquid jet endstation (LJE) at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) has been developed to study photochemistry and biochemistry in solution systems using a combination of X-ray solution scattering (XSS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The pump-probe setup utilizes an optical laser to excite the sample, which is subsequently probed by a hard X-ray pulse to resolve structural and electronic dynamics at their intrinsic femtosecond timescales. The LJE ensures reliable sample delivery to the X-ray interaction point via various liquid jets, enabling rapid replenishment of thin samples with millimolar concentrations and low sample volumes at the 120 Hz repetition rate of the LCLS beam. This paper provides a detailed description of the LJE design and of the techniques it enables, with an emphasis on the diagnostics required for real-time monitoring of the liquid jet and on the spatiotemporal overlap methods used to optimize the signal. Additionally, various scientific examples are discussed, highlighting the versatility of the LJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marco Reinhard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gourab Chatterjee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Ribson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Leland Gee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Patrick L Kramer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sumana Laxmi Raj
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Pamela Schleissner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Jinkyu Lim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey T Babicz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alec H Follmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tim B van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Ivanovich I, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson 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Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Manuel MJE, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez JI, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, 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Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:065102. [PMID: 38394591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T D Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Christiansen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Do
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Drury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Felker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F R Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Ivanovich
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C M Krauland
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Kur
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J I Martinez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R C Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Oesterle
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Pedretti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - D Phillion
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Pickworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Piston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P W Rambo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
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| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F Schmit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Smidt
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| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Stanley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C H Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Strauser
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Streckart
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Streit
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| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stutz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Summers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Svidzinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Sweet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Szoke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tabak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Takagi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Tambazidis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Taranowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Telford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Thi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - I J Thompson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - C B Thorsness
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Tipton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tobin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Tomlin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A J Toreja
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Townsend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Trenholme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Trivelpiece
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Truax
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Truong
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D Tubbs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Tubman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Tunnell
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Turner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ulitsky
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Upadhye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Vaher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P VanArsdall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D VanBlarcom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - R VanQuinlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W S Varnum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Velikovich
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - A Vella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C P Verdon
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - B Vermillion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Vernon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Vesey
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Vickers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R M Vignes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Visosky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Vocke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Vonhof
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Von Rotz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H X Vu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Wallin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Walmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C F Walters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Waltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
| | - B E Warner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Watson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Watt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Watts
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| | - J Weaver
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| | - R P Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Weaver
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S V Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Welday
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| | - L Welser-Sherrill
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| | - K Weiss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K B Wharton
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| | - G F Wheeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Whistler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K White
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M E Wickett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Widmayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wiedwald
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| | - R Wilcox
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| | - S Wilcox
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| | - C Wild
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| | - B H Wilde
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| | - C H Wilde
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| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Wilke
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| | - H Wilkens
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| | - P Wilkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D C Wilson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Winters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P J Wisoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wittman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Wolfe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K W Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Woodhouse
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| | - J Woodruff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Woods
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Woods
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B N Woodworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wooten
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Wootton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Work
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - J B Workman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wu
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Wuest
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - F J Wysocki
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Xu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Yamaguchi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S T Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Yatabe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B C Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Yi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C S Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C V Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Yu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Zagaris
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Zaitseva
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Zaka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Ze
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Zeiger
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - M Zika
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G B Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Zobrist
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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4
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Zallar L, Rivera-Irizarry J, Hamor P, Pigulevskiy I, Liu D, Welday J, Rico Rozo A, Bender R, Asfouri J, Levine O, Skelly M, Hadley C, Fecteau K, Mehanna H, Nelson S, Miller J, Ghazal P, Bellotti P, Singh A, Hollmer L, Erikson D, Geri J, Pleil K. Rapid nongenomic estrogen signaling controls alcohol drinking behavior. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.02.565358. [PMID: 37961707 PMCID: PMC10635092 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The sex steroid hormone estrogen is a key modulator of numerous physiological processes and adaptive behaviors, but it may also be co-opted to drive maladaptive behaviors. While many behavioral roles for estrogen signaling have been shown to occur through canonical genomic signaling mechanisms via nuclear receptors, estrogen can also act in a neurotransmitter-like fashion at membrane-associated estrogen receptors to rapidly regulate neuronal function. Early alcohol drinking confers greater risk for alcohol use disorder in women than men, and binge alcohol drinking is correlated with high circulating estrogen but a causal role for estrogen in alcohol drinking has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that gonadally intact female mice consume more alcohol and display an anxiolytic phenotype when they have elevated levels of ovarian-derived estrogen across the estrous cycle. We found that rapid, nongenomic estrogen signaling at membrane-associated estrogen receptor alpha in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is necessary and sufficient for the pro-alcohol drinking effects of ovarian estrogen signaling, regardless of the transcriptional program of a high ovarian estrogen state. We further show that a population of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) BNST neurons (BNSTCRF) is a critical mediator of these effects, as high estrogen rapidly enhances synaptic excitation of BNSTCRF neurons and promotes their role in driving binge alcohol drinking. These findings show a causal role for endogenous, ovarian-derived estrogen in hormonal modulation of risky alcohol consumption and provide the first demonstration of a purely rapid, nongenomic signaling mechanism of ovarian estrogen in the brain controlling behavior in gonadally intact females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Zallar
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J.K. Rivera-Irizarry
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P.U. Hamor
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I. Pigulevskiy
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J.P. Welday
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.S. Rico Rozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Asfouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O.B. Levine
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.J. Skelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C.K. Hadley
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K.M. Fecteau
- Endocrine Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - H. Mehanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. Ghazal
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. Bellotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Singh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L.V. Hollmer
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D.W. Erikson
- Endocrine Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - J. Geri
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K.E. Pleil
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Kurta RP, van Driel TB, Dohn AO, Berberich TB, Nelson S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Mukharamova N, Lapkin D, Zederkof DB, Seaberg M, Pedersen KS, Kjær KS, Rippy GI, Biasin E, Møller KB, Gelisio L, Haldrup K, Vartanyants IA, Nielsen MM. Exploring fingerprints of ultrafast structural dynamics in molecular solutions with an X-ray laser. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23417-23434. [PMID: 37486006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We apply ultrashort X-ray laser pulses to track optically excited structural dynamics of [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ molecules in solution. In our exploratory study we determine angular correlations in the scattered X-rays, which comprise a complex fingerprint of the ultrafast dynamics. Model-assisted analysis of the experimental correlation data allows us to elucidate various aspects of the photoinduced changes in the excited molecular ensembles. We unambiguously identify that in our experiment the photoinduced transition dipole moments in [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ molecules are oriented perpendicular to the Ir-Ir bond. The analysis also shows that the ground state conformer of [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ with a larger Ir-Ir distance is mostly responsible for the formation of the excited state. We also reveal that the ensemble of solute molecules can be characterized with a substantial structural heterogeneity due to solvent influence. The proposed X-ray correlation approach offers an alternative path for studies of ultrafast structural dynamics of molecular ensembles in the liquid and gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan P Kurta
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Tim B van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana B Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Matthew Seaberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Geoffery Ian Rippy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Nelson S, Kim E, Kaelber D. Integrating Oral Health into Primary Care: Perspectives for Older Adults. J Dent Res 2023; 102:849-853. [PMID: 37085982 PMCID: PMC10399081 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231165011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nelson
- Department of Community Dentistry and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine and School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E.G.R. Kim
- Departments of Family Medicine and the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The Metrohealth System and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D.C. Kaelber
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Science and the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Abdulameer NJ, Acharya U, Adare A, Aidala C, Ajitanand NN, Akiba Y, Akimoto R, Alfred M, Apadula N, Aramaki Y, Asano H, Atomssa ET, Awes TC, Azmoun B, Babintsev V, Bai M, Bandara NS, Bannier B, Barish KN, Bathe S, Bazilevsky A, Beaumier M, Beckman S, Belmont R, Berdnikov A, Berdnikov Y, Bichon L, Black D, Blankenship B, Bok JS, Borisov V, Boyle K, Brooks ML, Bryslawskyj J, Buesching H, Bumazhnov V, Campbell S, Canoa Roman V, Chen CH, Chiu M, Chi CY, Choi IJ, Choi JB, Chujo T, Citron Z, Connors M, Corliss R, Corrales Morales Y, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Datta A, Daugherity MS, David G, Dean CT, DeBlasio K, Dehmelt K, Denisov A, Deshpande A, Desmond EJ, Ding L, Dion A, Doomra V, Do JH, Drees A, Drees KA, Durham JM, Durum A, En'yo H, Enokizono A, Esha R, Fadem B, Fan W, Feege N, Fields DE, Finger M, Finger M, Firak D, Fitzgerald D, Fokin SL, Frantz JE, Franz A, Frawley AD, Gallus P, Gal C, Garg P, Ge H, Giles M, Giordano F, Glenn A, Goto Y, Grau N, Greene SV, Grosse Perdekamp M, Gunji T, Guragain H, Gu Y, Hachiya T, Haggerty JS, Hahn KI, Hamagaki H, Hanks J, Han SY, Harvey M, Hasegawa S, Hemmick TK, He X, Hill JC, Hodges A, Hollis RS, Homma K, Hong B, Hoshino T, Huang J, Ikeda Y, Imai K, Imazu Y, Inaba M, Iordanova A, Isenhower D, Ivanishchev D, Jacak BV, Jeon SJ, Jezghani M, Jiang X, Ji Z, Johnson BM, Joo E, Joo KS, Jouan D, Jumper DS, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kawall D, Kazantsev AV, Key JA, Khachatryan V, Khanzadeev A, Khatiwada A, Kihara K, Kim C, Kim DH, Kim DJ, Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Kim M, Kim T, Kim YK, Kincses D, Kingan A, Kistenev E, Klatsky J, Kleinjan D, Kline P, Koblesky T, Kofarago M, Koster J, Kotov D, Kovacs L, Kurgyis B, Kurita K, Kurosawa M, Kwon Y, Lajoie JG, Larionova D, Lebedev A, Lee KB, Lee SH, Leitch MJ, Leitgab M, Lewis NA, Lim SH, Liu MX, Li X, Loomis DA, Lynch D, Lökös S, Majoros T, Makdisi YI, Makek M, Manion A, Manko VI, Mannel E, McCumber M, McGaughey PL, McGlinchey D, McKinney C, Meles A, Mendoza M, Meredith B, Miake Y, Mignerey AC, Miller AJ, Milov A, Mishra DK, Mitchell JT, Mitrankova M, Mitrankov I, Miyasaka S, Mizuno S, Mondal MM, Montuenga P, Moon T, Morrison DP, Moukhanova TV, Muhammad A, Mulilo B, Murakami T, Murata J, Mwai A, Nagamiya S, Nagle JL, Nagy MI, Nakagawa I, Nakagomi H, Nakano K, Nattrass C, Nelson S, Netrakanti PK, Nihashi M, Niida T, Nouicer R, Novitzky N, Nukazuka G, Nyanin AS, O'Brien E, Ogilvie CA, Oh J, Orjuela Koop JD, Orosz M, Osborn JD, Oskarsson A, Ozawa K, Pak R, Pantuev V, Papavassiliou V, Park JS, Park S, Patel L, Patel M, Pate SF, Peng JC, Peng W, Perepelitsa DV, Perera GDN, Peressounko DY, PerezLara CE, Perry J, Petti R, Pinkenburg C, Pinson R, Pisani RP, Potekhin M, Pun A, Purschke ML, Radzevich PV, Rak J, Ramasubramanian N, Ravinovich I, Read KF, Reynolds D, Riabov V, Riabov Y, Richford D, Riveli N, Roach D, Rolnick SD, Rosati M, Rowan Z, Rubin JG, Runchey J, Saito N, Sakaguchi T, Sako H, Samsonov V, Sarsour M, Sato S, Sawada S, Schaefer B, Schmoll BK, Sedgwick K, Seele J, Seidl R, Sen A, Seto R, Sett P, Sexton A, Sharma D, Shein I, Shibata M, Shibata TA, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shi Z, Shukla P, Sickles A, Silva CL, Silvermyr D, Singh BK, Singh CP, Singh V, Slunečka M, Smith KL, Soltz RA, Sondheim WE, Sorensen SP, Sourikova IV, Stankus PW, Stepanov M, Stoll SP, Sugitate T, Sukhanov A, Sumita T, Sun J, Sun Z, Sziklai J, Takahama R, Takahara A, Taketani A, Tanida K, Tannenbaum MJ, Tarafdar S, Taranenko A, Timilsina A, Todoroki T, Tomášek M, Torii H, Towell M, Towell R, Towell RS, Tserruya I, Ueda Y, Ujvari B, van Hecke HW, Vargyas M, Velkovska J, Virius M, Vrba V, Vznuzdaev E, Wang XR, Wang Z, Watanabe D, Watanabe Y, Watanabe YS, Wei F, Whitaker S, Wolin S, Wong CP, Woody CL, Wysocki M, Xia B, Xue L, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi YL, Yanovich A, Yoon I, Younus I, Yushmanov IE, Zajc WA, Zelenski A, Zou L. Measurement of Direct-Photon Cross Section and Double-Helicity Asymmetry at sqrt[s]=510 GeV in p[over →]+p[over →] Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:251901. [PMID: 37418716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the cross section and double-helicity asymmetry A_{LL} of direct-photon production in p[over →]+p[over →] collisions at sqrt[s]=510 GeV. The measurements have been performed at midrapidity (|η|<0.25) with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At relativistic energies, direct photons are dominantly produced from the initial quark-gluon hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force at leading order. Therefore, at sqrt[s]=510 GeV, where leading-order-effects dominate, these measurements provide clean and direct access to the gluon helicity in the polarized proton in the gluon-momentum-fraction range 0.02<x<0.08, with direct sensitivity to the sign of the gluon contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Abdulameer
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - U Acharya
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - A Adare
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C Aidala
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - N N Ajitanand
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Y Akiba
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R Akimoto
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Alfred
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA
| | - N Apadula
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Y Aramaki
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Asano
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E T Atomssa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T C Awes
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B Azmoun
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V Babintsev
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - M Bai
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N S Bandara
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - B Bannier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K N Barish
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Bathe
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Bazilevsky
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Beaumier
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Beckman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Belmont
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
| | - A Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - L Bichon
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - D Black
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - B Blankenship
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - J S Bok
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - V Borisov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - K Boyle
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M L Brooks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Bryslawskyj
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - H Buesching
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V Bumazhnov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - S Campbell
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Canoa Roman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C-H Chen
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Chiu
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C Y Chi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - I J Choi
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J B Choi
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - T Chujo
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Z Citron
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M Connors
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - R Corliss
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - M Csanád
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - T Csörgő
- MATE, Laboratory of Femtoscopy, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátraiút 36, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Datta
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - G David
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C T Dean
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K DeBlasio
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - K Dehmelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Denisov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Deshpande
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - E J Desmond
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - L Ding
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A Dion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - V Doomra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J H Do
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - A Drees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K A Drees
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Durum
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - H En'yo
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Enokizono
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - R Esha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - B Fadem
- Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
| | - W Fan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - N Feege
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D E Fields
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 180 00 Troja, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 180 00 Troja, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Firak
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S L Fokin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - J E Frantz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A Franz
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A D Frawley
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Gallus
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - C Gal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Garg
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - H Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Giles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - F Giordano
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Goto
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N Grau
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - S V Greene
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | - T Gunji
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Guragain
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Y Gu
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - T Hachiya
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J S Haggerty
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K I Hahn
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H Hamagaki
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Hanks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S Y Han
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - M Harvey
- Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - S Hasegawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - T K Hemmick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - X He
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - J C Hill
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A Hodges
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R S Hollis
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - K Homma
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Hong
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - T Hoshino
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J Huang
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y Ikeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - Y Imazu
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Inaba
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Iordanova
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - D Ivanishchev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - B V Jacak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S J Jeon
- Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
| | - M Jezghani
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - B M Johnson
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - E Joo
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - K S Joo
- Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
| | - D Jouan
- IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
| | - D S Jumper
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J S Kang
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A V Kazantsev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - J A Key
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - V Khachatryan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Khanzadeev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - A Khatiwada
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Kihara
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - C Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E-J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - T Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - A Kingan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - E Kistenev
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Klatsky
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - D Kleinjan
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - P Kline
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Koblesky
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Kofarago
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Koster
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - D Kotov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - L Kovacs
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - B Kurgyis
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - K Kurita
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Kurosawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J G Lajoie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Larionova
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - A Lebedev
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K B Lee
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Lee
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M J Leitch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Leitgab
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N A Lewis
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S H Lim
- Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - M X Liu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D A Loomis
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - D Lynch
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Lökös
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - T Majoros
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Y I Makdisi
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Makek
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Manion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - V I Manko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - E Mannel
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M McCumber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P L McGaughey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D McGlinchey
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McKinney
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Meles
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - M Mendoza
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - B Meredith
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - Y Miake
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A C Mignerey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A J Miller
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - A Milov
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - D K Mishra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - J T Mitchell
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Mitrankova
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - Iu Mitrankov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - S Miyasaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Mizuno
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M M Mondal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Montuenga
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Moon
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - D P Morrison
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T V Moukhanova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - A Muhammad
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - B Mulilo
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia
| | - T Murakami
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Murata
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - A Mwai
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - S Nagamiya
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J L Nagle
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - I Nakagawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - H Nakagomi
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - K Nakano
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | | | - M Nihashi
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Niida
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - R Nouicer
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N Novitzky
- Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - G Nukazuka
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A S Nyanin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - E O'Brien
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C A Ogilvie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Oh
- Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
| | | | - M Orosz
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - J D Osborn
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Oskarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Ozawa
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - R Pak
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V Pantuev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - J S Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - S Park
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - L Patel
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - M Patel
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - J-C Peng
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Peng
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - D V Perepelitsa
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - G D N Perera
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - D Yu Peressounko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - C E PerezLara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Perry
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Petti
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C Pinkenburg
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R Pinson
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - R P Pisani
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Potekhin
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Pun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M L Purschke
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P V Radzevich
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - J Rak
- Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - N Ramasubramanian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Reynolds
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - V Riabov
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - Y Riabov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - D Richford
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - N Riveli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Roach
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - S D Rolnick
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Rosati
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Z Rowan
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - J G Rubin
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - J Runchey
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - N Saito
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Sakaguchi
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - H Sako
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - V Samsonov
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - M Sarsour
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - S Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Sawada
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B Schaefer
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - B K Schmoll
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Sedgwick
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J Seele
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R Seidl
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Sen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - R Seto
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - P Sett
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - A Sexton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - I Shein
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - M Shibata
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - T-A Shibata
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Shigaki
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Shimomura
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Z Shi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Shukla
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - A Sickles
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C L Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Silvermyr
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B K Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C P Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M Slunečka
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 180 00 Troja, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K L Smith
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - R A Soltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W E Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S P Sorensen
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - I V Sourikova
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P W Stankus
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Stepanov
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - S P Stoll
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Sugitate
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Sumita
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Z Sun
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - J Sziklai
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Takahama
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - A Takahara
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Taketani
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - M J Tannenbaum
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Tarafdar
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - A Timilsina
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - T Todoroki
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Tomášek
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Torii
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - R Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - R S Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - I Tserruya
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Y Ueda
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Ujvari
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - H W van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vargyas
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Velkovska
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - M Virius
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V Vrba
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - E Vznuzdaev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - X R Wang
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - D Watanabe
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Y S Watanabe
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - F Wei
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S Whitaker
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Wolin
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C P Wong
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Woody
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Wysocki
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B Xia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - L Xue
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - S Yalcin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Y L Yamaguchi
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Yanovich
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - I Yoon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - I Younus
- Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - I E Yushmanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - W A Zajc
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - A Zelenski
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - L Zou
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman T, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins G, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo 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Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal C, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, 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Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:075001. [PMID: 36018710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Court, Pleasanton, California, USA 94566
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- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Department of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
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| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Optical Sciences Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Washington State University, Office of Research, P.O. Box 641060, Pullman, Washington 99164-1060, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Department of Physics, MS 0220, 1664. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mariscal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Focused Energy Inc., 11525-B Stonehollow Drive, Suite 200, Austin Texas 78758, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Pickworth
- Lund University, MAX IV Laboratory, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Rambo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Townes Laser Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M J Schmitt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Strauser
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Streckart
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| | - J Streit
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| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
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| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Svidzinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Sweet
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| | - A Szoke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tabak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Takagi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Tambazidis
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| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Taranowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Telford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Thi
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| | - A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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| | - I Thomas
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| | - R Thomas
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| | - I J Thompson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - C B Thorsness
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Tipton
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| | - M Tobin
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| | - N Tomlin
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| | - R Tommasini
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| | - A J Toreja
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| | - J Torres
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| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Townsend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Trenholme
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Truong
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Tubbs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Tubman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Tunnell
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| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Turner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ulitsky
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Upadhye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Vaher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P VanArsdall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - R VanQuinlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W S Varnum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Velikovich
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - A Vella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C P Verdon
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| | - B Vermillion
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| | - S Vernon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Vesey
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Vickers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R M Vignes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Visosky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Vocke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Vonhof
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Von Rotz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H X Vu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Wallin
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| | - D Walmer
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| | - C A Walsh
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| | - C F Walters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Waltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B E Warner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Watson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Watt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Watts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Weaver
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - R P Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Weaver
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S V Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Welday
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Welser-Sherrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Weiss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G F Wheeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Whistler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K White
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M E Wickett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Widmayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wiedwald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilcox
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Wilcox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Wild
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| | - B H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Wilke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Wilkens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Wilkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D C Wilson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Winters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wisoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wittman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Wolfe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K W Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Woodhouse
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Woodruff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Woods
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Woods
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B N Woodworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wooten
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Wootton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Work
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J B Workman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wu
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Wuest
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - F J Wysocki
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Xu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Yamaguchi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S T Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Yatabe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B C Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Yi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C S Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C V Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Zagaris
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Zaitseva
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Zaka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Ze
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Zeiger
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Zika
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G B Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Zobrist
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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Bhullar P, Boudreaux B, Severson K, Zhang N, Butterfield R, Brumfiel C, Patel M, Li X, Hughes A, Zunich S, Branch E, Nelson S, Sekulic A, Pittelkow M, Mangold A. LB947 An open-label study of topical ruxolitinib in necrobiosis lipoidica. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Choudhary A, Boudreaux B, Bhullar P, Nelson S, Mangold A, Iyer R. LB889 Risk stratification of squamous cell carcinoma using weakly supervised multitask learning of whole slide images. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nelson S. O-049 From individual to clinic to population: implications of COVID-19. Hum Reprod 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384361 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac104.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Nelson
- University of Glasgow, Royal Fertility Clinic, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Kinsella M, Capel Y, Halliday L, Shaw M, Nelson S, Kearns R. O.4 Buprenorphine compared with methadone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Acharya U, Aidala C, Akiba Y, Alfred M, Andrieux V, Apadula N, Asano H, Azmoun B, Babintsev V, Bandara N, Barish K, Bathe S, Bazilevsky A, Beaumier M, Belmont R, Berdnikov A, Berdnikov Y, Bichon L, Blankenship B, Blau D, Bok J, Borisov V, Brooks M, Bryslawskyj J, Bumazhnov V, Campbell S, Canoa Roman V, Cervantes R, Chiu M, Chi C, Choi I, Choi J, Citron Z, Connors M, Corliss R, Cronin N, Csörgő T, Csanád M, Danley T, Daugherity M, David G, DeBlasio K, Dehmelt K, Denisov A, Deshpande A, Desmond E, Dion A, Dixit D, Do J, Drees A, Drees K, Durham J, Durum A, En’yo H, Enokizono A, Esha R, Esumi S, Fadem B, Fan W, Feege N, Fields D, Finger M, Finger M, Fitzgerald D, Fokin S, Frantz J, Franz A, Frawley A, Fukuda Y, Gallus P, Gal C, Garg P, Ge H, Giles M, Giordano F, Goto Y, Grau N, Greene S, Grosse Perdekamp M, Gunji T, Guragain H, Hachiya T, Haggerty J, Hahn K, Hamagaki H, Hamilton H, Hanks J, Han S, Harvey M, Hasegawa S, Haseler T, Hemmick T, He X, Hill J, Hill K, Hodges A, Hollis R, Homma K, Hong B, Hoshino T, Hotvedt N, Huang J, Imai K, Inaba M, Iordanova A, Isenhower D, Ivanishchev D, Jacak B, Jezghani M, Jiang X, Ji Z, Johnson B, Jouan D, Jumper D, Kang J, Kapukchyan D, Karthas S, Kawall D, Kazantsev A, Khachatryan V, Khanzadeev A, Khatiwada A, Kim C, Kim EJ, Kim M, Kim T, Kincses D, Kingan A, Kistenev E, Klatsky J, Kline P, Koblesky T, Kotov D, Kovacs L, Kudo S, Kurita K, Kwon Y, Lajoie J, Larionova D, Lebedev A, Lee S, Lee S, Leitch M, Leung Y, Lewis N, Lim S, Liu M, Li X, Loggins VR, Loomis D, Lovasz K, Lynch D, Lökös S, Majoros T, Makdisi Y, Makek M, Manko V, Mannel E, McCumber M, McGaughey P, McGlinchey D, McKinney C, Mendoza M, Mignerey A, Milov A, Mishra D, Mitchell J, Mitrankova M, Mitrankov I, Mitrankov I, Mitsuka G, Miyasaka S, Mizuno S, Mondal M, Montuenga P, Moon T, Morrison D, Mulilo B, Murakami T, Murata J, Nagai K, Nagashima K, Nagashima T, Nagle J, Nagy M, Nakagawa I, Nakano K, Nattrass C, Nelson S, Niida T, Nouicer R, Novák T, Novitzky N, Nukazuka G, Nyanin A, O’Brien E, Ogilvie C, Orjuela Koop J, Osborn J, Oskarsson A, Ottino G, Ozawa K, Pantuev V, Papavassiliou V, Park J, Park S, Patel M, Pate S, Peng W, Perepelitsa D, Perera G, Peressounko D, PerezLara C, Perry J, Petti R, Phipps M, Pinkenburg C, Pisani R, Potekhin M, Pun A, Purschke M, Radzevich P, Ramasubramanian N, Read K, Reynolds D, Riabov V, Riabov Y, Richford D, Rinn T, Rolnick S, Rosati M, Rowan Z, Runchey J, Safonov A, Sakaguchi T, Sako H, Samsonov V, Sarsour M, Sato S, Schaefer B, Schmoll B, Sedgwick K, Seidl R, Sen A, Seto R, Sexton A, Sharma D, Shein I, Shibata TA, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shioya T, Shukla P, Sickles A, Silva C, Silvermyr D, Singh B, Singh C, Singh V, Slunečka M, Smith K, Snowball M, Soltz R, Sondheim W, Sorensen S, Sourikova I, Stankus P, Stoll S, Sugitate T, Sukhanov A, Sumita T, Sun J, Sun Z, Sziklai J, Tanida K, Tannenbaum M, Tarafdar S, Taranenko A, Tarnai G, Tieulent R, Timilsina A, Todoroki T, Tomášek M, Towell C, Towell R, Tserruya I, Ueda Y, Ujvari B, van Hecke H, Velkovska J, Virius M, Vrba V, Vukman N, Wang X, Watanabe Y, Wong C, Woody C, Xue L, Xu C, Xu Q, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi Y, Yamamoto H, Yanovich A, Yoon I, Yoo J, Yushmanov I, Yu H, Zajc W, Zelenski A, Zharko S, Zou L. Transverse-single-spin asymmetries of charged pions at midrapidity in transversely polarized
p+p
collisions at
s=200 GeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Flores LE, Nelson S, Waltman N, Kupzyk K, Lappe J, Mack L, Bilek LD. Examining effects of habitual physical activity and body composition on bone structure in early post-menopausal women: a pQCT analysis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:425-433. [PMID: 34510230 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED After menopause, bones decline in structure and can break more easily. Physical activity can strengthen bones. This study investigated how activity and body composition can impact bone structure in post-menopausal women. Higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with bone structure at the lower leg. PURPOSE The menopausal transition is characterized by dramatic bone loss, leading to an increased risk of fracture. Few studies have examined how modifiable risk factors influence bone structure. Thus, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between habitual physical activity (PA), body composition, and bone structure in post-menopausal women with low bone mass. METHODS Data was analyzed from 276 post-menopausal women with low bone mass enrolled in the Heartland Osteoporosis Prevention Study. Body composition and bone structure measures were collected using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the tibia. Habitual PA was collected using the Human Activity Profile questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relative impact of habitual PA and body composition on bone structure measures (density, area, and strength). Direct and/or indirect effects of PA on bone outcomes were assessed by path analysis. RESULTS Mean (± SD) age of participants was 54.5 (± 3.2) years and average BMI was 25.7 (± 4.7). Mean T-score of the total lumber spine and hip were - 1.5 (± .6) and - 0.8 (± .59), respectively, with all women classified with low bone mass. Habitual PA had a significant positive effect on bone area and strength measures at the 66% site, and trend effects at the 4% site. Lean mass had a significant positive effect on area and strength at the 66% site and 4% site. Fat mass showed no effect at the 66% site, with a positive effect on density and strength at the 4% site. CONCLUSION Increased habitual activity was related to improved bone structure of the tibia. Our results in post-menopausal women emphasize that PA and lean mass preservation are important for maintaining bone structure in the years following menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Flores
- College of Allied Health Professions, 984000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4000, USA.
| | - S Nelson
- College of Allied Health Professions, 984000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4000, USA
| | - N Waltman
- Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Nursing, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - K Kupzyk
- Center for Nursing Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J Lappe
- Creighton Osteoporosis Research Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L Mack
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L D Bilek
- College of Allied Health Professions, 984000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4000, USA
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15
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Acharya UA, Aidala C, Akiba Y, Alfred M, Andrieux V, Apadula N, Asano H, Azmoun B, Babintsev V, Bandara NS, Barish KN, Bathe S, Bazilevsky A, Beaumier M, Belmont R, Berdnikov A, Berdnikov Y, Bichon L, Blankenship B, Blau DS, Bok JS, Brooks ML, Bryslawskyj J, Bumazhnov V, Campbell S, Canoa Roman V, Cervantes R, Chi CY, Chiu M, Choi IJ, Choi JB, Citron Z, Connors M, Corliss R, Corrales Morales Y, Cronin N, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Danley TW, Daugherity MS, David G, DeBlasio K, Dehmelt K, Denisov A, Deshpande A, Desmond EJ, Dion A, Dixit D, Do JH, Drees A, Drees KA, Durham JM, Durum A, Enokizono A, En'yo H, Esha R, Esumi S, Fadem B, Fan W, Feege N, Fields DE, Finger M, Finger M, Fitzgerald D, Fokin SL, Frantz JE, Franz A, Frawley AD, Fukuda Y, Gal C, Gallus P, Garg P, Ge H, Giles M, Giordano F, Goto Y, Grau N, Greene SV, Grosse Perdekamp M, Gunji T, Guragain H, Hachiya T, Haggerty JS, Hahn KI, Hamagaki H, Hamilton HF, Han SY, Hanks J, Harvey M, Hasegawa S, Haseler TOS, He X, Hemmick TK, Hill JC, Hill K, Hodges A, Hollis RS, Homma K, Hong B, Hoshino T, Hotvedt N, Huang J, Huang S, Imai K, Inaba M, Iordanova A, Isenhower D, Ivanishchev D, Jacak BV, Jezghani M, Ji Z, Jiang X, Johnson BM, Jouan D, Jumper DS, Kang JH, Kapukchyan D, Karthas S, Kawall D, Kazantsev AV, Khachatryan V, Khanzadeev A, Khatiwada A, Kim C, Kim EJ, Kim M, Kincses D, Kingan A, Kistenev E, Klatsky J, Kline P, Koblesky T, Kotov D, Kudo S, Kurgyis B, Kurita K, Kwon Y, Lajoie JG, Larionova D, Lebedev A, Lee S, Lee SH, Leitch MJ, Leung YH, Lewis NA, Li X, Lim SH, Liu MX, Loggins VR, Lökös S, Loomis DA, Lovasz K, Lynch D, Majoros T, Makdisi YI, Makek M, Manko VI, Mannel E, McCumber M, McGaughey PL, McGlinchey D, McKinney C, Mendoza M, Mignerey AC, Milov A, Mishra DK, Mitchell JT, Mitrankov I, Mitrankova M, Mitsuka G, Miyasaka S, Mizuno S, Mondal MM, Montuenga P, Moon T, Morrison DP, Mulilo B, Murakami T, Murata J, Nagai K, Nagashima K, Nagashima T, Nagle JL, Nagy MI, Nakagawa I, Nakano K, Nattrass C, Nelson S, Niida T, Nouicer R, Novák T, Novitzky N, Nukazuka G, Nyanin AS, O'Brien E, Ogilvie CA, Orjuela Koop JD, Osborn JD, Oskarsson A, Ottino GJ, Ozawa K, Pantuev V, Papavassiliou V, Park JS, Park S, Pate SF, Patel M, Peng W, Perepelitsa DV, Perera GDN, Peressounko DY, PerezLara CE, Perry J, Petti R, Phipps M, Pinkenburg C, Pisani RP, Potekhin M, Pun A, Purschke ML, Radzevich PV, Ramasubramanian N, Read KF, Reynolds D, Riabov V, Riabov Y, Richford D, Rinn T, Rolnick SD, Rosati M, Rowan Z, Runchey J, Safonov AS, Sakaguchi T, Sako H, Samsonov V, Sarsour M, Sato S, Schaefer B, Schmoll BK, Sedgwick K, Seidl R, Sen A, Seto R, Sexton A, Sharma D, Sharma D, Shein I, Shibata TA, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shioya T, Shukla P, Sickles A, Silva CL, Silvermyr D, Singh BK, Singh CP, Singh V, Slunečka M, Smith KL, Snowball M, Soltz RA, Sondheim WE, Sorensen SP, Sourikova IV, Stankus PW, Stoll SP, Sugitate T, Sukhanov A, Sumita T, Sun J, Sun Z, Sziklai J, Tanida K, Tannenbaum MJ, Tarafdar S, Taranenko A, Tarnai G, Tieulent R, Timilsina A, Todoroki T, Tomášek M, Towell CL, Towell RS, Tserruya I, Ueda Y, Ujvari B, van Hecke HW, Velkovska J, Virius M, Vrba V, Vukman N, Wang XR, Watanabe YS, Wong CP, Woody CL, Xu C, Xu Q, Xue L, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi YL, Yamamoto H, Yanovich A, Yoo JH, Yoon I, Yu H, Yushmanov IE, Zajc WA, Zelenski A, Zharko S, Zou L. Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons in p^{↑}+p Collisions at sqrt[s]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:162001. [PMID: 34723614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in p^{↑}+p collisions at sqrt[s]=200 GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton. This is the first time direct photons have been used as a probe of spin-momentum correlations at RHIC. The uncertainties on the results are a 50-fold improvement with respect to those of the one prior measurement for the same observable, from the Fermilab E704 experiment. These results constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Acharya
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - C Aidala
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Akiba
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Alfred
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA
| | - V Andrieux
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - N Apadula
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - H Asano
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B Azmoun
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V Babintsev
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - N S Bandara
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - K N Barish
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Bathe
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Bazilevsky
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Beaumier
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - R Belmont
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
| | - A Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - L Bichon
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - B Blankenship
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - D S Blau
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - J S Bok
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - M L Brooks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Bryslawskyj
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - V Bumazhnov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - S Campbell
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - V Canoa Roman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C Y Chi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - M Chiu
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - I J Choi
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J B Choi
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Z Citron
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M Connors
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R Corliss
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - N Cronin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - T Csörgő
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T W Danley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | | | - G David
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K DeBlasio
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - K Dehmelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Denisov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Deshpande
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - E J Desmond
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Dion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Dixit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J H Do
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - A Drees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K A Drees
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Durum
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Enokizono
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H En'yo
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Esha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S Esumi
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - B Fadem
- Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
| | - W Fan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - N Feege
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D E Fields
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S L Fokin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - J E Frantz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A Franz
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A D Frawley
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Y Fukuda
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - C Gal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Gallus
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P Garg
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - H Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Giles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - F Giordano
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Y Goto
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N Grau
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - S V Greene
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | - T Gunji
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Guragain
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - T Hachiya
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J S Haggerty
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K I Hahn
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H Hamagaki
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H F Hamilton
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - S Y Han
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - J Hanks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Harvey
- Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - S Hasegawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - T O S Haseler
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - X He
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - T K Hemmick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J C Hill
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Hill
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Hodges
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - R S Hollis
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - K Homma
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Hong
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - T Hoshino
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N Hotvedt
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Huang
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Huang
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Inaba
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Iordanova
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - D Ivanishchev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - B V Jacak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Jezghani
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Z Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Johnson
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - D Jouan
- IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
| | - D S Jumper
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Karthas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A V Kazantsev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - V Khachatryan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Khanzadeev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - A Khatiwada
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Kim
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - E-J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - A Kingan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - E Kistenev
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Klatsky
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Kline
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Koblesky
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Kotov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - S Kudo
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - B Kurgyis
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - K Kurita
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J G Lajoie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Larionova
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Lee
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M J Leitch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y H Leung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - N A Lewis
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Lim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - M X Liu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V-R Loggins
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Lökös
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - D A Loomis
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - K Lovasz
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - D Lynch
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Majoros
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Y I Makdisi
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Makek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V I Manko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - E Mannel
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M McCumber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P L McGaughey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D McGlinchey
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McKinney
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M Mendoza
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A C Mignerey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Milov
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - D K Mishra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - J T Mitchell
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Iu Mitrankov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - M Mitrankova
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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| | - S Miyasaka
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- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Mizuno
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- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M M Mondal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Montuenga
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Moon
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - D P Morrison
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Mulilo
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Murakami
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| | - J Murata
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| | - K Nagai
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| | - K Nagashima
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| | - T Nagashima
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J L Nagle
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - I Nakagawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Nakano
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- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - T Niida
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - R Nouicer
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Novák
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Novitzky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - G Nukazuka
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A S Nyanin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - E O'Brien
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C A Ogilvie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | | | - J D Osborn
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Oskarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - G J Ottino
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - K Ozawa
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Pantuev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - J S Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - S Park
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S F Pate
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| | - M Patel
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - W Peng
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - D V Perepelitsa
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G D N Perera
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - D Yu Peressounko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - C E PerezLara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Perry
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Petti
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| | - M Phipps
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Pinkenburg
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R P Pisani
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Potekhin
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Pun
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| | - M L Purschke
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P V Radzevich
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - N Ramasubramanian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Reynolds
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| | - V Riabov
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
| | - Y Riabov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - T Rinn
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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| | - S D Rolnick
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| | - A S Safonov
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- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - H Sako
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| | - S Sato
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| | - R Seidl
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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| | - I Shein
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| | - K Shigaki
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| | - M Shimomura
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| | - T Shioya
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| | - P Shukla
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| | - A Sickles
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- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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| | - V Singh
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| | - M Snowball
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| | - M Tomášek
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - C L Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - R S Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - I Tserruya
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Y Ueda
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Ujvari
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| | - H W van Hecke
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| | - M Virius
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| | - V Vrba
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| | - N Vukman
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| | - X R Wang
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| | - Y S Watanabe
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| | - C P Wong
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| | - C Xu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Q Xu
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| | - S Yalcin
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| | - Y L Yamaguchi
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| | - H Yamamoto
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| | - A Yanovich
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| | - J H Yoo
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - I Yoon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - H Yu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - I E Yushmanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - W A Zajc
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - A Zelenski
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| | - S Zharko
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - L Zou
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Alrashid K, Goulding N, Taylor A, Lumsden MA, Lawlor DA, Nelson S. P–396 Preconceptual male and female metabolite profiles are associated with ongoing pregnancy after IVF. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
In men and women undergoing IVF are preconceptual circulating metabolites associated with ongoing pregnancy rates?
Summary answer
Preconceptual serum histidine levels, in both women and men were associated with ongoing pregnancy. Several amino acids and lipoproteins exhibited possible sex-specific associations.
What is known already
Preconceptual maternal health has been associated with pregnancy outcomes after IVF. The extent to which this is because of pre-existing metabolic factors related to infertility and the role of paternal metabolic health is unclear.
Study design, size, duration
Cohort of 398 women and 325 male partners prospectively recruited between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2019.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Women and their male partners intending to undergo assisted conception at a University Hospital, had detailed pre-treatment phenotyping including non-fasting serum lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and low-molecular weight metabolites (including amino acids, glycolysis and inflammatory markers) (155 metabolites) quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to examine the associations of pre-treatment serum metabolic profiles, with ongoing pregnancy at 20 weeks gestation with adjustment for confounders.
Main results and the role of chance
392 women and 322 men proceeded to IVF treatment, with an overall ongoing pregnancy rate of 47.2% (95% CI 0.42, 0.52) per cycle started and a multiple pregnancy rate of 1.1% (95%CI 0.0, 0.04). In both females and males in confounder adjusted analyses histidine was associated with the chance of ongoing pregnancy, with similar magnitudes in each parent (OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.03, 1.60) per one standard deviation (SD) increase for males and OR 1.26 (95% CI 0.99, 1.60) per one SD increase for females). In females Alanine (OR = 1.31 (1.05, 1.64)), Isoleucine (OR = 1.28 (1.02, 1.61)) and Leucine (OR = 1.24 (0.99, 1.55)) had a positive association with ongoing pregnancy, while in males, pyruvate (OR = 1.30 (1.02,1.66)) exhibited a positive association with ongoing pregnancy. In both parents, associations of lipids, lipoproteins sub-particles and fatty acids with pregnancy were closer to the null.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Suggestive parental differences could be due to chance. Patients were relatively homogenous undertaking their first IVF cycle and the results may not be generalisable to other clinical populations.
Wider implications of the findings: This study provides data on a range of metabolic pathways and their association with ongoing pregnancy following IVF. The identification of potentially relevant clinical effect sizes in both men and women warrants further exploration.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alrashid
- University of Glasgow, School of Medicine, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Goulding
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit- Population Health Science, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Taylor
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit- Population Health Science- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M A Lumsden
- University of Glasgow, School of Medicine, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D A Lawlor
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit- Population Health Science- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Nelson
- University of Glasgow, School of Medicine- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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Sun Y, Carini G, Chollet M, Decker FJ, Dunne M, Fuoss P, Hruszkewycz SO, Lane TJ, Nakahara K, Nelson S, Robert A, Sato T, Song S, Stephenson GB, Sutton M, Van Driel TB, Weninger C, Zhu D. Nonuniform Flow Dynamics Probed by Nanosecond X-Ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:058001. [PMID: 34397240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.058001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of nanosecond nonuniform colloidal dynamics in a free flowing liquid jet using ultrafast x-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy. Utilizing a nanosecond double-bunch mode, the Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser produced pairs of femtosecond coherent hard x-ray pulses. By exploring anisotropy in the visibility of summed speckle patterns which relates to the correlation functions, we evaluate not only the average particle flow rate in a colloidal nanoparticle jet, but also the nonuniform flow field within. The methodology presented here establishes the foundation for the study of nano- and atomic-scale inhomogeneous fluctuations in complex matter using x-ray free electron laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mike Dunne
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Paul Fuoss
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stephan O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas J Lane
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kazutaka Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Brian Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Mark Sutton
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montrèal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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18
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Plumley R, Sun Y, Teitelbaum S, Song S, Sato T, Chollet M, Nelson S, Wang N, Sun P, Robert A, Fuoss P, Sutton M, Zhu D. Speckle correlation as a monitor of X-ray free-electron laser induced crystal lattice deformation. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1470-1476. [PMID: 33147171 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520011509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (X-FELs) present new opportunities to study ultrafast lattice dynamics in complex materials. While the unprecedented source brilliance enables high fidelity measurement of structural dynamics, it also raises experimental challenges related to the understanding and control of beam-induced irreversible structural changes in samples that can ultimately impact the interpretation of experimental results. This is also important for designing reliable high performance X-ray optical components. In this work, X-FEL beam-induced lattice alterations are investigated by measuring the shot-to-shot evolution of near-Bragg coherent scattering from a single crystalline germanium sample. It is shown that X-ray photon correlation analysis of sequential speckle patterns measurements can be used to monitor the nature and extent of lattice rearrangements. Abrupt, irreversible changes are observed following intermittent high-fluence monochromatic X-ray pulses, thus revealing the existence of a threshold response to X-FEL pulse intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Plumley
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel Teitelbaum
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peihao Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Paul Fuoss
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark Sutton
- Physics Department, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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19
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Roeland EJ, Phull H, Hagmann C, Sera C, Dullea AD, El-Jawahri A, Nelson S, Gallivan A, Ma JD, Nipp RD, Baracos VE. FIT: Functional and imaging testing for patients with metastatic cancer. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:2771-2775. [PMID: 32990784 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting study endpoints in prospective cancer cachexia trials remains poorly defined. The aim of this study was to further evaluate associations in changes in weight, body composition, functional outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS We completed a 2-year (2016-2018) observational study in patients with metastatic solid cancer and ECOG performance status 0 to 2 while receiving chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. We completed assessments at study enrollment and 3 months from enrollment. We analyzed longitudinal changes in weight and body composition using validated methods. Functional assessments included the 6-Min Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. PROs included the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue. We analyzed changes in body composition and functional assessment using paired t tests. Additionally, we utilized linear regression models to assess relationships between changes in body composition and function outcomes and PROs, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS A total of 57 patients completed baseline assessments, but 19 patients did not complete 3-month assessments (5 died, 1 hospice, 13 withdrew). Of the 38 patients with complete data, the mean age was 61.8 years and 47% were female. Metastatic cancer types included 71% gastrointestinal, 13% lung, and 8% gynecologic. Half received chemotherapy, 16% immunotherapy, and 34% a combination. From enrollment to 3 months, we did not observe a change in weight or skeletal muscle but did find an increase in total adipose tissue (16.9 ± 52.4 cm2, 95% CI - 33.79-0.63; p = 0.059; ~ 1.5 pounds). We did not observe any association with changes in weight with any functional outcomes or PROs. However, greater losses in skeletal muscle were associated with greater declines in physical function (6-Min Walk Test [B = 0.04, p = 0.01], Short Physical Performance Battery [B = 2.44, p < 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with metastatic cancer receiving cancer-directed therapy may not experience a change in body weight. However, we found an association between losses in skeletal muscle and greater declines in physical function. Therefore, when selecting study endpoints, prospective cancer cachexia studies may consider selecting changes in body composition over weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Roeland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7E, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - H Phull
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C Hagmann
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C Sera
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A D Dullea
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A El-Jawahri
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7E, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Nelson
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Gallivan
- University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J D Ma
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R D Nipp
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7E, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - V E Baracos
- University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Biasin E, van Driel TB, Kjer KS, Dohn AO, Christensen M, Harlang T, Vester P, Chabera P, Liu Y, Uhlig J, Papai M, Nemeth Z, Hartsock R, Liang W, Zhang J, Alonso-Mori R, Chollet M, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sokaras D, Assefa TA, Britz A, Galler A, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Gaffney KJ, Lemke HT, Moller KB, Nielsen MM, Sundstrom V, Vanko G, Warnmark K, Canton SE, Haldrup K. Publisher's Note: Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated [Co(terpy)_{2}]^{2+} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 013002 (2016)]. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:199902. [PMID: 32469585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.013002.
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21
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van Driel TB, Nelson S, Armenta R, Blaj G, Boo S, Boutet S, Doering D, Dragone A, Hart P, Haller G, Kenney C, Kwaitowski M, Manger L, McKelvey M, Nakahara K, Oriunno M, Sato T, Weaver M. The ePix10k 2-megapixel hard X-ray detector at LCLS. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:608-615. [PMID: 32381760 PMCID: PMC7206547 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ePix10ka2M (ePix10k) is a new large area detector specifically developed for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) applications. The hybrid pixel detector was developed at SLAC to provide a hard X-ray area detector with a high dynamic range, running at the 120 Hz repetition rate of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The ePix10k consists of 16 modules, each with 352 × 384 pixels of 100 µm × 100 µm distributed on four ASICs, resulting in a 2.16 megapixel detector, with a 16.5 cm × 16.5 cm active area and ∼80% coverage. The high dynamic range is achieved with three distinct gain settings (low, medium, high) as well as two auto-ranging modes (high-to-low and medium-to-low). Here the three fixed gain modes are evaluated. The resulting dynamic range (from single photon counting to 10000 photons pixel-1 pulse-1 at 8 keV) makes it suitable for a large number of different XFEL experiments. The ePix10k replaces the large CSPAD in operation since 2011. The dimensions of the two detectors are similar, making the upgrade from CSPAD to ePix10k straightforward for most setups, with the ePix10k improving on experimental performance. The SLAC-developed ePix cameras all utilize a similar platform, are tailored to target different experimental conditions and are designed to provide an upgrade path for future high-repetition-rate XFELs. Here the first measurements on this new ePix10k detector are presented and the performance under typical XFEL conditions evaluated during an LCLS X-ray diffuse scattering experiment measuring the 9.5 keV X-ray photons scattered from a thin liquid jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brandt van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca Armenta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gabriel Blaj
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stephen Boo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dionisio Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Angelo Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip Hart
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gunther Haller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Kenney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Maciej Kwaitowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Leo Manger
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark McKelvey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kaz Nakahara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marco Oriunno
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matt Weaver
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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22
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Bondar G, Bao T, Kurani M, Oh E, Patel K, Shah K, Nelson S, Savvidou S, Kupiec-Weglinsky S, Fadly G, Higuchi E, Silacheva I, LaPierre N, Li Z, Genewick K, Yu S, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Wang W, Ping P, Rossetti M, Reed E, Li X, Deng M. Exercise-Induced Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Heart Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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23
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Ledbetter K, Reinhard ME, Kunnus K, Gallo A, Britz A, Biasin E, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Van Driel TB, Weninger C, Zederkof DB, Haldrup K, Cordones AA, Gaffney KJ, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R. Excited state charge distribution and bond expansion of ferrous complexes observed with femtosecond valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074203. [PMID: 32087640 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy (VtC XES) combines the sample flexibility and element specificity of hard x-rays with the chemical environment sensitivity of valence spectroscopy. We extend this technique to study geometric and electronic structural changes induced by photoexcitation in the femtosecond time domain via laser-pump, x-ray probe experiments using an x-ray free electron laser. The results of time-resolved VtC XES on a series of ferrous complexes [Fe(CN)2n(2, 2'-bipyridine)3-n]-2n+2, n = 1, 2, 3, are presented. Comparisons of spectra obtained from ground state density functional theory calculations reveal signatures of excited state bond length and oxidation state changes. An oxidation state change associated with a metal-to-ligand charge transfer state with a lifetime of less than 100 fs is observed, as well as bond length changes associated with metal-centered excited states with lifetimes of 13 ps and 250 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ledbetter
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Britz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diana B Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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24
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Kunnus K, Vacher M, Harlang TCB, Kjær KS, Haldrup K, Biasin E, van Driel TB, Pápai M, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Källman E, Delcey M, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Sandberg L, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Lemke HT, Canton SE, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Vankó G, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Lundberg M, Uhlig J, Gaffney KJ. Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32005815 PMCID: PMC6994595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elisa Biasin
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mickaël Delcey
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Sandberg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Zewdie E, Ciechanski P, Kuo HC, Giuffre A, Kahl C, King R, Cole L, Godfrey H, Seeger T, Swansburg R, Damji O, Rajapakse T, Hodge J, Nelson S, Selby B, Gan L, Jadavji Z, Larson JR, MacMaster F, Yang JF, Barlow K, Gorassini M, Brunton K, Kirton A. Safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in children: Prospective single center evidence from 3.5 million stimulations. Brain Stimul 2019; 13:565-575. [PMID: 32289678 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive brain stimulation is being increasingly used to interrogate neurophysiology and modulate brain function. Despite the high scientific and therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation, experience in the developing brain has been limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and tolerability of non-invasive neurostimulation in children across diverse modalities of stimulation and pediatric populations. METHODS A non-invasive brain stimulation program was established in 2008 at our pediatric, academic institution. Multi-disciplinary neurophysiological studies included single- and paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) methods. Motor mapping employed robotic TMS. Interventional trials included repetitive TMS (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Standardized safety and tolerability measures were completed prospectively by all participants. RESULTS Over 10 years, 384 children underwent brain stimulation (median 13 years, range 0.8-18.0). Populations included typical development (n = 118), perinatal stroke/cerebral palsy (n = 101), mild traumatic brain injury (n = 121) neuropsychiatric disorders (n = 37), and other (n = 7). No serious adverse events occurred. Drop-outs were rare (<1%). No seizures were reported despite >100 participants having brain injuries and/or epilepsy. Tolerability between single and paired-pulse TMS (542340 stimulations) and rTMS (3.0 million stimulations) was comparable and favourable. TMS-related headache was more common in perinatal stroke (40%) than healthy participants (13%) but was mild and self-limiting. Tolerability improved over time with side-effect frequency decreasing by >50%. Robotic TMS motor mapping was well-tolerated though neck pain was more common than with manual TMS (33% vs 3%). Across 612 tDCS sessions including 92 children, tolerability was favourable with mild itching/tingling reported in 37%. CONCLUSIONS Standard non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms are safe and well-tolerated in children and should be considered minimal risk. Advancement of applications in the developing brain are warranted. A new and improved pediatric NIBS safety and tolerability form is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zewdie
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - P Ciechanski
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H C Kuo
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Giuffre
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Kahl
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R King
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Cole
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Godfrey
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T Seeger
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Swansburg
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - O Damji
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T Rajapakse
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Hodge
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Nelson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Selby
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Gan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Z Jadavji
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J R Larson
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - F MacMaster
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J F Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Barlow
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Brunton
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Kirton
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Zhong Q, Nelson S, Özdemir ŞK, El-Ganainy R. Controlling directional absorption with chiral exceptional surfaces. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5242-5245. [PMID: 31674978 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been dedicated to engineering optical systems with predefined, excitation-dependent light absorption. An important concept along this line is that of exceptional points which allow for engineering directional light absorbing schemes. Current systems, however, do not lend themselves to easy design criterion or robust experimental realization. Here we demonstrate that an optical microring resonator coupled to a waveguide terminated with a mirror supports a chiral exceptional surface that can be used as a platform for tailoring directional light absorption in a straightforward fashion. We further demonstrate that this configuration can be used to implement a unidirectional coherent perfect absorber with controllable differential loss by tuning only a single parameter.
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27
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Tatsuno H, Kjær KS, Kunnus K, Harlang TCB, Timm C, Guo M, Chàbera P, Fredin LA, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Cordones AA, Gordivska O, Prakash O, Liu Y, Laursen MG, Biasin E, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Németh Z, Sárosiné Szemes D, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Van Driel TB, Alonso‐Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Lemke HT, Sokaras D, Canton SE, Dohn AO, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Gaffney KJ, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Uhlig J. Hot Branching Dynamics in a Light‐Harvesting Iron Carbene Complex Revealed by Ultrafast X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:364-372. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Tatsuno H, Kjær KS, Kunnus K, Harlang TCB, Timm C, Guo M, Chàbera P, Fredin LA, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Cordones AA, Gordivska O, Prakash O, Liu Y, Laursen MG, Biasin E, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Németh Z, Sárosiné Szemes D, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Van Driel TB, Alonso‐Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Lemke HT, Sokaras D, Canton SE, Dohn AO, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Gaffney KJ, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Uhlig J. Hot Branching Dynamics in a Light‐Harvesting Iron Carbene Complex Revealed by Ultrafast X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Aidala C, Akiba Y, Alfred M, Andrieux V, Apadula N, Asano H, Azmoun B, Babintsev V, Bandara NS, Barish KN, Bathe S, Bazilevsky A, Beaumier M, Belmont R, Berdnikov A, Berdnikov Y, Blau DS, Bok JS, Brooks ML, Bryslawskyj J, Bumazhnov V, Campbell S, Canoa Roman V, Cervantes R, Chi CY, Chiu M, Choi IJ, Choi JB, Citron Z, Connors M, Cronin N, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Danley TW, Daugherity MS, David G, DeBlasio K, Dehmelt K, Denisov A, Deshpande A, Desmond EJ, Dion A, Dixit D, Do JH, Drees A, Drees KA, Durham JM, Durum A, Enokizono A, En'yo H, Esumi S, Fadem B, Fan W, Feege N, Fields DE, Finger M, Finger M, Fokin SL, Frantz JE, Franz A, Frawley AD, Fukuda Y, Gal C, Gallus P, Gamez EA, Garg P, Ge H, Giordano F, Goto Y, Grau N, Greene SV, Grosse Perdekamp M, Gunji T, Guragain H, Hachiya T, Haggerty JS, Hahn KI, Hamagaki H, Hamilton HF, Han SY, Hanks J, Hasegawa S, Haseler TOS, He X, Hemmick TK, Hill JC, Hill K, Hodges A, Hollis RS, Homma K, Hong B, Hoshino T, Hotvedt N, Huang J, Huang S, Imai K, Inaba M, Iordanova A, Isenhower D, Ishimaru S, Ivanishchev D, Jacak BV, Jezghani M, Ji Z, Jiang X, Johnson BM, Jouan D, Jumper DS, Kang JH, Kapukchyan D, Karthas S, Kawall D, Kazantsev AV, Khachatryan V, Khanzadeev A, Kim C, Kim EJ, Kim M, Kincses D, Kistenev E, Klatsky J, Kline P, Koblesky T, Kotov D, Kudo S, Kurgyis B, Kurita K, Kwon Y, Lajoie JG, Lebedev A, Lee S, Lee SH, Leitch MJ, Leung YH, Lewis NA, Li X, Lim SH, Liu MX, Loggins VR, Lökös S, Lovasz K, Lynch D, Majoros T, Makdisi YI, Makek M, Manko VI, Mannel E, McCumber M, McGaughey PL, McGlinchey D, McKinney C, Mendoza M, Metzger WJ, Mignerey AC, Milov A, Mishra DK, Mitchell JT, Mitrankov I, Mitsuka G, Miyasaka S, Mizuno S, Montuenga P, Moon T, Morrison DP, Morrow SI, Murakami T, Murata J, Nagai K, Nagashima K, Nagashima T, Nagle JL, Nagy MI, Nakagawa I, Nakano K, Nattrass C, Nelson S, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nouicer R, Novák T, Novitzky N, Nyanin AS, O'Brien E, Ogilvie CA, Orjuela Koop JD, Osborn JD, Oskarsson A, Ottino GJ, Ozawa K, Pantuev V, Papavassiliou V, Park JS, Park S, Pate SF, Patel M, Peng W, Perepelitsa DV, Perera GDN, Peressounko DY, PerezLara CE, Perry J, Petti R, Phipps M, Pinkenburg C, Pisani RP, Pun A, Purschke ML, Radzevich PV, Read KF, Reynolds D, Riabov V, Riabov Y, Richford D, Rinn T, Rolnick SD, Rosati M, Rowan Z, Runchey J, Safonov AS, Sakaguchi T, Sako H, Samsonov V, Sarsour M, Sato S, Scarlett CY, Schaefer B, Schmoll BK, Sedgwick K, Seidl R, Sen A, Seto R, Sexton A, Sharma D, Shein I, Shibata TA, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shioya T, Shukla P, Sickles A, Silva CL, Silvermyr D, Singh BK, Singh CP, Singh V, Skoby MJ, Slunečka M, Smith KL, Snowball M, Soltz RA, Sondheim WE, Sorensen SP, Sourikova IV, Stankus PW, Stoll SP, Sugitate T, Sukhanov A, Sumita T, Sun J, Sun Z, Suzuki S, Sziklai J, Tanida K, Tannenbaum MJ, Tarafdar S, Taranenko A, Tarnai G, Tieulent R, Timilsina A, Todoroki T, Tomášek M, Towell CL, Towell RS, Tserruya I, Ueda Y, Ujvari B, van Hecke HW, Velkovska J, Virius M, Vrba V, Vukman N, Wang XR, Wang Z, Watanabe YS, Wong CP, Woody CL, Xu C, Xu Q, Xue L, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi YL, Yamamoto H, Yanovich A, Yoo JH, Yoon I, Yu H, Yushmanov IE, Zajc WA, Zelenski A, Zhai Y, Zharko S, Zou L. Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:122001. [PMID: 31633981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p^{↑}+p, p^{↑}+Al, and p^{↑}+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4) over the range of transverse momentum (1.8<p_{T}<7.0 GeV/c) and Feynman x (0.1<x_{F}<0.2). We observed positive asymmetries for positively charged hadrons in p^{↑}+p collisions, and significantly reduced asymmetries in p^{↑}+A collisions. These results reveal a nuclear dependence of TSSAs for charged-hadron production in a regime where perturbative techniques are applicable. These results provide new opportunities to use p^{↑}+A collisions as a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisions and to use TSSAs as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aidala
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Akiba
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Alfred
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA
| | - V Andrieux
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - N Apadula
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - H Asano
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B Azmoun
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V Babintsev
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - N S Bandara
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - K N Barish
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Bathe
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Bazilevsky
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Beaumier
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - R Belmont
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
| | - A Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - D S Blau
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - J S Bok
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - M L Brooks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Bryslawskyj
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - V Bumazhnov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - S Campbell
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - V Canoa Roman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C Y Chi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - M Chiu
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - I J Choi
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J B Choi
- Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Z Citron
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M Connors
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N Cronin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - T Csörgő
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T W Danley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | | | - G David
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K DeBlasio
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - K Dehmelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Denisov
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - A Deshpande
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - E J Desmond
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Dion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Dixit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J H Do
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - A Drees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K A Drees
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Durum
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - A Enokizono
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H En'yo
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Esumi
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - B Fadem
- Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
| | - W Fan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - N Feege
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D E Fields
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Finger
- Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S L Fokin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - J E Frantz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A Franz
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A D Frawley
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Y Fukuda
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - C Gal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Gallus
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - E A Gamez
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - P Garg
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - H Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - F Giordano
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Y Goto
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - N Grau
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - S V Greene
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | - T Gunji
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Guragain
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - T Hachiya
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J S Haggerty
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K I Hahn
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H Hamagaki
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H F Hamilton
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - S Y Han
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Hanks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S Hasegawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - T O S Haseler
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - X He
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - T K Hemmick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J C Hill
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Hill
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Hodges
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - R S Hollis
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - K Homma
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Hong
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - T Hoshino
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N Hotvedt
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Huang
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Huang
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Inaba
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Iordanova
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - S Ishimaru
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - D Ivanishchev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
| | - B V Jacak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Jezghani
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Z Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Johnson
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - D Jouan
- IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
| | - D S Jumper
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Karthas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A V Kazantsev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - V Khachatryan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Khanzadeev
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
| | - C Kim
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - E-J Kim
- Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - M Kim
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - E Kistenev
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Klatsky
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Kline
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Koblesky
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Kotov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - S Kudo
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - B Kurgyis
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - K Kurita
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J G Lajoie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A Lebedev
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Lee
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M J Leitch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y H Leung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - N A Lewis
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Lim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - M X Liu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V-R Loggins
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Lökös
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
| | - K Lovasz
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - D Lynch
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Majoros
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Y I Makdisi
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Makek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V I Manko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - E Mannel
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M McCumber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P L McGaughey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D McGlinchey
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McKinney
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M Mendoza
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - W J Metzger
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
| | - A C Mignerey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Milov
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - D K Mishra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - J T Mitchell
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Iu Mitrankov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - G Mitsuka
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Miyasaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Mizuno
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - P Montuenga
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Moon
- Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - D P Morrison
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S I Morrow
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - T Murakami
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Murata
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K Nagai
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Nagashima
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Nagashima
- Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J L Nagle
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
| | - I Nakagawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Nakano
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - T Niida
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - R Nouicer
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Novák
- Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Novitzky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A S Nyanin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - E O'Brien
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C A Ogilvie
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | | | - J D Osborn
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A Oskarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - G J Ottino
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - K Ozawa
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Pantuev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - J S Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - S Park
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - M Patel
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - W Peng
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - D V Perepelitsa
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G D N Perera
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - D Yu Peressounko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - C E PerezLara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Perry
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Petti
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Phipps
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Pinkenburg
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - R P Pisani
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Pun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M L Purschke
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P V Radzevich
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Reynolds
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - V Riabov
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
| | - Y Riabov
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - D Richford
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - T Rinn
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S D Rolnick
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Rosati
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Z Rowan
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - J Runchey
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A S Safonov
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - T Sakaguchi
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - H Sako
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - V Samsonov
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
- PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
| | - M Sarsour
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - S Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
| | - C Y Scarlett
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - B Schaefer
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - B K Schmoll
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Sedgwick
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - R Seidl
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - A Sen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - R Seto
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A Sexton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - I Shein
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - T-A Shibata
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Shigaki
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Shimomura
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - T Shioya
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - P Shukla
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
| | - A Sickles
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C L Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Silvermyr
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - B K Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C P Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - M Slunečka
- Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K L Smith
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - M Snowball
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R A Soltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W E Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S P Sorensen
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - I V Sourikova
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P W Stankus
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S P Stoll
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Sugitate
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - T Sumita
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Z Sun
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - S Suzuki
- Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - J Sziklai
- Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - M J Tannenbaum
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S Tarafdar
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - G Tarnai
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - R Tieulent
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Univ Lyon, Universit Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Timilsina
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - T Todoroki
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Tomášek
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - C L Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - R S Towell
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
| | - I Tserruya
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Y Ueda
- Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - B Ujvari
- Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - H W van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Velkovska
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - M Virius
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V Vrba
- Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - N Vukman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - X R Wang
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Y S Watanabe
- Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C P Wong
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - C L Woody
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C Xu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Q Xu
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - L Xue
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - S Yalcin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Y L Yamaguchi
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Yanovich
- IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
| | - J H Yoo
- Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - I Yoon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - H Yu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - I E Yushmanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - W A Zajc
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
| | - A Zelenski
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Y Zhai
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Zharko
- Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
| | - L Zou
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Chatterjee R, Weninger C, Loukianov A, Gul S, Fuller FD, Cheah MH, Fransson T, Pham CC, Nelson S, Song S, Britz A, Messinger J, Bergmann U, Alonso-Mori R, Yachandra VK, Kern J, Yano J. XANES and EXAFS of dilute solutions of transition metals at XFELs. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1716-1724. [PMID: 31490163 PMCID: PMC6730626 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519007550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work has demonstrated that X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), both Mn XANES and EXAFS, of solutions with millimolar concentrations of metal is possible using the femtosecond X-ray pulses from XFELs. Mn XAS data were collected using two different sample delivery methods, a Rayleigh jet and a drop-on-demand setup, with varying concentrations of Mn. Here, a new method for normalization of XAS spectra based on solvent scattering that is compatible with data collection from a highly variable pulsed source is described. The measured XANES and EXAFS spectra of such dilute solution samples are in good agreement with data collected at synchrotron sources using traditional scanning protocols. The procedures described here will enable XFEL-based XAS on dilute biological samples, especially metalloproteins, with low sample consumption. Details of the experimental setup and data analysis methods used in this XANES and EXAFS study are presented. This method will also benefit XAS performed at high-repetition-rate XFELs such as the European XFEL, LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Anton Loukianov
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Franklin D. Fuller
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mun Hon Cheah
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, SE 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Fransson
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Cindy C. Pham
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Britz
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, SE 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institutionen för Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum, Umeå Universitet, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Britz A, Abraham B, Biasin E, van Driel TB, Gallo A, Garcia-Esparza AT, Glownia J, Loukianov A, Nelson S, Reinhard M, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R. Resolving structures of transition metal complex reaction intermediates with femtosecond EXAFS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 22:2660-2666. [PMID: 31441480 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond-resolved Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements of solvated transition metal complexes are successfully implemented at the X-ray Free Electron Laser LCLS. Benchmark experiments on [Fe(terpy)2]2+ in solution show a signal-to-noise ratio on the order of 500, comparable to typical 100 ps-resolution synchrotron measurements. In the few femtoseconds after photoexcitation, we observe the EXAFS fingerprints of a short-lived (∼100 fs) intermediate as well as those of a vibrationally hot long-lived (∼ns) excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Britz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. and Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Baxter Abraham
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Tim Brandt van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Angel T Garcia-Esparza
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - James Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Anton Loukianov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Marco Reinhard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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32
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Watson Brown T, Nelson S, Nelson T. Should nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be avoided following dermatological surgery? A critically appraised topic with a proposed approach to postoperative analgesia. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:134-136. [PMID: 31264727 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Watson Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant, CF72 8XR, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales
| | - S Nelson
- Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospitals Plymouth, Derriford, PL6 8DH, Devon, UK
| | - T Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Plymouth, Derriford, PL6 8DH, Devon, UK
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33
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Sun Y, Wang N, Song S, Sun P, Chollet M, Sato T, van Driel TB, Nelson S, Plumley R, Montana-Lopez J, Teitelbaum SW, Haber J, Hastings JB, Baron AQR, Sutton M, Fuoss PH, Robert A, Zhu D. Compact hard x-ray split-delay system based on variable-gap channel-cut crystals. Opt Lett 2019; 44:2582-2585. [PMID: 31090737 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the concept and a prototypical implementation of a compact x-ray split-delay system that is capable of performing continuous on-the-fly delay scans over a range of ∼10 ps with sub-100 nanoradian pointing stability. The system consists of four channel-cut silicon crystals, two of which have gradually varying gap sizes from intentional 5 deg asymmetric cuts. The delay adjustment is realized by linear motions of these two monolithic varying-gap channel cuts, where the x-ray beam experiences pairs of anti-parallel reflections, and thus becomes less sensitive in output beam pointing to motion imperfections of the translation stages. The beam splitting is accomplished by polished crystal edges. A high degree of mutual coherence between the two branches at the focus is observed by analyzing small-angle coherent x-ray scattering patterns. We envision a wide range of applications including single-shot x-ray pulse temporal diagnostics, studies of high-intensity x-ray-matter interactions, as well as measurement of dynamics in disordered material systems using split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
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Sato T, Glownia JM, Ware MR, Chollet M, Nelson S, Zhu D. A simple instrument to find spatiotemporal overlap of optical/X-ray light at free-electron lasers. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:647-652. [PMID: 31074427 PMCID: PMC6510204 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A compact and robust diagnostic to determine spatial and temporal overlap between X-ray free-electron laser and optical laser pulses was developed and evaluated using monochromatic X-rays from the Linac Coherent Light Source. It was used to determine temporal overlap with a resolution of ∼10 fs, despite the large pulse energy fluctuations of the monochromatic X-ray pulses, and covers a wide optical wavelength range from ultraviolet to near-infrared with a single configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94022, USA
| | - James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94022, USA
| | - Matthiew R. Ware
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94022, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94022, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94022, USA
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35
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Abraham B, Nowak S, Weninger C, Armenta R, Defever J, Day D, Carini G, Nakahara K, Gallo A, Nelson S, Nordlund D, Kroll T, Hunter MS, van Driel T, Zhu D, Weng TC, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D. A high-throughput energy-dispersive tender X-ray spectrometer for shot-to-shot sulfur measurements. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:629-634. [PMID: 31074425 PMCID: PMC6510194 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An X-ray emission spectrometer that can detect the sulfur Kα emission lines with large throughput and a high energy resolution is presented. The instrument is based on a large d-spacing perfect Bragg analyzer that diffracts the sulfur Kα emission at close to backscattering angles. This facilitates the application of efficient concepts routinely employed in hard X-ray spectrometers towards the tender X-ray regime. The instrument described in this work is based on an energy-dispersive von Hamos geometry that is well suited for photon-in photon-out spectroscopy at X-ray free-electron laser and synchrotron sources. Comparison of its performance with previously used instrumentation is presented through measurements using sulfur-containing species performed at the LCLS. It is shown that the overall signal intensity is increased by a factor of ∼15. Implementation of this approach in the design of a tender X-ray spectroscopy endstation for LCLS-II is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baxter Abraham
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stanislaw Nowak
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca Armenta
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jim Defever
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David Day
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Kazutaka Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tim van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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36
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Maly C, Cumsky H, Costello C, Montoya J, Schmidt J, DiCaudo D, Nelson S, Butterfield D, Zhang N, Smith M, Ochoa S, Baum C, Nagel T, Pittelkow M, Sekulic A, Mangold A. 121 Prognostic value of INPP5A expression in recurrent and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Kjær KS, Van Driel TB, Harlang TCB, Kunnus K, Biasin E, Ledbetter K, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Dohn AO, Pápai MI, Møller KB, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Jarenmark M, Uhlig J, Sundstöm V, Wärnmark K, Persson P, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Canton SE, Lemke HT, Gaffney KJ. Finding intersections between electronic excited state potential energy surfaces with simultaneous ultrafast X-ray scattering and spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5749-5760. [PMID: 31293761 PMCID: PMC6568243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined X-ray free-electron laser techniques pinpoints loci of intersections between potential energy surfaces of a photo-excited 3d transition-metal centered molecule.
Light-driven molecular reactions are dictated by the excited state potential energy landscape, depending critically on the location of conical intersections and intersystem crossing points between potential surfaces where non-adiabatic effects govern transition probabilities between distinct electronic states. While ultrafast studies have provided significant insight into electronic excited state reaction dynamics, experimental approaches for identifying and characterizing intersections and seams between electronic states remain highly system dependent. Here we show that for 3d transition metal systems simultaneously recorded X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy at sub-70 femtosecond time-resolution provide a solid experimental foundation for determining the mechanistic details of excited state reactions. In modeling the mechanistic information retrieved from such experiments, it becomes possible to identify the dominant trajectory followed during the excited state cascade and to determine the relevant loci of intersections between states. We illustrate our approach by explicitly mapping parts of the potential energy landscape dictating the light driven low-to-high spin-state transition (spin crossover) of [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+, where the strongly coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics have been a source of interest and controversy. We anticipate that simultaneous X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy will provide a valuable approach for mapping the reactive trajectories of light-triggered molecular systems involving 3d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kathryn Ledbetter
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Lin Li
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Mátyás I Pápai
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland.,Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin Jarenmark
- Department of Geology , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Villy Sundstöm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS , ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics ter 13 , Szeged 6720 , Hungary.,FS-ATTO , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestrasse 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA.,SwissFEL , Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI 5232 , Switzerland
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
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Abstract
Aim To examine the migration of nurses from Latin America to Spain over the period from 2006 to 2016. Background This study examines the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on migration flows of nurses to Spain from its major source countries of Latin America. Methods Using an exploratory case study, we present original data provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of the Government of Spain upon request on applications and success rates for credential recognition of nurses intending to immigrate to Spain, with an extended analysis of Latin American applications which account for the 70% of skilled worker migration to Spain. Results Successful applications for credential recognition of overseas nursing qualifications plummeted from a peak of 1384 in 2007 to 55 in 2016. Migration intentionality also decreased but has undergone a slight increase in recent years. Discussion/Conclusion We found that the economic crisis effectively closed the door to internationally educated nurses to work as nurses in Spain. Moreover, the denial of official recognition of nursing credentials appears to be unaffected by the existence of bilateral trade and mobility agreements between Spain and source countries. We conclude that the level of nursing migration to Spain is a sensitive indicator of domestic labour market conditions. Implications for health policy Despite the lack of any transparent policy on the credential approvals, in practice the government is limiting access to the nursing labour market by overseas education nurses. We urge that attention be paid by health human resource planners on the intersection between labour market and migration trends to support a transparent and data‐informed discussion by all stakeholders on the current state of the nursing labour market in Spain and its future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pastor-Bravo
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nursing, Universidad de Murcia, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Nelson
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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39
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Nelson S, Milgrom P, Albert JM, Selvaraj D, Cunha-Cruz J, Curtan S, Copeland T, Heima M, Rothen M, Beck G, Ferretti G, Riedy C. Randomized Trial Based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-regulation to Increase Child Dental Visits. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:323-332. [PMID: 30931720 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419830662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School screening and the note home (pinned to a backpack) informing parents/caregivers that their child needs to see a dentist have not been effective. OBJECTIVES The Family Access to a Dentist Study (FADS) evaluated the effectiveness of school interventions based on the common-sense model of self-regulation (CSM) among K-4 children needing restorative treatment. METHODS FADS was a multisite double-blind randomized controlled trial with 5 arms. FADS tested a CSM-driven referral letter and dental information guide (DIG) to move caregivers from inaccurate to accurate perceptions of dental caries. Six school districts from Ohio and Washington (14 schools) participated in school years 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017. A total of 611 caregivers were randomized, and 86% (n = 597 children) completed the exit examination. The primary outcome was receipt of care based on a change in oral health status determined clinically within 1 school year. RESULTS In accordance with our primary aims, 5 arms were collapsed into 3: CSM letter and reduced CSM letter (combined), CSM letter + DIG and reduced CSM letter + reduced DIG (combined), and standard letter. Among all sites, 39.7% received restorative care (237 of 597). Combined analysis of sites revealed that the CSM referral letter (with and without the DIG) did not increase dental visits when compared with the standard letter. However, for combined sites (East Cleveland, Ohio; Washington), the CSM + DIG increased dental visits when compared with standard letter in univariate analysis (51.3% vs. 40.9%), indicating 1.6-times increased odds of a dental visit (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.58) after imputation and adjustment for covariates. The CSM + DIG group had 1.9-times increased odds (95% CI, 1.21 to 3.08) of care when compared the CSM letter alone. CONCLUSION A CSM-driven approach to informing caregivers of the chronic nature of caries with resources in an illustrative manner can increase the benefit of school oral health screening (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02395120). KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT A school dental referral (note home) that tells a parent that the child has cavities has not been effective. In this trial, a referral based on the common-sense model of self-regulation increased follow-up care for children with restorative needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nelson
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J M Albert
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Selvaraj
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Cunha-Cruz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Curtan
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T Copeland
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Heima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Rothen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Beck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G Ferretti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Riedy
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Haldrup K, Levi G, Biasin E, Vester P, Laursen MG, Beyer F, Kjær KS, Brandt van Driel T, Harlang T, Dohn AO, Hartsock RJ, Nelson S, Glownia JM, Lemke HT, Christensen M, Gaffney KJ, Henriksen NE, Møller KB, Nielsen MM. Ultrafast X-Ray Scattering Measurements of Coherent Structural Dynamics on the Ground-State Potential Energy Surface of a Diplatinum Molecule. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:063001. [PMID: 30822093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report x-ray free electron laser experiments addressing ground-state structural dynamics of the diplatinum anion Pt_{2}POP_{4} following photoexcitation. The structural dynamics are tracked with <100 fs time resolution by x-ray scattering, utilizing the anisotropic component to suppress contributions from the bulk solvent. The x-ray data exhibit a strong oscillatory component with period 0.28 ps and decay time 2.2 ps, and structural analysis of the difference signal directly shows this as arising from ground-state dynamics along the PtPt coordinate. These results are compared with multiscale Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations and demonstrate how off-resonance excitation can be used to prepare a vibrationally cold excited-state population complemented by a structure-dependent depletion of the ground-state population which subsequently evolves in time, allowing direct tracking of ground-state structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Haldrup
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Peter Vester
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Goldschmidt Laursen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Beyer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Skov Kjær
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Brandt van Driel
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tobias Harlang
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Robert J Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Morten Christensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rose
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Limited Term Professor in Critical Care, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto
| | - J. J. Presneill
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital and Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne
| | - L. Johnston
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast
| | - S. Nelson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto
| | - J. F. Cade
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital
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Chauhan A, Lalor T, Watson S, Adams D, Farrah TE, Anand A, Kimmitt R, Mills NL, Webb DJ, Dhaun N, Kalla R, Adams A, Vatn S, Bonfliglio F, Nimmo E, Kennedy N, Ventham N, Vatn M, Ricanek P, Halfvarson J, Soderhollm J, Pierik M, Torkvist L, Gomollon F, Gut I, Jahnsen J, Satsangi J, Body R, Almashali M, McDowell G, Taylor P, Lacey A, Rees A, Dayan C, Lazarus J, Nelson S, Okosieme O, Corcoran D, Young R, Ciadella P, McCartney P, Bajrangee A, Hennigan B, Collison D, Carrick D, Shaukat A, Good R, Watkins S, McEntegart M, Watt J, Welsh P, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Oldroyd K, Berry C, Parks T, Auckland K, Mentzer AJ, Kado J, Mirabel MM, Kauwe JK, Robson KJ, Mittal B, Steer AC, Hill AVS, Akbar M, Forrester M, Virlan AT, Gilmour A, Wallace C, Paterson C, Reid D, Siebert S, Porter D, Liversidge J, McInnes I, Goodyear C, Athwal V, Pritchett J, Zaitoun A, Irving W, Guha IN, Hanley NA, Hanley KP, Briggs T, Reynolds J, Rice G, Bondet V, Bruce E, Crow Y, Duffy D, Parker B, Bruce I, Martin K, Pritchett J, Aoibheann Mullan M, Llewellyn J, Athwal V, Zeef L, Farrow S, Streuli C, Henderson N, Friedman S, Hanley N, Hanley KP. Scientific Business Abstracts of the 112th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. QJM 2018; 111:920-924. [PMID: 31222346 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Lalor
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - S Watson
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - D Adams
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - T E Farrah
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - A Anand
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kimmitt
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N L Mills
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - D J Webb
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N Dhaun
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kalla
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - A Adams
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - S Vatn
- Akerhshus University Hospital
| | | | - E Nimmo
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Body
- From the University of Manchester
| | - M Almashali
- Manchester University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - A Rees
- From the Cardiff University
| | | | | | | | | | - D Corcoran
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - R Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - P Ciadella
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P McCartney
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A Bajrangee
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - B Hennigan
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Collison
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - A Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - R Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - S Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - M McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - J Watt
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P Welsh
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - N Sattar
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - K Oldroyd
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - C Berry
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - T Parks
- From the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- University of Oxford
| | | | | | - J Kado
- Fiji Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services
| | - M M Mirabel
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
| | | | | | - B Mittal
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - A C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | | | - M Akbar
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - M Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - A T Virlan
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - A Gilmour
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Wallace
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - C Paterson
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Reid
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - S Siebert
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Porter
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - J Liversidge
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - I McInnes
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Goodyear
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - V Athwal
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | - N A Hanley
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | - T Briggs
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - J Reynolds
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - G Rice
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - V Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - E Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - Y Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine
| | - D Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - B Parker
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - I Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - K Martin
- From the University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | - V Athwal
- From the University of Manchester
| | - L Zeef
- From the University of Manchester
| | - S Farrow
- From the University of Manchester
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline
| | | | | | | | - N Hanley
- From the University of Manchester
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Tran Mau-Them F, Guibaud L, Duplomb L, Keren B, Lindstrom K, Marey I, Mochel F, van den Boogaard MJ, Oegema R, Nava C, Masurel A, Jouan T, Jansen FE, Au M, Chen AH, Cho M, Duffourd Y, Lozier E, Konovalov F, Sharkov A, Korostelev S, Urteaga B, Dickson P, Vera M, Martínez-Agosto JA, Begemann A, Zweier M, Schmitt-Mechelke T, Rauch A, Philippe C, van Gassen K, Nelson S, Graham JM, Friedman J, Faivre L, Lin HJ, Thauvin-Robinet C, Vitobello A. De novo truncating variants in the intronless IRF2BPL are responsible for developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Genet Med 2018; 21:1008-1014. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zhang X, Turcheniuk K, Zusmann B, Benson J, Nelson S, Luo S, Magasinski A, Yushin G. Synthesis of copper oxide nanowires and nanoporous copper via environmentally friendly transformation of bulk copper-calcium alloys. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5446-5449. [PMID: 29745404 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel, one-step, inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthesis of Cu nanostructures by means of chemical de-alloying of bulk Cu-Ca alloys in aqueous solutions. By controlling the synthesis conditions, we tune the morphology of the nanostructured Cu from nanoporous Cu to copper oxide nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Perakis F, Camisasca G, Lane TJ, Späh A, Wikfeldt KT, Sellberg JA, Lehmkühler F, Pathak H, Kim KH, Amann-Winkel K, Schreck S, Song S, Sato T, Sikorski M, Eilert A, McQueen T, Ogasawara H, Nordlund D, Roseker W, Koralek J, Nelson S, Hart P, Alonso-Mori R, Feng Y, Zhu D, Robert A, Grübel G, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Coherent X-rays reveal the influence of cage effects on ultrafast water dynamics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1917. [PMID: 29765052 PMCID: PMC5953967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of liquid water feature a variety of time scales, ranging from extremely fast ballistic-like thermal motion, to slower molecular diffusion and hydrogen-bond rearrangements. Here, we utilize coherent X-ray pulses to investigate the sub-100 fs equilibrium dynamics of water from ambient conditions down to supercooled temperatures. This novel approach utilizes the inherent capability of X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy to measure equilibrium intermolecular dynamics with lengthscale selectivity, by measuring oxygen motion in momentum space. The observed decay of the speckle contrast at the first diffraction peak, which reflects tetrahedral coordination, is attributed to motion on a molecular scale within the first 120 fs. Through comparison with molecular dynamics simulations, we conclude that the slowing down upon cooling from 328 K down to 253 K is not due to simple thermal ballistic-like motion, but that cage effects play an important role even on timescales over 25 fs due to hydrogen-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Gaia Camisasca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjartan Thor Wikfeldt
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanghoon Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andre Eilert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Trevor McQueen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jake Koralek
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Philip Hart
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yiping Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Schmidt J, Stein C, Poorman K, Lehman J, Mangold A, Costello C, Nelson S, DiCaudo D, Sharma A, Cappel M, Sekar S, Tassone E, Adkins J, Drenner K, Liang W, Sekulic A. 1000 Molecular mapping of necrobiosis lipoidica for identification of disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Severson K, Xie D, Cha S, Liang H, Nelson S, Sekulic A, Pittelkow M, Mangold A. 338 Necrobiosis lipoidica comorbidities and complications. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Severson K, Liang H, Nelson S, Xie D, Cha S, Sekulic A, Pittelkow M, Mangold A. 1036 Necrobiosis lipoidica histopathology & inflammatory composition. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Warners MJ, Ambarus CA, Bredenoord AJ, Verheij J, Lauwers GY, Walsh JC, Katzka DA, Nelson S, van Viegen T, Furuta GT, Gupta SK, Stitt L, Zou G, Parker CE, Shackelton LM, D Haens GR, Sandborn WJ, Dellon ES, Feagan BG, Collins MH, Jairath V, Pai RK. Reliability of histologic assessment in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:940-950. [PMID: 29460418 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of the eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) histologic scoring system (EoEHSS) has been demonstrated, but only preliminary reliability data exist. AIM Formally assess the reliability of the EoEHSS and additional histologic features. METHODS Four expert gastrointestinal pathologists independently reviewed slides from adult patients with EoE (N = 45) twice, in random order, using standardised training materials and scoring conventions for the EoEHSS and additional histologic features agreed upon during a modified Delphi process. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for scoring the EoEHSS, a visual analogue scale (VAS) of overall histopathologic disease severity, and additional histologic features were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS Almost perfect intra-rater reliability was observed for the composite EoEHSS scores and the VAS. Inter-rater reliability was also almost perfect for the composite EoEHSS scores and substantial for the VAS. Of the EoEHSS items, eosinophilic inflammation was associated with the highest ICC estimates and consistent with almost perfect intra- and inter-rater reliability. With the exception of dyskeratotic epithelial cells and surface epithelial alteration, ICC estimates for the remaining EoEHSS items were above the benchmarks for substantial intra-rater, and moderate inter-rater reliability. Estimation of peak eosinophil count and number of lamina propria eosinophils were associated with the highest ICC estimates among the exploratory items. CONCLUSION The composite EoEHSS and most component items are associated with substantial reliability when assessed by central pathologists. Future studies should assess responsiveness of the score to change after a therapeutic intervention to facilitate its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,London, ON, Canada
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Nelson S, Logan D. The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in school-related impairment in youth with chronic pain. The Journal of Pain 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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