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Hui ST, Gong L, Swichkow C, Blencowe M, Kaminska D, Diamante G, Pan C, Dalsania M, French SW, Magyar CE, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, Boström KI, Yang X, Lusis AJ. Role of Matrix Gla Protein in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:943-960. [PMID: 37611662 PMCID: PMC10632746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental factors in its onset and progression. We analyzed NASH phenotypes in a genetically diverse cohort of mice, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, to identify genes contributing to disease susceptibility. METHODS A "systems genetics" approach, involving integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data, was used to identify candidate genes and pathways in a mouse model of NASH. The causal role of Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) was validated using heterozygous MGP knockout (Mgp+/-) mice. The mechanistic role of MGP in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling was examined in the LX-2 stellate cell line by using a loss of function approach. RESULTS Local cis-acting regulation of MGP was correlated with fibrosis, suggesting a causal role in NASH, and this was validated using loss of function experiments in 2 models of diet-induced NASH. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, Mgp was found to be primarily expressed in hepatic stellate cells and dendritic cells in mice. Knockdown of MGP expression in stellate LX-2 cells led to a blunted response to TGF-β stimulation. This was associated with reduced regulatory SMAD phosphorylation and TGF-β receptor ALK1 expression as well as increased expression of inhibitory SMAD6. Hepatic MGP expression was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of fibrosis in livers of patients with NASH, suggesting relevance to human disease. CONCLUSIONS MGP regulates liver fibrosis and TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells and contributes to NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Lili Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chantle Swichkow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meet Dalsania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Moore TM, Terrazas A, Strumwasser AR, Lin AJ, Zhu X, Anand ATS, Nguyen CQ, Stiles L, Norheim F, Lang JM, Hui ST, Turcotte LP, Zhou Z. Effect of voluntary exercise upon the metabolic syndrome and gut microbiome composition in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15068. [PMID: 34755487 PMCID: PMC8578881 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase an individual's risk of developing diseases. Being physically active throughout life is known to reduce the prevalence and onset of some aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that an individual's gut microbiome composition has a large influence on several aspects of the metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism(s) by which physical activity may improve metabolic health are not well understood. We sought to determine if endurance exercise is sufficient to prevent or ameliorate the development of the metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. We also analyzed the impact of physical activity under metabolic syndrome progression upon the gut microbiome composition. Utilizing whole-body low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice on a "Western Diet," we show that long-term exercise acts favorably upon glucose tolerance, adiposity, and liver lipids. Exercise increased mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle but did not reduce liver fibrosis, aortic lesion area, or plasma lipids. Lastly, we observed several changes in gut bacteria and their novel associations with metabolic parameters of clinical importance. Altogether, our results indicate that exercise can ameliorate some aspects of the metabolic syndrome progression and alter the gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Terrazas
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of Pediatrics UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China
| | - Akshay T. S. Anand
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of NutritionFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jennifer M. Lang
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simon T. Hui
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological SciencesDana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Hui ST, Wang F, Stappenbeck F, French SW, Magyar CE, Parhami F, Lusis AJ. Oxy210, a novel inhibitor of hedgehog and TGF-β signalling, ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia in mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00296. [PMID: 34505423 PMCID: PMC8502222 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased overall morbidity and mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Liver fibrosis is the strongest prognostic factor for clinical outcomes, liver-related mortality and liver transplantation. Currently, no single therapy or medication for NASH has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Oxy210, an oxysterol derivative, displays the unique property of antagonizing both Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). We hypothesized that inhibition of both Hh and TGF-β signalling by Oxy210 could reduce hepatic fibrosis in NASH. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of Oxy210 on NASH in vivo. METHODS We examined the effect of Oxy210 treatment on Hh and TGF-β pathways in HSC. The efficacy of Oxy210 on liver fibrosis was tested in a 'humanized' hyperlipidemic mouse model of NASH that has high relevance to human pathology. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that Oxy210 inhibits both Hh and TGF-β pathways in human HSC and attenuates baseline and TGF-β-induced expression of pro-fibrotic genes in vitro. Oral delivery of Oxy210 in food resulted in significant liver exposure and significantly reduced hepatic fibrosis in mice over the course of the 16-week study with no apparent safety issues. Additionally, we observed several benefits related to NASH phenotype: (a) reduced plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine and the corresponding hepatic gene expression; (b) reduced pro-fibrotic cytokine and inflammasome gene expression in the liver; (c) reduced apoptosis in the liver; (d) reduced hepatic unesterified cholesterol accumulation; and (e) reduced plasma total and unesterified cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Oxy210 effectively ameliorated hepatic fibrosis and inflammation and improved hypercholesterolemia in mice. Our findings suggest that Oxy210 and related analogues are a new class of drug candidates that may serve as potential therapeutics candidates for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- MAX BioPharma, Inc, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | | | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Norheim F, Chella Krishnan K, Bjellaas T, Vergnes L, Pan C, Parks BW, Meng Y, Lang J, Ward JA, Reue K, Mehrabian M, Gundersen TE, Péterfy M, Dalen KT, Drevon CA, Hui ST, Lusis AJ, Seldin MM. Genetic regulation of liver lipids in a mouse model of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9684. [PMID: 33417276 PMCID: PMC7792507 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the contributions of specific lipid species to metabolic traits, we integrated global hepatic lipid data with other omics measures and genetic data from a cohort of about 100 diverse inbred strains of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Association mapping, correlation, structure analyses, and network modeling revealed pathways and genes underlying these interactions. In particular, our studies lead to the identification of Ifi203 and Map2k6 as regulators of hepatic phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and triacylglycerol accumulation, respectively. Our analyses highlight mechanisms for how genetic variation in hepatic lipidome can be linked to physiological and molecular phenotypes, such as microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Lang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - James A Ward
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Miklós Péterfy
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Depatrment of Basic Medical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA
| | - Knut T Dalen
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Vitas ASOsloNorway
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and MetabolismUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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5
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Tuominen I, Fuqua BK, Pan C, Renaud N, Wroblewski K, Civelek M, Clerkin K, Asaryan A, Haroutunian SG, Loureiro J, Borawski J, Roma G, Knehr J, Carbone W, French S, Parks BW, Hui ST, Mehrabian M, Magyar C, Cantor RM, Ukomadu C, Lusis AJ, Beaven SW. The Genetic Architecture of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:199-220. [PMID: 32866618 PMCID: PMC7674618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is a multifactorial trait that develops in response to chronic liver injury. Our aim was to characterize the genetic architecture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis using the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, a panel of more than 100 genetically distinct mouse strains optimized for genome-wide association studies and systems genetics. METHODS Chronic liver injury was induced by CCl4 injections twice weekly for 6 weeks. Four hundred thirty-seven mice received CCl4 and 256 received vehicle, after which animals were euthanized for liver histology and gene expression. Using automated digital image analysis, we quantified fibrosis as the collagen proportionate area of the whole section, excluding normal collagen. RESULTS We discovered broad variation in fibrosis among the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel strains, demonstrating a significant genetic influence. Genome-wide association analyses revealed significant and suggestive loci underlying susceptibility to fibrosis, some of which overlapped with loci identified in mouse crosses and human population studies. Liver global gene expression was assessed by RNA sequencing across the strains, and candidate genes were identified using differential expression and expression quantitative trait locus analyses. Gene set enrichment analyses identified the underlying pathways, of which stellate cell involvement was prominent, and coexpression network modeling identified modules associated with fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a rich resource for the design of experiments to understand mechanisms underlying fibrosis and for rational strain selection when testing antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Tuominen
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicole Renaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mete Civelek
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kara Clerkin
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashot Asaryan
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara G Haroutunian
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Borawski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Samuel French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian W Parks
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon T Hui
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chinweike Ukomadu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Simon W Beaven
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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León-Mimila P, Villamil-Ramírez H, Li XS, Shih DM, Hui ST, Ocampo-Medina E, López-Contreras B, Morán-Ramos S, Olivares-Arevalo M, Grandini-Rosales P, Macías-Kauffer L, González-González I, Hernández-Pando R, Gómez-Pérez F, Campos-Pérez F, Aguilar-Salinas C, Larrieta-Carrasco E, Villarreal-Molina T, Wang Z, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL, Huertas-Vazquez A, Canizales-Quinteros S. Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2020; 47:101183. [PMID: 32791310 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline and betaine serum levels have been associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These associations could be mediated by insulin resistance. However, the relationships among these metabolites, insulin resistance and NAFLD have not been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, it has recently been suggested that TMAO could play a role in NAFLD by altering bile acid metabolism. We examined the association between circulating TMAO, choline and betaine levels and NAFLD in obese subjects. METHODS Serum TMAO, choline, betaine and bile acid levels were measured in 357 Mexican obese patients with different grades of NAFLD as determined by liver histology. Associations of NAFLD with TMAO, choline and betaine levels were tested. Moreover, association of TMAO levels with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was tested separately in patients with and without T2D. RESULTS TMAO and choline levels were significantly associated with NAFLD histologic features and NASH risk. While increased serum TMAO levels were significantly associated with NASH in patients with T2D, in non-T2D subjects this association lost significance after adjusting for sex, BMI and HOMA2-IR. Moreover, circulating secondary bile acids were associated both with increased TMAO levels and NASH. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients, circulating TMAO levels were associated with NASH mainly in the presence of T2D. Functional studies are required to evaluate the role of insulin resistance and T2D in this association, both highly prevalent in NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P León-Mimila
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - X S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D M Shih
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E Ocampo-Medina
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B López-Contreras
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico; Cátedras, CONACyT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Olivares-Arevalo
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P Grandini-Rosales
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I González-González
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital General Dr. Rubén Lénero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Gómez-Pérez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Campos-Pérez
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital General Dr. Rubén Lénero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | | | - T Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Huertas-Vazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - S Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Norheim F, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Vergnes L, Chella Krishnan K, Pan C, Seldin MM, Hui ST, Mehrabian M, Zhou Z, Gupta S, Parks BW, Walch A, Reue K, Hofmann SM, Arnold AP, Lusis AJ. Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits. Cell Metab 2019; 29:932-949.e4. [PMID: 30639359 PMCID: PMC6447452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied sex differences in over 50 cardio-metabolic traits in a panel of 100 diverse inbred strains of mice. The results clearly showed that the effects of sex on both clinical phenotypes and gene expression depend on the genetic background. In support of this, genetic loci associated with the traits frequently showed sex specificity. For example, Lyplal1, a gene implicated in human obesity, was shown to underlie a sex-specific locus for diet-induced obesity. Global gene expression analyses of tissues across the panel implicated adipose tissue "beiging" and mitochondrial functions in the sex differences. Isolated mitochondria showed gene-by-sex interactions in oxidative functions, such that some strains (C57BL/6J) showed similar function between sexes, whereas others (DBA/2J and A/J) showed increased function in females. Reduced adipose mitochondrial function in males as compared to females was associated with increased susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance. Gonadectomy studies indicated that gonadal hormones acting in a tissue-specific manner were responsible in part for the sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yehudit Hasin-Brumshtein
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonul Gupta
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, München 80336, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Hui ST, Kurt Z, Tuominen I, Norheim F, C.Davis R, Pan C, Dirks DL, Magyar CE, French SW, Chella Krishnan K, Sabir S, Campos‐Pérez F, Méndez‐Sánchez N, Macías‐Kauffer L, León‐Mimila P, Canizales‐Quinteros S, Yang X, Beaven SW, Huertas‐Vazquez A, Lusis AJ. The Genetic Architecture of Diet-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:2182-2196. [PMID: 29907965 PMCID: PMC6269199 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the genetic analysis of a "humanized" hyperlipidemic mouse model for progressive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Mice carrying transgenes for human apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and fed a "Western" diet were studied on the genetic backgrounds of over 100 inbred mouse strains. The mice developed hepatic inflammation and fibrosis that was highly dependent on genetic background, with vast differences in the degree of fibrosis. Histological analysis showed features characteristic of human NASH, including macrovesicular steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammatory foci, and pericellular collagen deposition. Time course experiments indicated that while hepatic triglyceride levels increased steadily on the diet, hepatic fibrosis occurred at about 12 weeks. We found that the genetic variation predisposing to NASH and fibrosis differs markedly from that predisposing to simple steatosis, consistent with a multistep model in which distinct genetic factors are involved. Moreover, genome-wide association identified distinct genetic loci contributing to steatosis and NASH. Finally, we used hepatic expression data from the mouse panel and from 68 bariatric surgery patients with normal liver, steatosis, or NASH to identify enriched biological pathways. Conclusion: The pathways showed substantial overlap between our mouse model and the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T. Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Iina Tuominen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases & Pfleger Liver Institute and Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health (COMET)David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Richard C.Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Darwin L. Dirks
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Clara E. Magyar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Samuel W. French
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | | | - Simon Sabir
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Francisco Campos‐Pérez
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades MetabólicasHospital General Dr. Rubén LéneroMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Luis Macías‐Kauffer
- Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN)Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la SaludMexico CityMexico
| | - Paola León‐Mimila
- Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN)Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la SaludMexico CityMexico
| | - Samuel Canizales‐Quinteros
- Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN)Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la SaludMexico CityMexico
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Simon W. Beaven
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases & Pfleger Liver Institute and Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health (COMET)David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | | | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
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9
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Kurt Z, Barrere-Cain R, LaGuardia J, Mehrabian M, Pan C, Hui ST, Norheim F, Zhou Z, Hasin Y, Lusis AJ, Yang X. Tissue-specific pathways and networks underlying sexual dimorphism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 30343673 PMCID: PMC6196429 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses benign steatosis and more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This chronic liver disease has a poorly understood etiology and demonstrates sexual dimorphisms. We aim to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphisms in NAFLD pathogenesis through a comprehensive multi-omics study. We integrated genomics (DNA variations), transcriptomics of liver and adipose tissue, and phenotypic data of NAFLD derived from female mice of ~ 100 strains included in the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) and compared the NAFLD molecular pathways and gene networks between sexes. RESULTS We identified both shared and sex-specific biological processes for NAFLD. Adaptive immunity, branched chain amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle/apoptosis were shared between sexes. Among the sex-specific pathways were vitamins and cofactors metabolism and ion channel transport for females, and phospholipid, lysophospholipid, and phosphatidylinositol metabolism and insulin signaling for males. Additionally, numerous lipid and insulin-related pathways and inflammatory processes in the adipose and liver tissue appeared to show more prominent association with NAFLD in male HMDP. Using data-driven network modeling, we identified plausible sex-specific and tissue-specific regulatory genes as well as those that are shared between sexes. These key regulators orchestrate the NAFLD pathways in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. Gonadectomy experiments support that sex hormones may partially underlie the sexually dimorphic genes and pathways involved in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics integrative study reveals sex- and tissue-specific genes, processes, and networks underlying sexual dimorphism in NAFLD and may facilitate sex-specific precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jonnby LaGuardia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yehudit Hasin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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Norheim F, Bjellaas T, Hui ST, Chella Krishnan K, Lee J, Gupta S, Pan C, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Parks BW, Li DY, Bui HH, Mosier M, Wu Y, Huertas-Vazquez A, Hazen SL, Gundersen TE, Mehrabian M, Tang WHW, Hevener AL, Drevon CA, Lusis AJ. Genetic, dietary, and sex-specific regulation of hepatic ceramides and the relationship between hepatic ceramides and IR. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1164-1174. [PMID: 29739864 PMCID: PMC6027922 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated hepatic ceramide levels have been implicated in both insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis. To understand the factors contributing to hepatic ceramide levels in mice of both sexes, we have quantitated ceramides in a reference population of mice, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel that has been previously characterized for a variety of metabolic syndrome traits. We observed significant positive correlations between Cer(d18:1/16:0) and IR/hepatic steatosis, consistent with previous findings, although the relationship broke down between sexes, as females were less insulin resistant, but had higher Cer(d18:1/16:0) levels than males. The sex difference was due in part to testosterone-mediated repression of ceramide synthase 6. One ceramide species, Cer(d18:1/20:0), was present at higher levels in males and was associated with IR only in males. Clear evidence of gene-by-sex and gene-by-diet interactions was observed, including sex-specific genome-wide association study results. Thus, our studies show clear differences in how hepatic ceramides are regulated between the sexes, which again suggests that the physiological roles of certain hepatic ceramides differ between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Simon T Hui
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jakleen Lee
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sonul Gupta
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel Y Li
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hai H Bui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland OH
| | | | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christian A Drevon
- VITAS Analytical Services, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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McLachlan S, Page KE, Lee SM, Loguinov A, Valore E, Hui ST, Jung G, Zhou J, Lusis AJ, Fuqua B, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Vulpe CD. Hamp1 mRNA and plasma hepcidin levels are influenced by sex and strain but do not predict tissue iron levels in inbred mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G511-G523. [PMID: 28798083 PMCID: PMC5792216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00307.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is tightly regulated, and the peptide hormone hepcidin is considered to be a principal regulator of iron metabolism. Previous studies in a limited number of mouse strains found equivocal sex- and strain-dependent differences in mRNA and serum levels of hepcidin and reported conflicting data on the relationship between hepcidin (Hamp1) mRNA levels and iron status. Our aim was to clarify the relationships between strain, sex, and hepcidin expression by examining multiple tissues and the effects of different dietary conditions in multiple inbred strains. Two studies were done: first, Hamp1 mRNA, liver iron, and plasma diferric transferrin levels were measured in 14 inbred strains on a control diet; and second, Hamp1 mRNA and plasma hepcidin levels in both sexes and iron levels in the heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and spleen in males were measured in nine inbred/recombinant inbred strains raised on an iron-sufficient or high-iron diet. Both sex and strain have a significant effect on both hepcidin mRNA (primarily a sex effect) and plasma hepcidin levels (primarily a strain effect). However, liver iron and diferric transferrin levels are not predictors of Hamp1 mRNA levels in mice fed iron-sufficient or high-iron diets, nor are the Hamp1 mRNA and plasma hepcidin levels good predictors of tissue iron levels, at least in males. We also measured plasma erythroferrone, performed RNA-sequencing analysis of liver samples from six inbred strains fed the iron-sufficient, low-iron, or high-iron diets, and explored differences in gene expression between the strains with the highest and lowest hepcidin levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both sex and strain have a significant effect on both hepcidin mRNA (primarily a sex effect) and plasma hepcidin levels (primarily a strain effect). Liver iron and diferric transferrin levels are not predictors of Hamp1 mRNA levels in mice, nor are the Hamp1 mRNA and plasma hepcidin levels good predictors of tissue iron levels, at least in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
| | - Kathryn E. Page
- 2Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California;
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea;
| | - Alex Loguinov
- 5Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erika Valore
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Simon T. Hui
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Grace Jung
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jie Zhou
- 5Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Brie Fuqua
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Tomas Ganz
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- 4Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- 2Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California; ,5Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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12
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Norheim F, Hui ST, Kulahcioglu E, Mehrabian M, Cantor RM, Pan C, Parks BW, Lusis AJ. Genetic and hormonal control of hepatic steatosis in female and male mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:178-187. [PMID: 27811231 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is complex and influenced by factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and sex. We now report a study on sex difference in hepatic steatosis in the context of genetic variation using a population of inbred strains of mice. While male mice generally exhibited higher concentration of hepatic TG levels on a high-fat high-sucrose diet, sex differences showed extensive interaction with genetic variation. Differences in percentage body fat were the best predictor of hepatic steatosis among the strains and explained about 30% of the variation in both sexes. The difference in percent gonadal fat and HDL explained 9.6% and 6.7% of the difference in hepatic TGs between the sexes, respectively. Genome-wide association mapping of hepatic TG revealed some striking differences in genetic control of hepatic steatosis between females and males. Gonadectomy increased the hepatic TG to body fat percentage ratio among male, but not female, mice. Our data suggest that the difference between the sexes in hepatic TG can be partly explained by differences in body fat distribution, plasma HDL, and genetic regulation. Future studies are required to understand the molecular interactions between sex, genetics, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Emre Kulahcioglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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13
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Hui ST, Parks BW, Org E, Norheim F, Che N, Pan C, Castellani LW, Charugundla S, Dirks DL, Psychogios N, Neuhaus I, Gerszten RE, Kirchgessner T, Gargalovic PS, Lusis AJ. The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice. eLife 2015; 4:e05607. [PMID: 26067236 PMCID: PMC4493743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we examined liver steatosis and related clinical and molecular traits in more than 100 unique inbred mouse strains, which were fed a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates. A >30-fold variation in hepatic TG accumulation was observed among the strains. Genome-wide association studies revealed three loci associated with hepatic TG accumulation. Utilizing transcriptomic data from the liver and adipose tissue, we identified several high-confidence candidate genes for hepatic steatosis, including Gde1, a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase not previously implicated in triglyceride metabolism. We confirmed the role of Gde1 by in vivo hepatic over-expression and shRNA knockdown studies. We hypothesize that Gde1 expression increases TG production by contributing to the production of glycerol-3-phosphate. Our multi-level data, including transcript levels, metabolite levels, and gut microbiota composition, provide a framework for understanding genetic and environmental interactions underlying hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Elin Org
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lawrence W Castellani
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Darwin L Dirks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nikolaos Psychogios
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Isaac Neuhaus
- Department of Computational Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Todd Kirchgessner
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Peter S Gargalovic
- Department of Computational Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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14
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Byon CH, Han T, Wu J, Hui ST. Txnip ablation reduces vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation and ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:313-21. [PMID: 26062991 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is intimately linked to atherosclerosis and other vascular inflammatory disease. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) is a key regulator of cellular sulfhydryl redox and a mediator of inflammasome activation. The goals of the present study were to examine the impact of Txnip ablation on inflammatory response to oxidative stress in VSMC and to determine the effect of Txnip ablation on atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cultured VSMC, we showed that ablation of Txnip reduced cellular oxidative stress and increased protection from oxidative stress when challenged with oxidized phospholipids and hydrogen peroxide. Correspondingly, expression of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules were diminished in both VSMC and macrophages from Txnip knockout mice. The blunted inflammatory response was associated with a decrease in NF-ĸB nuclear translocation. Loss of Txnip in VSMC also led to a dramatic reduction in macrophage adhesion to VSMC. In vivo data from Txnip-ApoE double knockout mice showed that Txnip ablation led to 49% reduction in atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic root and 71% reduction in the abdominal aorta, compared to control ApoE knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our data show that Txnip plays an important role in oxidative inflammatory response and atherosclerotic lesion development in mice. The atheroprotective effect of Txnip ablation implicates that modulation of Txnip expression may serve as a potential target for intervention of atherosclerosis and inflammatory vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Byon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tieyan Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Judy Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Parks BW, Sallam T, Mehrabian M, Psychogios N, Hui ST, Norheim F, Castellani LW, Rau CD, Pan C, Phun J, Zhou Z, Yang WP, Neuhaus I, Gargalovic PS, Kirchgessner TG, Graham M, Lee R, Tontonoz P, Gerszten RE, Hevener AL, Lusis AJ. Genetic architecture of insulin resistance in the mouse. Cell Metab 2015. [PMID: 25651185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.002.genetic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex trait with multiple genetic and environmental components. Confounded by large differences between the sexes, environment, and disease pathology, the genetic basis of IR has been difficult to dissect. Here we examine IR and related traits in a diverse population of more than 100 unique male and female inbred mouse strains after feeding a diet rich in fat and refined carbohydrates. Our results show dramatic variation in IR among strains of mice and widespread differences between sexes that are dependent on genotype. We uncover more than 15 genome-wide significant loci and validate a gene, Agpat5, associated with IR. We also integrate plasma metabolite levels and global gene expression from liver and adipose tissue to identify metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL) and expression QTL (eQTL), respectively. Our results provide a resource for analysis of interactions between diet, sex, and genetic background in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Parks
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nikolas Psychogios
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lawrence W Castellani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christoph D Rau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Phun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wen-Pin Yang
- Department of Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Isaac Neuhaus
- Department of Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Peter S Gargalovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Todd G Kirchgessner
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Mark Graham
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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16
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Gasiorek JJ, Mikhael M, Garcia-Santos D, Hui ST, Ponka P, Blank V. Thioredoxin-interacting protein regulates the differentiation of murine erythroid precursors. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:393-403.e2. [PMID: 25600403 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is involved in various cellular processes including redox control, metabolism, differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. With respect to hematopoiesis, TXNIP has been shown to play roles in natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Our study investigates the role of TXNIP in erythropoiesis. We observed a rapid and significant increase of TXNIP transcript and protein levels in mouse erythroleukemia cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or hexamethylene bisacetamide, inducers of erythroid differentiation. The upregulation of TXNIP was not abrogated by addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The increase of TXNIP expression was confirmed in another model of erythroid differentiation, G1E-ER cells, which undergo differentiation upon activation of the GATA1 transcription factor. In addition, we showed that TXNIP levels are induced following inhibition of p38 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. We also observed an increase in iron uptake and a decrease in transferrin receptor protein upon TXNIP overexpression, suggesting a role in iron homeostasis. In vivo, flow cytometry analysis of cells from Txnip(-/-) mice revealed a new phenotype of impaired terminal erythropoiesis in the spleen, characterized by a partial block between basophilic and late basophilic/polychromatic erythroblasts. Based on our data, TXNIP emerges as a novel regulator of terminal erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga J Gasiorek
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Mikhael
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Garcia-Santos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prem Ponka
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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17
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DeBalsi KL, Wong KE, Koves TR, Slentz DH, Seiler SE, Wittmann AH, Ilkayeva OR, Stevens RD, Perry CGR, Lark DS, Hui ST, Szweda L, Neufer PD, Muoio DM. Targeted metabolomics connects thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) to mitochondrial fuel selection and regulation of specific oxidoreductase enzymes in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8106-20. [PMID: 24482226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an α-arrestin family member involved in redox sensing and metabolic control. Growing evidence links TXNIP to mitochondrial function, but the molecular nature of this relationship has remained poorly defined. Herein, we employed targeted metabolomics and comprehensive bioenergetic analyses to evaluate oxidative metabolism and respiratory kinetics in mouse models of total body (TKO) and skeletal muscle-specific (TXNIP(SKM-/-)) Txnip deficiency. Compared with littermate controls, both TKO and TXNIP(SKM-/-) mice had reduced exercise tolerance in association with muscle-specific impairments in substrate oxidation. Oxidative insufficiencies in TXNIP null muscles were not due to perturbations in mitochondrial mass, the electron transport chain, or emission of reactive oxygen species. Instead, metabolic profiling analyses led to the discovery that TXNIP deficiency causes marked deficits in enzymes required for catabolism of branched chain amino acids, ketones, and lactate, along with more modest reductions in enzymes of β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The decrements in enzyme activity were accompanied by comparable deficits in protein abundance without changes in mRNA expression, implying dysregulation of protein synthesis or stability. Considering that TXNIP expression increases in response to starvation, diabetes, and exercise, these findings point to a novel role for TXNIP in coordinating mitochondrial fuel switching in response to nutrient availability.
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18
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Abstract
Torpor is a physiological state characterized by controlled lowering of metabolic rate and core body temperature, allowing substantial energy savings during periods of reduced food availability or harsh environmental conditions. The hypothalamus coordinates energy homeostasis and thermoregulation and plays a key role in directing torpor. We recently showed that mice lacking the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr50 readily enter torpor in response to fasting and have now used these mice to conduct a microarray analysis of hypothalamic gene expression changes related to the torpor state. This revealed a strong induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in the hypothalamus of torpid mice, which was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. In situ hybridization identified the ependyma lining the third ventricle as the principal site of torpor-related expression of Txnip. To characterize further the relationship between Txnip and torpor, we profiled Txnip expression in mice during prolonged fasting, cold exposure, and 2-deoxyglucose-induced hypometabolism, as well as in naturally occurring torpor bouts in the Siberian hamster. Strikingly, pronounced up-regulation of Txnip expression was only observed in wild-type mice when driven into torpor and during torpor in the Siberian hamster. Increase of Txnip was not limited to the hypothalamus, with exaggerated expression in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and liver also demonstrated in torpid mice. Given the recent identification of Txnip as a molecular nutrient sensor important in the regulation of energy metabolism, our data suggest that elevated Txnip expression is critical to regulating energy expenditure and fuel use during the extreme hypometabolic state of torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hand
- Faculty of Life Sciences, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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19
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Parks BW, Nam E, Org E, Kostem E, Norheim F, Hui ST, Pan C, Civelek M, Rau CD, Bennett BJ, Mehrabian M, Ursell LK, He A, Castellani LW, Zinker B, Kirby M, Drake TA, Drevon CA, Knight R, Gargalovic P, Kirchgessner T, Eskin E, Lusis AJ. Genetic control of obesity and gut microbiota composition in response to high-fat, high-sucrose diet in mice. Cell Metab 2013; 17:141-52. [PMID: 23312289 PMCID: PMC3545283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a highly heritable disease driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of loci contributing to obesity; however, a major limitation of these studies is the inability to assess environmental interactions common to obesity. Using a systems genetics approach, we measured obesity traits, global gene expression, and gut microbiota composition in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet of more than 100 inbred strains of mice. Here we show that HF/HS feeding promotes robust, strain-specific changes in obesity that are not accounted for by food intake and provide evidence for a genetically determined set point for obesity. GWAS analysis identified 11 genome-wide significant loci associated with obesity traits, several of which overlap with loci identified in human studies. We also show strong relationships between genotype and gut microbiota plasticity during HF/HS feeding and identify gut microbial phylotypes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Parks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Ghazalpour A, Rau CD, Farber CR, Bennett BJ, Orozco LD, van Nas A, Pan C, Allayee H, Beaven SW, Civelek M, Davis RC, Drake TA, Friedman RA, Furlotte N, Hui ST, Jentsch JD, Kostem E, Kang HM, Kang EY, Joo JW, Korshunov VA, Laughlin RE, Martin LJ, Ohmen JD, Parks BW, Pellegrini M, Reue K, Smith DJ, Tetradis S, Wang J, Wang Y, Weiss JN, Kirchgessner T, Gargalovic PS, Eskin E, Lusis AJ, LeBoeuf RC. Hybrid mouse diversity panel: a panel of inbred mouse strains suitable for analysis of complex genetic traits. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:680-92. [PMID: 22892838 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an association-based approach using classical inbred strains of mice in which we correct for population structure, which is very extensive in mice, using an efficient mixed-model algorithm. Our approach includes inbred parental strains as well as recombinant inbred strains in order to capture loci with effect sizes typical of complex traits in mice (in the range of 5% of total trait variance). Over the last few years, we have typed the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) strains for a variety of clinical traits as well as intermediate phenotypes and have shown that the HMDP has sufficient power to map genes for highly complex traits with resolution that is in most cases less than a megabase. In this essay, we review our experience with the HMDP, describe various ongoing projects, and discuss how the HMDP may fit into the larger picture of common diseases and different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatole Ghazalpour
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Byon CH, Hui ST. Abstract 511: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Ablation Protects Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play an important role in atherosclerosis. In response to increased oxidative stress, SMC secrete cytokines and express cell adhesion molecules which in turns, regulate monocyte/macrophage adhesion and other processes during atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip), an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin, is a key regulator of cellular sulfhydryl redox status. Recent studies also showed that Txnip is a key modulator of cellular glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In addition, Txnip serves as a critical sensor linking inflammasome to inflammation associated oxidative stress. We hypothesized that Txnip ablation would lead to decreased inflammatory responses in SMC by limiting cellular oxidative stress. To examine this hypothesis, we isolated primary SMC from the thoracic aorta of Txnip knockout (TKO) mice. Comparing to SMC from wild type (WT) control mice, SMC from TKO mice have reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as assessed by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Furthermore, Txnip ablation protected cells from oxidative stress when challenged with OxPAPC and hydrogen peroxide. Inflammatory markers (ICAM-1 and MCP-1) were down-regulated in Txnip-null SMC whereas oxidative stress-induced expression of inflammatory markers was inhibited by Txnip-deficiency. Interestingly, we found that macrophage adhesion to SMC was markedly reduced in Txnip-null cells. This is associated with a reduction in adhesion molecule and inflammatory marker expression in both SMC and macrophages from TKO mice. SMC from TKO mice exhibited an increased expression of KLF2 and decreased NF-κB (p65) activity, comparing to WT SMC. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role of Txnip-deficiency in inflammatory responses in SMC and suggest Txnip inhibition in SMC may represent a potential target for intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Andres AM, Ratliff EP, Sachithanantham S, Hui ST. Diminished AMPK signaling response to fasting in thioredoxin-interacting protein knockout mice. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1223-30. [PMID: 21439280 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) knockout (TKO) mice exhibit impaired response to fasting. Herein, we showed that activation of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and cellular AMP levels were diminished in the heart and soleus muscle but not in gastrocnemius muscle of fasting TKO mice. Similarly, glycogen content in fasted TKO mice was increased in oxidative muscles but was not different in glycolytic muscles. These data suggest Txnip deficiency has a higher impact on oxidative muscle than glycolytic muscles and provide new insights into the metabolic role of Txnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Andres
- Department of Biology, BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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23
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Chen J, Hui ST, Couto FM, Mungrue IN, Davis DB, Attie AD, Lusis AJ, Davis RA, Shalev A. Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency induces Akt/Bcl-xL signaling and pancreatic beta-cell mass and protects against diabetes. FASEB J 2008; 22:3581-94. [PMID: 18552236 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell loss through apoptosis represents a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes; however, no effective approaches to block this process and preserve endogenous beta-cell mass are currently available. To study the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a proapoptotic beta-cell factor we recently identified, we used HcB-19 (TXNIP nonsense mutation) and beta-cell-specific TXNIP knockout (bTKO) mice. Interestingly, HcB-19 mice demonstrate increased adiposity, but have lower blood glucose levels and increased pancreatic beta-cell mass (as assessed by morphometry). Moreover, HcB-19 mice are resistant to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. When intercrossed with obese, insulin-resistant, and diabetic mice, double-mutant BTBRlep(ob/ob)txnip(hcb/hcb) are even more obese, but are protected against diabetes and beta-cell apoptosis, resulting in a 3-fold increase in beta-cell mass. Beta-cell-specific TXNIP deletion also enhanced beta-cell mass (P<0.005) and protected against diabetes, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) revealed a approximately 50-fold reduction in beta-cell apoptosis in streptozotocin-treated bTKO mice. We further discovered that TXNIP deficiency induces Akt/Bcl-xL signaling and inhibits mitochondrial beta-cell death, suggesting that these mechanisms may mediate the beta-cell protective effects of TXNIP deficiency. These results suggest that lowering beta-cell TXNIP expression could serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by promoting endogenous beta-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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24
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Cheng CH, Hui ST. Immobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a substrate for solubilized epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. A convenient microtiter plate assay system. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1996; 56:155-67. [PMID: 9045597 DOI: 10.1007/bf02786946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previously reported solution assay protocol, a solid-phase assay for the tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor has been developed. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, immobilized noncovalently on microtiter plates, was used as the substrate in the solid-phase assay. Phosphorylation of the immobilized substrate takes place in the presence of ATP and a solubilized epidermal growth factor receptor preparation. After washing off the soluble reaction mixture, the phosphotyrosine-containing dehydrogenase produced on the well surface is quantitated by an ELISA method using a polyclonal antiphosphotyrosine antibody, a second antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, and finally the o-phenylenediamine reaction. The absorbance at 492 nm developed in the wells is a measure of the kinase activity of the solubilized receptor preparation. Putative inhibitors of receptor kinase can be conveniently incorporated in this assay system to test for potential inhibitory activity. This assay, being rapid and convenient, is useful in drug screening programs where a high through-put rate is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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25
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Abstract
1. A single i.p. dose of taurine (25 mg/mouse) given to mice 3 hr before an i.p. injection of morphine (0.1 mg/mouse) decreased the analgesic response of the animals to morphine. 2. Neither a lower dose of taurine nor the same dose of another amino acid was effective. 3. The analgesic response to morphine was also reduced by inclusion of taurine in the drinking water. 4. The results of the present study indicate that peripherally administered taurine antagonized morphine-induced analgesia, similar to a previous report that taurine administered centrally, diminished the analgesic response to a centrally injected opioid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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26
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Ng TB, Cheng CH, Hui ST, Woo NY. The sea bream liver contains receptors for growth hormone and prolactin. Biochem Int 1992; 27:939-44. [PMID: 1417925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Different tissues of the black sea bream Mylio macrocephalus including the liver, gills, intestine, muscle, gonad, swim bladder, spleen, heart and kidney were examined for the presence of prolactin and growth hormone receptors. Membranes were prepared from the tissues and 125I-labeled ovine prolactin and bovine growth hormone were used as ligands. It was found that the liver contained the highest level of specific 125I-labeled ovine prolactin and bovine growth hormone binding, suggesting the existence of hepatic prolactin and growth hormone receptors. The protein nature of the hepatic growth hormone receptor was revealed by the reduction of specific 125I-labeled growth hormone binding after treatment of hepatic membranes with trypsin and chymotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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