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Chumbe A, Grobben M, Capella-Pujol J, Koekkoek SM, Zon I, Slamanig S, Merat SJ, Beaumont T, Sliepen K, Schinkel J, van Gils MJ. A panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for the characterization of antibody responses using antibodies with diverse recognition and neutralization patterns. Virus Res 2024; 341:199308. [PMID: 38171391 PMCID: PMC10821612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is urgently needed to limit the spread of HCV. The large antigenic diversity of the HCV glycoprotein E1E2 makes it difficult to design a vaccine but also to fully understand the antibody response after infection or vaccination. Here we designed a panel of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpps) that cover a wide range of genetically and antigenically diverse E1E2s. We validate our panel using neutralization and a binding antibody multiplex assay (BAMA). The panel of HCVpps includes E1E2 glycoproteins from acute and chronically infected cases in the Netherlands, as well as E1E2 glycoproteins from previously reported HCVs. Using eight monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic regions on E1E2, we could categorize four groups of neutralization sensitive viruses with viruses showing neutralization titers over a 100-fold range. One HCVpp (AMS0230) was extremely neutralization resistant and only neutralized by AR4-targeting antibodies. In addition, using binding antibody multiplex competition assay, we delineated mAb epitopes and their interactions. The binding and neutralization sensitivity of the HCVpps were confirmed using patient sera. At the end, eleven HCVpps with unique antibody binding and neutralization profiles were selected as the final panel for standardized HCV antibody assessments. In conclusion, this HCVpp panel can be used to evaluate antibody binding and neutralization breadth and potency as well as delineate the epitopes targeted in sera from patients or candidate vaccine trials. The HCVpp panel in combination with the established antibody competition assay present highly valuable tools for HCV vaccine development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chumbe
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joan Capella-Pujol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Zon
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Slamanig
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Beaumont
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Chumbe A, Urbanowicz RA, Sliepen K, Koekkoek SM, Molenkamp R, Tarr AW, Ball JK, Schinkel J, van Gils MJ. Optimization of the pseudoparticle system for standardized assessments of neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36399377 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the antibody response during natural infection and the effect on disease progression and reinfection is necessary for the development of a protective hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine. The HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) system enables the study of viral entry and inhibition by antibody neutralization. A robust and comparable neutralization assay is crucial for the development and evaluation of experimental vaccines.With the aim of optimizing the HCVpp-murine leukaemia virus (MLV) system, we tested the neutralization of HCVpp-harbouring E1E2 from 21 HCV isolates representing 6 different genotypes by several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). HCVpps are generated by expressing functional envelope glycoproteins (E1E2) onto pseudoparticles derived from env-deleted MLV. Adjustments of E1E2, gag-pol and luciferase plasmid ratios resulted in increased yields for most HCVpps and recovery of one non-infectious HCVpp. We simplified and improved the protocol to achieve higher signal/noise ratios and minimized the amount of HCVpps and mAbs needed for the detection of neutralization. Using our optimized protocol, we demonstrated comparable results to previously reported data with both diluted and freeze-thawed HCVpps.In conclusion, we successfully established a simplified and reproducible HCVpp neutralization protocol for studying a wide range of HCV variants. This simplified protocol provides highly consistent results and could be easily adopted by others to evaluate precious biological material. This will contribute to a better understanding of the antibody response during natural infection and help evaluate experimental HCV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chumbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander W Tarr
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Janes VA, Matamoros S, Munk P, Clausen PTLC, Koekkoek SM, Koster LAM, Jakobs ME, de Wever B, Visser CE, Aarestrup FM, Lund O, de Jong MD, Bossuyt PMM, Mende DR, Schultsz C. Metagenomic DNA sequencing for semi-quantitative pathogen detection from urine: a prospective, laboratory-based, proof-of-concept study. The Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e588-e597. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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4
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Koel BF, Vigeveno RM, Pater M, Koekkoek SM, Han AX, Tuan HM, Anh TTN, Hung NT, Thinh LQ, Hai LT, Ngoc HTB, Chau NVV, Ngoc NM, Chokephaibulkit K, Puthavathana P, Kinh NV, Trinh T, Lee RTC, Maurer-Stroh S, Eggink D, Thanh TT, Tan LV, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD. Longitudinal sampling is required to maximize detection of intrahost A/H3N2 virus variants. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa088. [PMID: 33343927 PMCID: PMC7733607 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal human influenza viruses continually change antigenically to escape from neutralizing antibodies. It remains unclear how genetic variation in the intrahost virus population and selection at the level of individual hosts translates to the fast-paced evolution observed at the global level because emerging intrahost antigenic variants are rarely detected. We tracked intrahost variants in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface proteins using longitudinally collected samples from 52 patients infected by A/H3N2 influenza virus, mostly young children, who received oseltamivir treatment. We identified emerging putative antigenic variants and oseltamivir-resistant variants, most of which remained detectable in samples collected at subsequent days, and identified variants that emerged intrahost immediately prior to increases in global rates. In contrast to most putative antigenic variants, oseltamivir-resistant variants rapidly increased to high frequencies in the virus population. Importantly, the majority of putative antigenic variants and oseltamivir-resistant variants were first detectable four or more days after onset of symptoms or start of treatment, respectively. Our observations demonstrate that de novo variants emerge, and may be positively selected, during the course of infection. Additionally, based on the 4–7 days post-treatment delay in emergence of oseltamivir-resistant variants in six out of the eight individuals with such variants, we find that limiting sample collection for routine surveillance and diagnostic testing to early timepoints after onset of symptoms can potentially preclude detection of emerging, positively selected variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Koel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Vigeveno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Pater
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A X Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - N T Hung
- Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L Q Thinh
- Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L T Hai
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H T B Ngoc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N V V Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - N M Ngoc
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - N V Kinh
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T Trinh
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - R T C Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - S Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138671 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.,National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - D Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T T Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L V Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - H R van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Steba GS, Koekkoek SM, Prins M, Brinkman K, Kwa D, van der Meer JTM, van der Valk M, Molenkamp R, Pollakis G, Schinkel J, Paxton WA. Bile-salt stimulated lipase polymorphisms do not associate with HCV susceptibility. Virus Res 2019; 274:197715. [PMID: 31622635 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bile-salt stimulate lipase (BSSL) is a glycoprotein found in human milk and blood that can potently bind DC-SIGN. The BSSL gene is highly polymorphic with a variant number of O-linked glycosylated 11 amino acid repeats at the C-terminus of the protein, encoded in exon 11 of the gene. It has been shown that certain BSSL genotypes associate with decreased HIV-1 transmission in vitro and decreased HIV-1 disease progression. The protein forms dimers and individuals possessing one high (typically 14-21) and one low (typically 7-11) number of repeat domains has been shown to have stronger binding of BSSL to DC-SIGN and HIV-1 inhibitory activity in vitro. Since we previously demonstrated that SNPs within the DC-SIGN gene can associate with risk of HCV sexual transmission and which can be linked to diminished DC-SIGN gene expression we aimed to identify whether BSSL polymorphisms associated similarly through differential binding to DC-SIGN. DNA was isolated from the HIV-1 infected MSM cohort (MOSAIC) composed of HCV multiple exposed uninfected (MEU) (N = 30) and multiple exposed HCV infected (MEI) (N = 32) individuals and from the Amsterdam cohort studies (ACS) intravenous drug using (IDU) cohort (22 MEI and 40 MEU). The numbers of repeats in exon 11 were determined by PCR with repeat distributions compared between MEI and MEU. No statistical significant difference in the copy number of exon 11 repeats, or combinations of, in the BSSL gene was observed when comparing HCV infected MEI with MEU, thus the exon 11 repeat copy number in the BSSL gene does not affect HCV susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby S Steba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Kwa
- Department of Microbiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan T M van der Meer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William A Paxton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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6
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Steba GS, Koekkoek SM, Vanhommerig JW, Brinkman K, Kwa D, Van Der Meer JTM, Prins M, Berkhout B, Tanck M, Paxton WA, Molenkamp R, Schinkel J. DC-SIGN Polymorphisms Associate with Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Men who Have Sex with Men but not Among Injecting Drug Users. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:353-357. [PMID: 29140443 PMCID: PMC5853896 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify whether genetic polymorphisms within L-SIGN or DC-SIGN correlate with hepatitis C virus (HCV) susceptibility. A men who have sex with men (MSM) and an injecting drug users (IDU) cohort of HCV cases and multiple-exposed uninfected controls were genotyped for numerous L-SIGN and DC-SIGN polymorphisms. DC-SIGN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -139, -871, and -939 correlated with HCV acquisition in the MSM cohort only. When the same SNPs were introduced into a transcription activity assay they demonstrated a reduction in expression with predicted alteration in binding of transcription factors. DC-SIGN promoter SNPs correlated with risk of HCV acquisition via sexual but not IDU exposure, likely through modulation of mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby S Steba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost W Vanhommerig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Kwa
- Department of Microbiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan T M Van Der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine, and AIDS, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William A Paxton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Nijmeijer BM, Sarrami‐Forooshani R, Steba GS, Schreurs RRCE, Koekkoek SM, Molenkamp R, Schinkel J, Reiss P, Siegenbeek van Heukelom ML, van der Valk M, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. HIV-1 exposure and immune activation enhance sexual transmission of Hepatitis C virus by primary Langerhans cells. J Int AIDS Soc 2019; 22:e25268. [PMID: 30932366 PMCID: PMC6442005 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significant rise in incidence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) living with HIV-1 suggests that HCV under specific circumstances is transmitted via sexual contact. During sexual transmission HCV has to cross the epithelial barrier to either directly enter the blood stream or indirectly via mucosal immune cells. However, the mechanisms of sexual transmission of HCV remain unclear. We investigated the role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in HCV susceptibility during sexual contact as LCs are among the first cells in mucosal tissues to encounter invading viruses. METHODS We investigated the phenotype of primary LCs in anal biopsies from MSM living with HIV-1. To investigate the role of primary LCs in HCV infection and transmission, we have used both isolated primary skin LCs and the ex vivo tissue transmission model. RESULTS Our data identified an important role for mucosal LCs in facilitating HCV transmission after HIV-1 exposure or immune activation. LCs were detected within mucosal anal tissues obtained from HIV-1 positive MSM biopsies. In order to perform functional studies, we used primary LCs from skin, which have a similar phenotype as mucosal LCs. Immature LCs were neither infected nor transmitted HCV to hepatocytes. Notably, exposure to HIV-1 significantly increased HCV transmission by LCs in the ex vivo transmission model. HIV-1 replication was crucial for the increased HCV transmission as HIV-1 inhibitors significantly reduced HIV-1-induced HCV transmission. Moreover, tissue immune activation of LCs also increased HCV transmission to target cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our data strongly indicate that HIV-1 or immune activation in MSM leads to capture of HCV by mucosal LCs, which might facilitate transmission to other cells or allow entry of HCV into the blood. This novel transmission mechanism by LCs also implicates that the activation state of LCs is an important cellular determinant for HCV susceptibility after sexual contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadien M Nijmeijer
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ramin Sarrami‐Forooshani
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gaby S Steba
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyClinical Virology LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renée RCE Schreurs
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyClinical Virology LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyClinical Virology LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyClinical Virology LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Department of Global HealthAmsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdam University Medical Centers HIV Monitoring FoundationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Matthijs L Siegenbeek van Heukelom
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of DermatologyAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Carla MS Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Teunis BH Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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8
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Steba GS, Koekkoek SM, Tanck MWT, Vanhommerig JW, van der Meer JTM, Kwa D, Brinkman K, Prins M, Berkhout B, Pollakis G, Molenkamp R, Schinkel J, Paxton WA. SNP rs688 within the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene associates with HCV susceptibility. Liver Int 2019; 39:463-469. [PMID: 30260075 PMCID: PMC6588020 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite high-risk behaviour, 10%-20% of HCV multiple exposed individuals remain uninfected (MEU), whilst the remainder become infected (MEI). We hypothesize that host factors play a role in HCV susceptibility. We aimed to identify polymorphisms in host genes that encode for proteins involved in viral entry: CD81, Scavenger receptor 1 (SR-1), Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), Claudin-1 (CLDN1), Occludin (OCLN) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1). METHODS Multiple exposed infected and MEU from two observational cohorts were selected. From the MSM study of acute infection with HCV (MOSAIC), HIV-1 infected MEU cases (n = 30) and HIV-1 infected MEI controls (n = 32) were selected based on reported high-risk behaviour. From the Amsterdam Cohorts Studies (ACS) injecting drug users (IDU) cohort, MEU cases (n = 40) and MEI controls (n = 22) were selected who injected drugs for ≥2 years, in the nineties, when HCV incidence was high. Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by sequencing or SNP assays. RESULTS No associations were found for SNPs within genes coding for CD81, SR-1, Claudin-1 or Occludin between the MEU and MEI individuals from either cohort. We did observe a significant association for rs688 within the LDL-R gene with HCV infection (OR: 0.41 P = 0.001), however, LDL cholesterol levels did not vary between individuals carrying the differential SNPs. Additionally, a marginal significant effect was found for rs217434 and rs2072183 (OR: 2.07 P = 0.032 and OR: 1.76 P = 0.039, respectively) within NPC1L1. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the rs688 SNP within the LDL-R gene associates with HCV susceptibility through mucosal as well as intravenous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby S. Steba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M. Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael W. T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (CEBB), Amsterdam UMCAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost W. Vanhommerig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan T. M. van der Meer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David Kwa
- Department of MicrobiologyOnze Lieve Vrouwe GasthuisAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal MedicineOnze Lieve Vrouwe GasthuisAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (CEBB), Amsterdam UMCAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - William A. Paxton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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9
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van der Sanden SMG, Sachs N, Koekkoek SM, Koen G, Pajkrt D, Clevers H, Wolthers KC. Enterovirus 71 infection of human airway organoids reveals VP1-145 as a viral infectivity determinant. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:84. [PMID: 29743570 PMCID: PMC5943241 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses frequently cause severe diseases in children. Human enteroviruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and respiratory droplets, and primary replication occurs in the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts; however, how enteroviruses infect these sites is largely unknown. Human intestinal organoids have recently proven to be valuable tools for studying enterovirus-host interactions in the intestinal tract. In this study, we demonstrated the susceptibility of a newly developed human airway organoid model for enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. We showed for the first time in a human physiological model that EV71 replication kinetics are strain-dependent. A glutamine at position 145 of the VP1 capsid protein was identified as a key determinant of infectivity, and residues VP1-98K and VP1-104D were identified as potential infectivity markers. The results from this study provide new insights into EV71 infectivity in the human airway epithelia and demonstrate the value of organoid technology for virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman Sachs
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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van der Sanden SMG, Koen G, van Eijk H, Koekkoek SM, de Jong MD, Wolthers KC. Prediction of Protection against Asian Enterovirus 71 Outbreak Strains by Cross-neutralizing Capacity of Serum from Dutch Donors, The Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1562-9. [PMID: 27533024 PMCID: PMC4994357 DOI: 10.3201/eid2209.151579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herd immunity induced by locally circulating strains could provide protection against introduction of new strains. Outbreaks of human enterovirus 71 (EV-71) in Asia are related to high illness and death rates among children. To gain insight into the potential threat for the population of Europe, we determined the neutralizing activity in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) batches and individual serum samples from donors in the Netherlands against EV-71 strains isolated in Europe and in Asia. All IVIg batches and 41%, 79%, and 65% of serum samples from children ≤5 years of age, women of childbearing age, and HIV-positive men, respectively, showed high neutralizing activity against a Dutch C1 strain, confirming widespread circulation of EV-71 in the Netherlands. Asian B3–4 and C4 strains were efficiently cross-neutralized, predicting possible protection against extensive circulation and associated outbreaks of those types in Europe. However, C2 and C5 strains that had few mutations in the capsid region consistently escaped neutralization, emphasizing the importance of monitoring antigenic diversity among circulating EV-71 strains.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line
- Child, Preschool
- Coinfection
- Cross Protection/immunology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Enterovirus A, Human/classification
- Enterovirus A, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology
- Enterovirus Infections/immunology
- Enterovirus Infections/prevention & control
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Genotype
- HIV Infections
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Netherlands/epidemiology
- Neutralization Tests
- Population Surveillance
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Viral Plaque Assay
- Young Adult
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11
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Merat SJ, Molenkamp R, Wagner K, Koekkoek SM, van de Berg D, Yasuda E, Böhne M, Claassen YB, Grady BP, Prins M, Bakker AQ, de Jong MD, Spits H, Schinkel J, Beaumont T. Hepatitis C virus Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated 25 Years after Spontaneous Clearance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165047. [PMID: 27776169 PMCID: PMC5077102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is world-wide a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. No vaccine is available to prevent HCV infection. To design an effective vaccine, understanding immunity against HCV is necessary. The memory B cell repertoire was characterized from an intravenous drug user who spontaneously cleared HCV infection 25 years ago. CD27+IgG+ memory B cells were immortalized using BCL6 and Bcl-xL. These immortalized B cells were used to study antibody-mediated immunity against the HCV E1E2 glycoproteins. Five E1E2 broadly reactive antibodies were isolated: 3 antibodies showed potent neutralization of genotype 1 to 4 using HCV pseudotyped particles, whereas the other 2 antibodies neutralized genotype 1, 2 and 3 or 1 and 2 only. All antibodies recognized non-linear epitopes on E2. Finally, except for antibody AT12-011, which recognized an epitope consisting of antigenic domain C /AR2 and AR5, all other four antibodies recognized epitope II and domain B. These data show that a subject, who spontaneously cleared HCV infection 25 years ago, still has circulating memory B cells that are able to secrete broadly neutralizing antibodies. Presence of such memory B cells strengthens the argument for undertaking the development of an HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Wagner
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M. Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Bart P. Grady
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of infectious diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Menno D. de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Beaumont
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bull RA, Eltahla AA, Rodrigo C, Koekkoek SM, Walker M, Pirozyan MR, Betz-Stablein B, Toepfer A, Laird M, Oh S, Heiner C, Maher L, Schinkel J, Lloyd AR, Luciani F. A method for near full-length amplification and sequencing for six hepatitis C virus genotypes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:247. [PMID: 26988550 PMCID: PMC4797172 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a rapidly evolving RNA virus that has been classified into seven genotypes. All HCV genotypes cause chronic hepatitis, which ultimately leads to liver diseases such as cirrhosis. The genotypes are unevenly distributed across the globe, with genotypes 1 and 3 being the most prevalent. Until recently, molecular epidemiological studies of HCV evolution within the host and at the population level have been limited to the analyses of partial viral genome segments, as it has been technically challenging to amplify and sequence the full-length of the 9.6 kb HCV genome. Although recent improvements have been made in full genome sequencing methodologies, these protocols are still either limited to a specific genotype or cost-inefficient. RESULTS In this study we describe a genotype-specific protocol for the amplification and sequencing of the near-full length genome of all six major HCV genotypes. We applied this protocol to 122 HCV positive clinical samples, and had a successful genome amplification rate of 90%, when the viral load was greater than 15,000 IU/ml. The assay was shown to have a detection limit of 1-3 cDNA copies per reaction. The method was tested with both Illumina and PacBio single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technologies. Illumina sequencing resulted in deep coverage and allowed detection of rare variants as well as HCV co-infection with multiple genotypes. The application of the method with PacBio RS resulted in sequence reads greater than 9 kb that covered the near full-length HCV amplicon in a single read and enabled analysis of the near full-length quasispecies. CONCLUSIONS The protocol described herein can be utilised for rapid amplification and sequencing of the near-full length HCV genome in a cost efficient manner suitable for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Chaturaka Rodrigo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Walker
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Mehdi R Pirozyan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Brigid Betz-Stablein
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - Steve Oh
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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13
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Jansen RR, Biemond BJ, Schinkel J, Koekkoek SM, Molenkamp R, de Jong MD, Visser CE. Febrile neutropenia: significance of elaborated screening for respiratory viruses, and the comparison of different sampling methods, in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. Virol J 2013; 10:212. [PMID: 23805898 PMCID: PMC3706282 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During febrile neutropenia in only 30 to 60 percent an infectious agent is identified. This diagnostic gap could hypothetically be reduced with the broad implementation of molecular detection techniques like PCR, which has revolutionized the detection of infectious diseases during the last two decades. FINDINGS We performed a longitudinal prospective study (N = 81) of neutropenic patients to assess the role of respiratory viruses in neutropenic fever and to determine the clinical relevance of blind screening for these viruses. Respiratory viruses were recovered in 14% of the patients prior to neutropenia. In 13% of neutropenic patients without fever and in 19% of those with fever, a respiratory virus was detected. Comparing different sample types; nasal swabs performed significantly better (16/117 = 43%), than throat swabs (6/106 = 6%). Throat gurgles did not show significant differences from the latter sample types. CONCLUSIONS Blind diagnostic screening for respiratory viruses before or during neutropenia is not useful. Nasal swabs are sensitive and practical option for screening on respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier R Jansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academical Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Dijkman R, Jebbink MF, Koekkoek SM, Deijs M, Jónsdóttir HR, Molenkamp R, Ieven M, Goossens H, Thiel V, van der Hoek L. Isolation and characterization of current human coronavirus strains in primary human epithelial cell cultures reveal differences in target cell tropism. J Virol 2013; 87:6081-90. [PMID: 23427150 PMCID: PMC3648119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03368-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium (HAE) represents the entry port of many human respiratory viruses, including human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Nowadays, four HCoVs, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63, are known to be circulating worldwide, causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in nonhospitalized and hospitalized children. Studies of the fundamental aspects of these HCoV infections at the primary entry port, such as cell tropism, are seriously hampered by the lack of a universal culture system or suitable animal models. To expand the knowledge on fundamental virus-host interactions for all four HCoVs at the site of primary infection, we used pseudostratified HAE cell cultures to isolate and characterize representative clinical HCoV strains directly from nasopharyngeal material. Ten contemporary isolates were obtained, representing HCoV-229E (n = 1), HCoV-NL63 (n = 1), HCoV-HKU1 (n = 4), and HCoV-OC43 (n = 4). For each strain, we analyzed the replication kinetics and progeny virus release on HAE cell cultures derived from different donors. Surprisingly, by visualizing HCoV infection by confocal microscopy, we observed that HCoV-229E employs a target cell tropism for nonciliated cells, whereas HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63 all infect ciliated cells. Collectively, the data demonstrate that HAE cell cultures, which morphologically and functionally resemble human airways in vivo, represent a robust universal culture system for isolating and comparing all contemporary HCoV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Jebbink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M. Koekkoek
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Molenkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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