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Das Choudhury S, Guadagno CR, Bashyam S, Mazis A, Ewers BE, Samal A, Awada T. Stress phenotyping analysis leveraging autofluorescence image sequences with machine learning. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1353110. [PMID: 38708393 PMCID: PMC11066247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Autofluorescence-based imaging has the potential to non-destructively characterize the biochemical and physiological properties of plants regulated by genotypes using optical properties of the tissue. A comparative study of stress tolerant and stress susceptible genotypes of Brassica rapa with respect to newly introduced stress-based phenotypes using machine learning techniques will contribute to the significant advancement of autofluorescence-based plant phenotyping research. Methods Autofluorescence spectral images have been used to design a stress detection classifier with two classes, stressed and non-stressed, using machine learning algorithms. The benchmark dataset consisted of time-series image sequences from three Brassica rapa genotypes (CC, R500, and VT), extreme in their morphological and physiological traits captured at the high-throughput plant phenotyping facility at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA. We developed a set of machine learning-based classification models to detect the percentage of stressed tissue derived from plant images and identified the best classifier. From the analysis of the autofluorescence images, two novel stress-based image phenotypes were computed to determine the temporal variation in stressed tissue under progressive drought across different genotypes, i.e., the average percentage stress and the moving average percentage stress. Results The study demonstrated that both the computed phenotypes consistently discriminated against stressed versus non-stressed tissue, with oilseed type (R500) being less prone to drought stress relative to the other two Brassica rapa genotypes (CC and VT). Conclusion Autofluorescence signals from the 365/400 nm excitation/emission combination were able to segregate genotypic variation during a progressive drought treatment under a controlled greenhouse environment, allowing for the exploration of other meaningful phenotypes using autofluorescence image sequences with significance in the context of plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Srinidhi Bashyam
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Anastasios Mazis
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Brent E. Ewers
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Ashok Samal
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Birru G, Shiferaw A, Tadesse T, Wardlow B, Jin VL, Schmer MR, Awada T, Kharel T, Iqbal J. Cover crop performance under a changing climate in continuous corn system over Nebraska. J Environ Qual 2024; 53:66-77. [PMID: 37889790 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Fall-planted cover crop (CC) within a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system offers potential agroecosystem benefits, including mitigating the impacts of increased temperature and variability in precipitation patterns. A long-term simulation using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer model was made to assess the effects of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) on no-till continuous corn yield and soil properties under historical (1991-2020) and projected climate (2041-2070) in eastern Nebraska. Local weather data during the historical period were used, while climate change projections were based on the Canadian Earth System Model 2 dynamically downscaled using the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Regional Climate Model 4 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP), namely, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Simulations results indicated that CC impacts on corn yield were nonsignificant under historical and climate change conditions. Climate change created favorable conditions for CC growth, resulting in an increase in biomass. CC reduced N leaching under climate change scenarios compared to an average reduction of 60% (7 kg ha- 1 ) during the historical period. CC resulted in a 6% (27 mm) reduction in total water in soil profile (140 cm) and 22% (27 mm) reduction in plant available water compared to no cover crop during historical period. CC reduced cumulative seasonal surface runoff/soil evaporation and increased the rate of soil organic carbon buildup. This research provides valuable information on how changes in climate can impact the performance of cereal rye CC in continuous corn production and should be scaled to wider locations and CC species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Birru
- USDA-ARS, The Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andualem Shiferaw
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tsegaye Tadesse
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brian Wardlow
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Virginia L Jin
- USDA-ARS, The Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Marty R Schmer
- USDA-ARS, The Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tulsi Kharel
- USDA-ARS, Crop Production Systems Research, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Javad Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Das Choudhury S, Saha S, Samal A, Mazis A, Awada T. Drought stress prediction and propagation using time series modeling on multimodal plant image sequences. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1003150. [PMID: 36844082 PMCID: PMC9947149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper introduces two novel algorithms for predicting and propagating drought stress in plants using image sequences captured by cameras in two modalities, i.e., visible light and hyperspectral. The first algorithm, VisStressPredict, computes a time series of holistic phenotypes, e.g., height, biomass, and size, by analyzing image sequences captured by a visible light camera at discrete time intervals and then adapts dynamic time warping (DTW), a technique for measuring similarity between temporal sequences for dynamic phenotypic analysis, to predict the onset of drought stress. The second algorithm, HyperStressPropagateNet, leverages a deep neural network for temporal stress propagation using hyperspectral imagery. It uses a convolutional neural network to classify the reflectance spectra at individual pixels as either stressed or unstressed to determine the temporal propagation of stress in the plant. A very high correlation between the soil water content, and the percentage of the plant under stress as computed by HyperStressPropagateNet on a given day demonstrates its efficacy. Although VisStressPredict and HyperStressPropagateNet fundamentally differ in their goals and hence in the input image sequences and underlying approaches, the onset of stress as predicted by stress factor curves computed by VisStressPredict correlates extremely well with the day of appearance of stress pixels in the plants as computed by HyperStressPropagateNet. The two algorithms are evaluated on a dataset of image sequences of cotton plants captured in a high throughput plant phenotyping platform. The algorithms may be generalized to any plant species to study the effect of abiotic stresses on sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sinjoy Saha
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashok Samal
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anastasios Mazis
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Das A, Das Choudhury S, Das AK, Samal A, Awada T. EmergeNet: A novel deep-learning based ensemble segmentation model for emergence timing detection of coleoptile. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1084778. [PMID: 36818836 PMCID: PMC9936151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1084778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence timing of a plant, i.e., the time at which the plant is first visible from the surface of the soil, is an important phenotypic event and is an indicator of the successful establishment and growth of a plant. The paper introduces a novel deep-learning based model called EmergeNet with a customized loss function that adapts to plant growth for coleoptile (a rigid plant tissue that encloses the first leaves of a seedling) emergence timing detection. It can also track its growth from a time-lapse sequence of images with cluttered backgrounds and extreme variations in illumination. EmergeNet is a novel ensemble segmentation model that integrates three different but promising networks, namely, SEResNet, InceptionV3, and VGG19, in the encoder part of its base model, which is the UNet model. EmergeNet can correctly detect the coleoptile at its first emergence when it is tiny and therefore barely visible on the soil surface. The performance of EmergeNet is evaluated using a benchmark dataset called the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Maize Emergence Dataset (UNL-MED). It contains top-view time-lapse images of maize coleoptiles starting before the occurrence of their emergence and continuing until they are about one inch tall. EmergeNet detects the emergence timing with 100% accuracy compared with human-annotated ground-truth. Furthermore, it significantly outperforms UNet by generating very high-quality segmented masks of the coleoptiles in both natural light and dark environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aankit Das
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashok Samal
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Zhan Y, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Stoerger V, Hiller J, Awada T, Ge Y. Rapid online plant leaf area change detection with high-throughput plant image data. J Appl Stat 2022; 50:2984-2998. [PMID: 37808616 PMCID: PMC10557544 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2022.2150753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) has become an emerging technique to study plant traits due to its fast, labor-saving, accurate and non-destructive nature. It has wide applications in plant breeding and crop management. However, the resulting massive image data has raised a challenge associated with efficient plant traits prediction and anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a two-step image-based online detection framework for monitoring and quick change detection of the individual plant leaf area via real-time imaging data. Our proposed method is able to achieve a smaller detection delay compared with some baseline methods under some predefined false alarm rate constraint. Moreover, it does not need to store all past image information and can be implemented in real time. The efficiency of the proposed framework is validated by a real data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglun Zhan
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Vincent Stoerger
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jeremy Hiller
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yufeng Ge
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Dharni JS, Dhatt BK, Paul P, Gao T, Awada T, Bacher H, Peleg Z, Staswick P, Hupp J, Yu H, Walia H. A non-destructive approach for measuring rice panicle-level photosynthetic responses using 3D-image reconstruction. Plant Methods 2022; 18:126. [PMID: 36443862 PMCID: PMC9703705 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the physiological responses of rice inflorescence (panicle) to environmental stresses is limited by the challenge of accurately determining panicle photosynthetic parameters and their impact on grain yield. This is primarily due to the lack of a suitable gas exchange methodology for panicles and non-destructive methods to accurately determine panicle surface area. RESULTS To address these challenges, we have developed a custom panicle gas exchange cylinder compatible with the LiCor 6800 Infra-red Gas Analyzer. Accurate surface area measurements were determined using 3D panicle imaging to normalize the panicle-level photosynthetic measurements. We observed differential responses in both panicle and flag leaf for two temperate Japonica rice genotypes (accessions TEJ-1 and TEJ-2) exposed to heat stress during early grain filling. There was a notable divergence in the relative photosynthetic contribution of flag leaf and panicles for the heat-tolerant genotype (TEJ-2) compared to the sensitive genotype (TEJ-1). CONCLUSION The novelty of this method is the non-destructive and accurate determination of panicle area and photosynthetic parameters, enabling researchers to monitor temporal changes in panicle physiology during the reproductive development. The method is useful for panicle-level measurements under diverse environmental stresses and is sensitive enough to evaluate genotypic variation for panicle physiology and architecture in cereals with compact inflorescences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspinder Singh Dharni
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Balpreet Kaur Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Puneet Paul
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Jason Hupp
- LI-COR Inc., 4647 Superior Street, Lincoln, NE, 68505, USA
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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McPhillips LJ, Carlson Z, MacDonald JC, Suyker A, Awada T, Watson AK, Okalebo J, Xiong Y, Dangal S, Heil HA, Stowell R, Erickson GE. 211 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Two Beef Systems from Birth to Slaughter in Eastern Nebraska. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from a conventional (CONV) pasture-based cattle production system with cows wintered on corn residue and summer grazing of brome pasture was compared with partial-confinement system (ALT) with cows and calves in a drylot during the summer and grazed cover crops and corn residue over the fall and winter. Four groups of 20 cows were in each system. Eddy covariance methods were used to measure emissions from grazed areas (corn residue and pasture) and pen chambers were used to measure emissions from feedlot pens (cows and calves). Cattle from the CONV system produced more CH4 and CO2 but produced more beef per cow exposed (321 and 303 kg HCW for CONV and ALT, respectively). Measured CH4 and modeled N2O emissions totaled 7.5 ± 0.3 and 7.4 ± 0.3 kg CO2e kg-1 HCW for CONV and ALT production, respectively. There was a measured uptake of 233 g C m-2 and 98 g C m-2 from brome pasture and cover crop, respectively. Accounting for CH4 and N2O emissions using global warming potential (GWP) of 23 and 298 resulted in a net sink of 0.7 ± 0.2 kg CO2e kg-1 HCW for CONV and source of 16.7 ± 1.5 kg CO2e kg-1 HCW for ALT. The same calculation using global warming potential (GWP) of 4 and 234 resulted in a net sink of 10.9 ± 1.0 kg CO2e kg-1 HCW for CONV and source of 7.1 ± 1.5 kg CO2e kg-1 HCW for ALT. Carbon sequestration from perennial grasslands in the CONV was enough to offset all emissions and biogenic CO2 and the annual forage grazed in the ALT system offset 33 to 72% of systems emissions depending on GWP metric used.
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Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Herrmann V, Rollinson CR, Gonzalez B, Gonzalez‐Akre EB, Pederson N, Alexander MR, Allen CD, Alfaro‐Sánchez R, Awada T, Baltzer JL, Baker PJ, Birch JD, Bunyavejchewin S, Cherubini P, Davies SJ, Dow C, Helcoski R, Kašpar J, Lutz JA, Margolis EQ, Maxwell JT, McMahon SM, Piponiot C, Russo SE, Šamonil P, Sniderhan AE, Tepley AJ, Vašíčková I, Vlam M, Zuidema PA. Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:245-266. [PMID: 34653296 PMCID: PMC9298236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model nonlinear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and calendar year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree's growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over ≥3-month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually maximum temperature, over ≤3-month seasonal windows), with concave-down responses in 63% of relationships. Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (45% of cases tested), with larger trees usually more sensitive. Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently reached maxima at intermediate DBH. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Bianca Gonzalez
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Erika B. Gonzalez‐Akre
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - M. Ross Alexander
- Midwest Dendro LLCNapervilleIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Decision and Infrastructure SciencesArgonne National LaboratoryLamontIllinoisUSA
| | - Craig D. Allen
- Department of Geography & Environmental StudiesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Patrick J. Baker
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesUniversity of MelbourneRichmondVIC.Australia
| | | | | | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Cameron Dow
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Ryan Helcoski
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - James A. Lutz
- S. J. & Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ellis Q. Margolis
- Fort Collins Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyNew Mexico Landscapes Field StationLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Sean M. McMahon
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Camille Piponiot
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Alan J. Tepley
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Canadian Forest ServiceNorthern Forestry CentreEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Ivana Vašíčková
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningenThe Netherlands
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Bacher H, Zhu F, Gao T, Liu K, Dhatt BK, Awada T, Zhang C, Distelfeld A, Yu H, Peleg Z, Walia H. Wild emmer introgression alters root-to-shoot growth dynamics in durum wheat in response to water stress. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1149-1162. [PMID: 34618034 PMCID: PMC8566259 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit during the early vegetative growth stages of wheat (Triticum) can limit shoot growth and ultimately impact grain productivity. Introducing diversity in wheat cultivars to enhance the range of phenotypic responses to water limitations during vegetative growth can provide potential avenues for mitigating subsequent yield losses. We tested this hypothesis in an elite durum wheat background by introducing a series of introgressions from a wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) wheat. Wild emmer populations harbor rich phenotypic diversity for drought-adaptive traits. To determine the effect of these introgressions on vegetative growth under water-limited conditions, we used image-based phenotyping to catalog divergent growth responses to water stress ranging from high plasticity to high stability. One of the introgression lines exhibited a significant shift in root-to-shoot ratio in response to water stress. We characterized this shift by combining genetic analysis and root transcriptome profiling to identify candidate genes (including a root-specific kinase) that may be linked to the root-to-shoot carbon reallocation under water stress. Our results highlight the potential of introducing functional diversity into elite durum wheat for enhancing the range of water stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Feiyu Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Balpreet K Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Mills SD, Mamo M, Ruis SJ, Blanco-Canqui H, Schacht WH, Awada T, Li X, Sutton P. Soil properties limiting vegetation establishment along roadsides. J Environ Qual 2021; 50:110-121. [PMID: 33300140 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roadside vegetation provides a multitude of ecosystem services, including pollutant remediation, runoff reduction, wildlife habitat, and aesthetic scenery. Establishment of permanent vegetation along paved roads after construction can be challenging, particularly within 1 m of the pavement. Adverse soil conditions could be one of the leading factors limiting roadside vegetation growth. In this study, we assessed soil physical and chemical properties along a transect perpendicular to the road at six microtopographic positions (road edge, shoulder, side slope, ditch, backslope, and field edge) along two highway segments near Beaver Crossing and Sargent, NE. At the Beaver Crossing site, Na concentration was 81 times, exchangeable Na 66 times, and cone index (compaction parameter) six times higher at the road-edge position (closest to the paved road and with sparse vegetation) compared to positions with abundant vegetation (ditch or field edge). At the Sargent site, Na concentration was 111 times, exchangeable Na 213 times, and cone index up to two times higher at the road-edge position compared with ditch or field-edge positions. Likewise, electrical conductivity was higher and macroaggregation and water infiltration were lower at the road edge than at the ditch or field-edge positions. Soil properties improved with increasing distance from the road. Exchangeable Na percentage and cone index at the road-edge position exceeded threshold levels for the growth of sensitive plants. Thus, high Na concentration and increased compaction at the road edge appear to be the leading soil properties limiting vegetation establishment along Nebraska highways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad D Mills
- Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Martha Mamo
- Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Sabrina J Ruis
- Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Walter H Schacht
- Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Pamela Sutton
- Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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11
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Das Choudhury S, Maturu S, Samal A, Stoerger V, Awada T. Leveraging Image Analysis to Compute 3D Plant Phenotypes Based on Voxel-Grid Plant Reconstruction. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:521431. [PMID: 33362806 PMCID: PMC7755976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.521431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High throughput image-based plant phenotyping facilitates the extraction of morphological and biophysical traits of a large number of plants non-invasively in a relatively short time. It facilitates the computation of advanced phenotypes by considering the plant as a single object (holistic phenotypes) or its components, i.e., leaves and the stem (component phenotypes). The architectural complexity of plants increases over time due to variations in self-occlusions and phyllotaxy, i.e., arrangements of leaves around the stem. One of the central challenges to computing phenotypes from 2-dimensional (2D) single view images of plants, especially at the advanced vegetative stage in presence of self-occluding leaves, is that the information captured in 2D images is incomplete, and hence, the computed phenotypes are inaccurate. We introduce a novel algorithm to compute 3-dimensional (3D) plant phenotypes from multiview images using voxel-grid reconstruction of the plant (3DPhenoMV). The paper also presents a novel method to reliably detect and separate the individual leaves and the stem from the 3D voxel-grid of the plant using voxel overlapping consistency check and point cloud clustering techniques. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we introduce the University of Nebraska-Lincoln 3D Plant Phenotyping Dataset (UNL-3DPPD). A generic taxonomy of 3D image-based plant phenotypes are also presented to promote 3D plant phenotyping research. A subset of these phenotypes are computed using computer vision algorithms with discussion of their significance in the context of plant science. The central contributions of the paper are (a) an algorithm for 3D voxel-grid reconstruction of maize plants at the advanced vegetative stages using images from multiple 2D views; (b) a generic taxonomy of 3D image-based plant phenotypes and a public benchmark dataset, i.e., UNL-3DPPD, to promote the development of 3D image-based plant phenotyping research; and (c) novel voxel overlapping consistency check and point cloud clustering techniques to detect and isolate individual leaves and stem of the maize plants to compute the component phenotypes. Detailed experimental analyses demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, and also show the potential of 3D phenotypes to explain the morphological characteristics of plants regulated by genetic and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Srikanth Maturu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ashok Samal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Vincent Stoerger
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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12
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Battipaglia G, Awada T, Der Au RA, Innangi M, Saurer M, Cherubini P. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations outweighs effects of stand density in determining growth and water use efficiency in Pinus ponderosa of the semi-arid grasslands of Nebraska (U.S.A.). Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Das Choudhury S, Samal A, Awada T. Leveraging Image Analysis for High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:508. [PMID: 31068958 PMCID: PMC6491831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between a genotype and its environment controls the biophysical properties of a plant, manifested in observable traits, i.e., plant's phenome, which influences resources acquisition, performance, and yield. High-throughput automated image-based plant phenotyping refers to the sensing and quantifying plant traits non-destructively by analyzing images captured at regular intervals and with precision. While phenomic research has drawn significant attention in the last decade, extracting meaningful and reliable numerical phenotypes from plant images especially by considering its individual components, e.g., leaves, stem, fruit, and flower, remains a critical bottleneck to the translation of advances of phenotyping technology into genetic insights due to various challenges including lighting variations, plant rotations, and self-occlusions. The paper provides (1) a framework for plant phenotyping in a multimodal, multi-view, time-lapsed, high-throughput imaging system; (2) a taxonomy of phenotypes that may be derived by image analysis for better understanding of morphological structure and functional processes in plants; (3) a brief discussion on publicly available datasets to encourage algorithm development and uniform comparison with the state-of-the-art methods; (4) an overview of the state-of-the-art image-based high-throughput plant phenotyping methods; and (5) open problems for the advancement of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ashok Samal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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14
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Das Choudhury S, Bashyam S, Qiu Y, Samal A, Awada T. Holistic and component plant phenotyping using temporal image sequence. Plant Methods 2018; 14:35. [PMID: 29760766 PMCID: PMC5944015 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image-based plant phenotyping facilitates the extraction of traits noninvasively by analyzing large number of plants in a relatively short period of time. It has the potential to compute advanced phenotypes by considering the whole plant as a single object (holistic phenotypes) or as individual components, i.e., leaves and the stem (component phenotypes), to investigate the biophysical characteristics of the plants. The emergence timing, total number of leaves present at any point of time and the growth of individual leaves during vegetative stage life cycle of the maize plants are significant phenotypic expressions that best contribute to assess the plant vigor. However, image-based automated solution to this novel problem is yet to be explored. RESULTS A set of new holistic and component phenotypes are introduced in this paper. To compute the component phenotypes, it is essential to detect the individual leaves and the stem. Thus, the paper introduces a novel method to reliably detect the leaves and the stem of the maize plants by analyzing 2-dimensional visible light image sequences captured from the side using a graph based approach. The total number of leaves are counted and the length of each leaf is measured for all images in the sequence to monitor leaf growth. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we introduce University of Nebraska-Lincoln Component Plant Phenotyping Dataset (UNL-CPPD) and provide ground truth to facilitate new algorithm development and uniform comparison. The temporal variation of the component phenotypes regulated by genotypes and environment (i.e., greenhouse) are experimentally demonstrated for the maize plants on UNL-CPPD. Statistical models are applied to analyze the greenhouse environment impact and demonstrate the genetic regulation of the temporal variation of the holistic phenotypes on the public dataset called Panicoid Phenomap-1. CONCLUSION The central contribution of the paper is a novel computer vision based algorithm for automated detection of individual leaves and the stem to compute new component phenotypes along with a public release of a benchmark dataset, i.e., UNL-CPPD. Detailed experimental analyses are performed to demonstrate the temporal variation of the holistic and component phenotypes in maize regulated by environment and genetic variation with a discussion on their significance in the context of plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Das Choudhury
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Srinidhi Bashyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Yumou Qiu
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Ashok Samal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
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15
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Wang S, Zuo X, Zhao X, Awada T, Luo Y, Li Y, Qu H. Dominant plant species shape soil bacterial community in semiarid sandy land of northern China. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1693-1704. [PMID: 29435244 PMCID: PMC5792618 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species affect soil bacterial diversity and compositions. However, little is known about the role of dominant plant species in shaping the soil bacterial community during the restoration of sandy grasslands in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. We established a mesocosm pots experiment to investigate short-term responses of soil bacterial diversity and composition, and the related soil properties in degraded soils without vegetation (bare sand as the control, CK) to restoration with five plant species that dominate across restoration stages: Agriophyllum squarrosum (AS), Artemisia halodendron (AH), Setaria viridis (SV), Chenopodium acuminatum (CA), and Corispermum macrocarpum (CM). We used redundancy analysis (RDA) to analyze the association between soil bacterial composition and soil properties in different plant species. Our results indicated that soil bacterial diversity was significantly lower in vegetated soils independent of plant species than in the CK. Specifically, soil bacterial species richness and diversity were lower under the shrub AH and the herbaceous plants AS, SV, and CA, and soil bacterial abundance was lower under AH compared with the CK. A field investigation confirmed the same trends where soil bacteria diversity was lower under AS and AH than in bare sand. The high-sequence annotation analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most common phyla in sandy land irrespective of soil plant cover. The OTUs (operational taxonomic units) indicated that some bacterial species were specific to the host plants. Relative to bare sand (CK), soils with vegetative cover exhibited lower soil water content and temperature, and higher soil carbon and nitrogen contents. The RDA result indicated that, in addition to plant species, soil water and nitrogen contents were the most important factors shaping soil bacterial composition in semiarid sandy land. Our study from the pot and field investigations clearly demonstrated that planting dominant species in bare sand impacts bacterial diversity. In semiarid ecosystems, changes in the dominant plant species during vegetation restoration efforts can affect the soil bacterial diversity and composition through the direct effects of plants and the indirect effects of soil properties that are driven by plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Wang
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Naiman Desertification Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Research DivisionUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Naiman Desertification Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Naiman Desertification Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Research DivisionUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Yongqing Luo
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Naiman Desertification Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Hao Qu
- Urat Desert‐grassland Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
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16
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Hay WT, Bihmidine S, Mutlu N, Hoang KL, Awada T, Weeks DP, Clemente TE, Long SP. Enhancing soybean photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation using a cyanobacterial membrane protein, ictB. J Plant Physiol 2017; 212:58-68. [PMID: 28273517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soybean C3 photosynthesis can suffer a severe loss in efficiency due to photorespiration and the lack of a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) such as those present in other plant species or cyanobacteria. Transgenic soybean (Glycine max cv. Thorne) plants constitutively expressing cyanobacterial ictB (inorganic carbon transporter B) gene were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Although more recent data suggest that ictB does not actively transport HCO3-/CO2, there is nevertheless mounting evidence that transformation with this gene can increase higher plant photosynthesis. The hypothesis that expression of the ictB gene would improve photosynthesis, biomass production and seed yield in soybean was tested, in two independent replicated greenhouse and field trials. Results showed significant increases in photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Anet) and dry mass in transgenic relative to wild type (WT) control plants in both the greenhouse and field trials. Transgenic plants also showed increased photosynthetic rates and biomass production during a drought mimic study. The findings presented herein demonstrate that ictB, as a single-gene, contributes to enhancement in various yield parameters in a major commodity crop and point to the significant role that biotechnological approaches to increasing photosynthetic efficiency can play in helping to meet increased global demands for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Hay
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801-3838, USA; Plant Polymer Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N, University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Saadia Bihmidine
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0968, USA
| | - Nedim Mutlu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | - Khang Le Hoang
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0968, USA
| | - Donald P Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | - Tom E Clemente
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA.
| | - Stephen P Long
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801-3838, USA; Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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17
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Burnier M, Awada T, Marin Braun F, Rostoucher P, Ninou M, Erhard L. Treatment of unstable proximal interphalangeal joint fractures with hemi-hamate osteochondral autografts. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2017; 42:188-193. [PMID: 27765865 DOI: 10.1177/1753193416671886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological results after hemi-hamate resurfacing arthroplasty in patients with acute or chronic unstable fractures of the base of the middle phalanx and to describe technical features that can facilitate the surgical procedure. Hemi-hamate arthroplasties were done in 19 patients (mean age 39 years) with an isolated fracture at the base of the middle phalanx that involved more than 40% of the articular surface. We assessed ten chronic cases (treated >6 weeks after fracture) and nine acute ones (<6 weeks) at a mean of 24 months. Pain scores, QuickDASH scores, grip strengths, range of motion and radiological findings were recorded at follow-up. At follow-up, the mean active flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint was to 83° with a mean fixed flexion of 17° (active range of motion 66°). The mean active distal interphalangeal motion was 41°. The mean visual analogue scale score was 1.1. The mean QuickDASH score was 11. The mean pinch strength was 82% of the opposite side. Radiographs revealed one partial graft lysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burnier
- 1 Institut Chirurgical de la Main et du Membre Supérieur, Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Awada
- 2 Service de chirurgie de la main des diaconesses, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Marin Braun
- 2 Service de chirurgie de la main des diaconesses, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Rostoucher
- 1 Institut Chirurgical de la Main et du Membre Supérieur, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Ninou
- 1 Institut Chirurgical de la Main et du Membre Supérieur, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Erhard
- 1 Institut Chirurgical de la Main et du Membre Supérieur, Villeurbanne, France
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Quinn JE, Awada T, Trindade F, Fulginiti L, Perrin R. Combining habitat loss and agricultural intensification improves our understanding of drivers of change in avian abundance in a North American cropland anthrome. Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Quinn
- School of Natural Resources; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Federico Trindade
- Department of Agricultural Economics; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Lilyan Fulginiti
- Department of Agricultural Economics; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Richard Perrin
- Department of Agricultural Economics; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
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19
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Kunimatsu R, Yoshimi Y, Hirose N, Awada T, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Li W, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Tanimoto K. The C-terminus of amelogenin enhances osteogenic differentiation of human cementoblast lineage cells. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:218-224. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics; Applied Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics; Applied Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - N. Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics; Applied Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - T. Awada
- Department of Orthodontics; Applied Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - M. Miyauchi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Pathobiology; Basic Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - T. Takata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Pathobiology; Basic Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - W. Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences; University of California; San Francisco CA USA
| | - L. Zhu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences; University of California; San Francisco CA USA
| | - P.K. Denbesten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences; University of California; San Francisco CA USA
| | - K. Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics; Applied Life Sciences; Hiroshima University; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
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20
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Mykleby PM, Awada T, Lenters JD, Bihmidine S, Yarina AJ, Young SL. Responses of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) to Nitrogen and Temperature Manipulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1353/gpr.2015.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Bihmidine S, Cao M, Kang M, Awada T, Van Etten JL, Dunigan DD, Clemente TE. Expression of Chlorovirus MT325 aquaglyceroporin (aqpv1) in tobacco and its role in mitigating drought stress. Planta 2014; 240:209-21. [PMID: 24797278 PMCID: PMC4148780 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSIONS A Chlorovirus aquaglyceroporin expressed in tobacco is localized to the plastid and plasma membranes. Transgenic events display improved response to water deficit. Necrosis in adult stage plants is observed. Aquaglyceroporins are a subclass of the water channel aquaporin proteins (AQPs) that transport glycerol along with other small molecules transcellular in addition to water. In the studies communicated herein, we analyzed the expression of the aquaglyceroporin gene designated, aqpv1, from Chlorovirus MT325, in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), along with phenotypic changes induced by aqpv1 expression in planta. Interestingly, aqpv1 expression under control of either a constitutive or a root-preferred promoter, triggered local lesion formation in older leaves, which progressed significantly after induction of flowering. Fusion of aqpv1 with GFP suggests that the protein localized to the plasmalemma, and potentially with plastid and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Physiological characterizations of transgenic plants during juvenile stage growth were monitored for potential mitigation to water dry-down (i.e., drought) and recovery. Phenotypic analyses on drought mimic/recovery of juvenile transgenic plants that expressed a functional aqpv1 transgene had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency, along with maximum carboxylation and electron transport rates when compared to control plants. These physiological attributes permitted the juvenile aqpv1 transgenic plants to perform better under drought-mimicked conditions and hastened recovery following re-watering. This drought mitigation effect is linked to the ability of the transgenic plants to maintain cell turgor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Bihmidine
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
68583-0968, USA
| | - Mingxia Cao
- Department of A gronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science
Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA
| | - Ming Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
68583-0968, USA
| | - James L. Van Etten
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA
| | - David D. Dunigan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA
| | - Tom E. Clemente
- Department of A gronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science
Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA,
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22
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Li G, Froehlich JE, Elowsky C, Msanne J, Ostosh AC, Zhang C, Awada T, Alfano JR. Distinct Pseudomonas type-III effectors use a cleavable transit peptide to target chloroplasts. Plant J 2014; 77:310-21. [PMID: 24299018 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen Pseudomonas syringae requires a type-III protein secretion system and the effector proteins it injects into plant cells for pathogenesis. The primary role for P. syringae type-III effectors is the suppression of plant immunity. The P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 HopK1 type-III effector was known to suppress the hypersensitive response (HR), a programmed cell death response associated with effector-triggered immunity. Here we show that DC3000 hopK1 mutants are reduced in their ability to grow in Arabidopsis, and produce reduced disease symptoms. Arabidopsis transgenically expressing HopK1 are reduced in PAMP-triggered immune responses compared with wild-type plants. An N-terminal region of HopK1 shares similarity with the corresponding region in the well-studied type-III effector AvrRps4; however, their C-terminal regions are dissimilar, indicating that they have different effector activities. HopK1 is processed in planta at the same processing site found in AvrRps4. The processed forms of HopK1 and AvrRps4 are chloroplast localized, indicating that the shared N-terminal regions of these type-III effectors represent a chloroplast transit peptide. The HopK1 contribution to virulence and the ability of HopK1 and AvrRps4 to suppress immunity required their respective transit peptides, but the AvrRps4-induced HR did not. Our results suggest that a primary virulence target of these type-III effectors resides in chloroplasts, and that the recognition of AvrRps4 by the plant immune system occurs elsewhere. Moreover, our results reveal that distinct type-III effectors use a cleavable transit peptide to localize to chloroplasts, and that targets within this organelle are important for immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Li
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
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Abstract
The treatment of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow remains controversial. No single technique has yet proven its superiority. We describe a technique combining the advantages of the mini-invasive approach with those of transposition. We present the results of 30 patients, of mean age 52 years, who underwent anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve using a mini-invasive approach with a follow-up of more than six months. The incision measures 3 cm. The results were evaluated by measuring pain intensity, quick disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH), grip strength and pinch, and McGowan score, pre- and post-operatively. All parameters were improved post-operative. The mean pain score went from 5.5 to 4, the quick DASH from 48 to 38, mean grip strength from 28 to 31 kg, and mean pinch strength from 4.7 to 6.4 kg. The McGowan score was also improved; pre-operatively, there were 16 patients at stage III, seven patients stage II, seven patients stage I, and post-operatively there was one patient stage III, three patients stage II, 16 patients stage I, and 10 patients stage 0. Analysis of our series shows that a 3 cm incision without endoscopy allows subcutanous transposition, with results at least as good as those with other techniques. The advantages of our technique are that it is easy, has a limited approach, preserves blood supply, allows placement of the nerve in a favourable environment, and decreases nerve stretching during elbow flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lequint
- Hand Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, France
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Bihmidine S, Lin J, Stone JM, Awada T, Specht JE, Clemente TE. Activity of the Arabidopsis RD29A and RD29B promoter elements in soybean under water stress. Planta 2013; 237:55-64. [PMID: 22983672 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive and drought-induced activities of the Arabidopsis thaliana RD29A and RD29B promoters were monitored in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.] via fusions with the visual marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS). Physiological responses of soybean plants were monitored over 9 days of water deprivation under greenhouse conditions. Data were used to select appropriate time points to monitor the activities of the respective promoter elements. Qualitative and quantitative assays for GUS expression were conducted in root and leaf tissues, from plants under well-watered and dry-down conditions. Both RD29A and RD29B promoters were significantly activated in soybean plants subjected to dry-down conditions. However, a low level of constitutive promoter activity was also observed in both root and leaves of plants under well-watered conditions. GUS expression was notably higher in roots than in leaves. These observations suggest that the respective drought-responsive regulatory elements present in the RD29X promoters may be useful in controlling targeted transgenes to mitigate abiotic stress in soybean, provided the transgene under control of these promoters does not invoke agronomic penalties with leaky expression when no abiotic stress is imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Bihmidine
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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25
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Chen Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Awada T, Shang W, Han J. Effects of grazing exclusion on soil properties and on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage in a sandy rangeland of Inner Mongolia, northern China. Environ Manage 2012; 50:622-632. [PMID: 22829221 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Horqin sandy rangeland of northern China is a seriously desertified region with a fragile ecology. The sandy alluvial and aeolian sediments have a coarse texture and loose structure and are therefore vulnerable to damage caused by grazing animals and wind erosion. We investigated whether grazing exclusion could enhance ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and thereby improve overall soil quality. We compared soil properties, C and N storage in biomass (aboveground and below-ground), and the total and light fraction soil organic matter between adjacent areas with continuous grazing and a 12-year grazing exclosure. The soil silt + clay content, organic C, total Kjeldahl N, available N and K, and cation-exchange capacity were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the exclosure. We found that to a depth of 100 cm, the exclosure plots had greater light fraction C storage (by 267.2 g m(-2) = 73.3 %), light fraction N storage (by 16.6 g m(-2) = 105.7 %), total soil C storage (by 1174.4 g m(-2) = 43.9 %), and total N storage (by 91.1 g m(-2) = 31.3 %). Biomass C and N storage were also 205.0 and 8.0 g m(-2) greater (154.8 and 181.8 %, respectively). The increase was greatest in the light fraction organic matter and biomass and decreased with increasing depth in the soil. The results suggest that light fraction C and N respond more rapidly than total soil C and N to grazing exclusion and that vegetation recovers faster than soil. Our results confirmed that the degraded sandy rangeland is recovering and sequestering C after the removal of grazing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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26
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Bazakos C, Manioudaki ME, Therios I, Voyiatzis D, Kafetzopoulos D, Awada T, Kalaitzis P. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two olive cultivars in response to NaCl-stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42931. [PMID: 22952621 PMCID: PMC3431368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivation is rapidly expanding and low quality saline water is often used for irrigation. The molecular basis of salt tolerance in olive, though, has not yet been investigated at a system level. In this study a comparative transcriptomics approach was used as a tool to unravel gene regulatory networks underlying salinity response in olive trees by simulating as much as possible olive growing conditions in the field. Specifically, we investigated the genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptome response of two olive cultivars, a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive one. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A 135-day long salinity experiment was conducted using one-year old trees exposed to NaCl stress for 90 days followed by 45 days of post-stress period during the summer. A cDNA library made of olive seedling mRNAs was sequenced and an olive microarray was constructed. Total RNA was extracted from root samples after 15, 45 and 90 days of NaCl-treatment as well as after 15 and 45 days of post-treatment period and used for microarray hybridizations. SAM analysis between the NaCl-stress and the post-stress time course resulted in the identification of 209 and 36 differentially expressed transcripts in the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivar, respectively. Hierarchical clustering revealed two major, distinct clusters for each cultivar. Despite the limited number of probe sets, transcriptional regulatory networks were constructed for both cultivars while several hierarchically-clustered interacting transcription factor regulators such as JERF and bZIP homologues were identified. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A systems biology approach was used and differentially expressed transcripts as well as regulatory interactions were identified. The comparison of the interactions among transcription factors in olive with those reported for Arabidopsis might indicate similarities in the response of a tree species with Arabidopsis at the transcriptional level under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bazakos
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Crete, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria E. Manioudaki
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Therios
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios Voyiatzis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kafetzopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation of Research and Technology (FORTH), Crete, Greece
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Crete, Greece
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Msanne J, Xu D, Konda AR, Casas-Mollano JA, Awada T, Cahoon EB, Cerutti H. Metabolic and gene expression changes triggered by nitrogen deprivation in the photoautotrophically grown microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Coccomyxa sp. C-169. Phytochemistry 2012; 75:50-9. [PMID: 22226037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are emerging as suitable feedstocks for renewable biofuel production. Characterizing the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of energy-rich compounds, such as lipids and carbohydrates, and the environmental factors influencing their accumulation is necessary to realize the full potential of these organisms as energy resources. The model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen starvation or salt stress in medium containing acetate. However, since cultivation of microalgae for biofuel production may need to rely on sunlight as the main source of energy for biomass synthesis, metabolic and gene expression changes occurring in Chlamydomonas and Coccomyxa subjected to nitrogen deprivation were examined under strictly photoautotrophic conditions. Interestingly, nutrient depletion triggered a similar pattern of early synthesis of starch followed by substantial TAG accumulation in both of these fairly divergent green microalgae. A marked decrease in chlorophyll and protein contents was also observed, including reduction in ribosomal polypeptides and some key enzymes for CO₂ assimilation like ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. These results suggest that turnover of nitrogen-rich compounds such as proteins may provide carbon/energy for TAG biosynthesis in the nutrient deprived cells. In Chlamydomonas, several genes coding for diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferases, catalyzing the acylation of diacylglycerol to TAG, displayed increased transcript abundance under nitrogen depletion but, counterintuitively, genes encoding enzymes for de novo fatty acid synthesis, such as 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, were down-regulated. Understanding the interdependence of these anabolic and catabolic processes and their regulation may allow the engineering of algal strains with improved capacity to convert their biomass into useful biofuel precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Msanne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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28
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Msanne J, Lin J, Stone JM, Awada T. Characterization of abiotic stress-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana RD29A and RD29B genes and evaluation of transgenes. Planta 2011; 234:97-107. [PMID: 21374086 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity. The homologous RD29A and RD29B genes are exquisitely sensitive to various abiotic stressors. Therefore, RD29A and RD29B gene sequences have potential to confer abiotic stress resistance in crop species grown in arid and semi-arid regions. To our knowledge, no information on the physiological roles of the proteins encoded by RD29A and RD29B are available in the literature. To understand how these proteins function, we used reverse genetic approaches, including identifying rd29a and rd29b T-DNA knockout mutants, and examining the effects of complementing transgenes with the genes under control of their native promoters and chimeric genes with the native promoters swapped. Four binary vectors with the RD29A and RD29B promoters upstream of the cognate RD29A and RD29B cDNAs and as chimeric genes with noncognate promoters were used to transform rd29a and rd29b plants. Cold, drought, and salt induced both genes; the promoter of RD29A was found to be more responsive to drought and cold stresses, whereas the promoter of RD29B was highly responsive to salt stress. Morphological and physiological responses of rd29a and rd29b plants to salt stress were further investigated. Root growth, and photosynthetic properties declined significantly, while solute concentration (Ψπ), water use efficiency (WUE) and δ(13)C ratio increased under salt stress. Unexpectedly, the rd29a and rd29b knockout mutant lines maintained greater root growth, photosynthesis, and WUE under salt stress relative to control. We conclude that the RD29A and RD29B proteins are unlikely to serve directly as protective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Msanne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Bihmidine S, Bryan NM, Payne KR, Parde MR, Okalebo JA, Cooperstein SE, Awada T. Photosynthetic performance of invasive Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana seedlings under gradual soil water depletion. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2010; 12:668-675. [PMID: 20636910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Changes in climate, land management and fire regime have contributed to woody species expansion into grasslands and savannas worldwide. In the USA, Pinus ponderosa P.&C. Lawson and Juniperus virginiana L. are expanding into semiarid grasslands of Nebraska and other regions of the Great Plains. We examined P. ponderosa and J. virginiana seedling response to soil water content, one of the most important limiting factors in semiarid grasslands, to provide insight into their success in the region. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, maximum carboxylation velocity, maximum rate of electron transport, stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, water potential, root-to-shoot ratio, and needle nitrogen content were followed under gradual soil water depletion for 40 days. J. virginiana maintained lower L(s), higher A, g(s), and initial F(v)/F(m), and displayed a more gradual decline in V(cmax) and J(max) with increasing water deficit compared to P. ponderosa. J. virginiana also invested more in roots relative to shoots compared to P. ponderosa. F(v)/F(m) showed high PSII resistance to dehydration in both species. Photoinhibition was observed at approximately 30% of field capacity. Soil water content was a better predictor of A and g(s) than Psi, indicating that there are other growth factors controlling physiological processes under increased water stress. The two species followed different strategies to succeed in semiarid grasslands. P. ponderosa seedlings behaved like a drought-avoidant species with strong stomatal control, while J. virginiana was more of a drought-tolerant species, maintaining physiological activity at lower soil water content. Differences between the studied species and the ecological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bihmidine
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Abstract
In 1954, Michel Latarjet, anatomist and surgeon of Lyon, developed an original surgical technique to treat the unstable shoulder . This technique since kept his name: "Latarjet". He was a character in 1000 facets: highly skilled anatomist, skillful surgeon, talented sportsman, accomplished musician, big traveler, and many others... An eclectic life, symbol of an abundant XXth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Awada
- SOS main, CCOM, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67403 Illkirch, France
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Eggemeyer KD, Awada T, Harvey FE, Wedin DA, Zhou X, Zanner CW. Seasonal changes in depth of water uptake for encroaching trees Juniperus virginiana and Pinus ponderosa and two dominant C4 grasses in a semiarid grassland. Tree Physiol 2009; 29:157-69. [PMID: 19203941 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpn019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We used the natural abundance of stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in soil (0.05-3 m depth), plant xylem and precipitation to determine the seasonal changes in sources of soil water uptake by two native encroaching woody species (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson, Juniperus virginiana L.), and two C(4) grasses (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Panicum virgatum L.), in the semiarid Sandhills grasslands of Nebraska. Grass species extracted most of their water from the upper soil profile (0.05-0.5 m). Soil water uptake from below 0.5 m depth increased under drought, but appeared to be minimal in relation to the total water use of these species. The grasses senesced in late August in response to drought conditions. In contrast to grasses, P. ponderosa and J. virginiana trees exhibited significant plasticity in sources of water uptake. In winter, tree species extracted a large fraction of their soil water from below 0.9 m depth. In spring when shallow soil water was available, tree species used water from the upper soil profile (0.05-0.5 m) and relied little on water from below 0.5 m depth. During the growing season (May-August) significant differences between the patterns of tree species water uptake emerged. Pinus ponderosa acquired a large fraction of its water from the 0.05-0.5 and 0.5-0.9 m soil profiles. Compared with P. ponderosa, J. virginiana acquired water from the 0.05-0.5 m profile during the early growing season but the amount extracted from this profile progressively declined between May and August and was mirrored by a progressive increase in the fraction taken up from 0.5-0.9 m depth, showing plasticity in tracking the general increase in soil water content within the 0.5-0.9 m profile, and being less responsive to growing season precipitation events. In September, soil water content declined to its minimum, and both tree species shifted soil water uptake to below 0.9 m. Tree transpiration rates (E) and water potentials (Psi) indicated that deep water sources did not maintain E which sharply declined in September, but played an important role in the recovery of tree Psi. Differences in sources of water uptake among these species and their ecological implications on tree-grass dynamics and soil water in semiarid environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Eggemeyer
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0974, USA
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Zhou X, Brandle JR, Schoeneberger MM, Awada T. Developing above-ground woody biomass equations for open-grown, multiple-stemmed tree species: Shelterbelt-grown Russian-olive. Ecol Modell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Awada T, Radoglou K, Fotelli MN, Constantinidou HIA. Ecophysiology of seedlings of three Mediterranean pine species in contrasting light regimes. Tree Physiol 2003; 23:33-41. [PMID: 12511302 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/23.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of net photosynthesis (Anet) in 2-year-old seedlings of Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. were investigated. Seedlings were grown in the field in two light regimes: sun (ambient light) and shade (25% of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)). Repeated measures analyses over a 12-month period showed that Anet varied significantly among species and from season to season. Maximum Anet in sun-acclimated seedlings was low in winter (yet remained positive) and peaked during summer. Maximum Anet was observed in June in P. pinea (12 micromol m-2 s-1), July in P. pinaster (23 micromol m-2 s-1) and August in P. brutia (20 micromol m-2 s-1). Photosynthetic light response curves saturated at a PAR of 200-300 micromol m-2 s-1 in winter and in shade-acclimated seedlings in summer. Net photosynthesis in sun-acclimated seedlings did not saturate at PAR up to 1900 micromol m-2 s-1 in P. brutia and P. pinaster. Minimum air temperature of the preceding night was apparently one of the main factors controlling Anet during the day. In shade-acclimated seedlings, photosynthetic rates were reduced by 50% in P. brutia and P. pinaster and by 20% in P. pinea compared with those in sun-acclimated seedlings. Stomatal conductance was generally lower in shaded seedlings than in seedlings grown in the sun, except on days with a high vapor pressure deficit. Total chlorophyll concentration per unit leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and height significantly increased in P. pinea in response to shade, but not in P. pinaster or P. brutia. In response to shade, P. brutia showed a significant increase in total chlorophyll concentration but not SLA. Photosynthetic and growth data indicate that P. pinaster and P. brutia are more light-demanding than P. pinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 12 D Plant Industry Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68516-0814, USA.
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