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Garcia-Oliveira GF, Guimarães ACDS, Moreira GD, Costa TA, Arruda MS, de Mello ÉM, Silva MC, de Almeida MG, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N, Drumond BP. YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021-2023). Viruses 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 38257732 PMCID: PMC10818614 DOI: 10.3390/v16010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017-2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5'UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the β-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by Callithrix, from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Gabriel Dias Moreira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Thais Alkifeles Costa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlise Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USA;
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
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Bentes AA, Dos Santos Junior WR, Pessoa NL, Costa TA, Oliveira GFG, Diniz LMO, Torres BR, Teixeira DC, Mendes RB, Avelar ABA, Campos MA, Kroon EG, Drumond BP. Neuro-COVID-19 With or Without the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A Single-Center Study : COVID-19: Neurologic Manifestations in Children. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:250-258. [PMID: 36976476 PMCID: PMC10044054 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the range of neurological manifestation in children with COVID-19 (neuro-COVID-19) both with and without the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and the persistence of symptoms after hospital discharge. The study was conducted as a prospective study of children and adolescents under 18 years of age who were admitted to a children's hospital for infectious diseases from January 2021 to January 2022. The children had no previous neurological or psychiatric disorders. Out of the 3021 patients evaluated, 232 were confirmed to have COVID-19 and 21 of these patients (9%) showed neurological manifestations associated with the virus. Of these 21 patients, 14 developed MIS-C, and 7 had neurological manifestations unrelated to MIS-C. There was no statistical difference regarding the neurological manifestations during hospitalization and outcomes between patients with neuro-COVID-19 who had or did not have MIS-C, except for seizures that occurred more frequently in patients with neuro-COVID-19 without MIS-C (p-value = 0.0263). One patient died, and 5 patients still had neurological or psychiatric manifestations at discharge, which persisted for up to 7 months. The study highlights that SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect the central and peripheral nervous system, particularly in children and adolescents with MIS-C, and that it is crucial to be vigilant for long-term adverse outcomes, as the neurological and psychiatric effects of COVID-19 in children are emerging during an important stage of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Almeida Bentes
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, FHEMIG, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Natalia Lima Pessoa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Alkifeles Costa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Martins Oliveira Diniz
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, FHEMIG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Antônio Campos
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betania Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Rezende IM, Cenachi ARC, Costa TA, Oliveira GFG, Rabelo L, Menezes LM, Penido I, Pereira LS, Arruda MS, Gonç alves AP, Alves PA, Kroon EG, Calzavara-Silva CE, Ramalho DB, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, LaBeaud AD, Drumond BP. Wild-type Yellow fever virus in cerebrospinal fluid from fatal cases in Brazil, 2018. Front Virol 2022; 2:936191. [PMID: 37461745 PMCID: PMC10351615 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.936191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the causative agent of yellow fever (YF), a hemorrhagic and viscerotropic acute disease. Severe YF has been described in approximately 15-25% of YF patients, with 20-50% of severe YF cases being fatal. Here we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected during the YF outbreak in Brazil in 2018, aiming to investigate CNS neuroinvasion in fatal YFV cases. YFV RNA was screened by RT-qPCR targeting the 3'UTR region of the YFV genome in CSF. CSF samples were tested for the presence of anti-YFV IgM and neutralizing antibodies, coupled with routine laboratory examinations. Among the 13 patients studied, we detected anti-YFV IgM in CSF from eight patients and YFV RNA in CSF from five patients. YFV RNA genomic load in CSF samples ranged from 1.75×103 to 5.42×103 RNA copies/mL. We genotyped YFV from three CSF samples that grouped with other YFV samples from the 2018 outbreak in Brazil within the South-American I genotype. Even though descriptions of neurologic manifestations due to wild type YFV (WT-YFV) infection are rare, since the last YF outbreak in Brazil in 2017-2018, a few studies have demonstrated WT-YFV RNA in CSF samples from YF fatal cases. Serological tests indicated the presence of IgM and neutralizing antibodies against YFV in CSF samples from two patients. Although the presence of viral RNA, IgM and neutralizing antibodies in CSF samples could indicate neuroinvasiveness, further studies are needed to better elucidate the role of YFV neuroinvasion and possible impacts in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Mauricio de Rezende
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Thais Alkifeles Costa
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fernanda Garcia Oliveira
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Livia Rabelo
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Soares Pereira
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Bendigo Heath Hospital, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Immunology of Viruses Diseases, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Integrated Group of Biomarkers Research, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Integrated Group of Biomarkers Research, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Joshi G, Kubasek J, Nikolov I, Sheehan B, Costa TA, Allão Cassaro RA, Friedman JR. Adjustable coupling and in situ variable frequency electron paramagnetic resonance probe with loop-gap resonators for spectroscopy up to X-band. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:023104. [PMID: 32113449 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In standard electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the frequency of an experiment is set and the spectrum is acquired using the magnetic field as the independent variable. There are cases in which it is desirable instead to fix the field and tune the frequency such as when studying avoided level crossings. We have designed and tested an adjustable frequency and variable coupling EPR probe with loop-gap resonators (LGRs) that works at a temperature as low as 1.8 K. The frequency is tuned by adjusting the height of a dielectric piece of sapphire inserted into the gap of an LGR; coupling of the microwave antenna is varied with the height of the antenna above the LGR. Both coupling antenna and dielectric are located within the cryogenic sample chamber, but their motion is controlled with external micrometers located outside the cryostat. The frequency of the LGR (∼4 GHz) can be adjusted by more than 1 GHz (>25%). To cover a wide range of frequencies, different LGRs can be designed to cover frequencies up to X-band. We demonstrate the operation of our probe by mapping out avoided crossings for the Ni4 molecular nanomagnet to determine the tunnel splittings with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Joshi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - J Kubasek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - I Nikolov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - B Sheehan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - T A Costa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - R A Allão Cassaro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Jonathan R Friedman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
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Cano LE, Singer-Vermes LM, Costa TA, Mengel JO, Xidieh CF, Arruda C, André DC, Vaz CA, Burger E, Calich VL. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells in vivo impairs host defense of mice resistant and susceptible to pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:352-9. [PMID: 10603408 PMCID: PMC97141 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.1.352-359.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a pulmonary model of infection, we demonstrated previously that A/Sn and B10.A mice are, respectively, resistant and susceptible to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. Employing the same experimental model, we examined herein the role of CD8(+) T cells in the course of paracoccidioidomycosis. Treatment with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies caused a selective depletion of pulmonary and splenic CD8(+) T cells in both mouse strains. The number of pulmonary CD4(+) T cells and immunoglobulin-positive cells was independent of the number of CD8(+) T cells. In susceptible mice, the loss of CD8(+) T cells by in vivo treatment with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies impaired the clearance of yeasts from the lungs and increased the fungal dissemination to the liver and spleen. The same treatment in resistant mice increased fungal dissemination to extrapulmonary tissues but did not alter the pulmonary fungal load. Furthermore, CD8(+) T-cell depletion did not modify delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions of A/Sn mice but increased these reactions in B10.A mice. The production of P. brasiliensis-specific antibodies by resistant and susceptible mice depleted of CD8(+) T cells was similar to that of mice given control antibody. Histopathologically, depletion of CD8(+) T cells did not disorganize the focal granulomatous lesions developed by both mouse strains. These results indicate that CD8(+) T cells are necessary for optimal clearance of the fungus from tissues of mice infected with P. brasiliensis and demonstrate more prominent protective activity by those cells in the immune responses mounted by susceptible animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Fungal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antilymphocyte Serum
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/etiology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/immunology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Paracoccidioides/immunology
- Paracoccidioides/isolation & purification
- Paracoccidioides/pathogenicity
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/etiology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/immunology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/microbiology
- Phenotype
- Spleen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Cano
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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