1
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Mukherjee PK, Nguyen QT, Li J, Zhao S, Christensen SM, West GA, Chandra J, Gordon IO, Lin S, Wang J, Mao R, Czarnecki D, Rayan C, Goren I, Banerjee S, Kotak P, Plesec T, Lal S, Fabre T, Asano S, Bound K, Hart K, Park C, Martinez R, Dower K, Wynn TA, Hu S, Naydenov N, Decaris M, Turner S, Holubar SD, Steele SR, Fiocchi C, Ivanov AI, Kravarik KM, Rieder F. Stricturing Crohn's Disease Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Fibroblast Heterogeneity and Intercellular Interactions. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1180-1196. [PMID: 37507073 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibroblasts play a key role in stricture formation in Crohn's disease (CD) but understanding its pathogenesis requires a systems-level investigation to uncover new treatment targets. We studied full-thickness CD tissues to characterize fibroblast heterogeneity and function by generating the first single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) atlas of strictured bowel and providing proof of principle for therapeutic target validation. METHODS We performed scRNAseq of 13 fresh full-thickness CD resections containing noninvolved, inflamed nonstrictured, and strictured segments as well as 7 normal non-CD bowel segments. Each segment was separated into mucosa/submucosa or muscularis propria and analyzed separately for a total of 99 tissue samples and 409,001 cells. We validated cadherin-11 (CDH11) as a potential therapeutic target by using whole tissues, isolated intestinal cells, NanoString nCounter, next-generation sequencing, proteomics, and animal models. RESULTS Our integrated dataset revealed fibroblast heterogeneity in strictured CD with the majority of stricture-selective changes detected in the mucosa/submucosa, but not the muscle layer. Cell-cell interaction modeling revealed CXCL14+ as well as MMP/WNT5A+ fibroblasts displaying a central signaling role in CD strictures. CDH11, a fibroblast cell-cell adhesion molecule, was broadly expressed and up-regulated, and its profibrotic function was validated using NanoString nCounter, RNA sequencing, tissue target expression, in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments, proteomics, and knock-out and antibody-mediated CDH11 blockade in experimental colitis. CONCLUSIONS A full-thickness bowel scRNAseq atlas revealed previously unrecognized fibroblast heterogeneity and interactions in CD strictures and CDH11 was validated as a potential therapeutic target. These results provide a new resource for a better understanding of CD stricture formation and open potential therapeutic developments. This work has been posted as a preprint on Biorxiv under doi: 10.1101/2023.04.03.534781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Gail A West
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Douglas Czarnecki
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carla Rayan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Idan Goren
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suhanti Banerjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Prerna Kotak
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Plesec
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samir Lal
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shoh Asano
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Bound
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Hart
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chanyoung Park
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Martinez
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ken Dower
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shaomin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nayden Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Stefan D Holubar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott R Steele
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kellie M Kravarik
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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2
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Fabre T, Barron AMS, Christensen SM, Asano S, Bound K, Lech MP, Wadsworth MH, Chen X, Wang C, Wang J, McMahon J, Schlerman F, White A, Kravarik KM, Fisher AJ, Borthwick LA, Hart KM, Henderson NC, Wynn TA, Dower K. Identification of a broadly fibrogenic macrophage subset induced by type 3 inflammation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd8945. [PMID: 37027478 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central orchestrators of the tissue response to injury, with distinct macrophage activation states playing key roles in fibrosis progression and resolution. Identifying key macrophage populations found in human fibrotic tissues could lead to new treatments for fibrosis. Here, we used human liver and lung single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to identify a subset of CD9+TREM2+ macrophages that express SPP1, GPNMB, FABP5, and CD63. In both human and murine hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis, these macrophages were enriched at the outside edges of scarring and adjacent to activated mesenchymal cells. Neutrophils expressing MMP9, which participates in the activation of TGF-β1, and the type 3 cytokines GM-CSF and IL-17A coclustered with these macrophages. In vitro, GM-CSF, IL-17A, and TGF-β1 drive the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages expressing scar-associated markers. Such differentiated cells could degrade collagen IV but not collagen I and promote TGF-β1-induced collagen I deposition by activated mesenchymal cells. In murine models blocking GM-CSF, IL-17A or TGF-β1 reduced scar-associated macrophage expansion and hepatic or pulmonary fibrosis. Our work identifies a highly specific macrophage population to which we assign a profibrotic role across species and tissues. It further provides a strategy for unbiased discovery, triage, and preclinical validation of therapeutic targets based on this fibrogenic macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ju Wang
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Fisher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Mukherjee PK, Nguyen QT, Li J, Zhao S, Christensen SM, West GA, Chandra J, Gordon IO, Lin S, Wang J, Mao R, Czarnecki D, Rayan C, Kotak P, Plesec T, Lal S, Fabre T, Asano S, Bound K, Hart K, Park C, Martinez R, Dower K, Wynn TA, Hu S, Naydenov N, Decaris M, Turner S, Holubar SD, Steele SR, Fiocchi C, Ivanov AI, Kravarik KM, Rieder F. Stricturing Crohn's disease single-cell RNA sequencing reveals fibroblast heterogeneity and intercellular interactions. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.534781. [PMID: 37066202 PMCID: PMC10103967 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.534781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts play a key role in stricture formation in Crohn's disease (CD) but understanding it's pathogenesis requires a systems-level investigation to uncover new treatment targets. We studied full thickness CD tissues to characterize fibroblast heterogeneity and function by generating the first single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) atlas of strictured bowel and providing proof of principle for therapeutic target validation. Methods We performed scRNAseq of 13 fresh full thickness CD resections containing non-involved, inflamed non-strictured, and strictured segments as well as 7 normal non-CD bowel segments. Each segment was separated into mucosa/submucosa or muscularis propria and analyzed separately for a total of 99 tissue samples and 409,001 cells. We validated cadherin-11 (CDH11) as a potential therapeutic target by using whole tissues, isolated intestinal cells, NanoString nCounter, next generation sequencing, proteomics and animal models. Results Our integrated dataset revealed fibroblast heterogeneity in strictured CD with the majority of stricture-selective changes detected in the mucosa/submucosa, but not the muscle layer. Cell-cell interaction modeling revealed CXCL14+ as well as MMP/WNT5A+ fibroblasts displaying a central signaling role in CD strictures. CDH11, a fibroblast cell-cell adhesion molecule, was broadly expressed and upregulated, and its pro-fibrotic function was validated by NanoString nCounter, RNA sequencing, tissue target expression, in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments, proteomics, and two animal models of experimental colitis. Conclusion A full-thickness bowel scRNAseq atlas revealed previously unrecognized fibroblast heterogeneity and interactions in CD strictures and CDH11 was validated as a potential therapeutic target. These results provide a new resource for a better understanding of CD stricture formation and opens potential therapeutic developments.
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4
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Laky K, Kinard JL, Li JM, Moore IN, Lack J, Fischer ER, Kabat J, Latanich R, Zachos NC, Limkar AR, Weissler KA, Thompson RW, Wynn TA, Dietz HC, Guerrerio AL, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Epithelial-intrinsic defects in TGFβR signaling drive local allergic inflammation manifesting as eosinophilic esophagitis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9940. [PMID: 36608150 PMCID: PMC10106118 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a global health challenge. Individuals harboring loss-of-function variants in transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβR) genes have an increased prevalence of allergic disorders, including eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergic diseases typically localize to mucosal barriers, implicating epithelial dysfunction as a cardinal feature of allergic disease. Here, we describe an essential role for TGFβ in the control of tissue-specific immune homeostasis that provides mechanistic insight into these clinical associations. Mice expressing a TGFβR1 loss-of-function variant identified in atopic patients spontaneously develop disease that clinically, immunologically, histologically, and transcriptionally recapitulates eosinophilic esophagitis. In vivo and in vitro, TGFβR1 variant-expressing epithelial cells are hyperproliferative, fail to differentiate properly, and overexpress innate proinflammatory mediators, which persist in the absence of lymphocytes or external allergens. Together, our results support the concept that TGFβ plays a fundamental, nonredundant, epithelial cell-intrinsic role in controlling tissue-specific allergic inflammation that is independent of its role in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Laky
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica L Kinard
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny Min Li
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Fischer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel Latanich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ajinkya R Limkar
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine A Weissler
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anthony L Guerrerio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Chen Y, Seo JK, Sun Y, Wynn TA, Olguin M, Zhang M, Wang J, Xi S, Du Y, Yuan K, Chen W, Fisher AC, Wang M, Feng Z, Gracia J, Huang L, Du S, Gao HJ, Meng YS, Xu ZJ. Enhanced oxygen evolution over dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5510. [PMID: 36127321 PMCID: PMC9489709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts is of paramount importance to oxygen evolution, a sluggish anodic reaction that provides essential electrons and protons for various electrochemical processes, such as hydrogen generation. Here, we report that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be efficiently catalyzed by cobalt tetrahedra, which are stabilized over the surface of a Swedenborgite-type YBCo4O7 material. We reveal that the surface of YBaCo4O7 possesses strong resilience towards structural amorphization during OER, which originates from its distinctive structural evolution toward electrochemical oxidation. The bulk of YBaCo4O7 composes of corner-sharing only CoO4 tetrahedra, which can flexibly alter their positions to accommodate the insertion of interstitial oxygen ions and mediate the stress during the electrochemical oxidation. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the OER is efficiently catalyzed by a binuclear active site of dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra, which have a coordination number switching between 3 and 4 during the reaction. We expect that the reported active structural motif of dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra in this study could enable further development of compounds for catalyzing the OER. Efficient oxygen evolution relies on the development of promising catalysts. Herein, the authors demonstrate that cobalt tetrahedra, stabilized over the surface of YBCo4O7 material, can catalyze oxygen evolution reaction efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.,Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Joon Kyo Seo
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanmiao Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marco Olguin
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jingxian Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Kaidi Yuan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Adrian C Fisher
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jose Gracia
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, Alicante, 03012, Spain
| | - Li Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. .,The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore. .,Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. .,Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Jaeger N, Gamini R, Cella M, Schettini JL, Bugatti M, Zhao S, Rosadini CV, Esaulova E, Di Luccia B, Kinnett B, Vermi W, Artyomov MN, Wynn TA, Xavier RJ, Jelinsky SA, Colonna M. Heterogeneity of human intestinal intraepithelial T cells and their abnormal distribution in Crohn’s disease revealed at high resolution. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.17.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammation of intestinal segments caused by dysregulated interaction between microbiome and gut immune system. Recurrent/relapsing CD and resistance to medical treatments result in complications requiring surgery. High-dimensional single-cell profiling approaches, such as scRNA-seq and mass cytometry, have been recently performed on intestinal specimens from patients with IBD and controls. However, most of these studies have analyzed whole mucosal biopsies or the lamina propria (LP) compartment, while few have addressed the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) compartment. Here, we profiled T cells purified from the IEL and LP from terminal ileum resections of adult severe CD cases by single cell technologies. Our study defined a vast heterogeneity of T cell lineages in the IEL compartment. IEL included, among others, unique γδT cell subsets: NKp30+γδ T cells expressing RORγt, which produced IL-26 upon NKp30 engagement and a subset expressing PDGFD and CSF1, which may act on epithelial cells, IEL ILC1s, and macrophages, respectively. We have also observed long-lived memory TCF7+CD8+ T cells expressing DC chemoattractants and TFH subsets that may respond to distinct glutathione-conjugated lipids. CD IEL showed a significant increase of activated TH17, coupled with decreased CD8+ T cells, γδT cells, TFH, and Treg. Conversely, the LP showed increased CD8+ T cells and reduced CD4+ T cells with a relative increase of TH17 over Treg/TFH. Results provide an unbiased view of diversity of cell lineages and their functional states in the intestinal mucosa of controls and CD and identify an altered spatial distribution of T cell subsets between the IEL and the LP compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramya Gamini
- 2Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A Wynn
- 2Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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dos Santos Ferreira D, Arora G, Gieseck RL, Rotile NJ, Waghorn PA, Tanabe KK, Wynn TA, Caravan P, Fuchs BC. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis and Fibrogenesis Is Not Altered by Inflammation. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:244-251. [PMID: 33109919 PMCID: PMC7956154 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
METHODS Three groups of mice that develop either mild type 2 inflammation and fibrosis (wild type), severe fibrosis with exacerbated type 2 inflammation (Il10-/-Il12b-/-Il13ra2-/-), or minimal fibrosis with marked type 1 inflammation (Il4ra∂/∂) after infection with S. mansoni were imaged using both probes for determination of signal enhancement. Schistosoma mansoni-infected wild-type mice developed chronic liver fibrosis. RESULTS The liver MR signal enhancement after either probe administration was significantly higher in S. mansoni-infected wild-type mice compared with naive animals. The S. mansoni-infected Il4ra∂/∂ mice presented with little liver signal enhancement after probe injection despite the presence of substantial inflammation. Schistosoma mansoni-infected Il10-/-Il12b-/-Il13ra2-/- mice presented with marked fibrosis, which correlated to increased signal enhancement after injection of either probe. CONCLUSIONS Both MR probes, EP-3533 and Gd-Hyd, were specific for fibrosis in this model of chronic liver disease regardless of the presence or severity of the underlying inflammation. These results, in addition to previous findings, show the potential application of both molecular MR probes for detection and quantification of fibrosis from various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego dos Santos Ferreira
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Gunisha Arora
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Richard L. Gieseck
- Laboratory of Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Ln, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Philip A. Waghorn
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Ln, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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8
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Rimland CA, Tilson SG, Morell CM, Tomaz RA, Lu W, Adams SE, Georgakopoulos N, Otaizo‐Carrasquero F, Myers TG, Ferdinand JR, Gieseck RL, Sampaziotis F, Tysoe OC, Ross A, Kraiczy JM, Wesley B, Muraro D, Zilbauer M, Oniscu GC, Hannan NR, Forbes SJ, Saeb‐Parsy K, Wynn TA, Vallier L. Regional Differences in Human Biliary Tissues and Corresponding In Vitro-Derived Organoids. Hepatology 2021; 73:247-267. [PMID: 32222998 PMCID: PMC8641381 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Organoids provide a powerful system to study epithelia in vitro. Recently, this approach was applied successfully to the biliary tree, a series of ductular tissues responsible for the drainage of bile and pancreatic secretions. More precisely, organoids have been derived from ductal tissue located outside (extrahepatic bile ducts; EHBDs) or inside the liver (intrahepatic bile ducts; IHBDs). These organoids share many characteristics, including expression of cholangiocyte markers such as keratin (KRT) 19. However, the relationship between these organoids and their tissues of origin, and to each other, is largely unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Organoids were derived from human gallbladder, common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and IHBDs using culture conditions promoting WNT signaling. The resulting IHBD and EHBD organoids expressed stem/progenitor markers leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5/prominin 1 and ductal markers KRT19/KRT7. However, RNA sequencing revealed that organoids conserve only a limited number of regional-specific markers corresponding to their location of origin. Of particular interest, down-regulation of biliary markers and up-regulation of cell-cycle genes were observed in organoids. IHBD and EHBD organoids diverged in their response to WNT signaling, and only IHBDs were able to express a low level of hepatocyte markers under differentiation conditions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that differences exist not only between extrahepatic biliary organoids and their tissue of origin, but also between IHBD and EHBD organoids. This information may help to understand the tissue specificity of cholangiopathies and also to identify targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A. Rimland
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Immunopathogenesis SectionLaboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNIAIDNIHBethesdaMD,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Medical Scientist Training ProgramSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Samantha G. Tilson
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Welcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom,Liver Diseases BranchNIDDKNIHBethesdaMD
| | - Carola M. Morell
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Rute A. Tomaz
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Wei‐Yu Lu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal ResearchInstitute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyThe University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Simone E. Adams
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Immunopathogenesis SectionLaboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNIAIDNIHBethesdaMD,Department of Biological SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic Technologies SectionResearch Technologies BranchNIAIDNIHBethesdaMD
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis SectionLaboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNIAIDNIHBethesdaMD
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivia C. Tysoe
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander Ross
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Judith M. Kraiczy
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Brandon Wesley
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniele Muraro
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Welcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriel C. Oniscu
- Edinburgh Transplant CentreRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R.F. Hannan
- Division of Cancer and Stem CellsSchool of MedicineCentre for Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research UnitNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb‐Parsy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis SectionLaboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNIAIDNIHBethesdaMD
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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9
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Marple MAT, Wynn TA, Cheng D, Shimizu R, Mason HE, Meng YS. Local Structure of Glassy Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films: A Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A. T. Marple
- Physical and Life Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Department Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Diyi Cheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ryosuke Shimizu
- Department Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Harris E. Mason
- Physical and Life Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - Y. Shirley Meng
- Department Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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10
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Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. This has clear implications for therapeutic interventions that are designed to capitalize on this inherent plasticity. However, despite substantial progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of fibrosis, a translational gap remains between the identification of putative antifibrotic targets and conversion of this knowledge into effective treatments in humans. Here we discuss the transformative experimental strategies that are being leveraged to dissect the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrosis, and the translational approaches that are enabling the emergence of precision medicine-based therapies for patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Marple MAT, Wynn TA, Cheng D, Shimizu R, Mason HE, Meng YS. Local Structure of Glassy Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films: A Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22185-22193. [PMID: 32818306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is an amorphous solid-state lithium ion conductor displaying exemplary cyclability against lithium metal anodes. There is no definitive explanation for this stability due to the limited understanding of the structure of LiPON. Herein, we provide a structural model of RF-sputtered LiPON. Information about the short-range structure results from 1D and 2D solid-state NMR experiments. These results are compared with first principles chemical shielding calculations of Li-P-O/N crystals and ab initio molecular dynamics-generated amorphous LiPON models to unequivocally identify the glassy structure as primarily isolated phosphate monomers with N incorporated in both apical and as bridging sites in phosphate dimers. Structural results suggest LiPON's stability is a result of its glassy character. Free-standing LiPON films are produced that exhibit a high degree of flexibility, highlighting the unique mechanical properties of glassy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A T Marple
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Department Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Diyi Cheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ryosuke Shimizu
- Department Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Harris E Mason
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Y Shirley Meng
- Department Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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12
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Abstract
Immune tolerance is defined by an active state of immune system unresponsiveness to foreign and self-antigens. Loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens and the resulting overexpression of autoantibodies can lead to tissue injury and development of various autoimmune diseases. In drug development, the goal of newly emerging immune tolerance therapies is to treat autoimmune disorders by restoring the immunoregulatory capacity of the immune system. Development of immune tolerance targets is initiated with the establishment of pharmacological efficacy in relevant disease animal models, followed by their stepwise translation to humans. This review discusses the major challenges to developing tolerance inducing pharmaceutical drugs, including the selection of appropriate disease models to establish efficacy, adequate, and acceptable in vitro and in vivo safety assessments, relevant biomarkers of human safety and efficacy, and finally, some regulatory guidelines to successfully develop immune tolerance therapeutics. [Box: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A Radi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 2253Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 2253Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Tan SY, Kelkar Y, Hadjipanayis A, Shipstone A, Wynn TA, Hall JP. Metformin and 2-Deoxyglucose Collaboratively Suppress Human CD4 + T Cell Effector Functions and Activation-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming. J Immunol 2020; 205:957-967. [PMID: 32641388 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming plays a central role in T cell activation and differentiation, and the inhibition of key metabolic pathways in activated T cells represents a logical approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for treating autoimmune diseases. The widely prescribed antidiabetic drug metformin and the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been used to study the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, respectively, in murine immune cells. Published studies have demonstrated that combination treatment with metformin and 2-DG was efficacious in dampening mouse T cell activation-induced effector processes, relative to treatments with either metformin or 2-DG alone. In this study, we report that metformin + 2-DG treatment more potently suppressed IFN-γ production and cell proliferation in activated primary human CD4+ T cells than either metformin or 2-DG treatment alone. The effects of metformin + 2-DG on human T cells were accompanied by significant remodeling of activation-induced metabolic transcriptional programs, in part because of suppression of key transcriptional regulators MYC and HIF-1A. Accordingly, metformin + 2-DG treatment significantly suppressed MYC-dependent metabolic genes and processes, but this effect was found to be independent of mTORC1 signaling. These findings reveal significant insights into the effects of metabolic inhibition by metformin + 2-DG treatment on primary human T cells and provide a basis for future work aimed at developing new combination therapy regimens that target multiple pathways within the metabolic networks of activated human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Y Tan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Yogeshwar Kelkar
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Arun Shipstone
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - J Perry Hall
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139
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14
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Qiu B, Zhang M, Lee SY, Liu H, Wynn TA, Wu L, Zhu Y, Wen W, Brown CM, Zhou D, Liu Z, Meng YS. Metastability and Reversibility of Anionic Redox-Based Cathode for High-Energy Rechargeable Batteries. Cell Rep Phys Sci 2020; 1:10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100028. [PMID: 33655226 PMCID: PMC7919000 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Great focus has recently been placed on anionic redox, to which high capacities of Li-rich layered oxides are attributed. With almost doubled capacity compared with state-of-the-art cathode materials, Li-rich layered oxides still fall short in other performance metrics. Among these, voltage decay upon cycling remains the most hindering obstacle, in which defect electrochemistry plays a critical role. Here, we reveal that the metastable state of cycled Li-rich layered oxide, which stems from structural defects in different dimensions, is responsible for the voltage decay. More importantly, through mild thermal energy, the metastable state can be driven to a stable state, bringing about structural and voltage recovery. However, for the classic layered oxide without reversible anionic redox, thermal energy can only introduce cation disordering, leading to performance deterioration. These insights elucidate that understanding the structure metastability and reversibility is essential for implementing design strategies to improve cycling stability for high-capacity layered oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P.R. China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seung-Yong Lee
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Haodong Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Craig M. Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6102, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- University of Muenster MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Lead Contact
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15
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Banerjee A, Tang H, Wang X, Cheng JH, Nguyen H, Zhang M, Tan DHS, Wynn TA, Wu EA, Doux JM, Wu T, Ma L, Sterbinsky GE, D'Souza MS, Ong SP, Meng YS. Revealing Nanoscale Solid-Solid Interfacial Phenomena for Long-Life and High-Energy All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:43138-43145. [PMID: 31642661 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Enabling long cyclability of high-voltage oxide cathodes is a persistent challenge for all-solid-state batteries, largely because of their poor interfacial stabilities against sulfide solid electrolytes. While protective oxide coating layers such as LiNbO3 (LNO) have been proposed, its precise working mechanisms are still not fully understood. Existing literature attributes reductions in interfacial impedance growth to the coating's ability to prevent interfacial reactions. However, its true nature is more complex, with cathode interfacial reactions and electrolyte electrochemical decomposition occurring simultaneously, making it difficult to decouple each effect. Herein, we utilized various advanced characterization tools and first-principles calculations to probe the interfacial phenomenon between solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and high-voltage cathode LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2 (NCA). We segregated the effects of spontaneous reaction between LPSCl and NCA at the interface and quantified the intrinsic electrochemical decomposition of LPSCl during cell cycling. Both experimental and computational results demonstrated improved thermodynamic stability between NCA and LPSCl after incorporation of the LNO coating. Additionally, we revealed the in situ passivation effect of LPSCl electrochemical decomposition. When combined, both these phenomena occurring at the first charge cycle result in a stabilized interface, enabling long cyclability of all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Banerjee
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Hanmei Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Ju-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Han Nguyen
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Darren H S Tan
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Erik A Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jean-Marie Doux
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Lu Ma
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George E Sterbinsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Macwin Savio D'Souza
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC) , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC) , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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16
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Yombo DJK, Mentink-Kane MM, Wilson MS, Wynn TA, Madala SK. Heat shock protein 70 is a positive regulator of airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15082-15094. [PMID: 31431507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved molecular chaperones that are ubiquitously expressed in all species to aid the solubilization of misfolded proteins, protein degradation, and transport. Elevated levels of Hsp70 have been found in the sputum, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthma patients and are known to correlate with disease severity. However, the function of Hsp70 in allergic airway inflammation has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of Hsp70 in airway inflammation and remodeling using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. WT and Hsp70 double-knockout (Hsp70.1/.3-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged intratracheally with Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEAs) to induce robust Th2 responses and airway inflammation in the lungs. The lack of Hsp70 resulted in a significant reduction in airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. An analysis of the BAL fluid suggested that Hsp70 is critically required for eosinophilic infiltration, collagen accumulation, and Th2 cytokine production in allergic airways. Furthermore, our bone marrow (BM) transfer studies show that SEA-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production were attenuated in WT mice that were reconstituted with Hsp70-deficient BM, but these effects were not attenuated in Hsp70-deficient mice that were reconstituted with WT BM. Together, these studies identify a pathogenic role for Hsp70 in hematopoietic cells during allergic airway inflammation; this illustrates the potential utility of targeting Hsp70 to alleviate allergen-induced Th2 cytokines, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J K Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - Mark S Wilson
- Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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17
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Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Jiwrajka N, White SD, Karmele EP, Redes J, Vannella KM, Henderson NC, Wynn TA, Hart KM. Fibroblast-specific integrin-alpha V differentially regulates type 17 and type 2 driven inflammation and fibrosis. J Pathol 2019; 248:16-29. [PMID: 30536905 DOI: 10.1002/path.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroproliferative diseases affect a significant proportion of the world's population. Despite this, core mechanisms driving organ fibrosis of diverse etiologies remain ill defined. Recent studies suggest that integrin-alpha V serves as a master driver of fibrosis in multiple organs. Although diverse mechanisms contribute to the progression of fibrosis, TGF-β and IL-13 have emerged as central mediators of fibrosis during type 1/type 17, and type 2 polarized inflammatory responses, respectively. To investigate if integrin-alpha V interactions or signaling is critical to the development of type 2 fibrosis, we analyzed fibroblast-specific integrin-alpha V knockout mice in three type 2-driven inflammatory disease models. While we confirmed a role for integrin-alpha V in type 17-associated fibrosis, integrin-alpha V was not critical to the development of type 2-driven fibrosis. Additionally, our studies support a novel mechanism through which fibroblasts, via integrin-alpha V expression, are capable of regulating immune polarization. We show that when integrin-alpha V is deleted on fibroblasts, initiation of type 17 inflammation is inhibited leading to a deregulation of type 2 inflammation. This mechanism is most evident in a model of severe asthma, which is characterized by a mixed type 2/type 17 inflammatory response. Together, these findings suggest dual targeting of integrin-alpha V and type 2 pathways may be needed to ameliorate fibrosis and prevent rebound of opposing pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Sciurba
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra D White
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erik P Karmele
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Redes
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Sutherland TE, Rückerl D, Logan N, Duncan S, Wynn TA, Allen JE. Ym1 induces RELMα and rescues IL-4Rα deficiency in lung repair during nematode infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007423. [PMID: 30500858 PMCID: PMC6291165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ym1 and RELMα are established effector molecules closely synonymous with Th2-type inflammation and associated pathology. Here, we show that whilst largely dependent on IL-4Rα signaling during a type 2 response, Ym1 and RELMα also have IL-4Rα-independent expression patterns in the lung. Notably, we found that Ym1 has opposing effects on type 2 immunity during nematode infection depending on whether it is expressed at the time of innate or adaptive responses. During the lung migratory stage of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Ym1 promoted the subsequent reparative type 2 response but once that response was established, IL-4Rα-dependent Ym1 was important for limiting the magnitude of type 2 cytokine production from both CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells in the lung. Importantly, our study demonstrates that delivery of Ym1 to IL-4Rα deficient animals drives RELMα production and overcomes lung repair deficits in mice deficient in type 2 immunity. Together, Ym1 and RELMα, exhibit time and dose-dependent interactions that determines the outcome of lung repair during nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E. Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Logan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Hart KM, Fabre T, Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Borthwick LA, Vannella KM, Acciani TH, de Queiroz Prado R, Thompson RW, White S, Soucy G, Bilodeau M, Ramalingam TR, Arron JR, Shoukry NH, Wynn TA. Type 2 immunity is protective in metabolic disease but exacerbates NAFLD collaboratively with TGF-β. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/396/eaal3694. [PMID: 28659437 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common progressive liver disease in developed countries and is the second leading indication for liver transplantation due to the extensive fibrosis it causes. NAFLD progression is thought to be tied to chronic low-level type 1 inflammation originating in the adipose tissue during obesity; however, the specific immunological mechanisms regulating the progression of NAFLD-associated fibrosis in the liver are unclear. To investigate the immunopathogenesis of NAFLD more completely, we investigated adipose dysfunction, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis in mice that develop polarized type 1 or type 2 immune responses. Unexpectedly, obese interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-4-deficient mice (type 1-polarized) were highly resistant to NASH. This protection was associated with an increased hepatic interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signature. Conversely, IFN-γ-deficient mice progressed rapidly to NASH with evidence of fibrosis dependent on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-13 signaling. Unlike increasing type 1 inflammation and the marked loss of eosinophils seen in expanding adipose tissue, progression of NASH was associated with increasing eosinophilic type 2 liver inflammation in mice and human patient biopsies. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and IL-13 signaling attenuated the fibrotic machinery more completely than TGF-β alone in NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Thus, although type 2 immunity maintains healthy metabolic signaling in adipose tissues, it exacerbates the progression of NAFLD collaboratively with TGF-β in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Hart
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joshua C Sciurba
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas H Acciani
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael de Queiroz Prado
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra White
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Genevieve Soucy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. However, a number of setbacks prevent their integration into commercial devices. The main limiting factor is due to nanoscale phenomena occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, ultimately leading to degradation of battery operation. These key problems are highly challenging to observe and characterize as these batteries contain multiple buried interfaces. One approach for direct observation of interfacial phenomena in thin film batteries is through the fabrication of electrochemically active nanobatteries by a focused ion beam (FIB). As such, a reliable technique to fabricate nanobatteries was developed and demonstrated in recent work. Herein, a detailed protocol with a step-by-step process is presented to enable the reproduction of this nanobattery fabrication process. In particular, this technique was applied to a thin film battery consisting of LiCoO2/LiPON/a-Si, and has further been previously demonstrated by in situ cycling within a transmission electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Z Lee
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego;
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21
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Vannella KM, Ramalingam TR, Borthwick LA, Barron L, Hart KM, Thompson RW, Kindrachuk KN, Cheever AW, White S, Budelsky AL, Comeau MR, Smith DE, Wynn TA. Combinatorial targeting of TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 in type 2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:337ra65. [PMID: 27147589 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-25 (IL-25), and IL-33 are important initiators of type 2-associated mucosal inflammation and immunity. However, their role in the maintenance of progressive type 2 inflammation and fibrosis is much less clear. Using chronic models of helminth infection and allergic lung inflammation, we show that collective disruption of TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 signaling suppresses chronic and progressive type 2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis. In a schistosome lung granuloma model or during chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection in the liver, individual ablation of TSLP, IL-25, or IL-33/ST2 had no impact on the development of IL-4/IL-13-dependent inflammation or fibrosis. However, significant reductions in granuloma-associated eosinophils, hepatic fibrosis, and IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were observed when signaling of all three mediators was simultaneously disrupted. Combined blockade through monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment also reduced IL-5 and IL-13 expression during primary and secondary granuloma formation in the lungs. In a model of chronic house dust mite-induced allergic lung inflammation, combined mAb treatment did not decrease established inflammation or fibrosis. TSLP/IL-33 double-knockout mice treated with anti-IL-25 mAb during priming, however, displayed decreased inflammation, mucus production, and lung remodeling in the chronic phase. Together, these studies reveal partially redundant roles for TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 in the maintenance of type 2 pathology and suggest that in some settings, early combined targeting of these mediators is necessary to ameliorate progressive type 2-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Luke Barron
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristen N Kindrachuk
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen W Cheever
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sandra White
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alison L Budelsky
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Michael R Comeau
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Dirk E Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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23
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Singh B, Kasam RK, Sontake V, Wynn TA, Madala SK. Repetitive intradermal bleomycin injections evoke T-helper cell 2 cytokine-driven pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L796-L806. [PMID: 28775096 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are major T-helper cell (Th) 2 cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, using a novel repetitive intradermal bleomycin model in which mice develop extensive lung fibrosis and a progressive decline in lung function compared with saline-treated control mice, we investigated profibrotic functions of Th2 cytokines. To determine the role of IL-13 signaling in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, wild-type, IL-13, and IL-4Rα-deficient mice were treated with bleomycin, and lungs were assessed for changes in lung function and pulmonary fibrosis. Histological staining and lung function measurements demonstrated that collagen deposition and lung function decline were attenuated in mice deficient in either IL-13 or IL-4Rα-driven signaling compared with wild-type mice treated with bleomycin. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that IL-13 and IL-4Rα-driven signaling are involved in excessive migration of macrophages and fibroblasts. Notably, our findings demonstrated that IL-13-driven migration involves increased phospho-focal adhesion kinase signaling and F-actin polymerization. Importantly, in vivo findings demonstrated that IL-13 augments matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9 activity that has also been shown to increase migration and invasiveness of fibroblasts in the lungs during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Together, our findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for Th2-cytokine signaling that includes excessive migration and protease activity involved in severe fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijendra Singh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; and
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; and
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;
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24
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Sampaziotis F, Justin AW, Tysoe OC, Sawiak S, Godfrey EM, Upponi SS, Gieseck RL, de Brito MC, Berntsen NL, Gómez-Vázquez MJ, Ortmann D, Yiangou L, Ross A, Bargehr J, Bertero A, Zonneveld MCF, Pedersen MT, Pawlowski M, Valestrand L, Madrigal P, Georgakopoulos N, Pirmadjid N, Skeldon GM, Casey J, Shu W, Materek PM, Snijders KE, Brown SE, Rimland CA, Simonic I, Davies SE, Jensen KB, Zilbauer M, Gelson WTH, Alexander GJ, Sinha S, Hannan NRF, Wynn TA, Karlsen TH, Melum E, Markaki AE, Saeb-Parsy K, Vallier L. Reconstruction of the mouse extrahepatic biliary tree using primary human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids. Nat Med 2017; 23:954-963. [PMID: 28671689 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of common bile duct (CBD) disorders, such as biliary atresia or ischemic strictures, is restricted by the lack of biliary tissue from healthy donors suitable for surgical reconstruction. Here we report a new method for the isolation and propagation of human cholangiocytes from the extrahepatic biliary tree in the form of extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECOs) for regenerative medicine applications. The resulting ECOs closely resemble primary cholangiocytes in terms of their transcriptomic profile and functional properties. We explore the regenerative potential of these organoids in vivo and demonstrate that ECOs self-organize into bile duct-like tubes expressing biliary markers following transplantation under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice. In addition, when seeded on biodegradable scaffolds, ECOs form tissue-like structures retaining biliary characteristics. The resulting bioengineered tissue can reconstruct the gallbladder wall and repair the biliary epithelium following transplantation into a mouse model of injury. Furthermore, bioengineered artificial ducts can replace the native CBD, with no evidence of cholestasis or occlusion of the lumen. In conclusion, ECOs can successfully reconstruct the biliary tree, providing proof of principle for organ regeneration using human primary cholangiocytes expanded in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Hepatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Olivia C Tysoe
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Sawiak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edmund M Godfrey
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara S Upponi
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Cardoso de Brito
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie Lie Berntsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - María J Gómez-Vázquez
- Cambridge Genomic Services, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Ross
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,University Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Bargehr
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariëlle C F Zonneveld
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne T Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Valestrand
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Negar Pirmadjid
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregor M Skeldon
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Casey
- Department of Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paulina M Materek
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre (BRC) hIPSCs Core Facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten E Snijders
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie E Brown
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Casey A Rimland
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingrid Simonic
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William T H Gelson
- Department of Hepatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,University Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas R F Hannan
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina E Markaki
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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25
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Palacios-Macapagal D, Connor J, Mustelin T, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Davidson TS. Cutting Edge: Eosinophils Undergo Caspase-1–Mediated Pyroptosis in Response to Necrotic Liver Cells. J I 2017; 199:847-853. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Tissue repair after injury is a complex, metabolically demanding process. Depending on the tissue's regenerative capacity and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is generally imperfect, with some degree of fibrosis, which is defined by aberrant accumulation of collagenous connective tissue. Inflammatory cells multitask at the wound site by facilitating wound debridement and producing chemokines, metabolites, and growth factors. If this well-orchestrated response becomes dysregulated, the wound can become chronic or progressively fibrotic, with both outcomes impairing tissue function, which can ultimately lead to organ failure and death. Here we review the current understanding of the role of inflammation and cell metabolism in tissue-regenerative responses, highlight emerging concepts that may expand therapeutic perspectives, and briefly discuss where important knowledge gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Paul Martin
- Schools of Biochemistry and Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Citrin DE, Prasanna PGS, Walker AJ, Freeman ML, Eke I, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Arankalayil MJ, Cohen EP, Wilkins RC, Ahmed MM, Anscher MS, Movsas B, Buchsbaum JC, Mendonca MS, Wynn TA, Coleman CN. Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate. Report of an NCI Workshop, September 19, 2016. Radiat Res 2017; 188:1-20. [PMID: 28489488 DOI: 10.1667/rr14784.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A workshop entitled "Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate" (held in Rockville, MD, September 19, 2016) was organized by the Radiation Research Program and Radiation Oncology Branch of the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to identify critical research areas and directions that will advance the understanding of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) and accelerate the development of strategies to mitigate or treat it. Experts in radiation biology, radiation oncology and related fields met to identify and prioritize the key areas for future research and clinical translation. The consensus was that several known and newly identified targets can prevent or mitigate RIF in pre-clinical models. Further, basic and translational research and focused clinical trials are needed to identify optimal agents and strategies for therapeutic use. It was felt that optimally designed preclinical models are needed to better study biomarkers that predict for development of RIF, as well as to understand when effective therapies need to be initiated in relationship to manifestation of injury. Integrating appropriate endpoints and defining efficacy in clinical trials testing treatment of RIF were felt to be critical to demonstrating efficacy. The objective of this meeting report is to (a) highlight the significance of RIF in a global context, (b) summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of RIF,
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Citrin
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pataje G S Prasanna
- b Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amanda J Walker
- c Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael L Freeman
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Iris Eke
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- e Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Eric P Cohen
- f Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- g Radiobiology Division, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- b Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mitchell S Anscher
- h Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- i Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey C Buchsbaum
- b Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- h Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- k National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C Norman Coleman
- b Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.,j Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Karmele EP, Vannella KM, Kasaian MT, Urban JF, Wynn TA. Abrogation of IL-13Rα2 ameliorates acute inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.65.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-TNFα agents are commonly used for treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet up to 40% of patients are non-responders for unknown reasons. IL13RA2 mRNA was more abundant in mucosal biopsy samples of patients with active IBD who are non-responders compared to responders, serving as a potential predictive marker for non-responsiveness. IL-13Rα2 is a high affinity decoy receptor for IL-13, a cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and wound healing functions. In this study, we hypothesized that TNFα and IL-17 produced during the initiation of IBD induces IL-13Rα2 production that neutralizes the endogenous anti-inflammatory activity of IL-13. Using an acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis, we show that DSS increases the production of both systemic and colonic IL-13Rα2 compared to naive controls. DSS-induced colitis was less severe in Il13ra2−/− mice compared to wild type controls as no shortening in the length of the colon was observed. Histological analysis of the distal colon revealed less goblet cell depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal inflammation in DSS-administered Il13ra2−/− mice compared to DSS-administered wild type mice. However, when Il13ra2−/− mice were infected with the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, the increased IL-13 activity led to significant morbidity during DSS-colitis. Together, these findings suggest that the absence of IL-13Rα2 enhances endogenous IL-13 bioactivity, which protects mice from acute IBD. Yet, results from the nematode infection model suggest this protective activity must be carefully regulated. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-13Rα2 functions as a key regulator of IBD pathogenesis.
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Hart KM, Choy DF, Bradding P, Wynn TA, Arron JR. Accurately measuring and modeling Th2 and Th17 endotypes in severe asthma. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5:91. [PMID: 28275636 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Hart
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F Choy
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chung SI, Horton JA, Ramalingam TR, White AO, Chung EJ, Hudak KE, Scroggins BT, Arron JR, Wynn TA, Citrin DE. IL-13 is a therapeutic target in radiation lung injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39714. [PMID: 28004808 PMCID: PMC5177927 DOI: 10.1038/srep39714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a potentially lethal late adverse event of thoracic irradiation. Prior research indicates that unrestrained TGF-β1 and/or type 2 cytokine-driven immune responses promote fibrosis following radiation injury, but the full spectrum of factors governing this pathology remains unclear. Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a key factor in fibrotic disease associated with helminth infection, but it is unclear whether it plays a similar role in radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Using a mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that IL-13 drives the progression of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Irradiated lungs from wild-type c57BL/6NcR mice accumulated alternatively-activated macrophages, displayed elevated levels of IL-13, and extensive fibrosis, whereas IL-13 deficient mice were resistant to these changes. Furthermore, plasma from irradiated wild-type mice showed a transient increase in the IL-13 saturated fraction of the circulating decoy receptor IL-13Rα2. Finally, we determined that therapeutic neutralization of IL-13, during the period of IL-13Rα2 saturation was sufficient to protect mice from lung fibrosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-13 is a major regulator of radiation-induced lung injury and demonstrates that strategies focusing on IL-13 may be useful in screening for timely delivery of anti-IL-13 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su I Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason A Horton
- Musculoskeletal Science Research Center, Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hudak
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley T Scroggins
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc. MS 231c, 1 DNA way, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 4 Memorial Drive, Room 211C, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Macrophages regulate tissue regeneration following injury. They can worsen tissue injury by producing reactive oxygen species and other toxic mediators that disrupt cell metabolism, induce apoptosis, and exacerbate ischemic injury. However, they also produce a variety of growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF-α, TGF-β, and Wnt proteins that regulate epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation, myofibroblast activation, stem and tissue progenitor cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Proresolving macrophages in turn restore tissue homeostasis by functioning as anti-inflammatory cells, and macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinases regulate fibrin and collagen turnover. However, dysregulated macrophage function impairs wound healing and contributes to the development of fibrosis. Consequently, the mechanisms that regulate these different macrophage activation states have become active areas of research. In this review, we discuss the common and unique mechanisms by which macrophages instruct tissue repair in the liver, nervous system, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and intestine and illustrate how macrophages might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
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Van de Velde LA, Subramanian C, Smith AM, Barron L, Qualls JE, Neale G, Alfonso-Pecchio A, Jackowski S, Rock CO, Wynn TA, Murray PJ. T Cells Encountering Myeloid Cells Programmed for Amino Acid-dependent Immunosuppression Use Rictor/mTORC2 Protein for Proliferative Checkpoint Decisions. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:15-30. [PMID: 27903651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.766238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of T cell proliferation and function by immunoregulatory myeloid cells are an essential means of preventing self-reactivity and restoring tissue homeostasis. Consumption of amino acids such as arginine and tryptophan by immunoregulatory macrophages is one pathway that suppresses local T cell proliferation. Using a reduced complexity in vitro macrophage-T cell co-culture system, we show that macrophage arginase-1 is the only factor required by M2 macrophages to block T cells in G1, and this effect is mediated by l-arginine elimination rather than metabolite generation. Tracking how T cells adjust their metabolism when deprived of arginine revealed the significance of macrophage-mediated arginine deprivation to T cells. We found mTORC1 activity was unaffected in the initial G1 block. After 2 days of arginine deprivation, mTORC1 activity declined paralleling a selective down-regulation of SREBP target gene expression, whereas mRNAs involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and T cell activation were unaffected. Cell cycle arrest was reversible at any point by exogenous arginine, suggesting starved T cells remain poised awaiting nutrients. Arginine deprivation-induced cell cycle arrest was mediated in part by Rictor/mTORC2, providing evidence that this nutrient recognition pathway is a central component of how T cells measure environmental arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amber M Smith
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases.,Immunology, and
| | - Luke Barron
- the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases.,Immunology, and
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 and
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A Wynn
- the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter J Murray
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases, .,Immunology, and
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Soucy K, Fairhurst RM, Lynn GM, Fomalont K, Wynn TA, Siegel RM. Breaking the Mold: Partnering with the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program to Accelerate PhD Training. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:813-815. [PMID: 27838188 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunology is an increasingly interdisciplinary field. Here we describe a new model for interinstitutional graduate training as partnerships between complementary laboratories. This collaborative model reduces time to graduation without compromising productivity or alumni outcomes. We offer our experience with one such program and thoughts on the ingredients for their success. Despite tremendous recent advances in technology, communications, and the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new diagnostics and therapies for human diseases, graduate training in immunology and other areas of biomedical research in the United States has remained remarkably unchanged since the early 20th century, with coursework and laboratory rotations taking up much of the first 2 years, and a single mentor shepherding the student through a research project over 3 or more subsequent years. The time to graduation still averages more than 6 years in the biomedical sciences field (http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsf16300/), with uncertain benefit of this extended time to research productivity and career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Soucy
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Lynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Fomalont
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Psachoulia K, Chamberlain KA, Heo D, Davis SE, Paskus JD, Nanescu SE, Dupree JL, Wynn TA, Huang JK. IL4I1 augments CNS remyelination and axonal protection by modulating T cell driven inflammation. Brain 2016; 139:3121-3136. [PMID: 27797811 PMCID: PMC5382940 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SEE PLUCHINO AND PERUZZOTTI-JAMETTI DOI101093/AWW266 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: Myelin regeneration (remyelination) is a spontaneous process that occurs following central nervous system demyelination. However, for reasons that remain poorly understood, remyelination fails in the progressive phase of multiple sclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that alternatively activated macrophages in central nervous system lesions are required for oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes. Here, we show that an alternatively activated macrophage secreted enzyme, interleukin-four induced one (IL4I1), is upregulated at the onset of inflammation resolution and remyelination in mouse central nervous system lesions after lysolecithin-induced focal demyelination. Focal demyelination in mice lacking IL4I1 or interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα) results in increased proinflammatory macrophage density, remyelination impairment, and axonal injury in central nervous system lesions. Conversely, recombinant IL4I1 administration into central nervous system lesions reduces proinflammatory macrophage density, enhances remyelination, and rescues remyelination impairment in IL4Rα deficient mice. We find that IL4I1 does not directly affect oligodendrocyte differentiation, but modulates inflammation by reducing interferon gamma and IL17 expression in lesioned central nervous system tissues, and in activated T cells from splenocyte cultures. Remarkably, intravenous injection of IL4I1 into mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at disease onset significantly reversed disease severity, resulting in recovery from hindlimb paralysis. Analysis of post-mortem tissues reveals reduced axonal dystrophy in spinal cord, and decreased CD4+ T cell populations in spinal cord and spleen tissues. These results indicate that IL4I1 modulates inflammation by regulating T cell expansion, thereby permitting the formation of a favourable environment in the central nervous system tissue for remyelination. Therefore, IL4I1 is a potentially novel therapeutic for promoting central nervous system repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongeun Heo
- 1 Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stephanie E Davis
- 1 Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Paskus
- 1 Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sonia E Nanescu
- 1 Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- 3 Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Huang
- 1 Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Lee MS, Wynn TA, Folven E, Chopdekar RV, Scholl A, Young AT, Retterer ST, Grepstad JK, Takamura Y. Tailoring Spin Textures in Complex Oxide Micromagnets. ACS Nano 2016; 10:8545-8551. [PMID: 27615151 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered topological spin textures with submicron dimensions in magnetic materials have emerged in recent years as the building blocks for various spin-based memory devices. Examples of these magnetic configurations include magnetic skyrmions, vortices, and domain walls. Here, we show the ability to control and characterize the evolution of spin textures in complex oxide micromagnets as a function of temperature through the delicate balance of fundamental materials parameters, micromagnet geometries, and epitaxial strain. These results demonstrate that in order to fully describe the observed spin textures, it is necessary to account for the spatial variation of the magnetic parameters within the micromagnet. This study provides the framework to accurately characterize such structures, leading to efficient design of spin-based memory devices based on complex oxide thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erik Folven
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajesh V Chopdekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Andreas Scholl
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94703, United States
| | - Anthony T Young
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94703, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jostein K Grepstad
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yayoi Takamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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Abstract
Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. After tissue injury, monocytes and macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes to play critical roles during the initiation, maintenance, and resolution phases of tissue repair. Disturbances in macrophage function can lead to aberrant repair, such that uncontrolled production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, deficient generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages, or failed communication between macrophages and epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem or tissue progenitor cells all contribute to a state of persistent injury, and this could lead to the development of pathological fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that instruct macrophages to adopt pro-inflammatory, pro-wound-healing, pro-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-resolving, and tissue-regenerating phenotypes after injury, and we highlight how some of these mechanisms and macrophage activation states could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gieseck RL, Ramalingam TR, Hart KM, Vannella KM, Cantu DA, Lu WY, Ferreira-González S, Forbes SJ, Vallier L, Wynn TA. Interleukin-13 Activates Distinct Cellular Pathways Leading to Ductular Reaction, Steatosis, and Fibrosis. Immunity 2016; 45:145-58. [PMID: 27421703 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroproliferative diseases are driven by dysregulated tissue repair responses and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality because they affect nearly every organ system. Type 2 cytokine responses are critically involved in tissue repair; however, the mechanisms that regulate beneficial regeneration versus pathological fibrosis are not well understood. Here, we have shown that the type 2 effector cytokine interleukin-13 simultaneously, yet independently, directed hepatic fibrosis and the compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes and biliary cells in progressive models of liver disease induced by interleukin-13 overexpression or after infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Using transgenic mice with interleukin-13 signaling genetically disrupted in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or resident tissue fibroblasts, we have revealed direct and distinct roles for interleukin-13 in fibrosis, steatosis, cholestasis, and ductular reaction. Together, these studies show that these mechanisms are simultaneously controlled but distinctly regulated by interleukin-13 signaling. Thus, it may be possible to promote interleukin-13-dependent hepatobiliary expansion without generating pathological fibrosis. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - David A Cantu
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sofía Ferreira-González
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Ramalingam TR, Gieseck RL, Acciani TH, M Hart K, Cheever AW, Mentink-Kane MM, Vannella KM, Wynn TA. Enhanced protection from fibrosis and inflammation in the combined absence of IL-13 and IFN-γ. J Pathol 2016; 239:344-54. [PMID: 27125685 DOI: 10.1002/path.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent or dysregulated IL-13 responses are key drivers of fibrosis in multiple organ systems, and this identifies this cytokine as an important therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which IL-13 blockade leads to the amelioration of fibrosis remain unclear. Because IFN-γ exhibits potent anti-fibrotic activity, and IL-4Rα signalling antagonizes IFN-γ effector function, compensatory increases in IFN-γ activity following IL-13/IL-4Rα blockade might contribute to the reduction in fibrosis. To investigate the role of IFN-γ, we developed novel IL-13(-/-) /IFN-γ(-/-) double cytokine-deficient mice and examined disease progression in models of type 2-driven fibrosis. As predicted, we showed that fibrosis in the lung and liver are both highly dependent on IL-13. We also observed increased IFN-γ production and inflammatory activity in the tissues of IL-13-deficient mice. Surprisingly, however, an even greater reduction in fibrosis was observed in IL-13/IFN-γ double deficient mice, most notably in the livers of mice chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The increased protection was associated with marked decreases in Tgfb1, Mmp12, and Timp1 mRNA expression in the tissues; reduced inflammation; and decreased expression of important pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α. Experiments conducted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to IL-13 and IFN-γ validated the findings with the genetically deficient mice. Together, these studies demonstrate that the reduction in fibrosis observed when IL-13 signalling is suppressed is not dependent on increased IFN-γ activity. Instead, by reducing compensatory increases in type 1-associated inflammation, therapeutic strategies that block IFN-γ and IL-13 activity simultaneously can confer greater protection from progressive fibrosis than IL-13 blockade alone. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Acciani
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allen W Cheever
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Macapagal D, Connor J, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Mustelin TM, Davidson TS. Necrotic liver induces pyroptosis through Caspase-1 in eosinophils. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.56.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During sterile inflammatory reactions damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) are released from necrotic cells and recruit immune cells to the sites of tissue injury. We found that necrotic liver homogenates, when injected intraperitoneally, can recruit large numbers of immune cells. Among these immune cells were activated eosinophils. Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes typically found within tissues of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. While eosinophils are well known to accumulate in the lungs of asthmatics or in response to helminths and parasites, several studies have shown the presence of eosinophils in liver biopsies of drug-induced liver injury, chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis. The prevalence of eosinophilic infiltrates in the liver points to a correlation between infiltration and disease outcome. Our results demonstrated eosinophil activation upon exposure to necrotic liver components. Exposure to necrotic liver cells induced eosinophil degranulation as measured by expression of CD107a and eosinophil peroxidase release as measured by ELISA. Further study of eosinophil activation during necrotic liver exposure showed IL-1β and IL-18 release as well as cell death. All of these responses were dependent upon caspase-1 activation. Caspase-1 mediated cell death accompanied by IL-1β and IL-18 release are hallmarks of pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway. We verified eosinophil pyroptosis in vivo using a liver fibrosis model involving Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Eosinophils extracted from S. mansoni infected livers showed caspase-1 activation and cytokine release indicating that these cells undergo pyroptosis in vivo in response to hepatocyte injury.
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Vannella KM, Ramalingam TR, Hart KM, de Queiroz Prado R, Sciurba J, Barron L, Borthwick LA, Smith AD, Mentink-Kane M, White S, Thompson RW, Cheever AW, Bock K, Moore I, Fitz LJ, Urban JF, Wynn TA. Acidic chitinase primes the protective immune response to gastrointestinal nematodes. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:538-44. [PMID: 27043413 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is known to be induced by allergens and helminths, yet its role in immunity is unclear. Using AMCase-deficient mice, we show that AMCase deficiency reduced the number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells during allergen challenge but was not required for establishment of type 2 inflammation in the lung in response to allergens or helminths. In contrast, AMCase-deficient mice showed a profound defect in type 2 immunity following infection with the chitin-containing gastrointestinal nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. The impaired immunity was associated with reduced mucus production and decreased intestinal expression of the signature type 2 response genes Il13, Chil3, Retnlb, and Clca1. CD103(+) dendritic cells, which regulate T cell homing, were also reduced in mesenteric lymph nodes of infected AMCase-deficient mice. Thus, AMCase functions as a critical initiator of protective type 2 responses to intestinal nematodes but is largely dispensable for allergic responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael de Queiroz Prado
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Sciurba
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke Barron
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Allen D Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret Mentink-Kane
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandra White
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allen W Cheever
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori J Fitz
- Inflammation and Immunity, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wang AJ, Yang Z, Grinchuk V, Smith A, Qin B, Lu N, Wang D, Wang H, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Urban JF, Shea-Donohue T, Zhao A. IL-25 or IL-17E Protects against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Dependent upon IL-13 Activation of STAT6. J Immunol 2015; 195:4771-80. [PMID: 26423151 PMCID: PMC4637252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IL-25 or IL-17E is a member of IL-17 cytokine family and has immune-modulating activities. The role of IL-25 in maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. We investigated the effects of exogenous IL-25 or deficiency of IL-25 on hepatic lipid accumulation. IL-25 expression was examined in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of liver from patients or in the livers from mice. Mouse model of steatosis was induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). Extent of steatosis as well as expression of cytokines, key enzymes for lipid metabolic pathways, markers for Kupffer cells/macrophages, and lipid droplet (LD) proteins, were analyzed. Our results show that hepatic steatosis in mice was accompanied by increased LD proteins, but decreased IL-25 in the liver. Decreased hepatic IL-25 was also observed in patients with fatty liver. Administration of IL-25 to HFD-fed wild-type mice led to a significant improvement in hepatic steatosis. This effect was associated with increased expression of IL-13, development of alternatively activated Kupffer cells/macrophages, and decreased expression of LD proteins in the liver. In contrast, administration of IL-25 to HFD-fed mice deficient in STAT6 or IL-13 had no effects. In addition, stimulation of primary hepatocytes with IL-13, but not IL-25, resulted in downregulation of LD proteins. Finally, mice deficient in IL-25 had exacerbated hepatic lipid accumulation when fed the HFD. These data demonstrate that dysregulated IL-25 expression contributes to lipid accumulation, whereas exogenous IL-25 protects against hepatic steatosis through IL-13 activation of STAT6. IL-25 and IL-13 are potential therapeutic agents for hepatic steatosis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Viktoriya Grinchuk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Allen Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Bolin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Duan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Aiping Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
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Choy DF, Hart KM, Borthwick LA, Shikotra A, Nagarkar DR, Siddiqui S, Jia G, Ohri CM, Doran E, Vannella KM, Butler CA, Hargadon B, Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Thompson RW, White S, Abbas AR, Jackman J, Wu LC, Egen JG, Heaney LG, Ramalingam TR, Arron JR, Wynn TA, Bradding P. T
H
2 and T
H
17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:301ra129. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity promotes antihelminth immunity, suppresses type 1-driven autoimmune disease, neutralizes toxins, maintains metabolic homeostasis, and regulates wound repair and tissue regeneration pathways following infection or injury. Nevertheless, when type 2 responses are dysregulated, they can become important drivers of disease. Type 2 immunity induces a complex inflammatory response characterized by eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL-4-and/or IL-13-conditioned macrophages and T helper 2 (TH2) cells, which are crucial to the pathogenesis of many allergic and fibrotic disorders. As chronic type 2 immune responses promote disease, the mechanisms that regulate their maintenance are thought to function as crucial disease modifiers. This Review discusses the many endogenous negative regulatory mechanisms that antagonize type 2 immunity and highlights how therapies that target some of these pathways are being developed to treat type 2-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0425, USA
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Lajoie S, Lewkowich I, Herman NS, Sproles A, Pesce JT, Wynn TA, Grusby MJ, Hamid Q, Wills-Karp M. IL-21 receptor signalling partially mediates Th2-mediated allergic airway responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:976-85. [PMID: 24807637 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been implicated in the development of Th2-mediated immune responses; however, the exact role it plays in allergic diseases is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the contribution of IL-21 receptor signalling to Th2-dependent immune responses in the lung. METHODS We compared allergic airway responses in wild-type BALB/c and Il21r-deficient mice exposed to local airway challenge with house dust mite (HDM). RESULTS We demonstrate that IL-21R-deficiency reduces HDM-driven airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with only partial effects on airway inflammation. Concomitant with the reduction in AHR in Il21r-deficient mice, significant suppression was observed in protein levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, and IL-13. In contrast, IL-21R-deficiency was associated with an increase in PBS- and allergen-driven IgE levels, while IgG1 and IgG2a levels were decreased. Moreover, our results suggest that IL-21 may contribute to AHR through its ability to both directly induce Th2 cell survival and to impair regulatory T-cell suppression of Th2 cytokine production. Importantly, we show that IL-21-positive cells are increased in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-21 plays an important role in the allergic diathesis by enhancing Th2 cytokine production through multiple mechanisms including the suppression of Treg inhibitory effects on Th2 cell cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lajoie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wang AJ, Smith A, Li Y, Urban JF, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Lu N, Shea-Donohue T, Yang Z, Zhao A. Genetic deletion of IL-25 (IL-17E) confers resistance to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:72. [PMID: 25937893 PMCID: PMC4417544 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-25 is emerging as a key regulator of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa because of its ability to promote type 2 while suppressing Th1 and Th17 responses. Several previous studies reported inconsistent results on the role of exogenous IL-25 in development of colonic inflammation and none were performed in animals with a genetic deletion of IL-25. We investigated the contribution of endogenous IL-25 to DSS-induced colitis using mice deficient in IL-25. RESULTS Mice were exposed to DSS in drinking water ad libitum either for seven days (acute) or for three cycles of seven days with DSS followed by 14 days without DSS (chronic) to induce colitis, respectively. The loss of body weight, appearance of diarrhea and bloody stools, and shortening of colon length were significantly less pronounced in IL-25(-/-) mice compared to WT mice after exposure to acute DSS. Histological examination showed that DSS-treated IL-25(-/-) mice had only mild inflammation in the colon, while severe inflammation developed in DSS-treated WT mice. A significant up-regulation of IL-33 was observed in acute DSS-treated WT but not in the IL-25(-/-) mice. There was significantly lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon of acute DSS-treated IL-25(-/-) compared to WT mice. IL-25(-/-) mice were also partially protected from chronic DSS challenge especially during the first 2 cycles of DSS exposure. In contrast to IL-25(-/-) mice, IL-13(-/-) mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Finally, stimulation of T84 colonic epithelial cells with IL-25 up-regulated the expression of IL-33 and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that endogenous IL-25 acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in DSS-induced colitis, which is unlikely to be mediated by IL-13 but possibly the induction of IL-33 and other pro-inflammatory mediators from colonic epithelial cells. The present study suggests that IL-25 may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in at least a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jiang Wang
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- />Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Allen Smith
- />U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Yanfei Li
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- />U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- />Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- />Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nonghua Lu
- />Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- />Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Aiping Zhao
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Vannella KM, Barron L, Borthwick LA, Kindrachuk KN, Narasimhan PB, Hart KM, Thompson RW, White S, Cheever AW, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA. Incomplete deletion of IL-4Rα by LysM(Cre) reveals distinct subsets of M2 macrophages controlling inflammation and fibrosis in chronic schistosomiasis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004372. [PMID: 25211233 PMCID: PMC4161449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice expressing a Cre recombinase from the lysozyme M-encoding locus (Lyz2) have been widely used to dissect gene function in macrophages and neutrophils. Here, we show that while naïve resident tissue macrophages from IL-4Rαflox/deltaLysMCre mice almost completely lose IL-4Rα function, a large fraction of macrophages elicited by sterile inflammatory stimuli, Schistosoma mansoni eggs, or S. mansoni infection, fail to excise Il4rα. These F4/80hiCD11bhi macrophages, in contrast to resident tissue macrophages, express lower levels of Lyz2 explaining why this population resists LysMCre-mediated deletion. We show that in response to IL-4 and IL-13, Lyz2loIL-4Rα+ macrophages differentiate into an arginase 1-expressing alternatively-activated macrophage (AAM) population, which slows the development of lethal fibrosis in schistosomiasis. In contrast, we identified Lyz2hiIL-4Rα+ macrophages as the key subset of AAMs mediating the downmodulation of granulomatous inflammation in chronic schistosomiasis. Our observations reveal a limitation on using a LysMCre mouse model to study gene function in inflammatory settings, but we utilize this limitation as a means to demonstrate that distinct populations of alternatively activated macrophages control inflammation and fibrosis in chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic injury and inflammation lead to irreversible fibrosis in a range of diseases and infections. Macrophages alternatively activated by the immune system are capable of regulating inflammation and fibrosis, but our understanding of the source and function of these cells is incomplete. Mice genetically engineered to specifically prevent macrophages from becoming alternatively activated have been used to study the cells' role following infection with the parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. To our surprise, we found these mice prevent alternative activation only in macrophages that have had time to mature and some, perhaps more nascent, macrophages can become alternatively activated following exposure to S. mansoni eggs. We detected lower expression of Lyz2 gene in these cells, leading to less expression of the enzyme excising the receptor gene necessary for alternative activation. Following S. mansoni infection, the livers of these mice have similar levels of fibrosis but significantly more inflammation compared to controls. We conclude that during schistosomiasis, distinct populations of alternatively activated macrophages control inflammation and fibrosis: macrophages expressing low levels of Lyz2 express Arg1 and thus are sufficient to control fibrosis, while more mature Lyz2-expressing macrophages are required for downmodulation of egg-induced inflammation in chronic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Vannella
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luke Barron
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lee A. Borthwick
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen N. Kindrachuk
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prakash Babu Narasimhan
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Hart
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Thompson
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sandra White
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allen W. Cheever
- Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thirumalai R. Ramalingam
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Murray PJ, Allen JE, Biswas SK, Fisher EA, Gilroy DW, Goerdt S, Gordon S, Hamilton JA, Ivashkiv LB, Lawrence T, Locati M, Mantovani A, Martinez FO, Mege JL, Mosser DM, Natoli G, Saeij JP, Schultze JL, Shirey KA, Sica A, Suttles J, Udalova I, van Ginderachter JA, Vogel SN, Wynn TA. Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Immunity 2014; 41:14-20. [PMID: 25035950 PMCID: PMC4123412 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3991] [Impact Index Per Article: 399.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing. Like the biblical Tower of Babel, macrophage activation encompasses a panoply of descriptors used in different ways. The lack of consensus on how to define macrophage activation in experiments in vitro and in vivo impedes progress in multiple ways, including the fact that many researchers still consider there to be only two types of activated macrophages, often termed M1 and M2. Here, we describe a set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation-with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios. Collectively, we propose a common framework for macrophage-activation nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Judith E Allen
- Centre for Immunity, Infection, and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore138648, Singapore
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow 7, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1 6JJ, UK
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College, Cornell University, 535 East 70(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Massimo Locati
- University of Milan School of Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- University of Milan School of Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Infectious Diseases, Aix Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13285 Marseille, France
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeroen P Saeij
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 32115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Antonio Sica
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Jill Suttles
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 319 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Irina Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jo A van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Meylan F, Hawley ET, Barron L, Barlow JL, Penumetcha P, Pelletier M, Sciumè G, Richard AC, Hayes ET, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Chen X, Paul WE, Wynn TA, McKenzie AN, Siegel RM. The TNF-family cytokine TL1A promotes allergic immunopathology through group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:958-68. [PMID: 24368564 PMCID: PMC4165592 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family cytokine TL1A (TNFSF15) costimulates T cells and promotes diverse T cell-dependent models of autoimmune disease through its receptor DR3. TL1A polymorphisms also confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we find that allergic pathology driven by constitutive TL1A expression depends on interleukin-13 (IL-13), but not on T, NKT, mast cells, or commensal intestinal flora. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) express surface DR3 and produce IL-13 and other type 2 cytokines in response to TL1A. DR3 is required for ILC2 expansion and function in the setting of T cell-dependent and -independent models of allergic disease. By contrast, DR3-deficient ILC2 can still differentiate, expand, and produce IL-13 when stimulated by IL-25 or IL-33, and mediate expulsion of intestinal helminths. These data identify costimulation of ILC2 as a novel function of TL1A important for allergic lung disease, and suggest that TL1A may be a therapeutic target in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric T. Hawley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Barron
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Pallavi Penumetcha
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Arianne C. Richard
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erika T. Hayes
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Richard M. Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Contact Information: Richard M. Siegel, M.D, Ph.D. Bldg 10 Rm 13C103A, NIH Bethesda MD, 20892, 301-496-3761
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50
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Badalyan V, Thompson R, Addo K, Borthwick LA, Fisher AJ, Ort T, Myers TG, Wynn TA, Ramalingam TR. TNF-α/IL-17 synergy inhibits IL-13 bioactivity via IL-13Rα2 induction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:975-8.e5. [PMID: 24954262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahe Badalyan
- Immunopathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Robert Thompson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kezia Addo
- Immunopathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Janssen R&D Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, Pa
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Immunopathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md.
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