1
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Wollak B, Espinoza D, Dippel AC, Sturm M, Vrljic F, Gutowski O, Nielsen IG, Sheppard TL, Korup O, Horn R. Catalytic reactor for operando spatially resolved structure-activity profiling using high-energy X-ray diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:571-581. [PMID: 37042662 PMCID: PMC10161877 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, operando measurements probe catalysts in their active state and are essential for revealing complex catalyst structure-activity relationships. The development of appropriate operando sample environments for spatially resolved studies has come strongly into focus in recent years, particularly when coupled to the powerful and multimodal characterization tools available at synchrotron light sources. However, most catalysis studies at synchrotron facilities only measure structural information about the catalyst in a spatially resolved manner, whereas gas analysis is restricted to the reactor outlet. Here, a fully automated and integrated catalytic profile reactor setup is shown for the combined measurement of temperature, gas composition and high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles, using the oxidative dehydrogenation of C2H6 to C2H4 over MoO3/γ-Al2O3 as a test system. The profile reactor methodology was previously developed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and is here extended for operando XRD. The profile reactor is a versatile and accessible research tool for combined spatially resolved structure-activity profiling, enabling the use of multiple synchrotron-based characterization methods to promote a knowledge-based optimization of a wide range of catalytic systems in a time- and resource-efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wollak
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Espinoza
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Sturm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filip Vrljic
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida G Nielsen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Korup
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Horn
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Klag L, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt JD. An Advanced Characterization Toolbox for Selective Olefin Oxidation Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Klag
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Kaiserstr. 12Fakultät für Chemie 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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3
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Das S, Pashminehazar R, Sharma S, Weber S, Sheppard TL. New Dimensions in Catalysis Research with Hard X‐Ray Tomography. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srashtasrita Das
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Reihaneh Pashminehazar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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4
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Weber S, Diaz A, Holler M, Schropp A, Lyubomirskiy M, Abel KL, Kahnt M, Jeromin A, Kulkarni S, Keller TF, Gläser R, Sheppard TL. Evolution of Hierarchically Porous Nickel Alumina Catalysts Studied by X-Ray Ptychography. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105432. [PMID: 35289133 PMCID: PMC8922122 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of hierarchically porous materials usually requires complex experimental procedures, often based around extensive trial and error approaches. One common synthesis strategy is the sol-gel method, although the relation between synthesis parameters, material structure and function has not been widely explored. Here, in situ 2D hard X-ray ptychography (XRP) and 3D ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) are applied to monitor the development of hierarchical porosity in Ni/Al2 O3 and Al2 O3 catalysts with connected meso- and macropore networks. In situ XRP allows to follow textural changes of a dried gel Ni/Al2 O3 sample as a function of temperature during calcination, activation and CO2 methanation reaction. Complementary PXCT studies on dried gel particles of Ni/Al2 O3 and Al2 O3 provide quantitative information on pore structure, size distribution, and shape with 3D spatial resolution approaching 50 nm, while identical particles are imaged ex situ before and after calcination. The X-ray imaging results are correlated with N2 -sorption, Hg porosimetry and He pycnometry pore characterization. Hard X-ray nanotomography is highlighted to derive fine structural details including tortuosity, branching nodes, and closed pores, which are relevant in understanding transport phenomena during chemical reactions. XRP and PXCT are enabling technologies to understand complex synthesis pathways of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 20Karlsruhe76131Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen76344Germany
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schropp
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85Hamburg22607Germany
| | | | - Ken L. Abel
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigLinnéstraße 3Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Maik Kahnt
- MAX IV LaboratoryFotongatan 2Lund225 94Sweden
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X‐ray and Nano Science (CXNS)Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85Hamburg22607Germany
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Centre for X‐ray and Nano Science (CXNS)Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85Hamburg22607Germany
| | - Thomas F. Keller
- Centre for X‐ray and Nano Science (CXNS)Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85Hamburg22607Germany
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of HamburgHamburg20355Germany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigLinnéstraße 3Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 20Karlsruhe76131Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen76344Germany
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5
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Schulte ML, Weber S, Klag L, Grunwaldt JD, Sheppard TL. Synchrotron PXRD deconvolutes nickel particle and support changes in Ni/ZrO 2 methanation catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction deconvolutes support and metal nanoparticle changes during thermal deactivation of Ni/ZrO2 methanation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam L. Schulte
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Linda Klag
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Abel KL, Weber S, Poppitz D, Titus J, Sheppard TL, Gläser R. Correction: Thermally stable mesoporous tetragonal zirconia through surfactant-controlled synthesis and Si-stabilization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26382. [PMID: 36275089 PMCID: PMC9476898 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra90091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Thermally stable mesoporous tetragonal zirconia through surfactant-controlled synthesis and Si-stabilization’ by Ken L. Abel et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 16875–16885, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01459a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken L. Abel
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Poppitz
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Titus
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Abel KL, Weber S, Poppitz D, Titus J, Sheppard TL, Gläser R. Thermally stable mesoporous tetragonal zirconia through surfactant-controlled synthesis and Si-stabilization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16875-16885. [PMID: 35754876 PMCID: PMC9171504 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable, highly mesoporous Si-stabilized ZrO2 was prepared by sol–gel-synthesis. By utilizing the surfactant dodecylamine (DDA), large mesopores with a pore width of ∼9.4 nm are formed. Combined with an NH3-treatment on the hydrogel, a high specific surface area of up to 225 m2 g−1 and pore volume up to 0.46 cm3 g−1 are obtained after calcination at 973 K. The individual contributions of Si-addition, DDA surfactant and the NH3-treatment on the resulting pore system were studied by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electron tomography was applied to visualize and investigate the mesopore network in 3D space. While Si prevents the growth of ZrO2 crystallites and stabilizes the t-ZrO2 phase, DDA generates a homogeneous mesopore network within the zirconia. The NH3-treatment unblocks inaccessible pores, thereby increasing specific surface area and pore volume while retaining the pore width distribution. Schematic representation of ZrO2 crystallites; (a) monoclinic ZrO2, (b) tetragonal ZrO2 following Si-stabilization, (c) mesoporous t-ZrO2 following Si-stabilization and use of surfactant dodecylamine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken L. Abel
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Poppitz
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Titus
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04299 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Deschner BJ, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Rabsch G, Grunwaldt JD, Dittmeyer R. Continuous-flow reactor setup for operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy of high pressure heterogeneous liquid-solid catalytic processes. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:124101. [PMID: 34972445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow reactor and a continuous-flow setup compatible with operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were designed for safely studying liquid-phase reactions on solid high atomic number transition metal catalysts (e.g., Au, Pd, and Pt) under pressures up to 100 bars with temperatures up to 100 °C. The reactor has a stainless-steel body, 2 mm thick polyether ether ketone (PEEK) x-ray windows, and a low internal volume of 0.31 ml. The rectangular chamber (6 × 5 × 1 mm3) between the PEEK x-ray windows allows us to perform XAS studies of packed beds or monoliths in the transmission mode at any position in the cell over a length of 60 mm. A 146° wide-angle beam access also allows recording complementary x-ray fluorescence or x-ray diffraction signals. The setup was engineered to continuously feed a single-phase liquid flow saturated with one or more gaseous reactants to the liquid-solid XAS reactor containing no free gas phase for enhanced process safety and sample homogeneity. The proof of concept for the continuous-flow XAS cell and high-pressure setup was provided by operando XAS measurements during the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide at room temperature and 40 bars using a 35 ± 5 mg catalyst (1 wt. % Pd/TiO2) and inline near-infrared spectroscopy. The experiments prove that the system is well suited to follow the reaction in the liquid phase while recording high-quality XAS data, paving the way for detailed studies on the catalyst structure and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J Deschner
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Georg Rabsch
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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Straß‐Eifert A, Sheppard TL, Becker H, Friedland J, Zimina A, Grunwaldt J, Güttel R. Cobalt‐based Nanoreactors in Combined Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis and Hydroprocessing: Effects on Methane and CO
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Selectivity. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Straß‐Eifert
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Henning Becker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Jens Friedland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Robert Güttel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
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10
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Weber S, Batey D, Cipiccia S, Stehle M, Abel KL, Gläser R, Sheppard TL. Hard X-Ray Nanotomography for 3D Analysis of Coking in Nickel-Based Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21772-21777. [PMID: 34339595 PMCID: PMC8518723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding catalyst deactivation by coking is crucial for knowledge-based catalyst and process design in reactions with carbonaceous species. Post-mortem analysis of catalyst coking is often performed by bulk characterization methods. Here, hard X-ray ptychographic computed tomography (PXCT) was used to study Ni/Al2 O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation and CH4 dry reforming after artificial coking treatment. PXCT generated quantitative 3D maps of local electron density at ca. 80 nm resolution, allowing to visualize and evaluate the severity of coking in entire catalyst particles of ca. 40 μm diameter. Coking was primarily revealed in the nanoporous solid, which was not detectable in resolved macropores. Coke formation was independently confirmed by operando Raman spectroscopy. PXCT is highlighted as an emerging characterization tool for nanoscale identification, co-localization, and potentially quantification of deactivation phenomena in 3D space within entire catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Darren Batey
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusFermi AveDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Dept. of Medical Physics & Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonMalet Place, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ken L. Abel
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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11
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Alizadehfanaloo S, Garrevoet J, Seyrich M, Murzin V, Becher J, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt JD, Schroer CG, Schropp A. Tracking dynamic structural changes in catalysis by rapid 2D-XANES microscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1518-1527. [PMID: 34475299 PMCID: PMC8415324 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521007074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many processes and materials in heterogeneous catalysis undergo dynamic structural changes depending on their chemical environment. Monitoring such dynamic changes can be challenging using conventional spectroscopic characterization tools, due to the high time resolution required. Here, a high-resolution 2D X-ray camera operating at 50 Hz full-frame rate was synchronized with a QEXAFS monochromator, enabling rapid spectro-microscopic imaging with chemical contrast over individual pixels. This was used to monitor chemical gradients within a model Pt/Al2O3 catalyst during catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. The transition from methane combustion (partly oxidized Pt) to combustion-reforming and partial oxidation (fully reduced Pt) was observed by a characteristic reduction front, which progressed from the end of the catalyst bed towards its beginning on the second time scale. The full-field QEXAFS imaging method applied here allows acquisition of entire XANES spectra `on the fly' in a rapid and spatially resolved manner. The combination of high spatial and temporal resolution with spectroscopic data offers new opportunities for observing dynamic processes in catalysts and other functional materials at work. The methodology is flexible and can be applied at beamlines equipped with a QEXAFS or other fast-scanning monochromators and a suitable sample environment for gas phase analytics to allow for catalytic studies at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Alizadehfanaloo
- CXNS - Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Seyrich
- CXNS - Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Becher
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian G Schroer
- CXNS - Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schropp
- CXNS - Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Kahnt M, Becher J, Brückner D, Fam Y, Sheppard TL, Weissenberger T, Wittwer F, Grunwaldt JD, Schwieger W, Schroer CG. Coupled ptychography and tomography reconstruction of experimental data. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321094964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Sprenger P, Stehle M, Gaur A, Weiß J, Brueckner D, Zhang Y, Garrevoet J, Suuronen J, Thomann M, Fischer A, Grunwaldt J, Sheppard TL. Chemical Imaging of Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Propylene Oxidation: From Model Binary Systems to Complex Multicomponent Systems. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sprenger
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Jana Weiß
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT) Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Bochum 44801 Germany
- Department Physik Universität Hamburg Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
| | - Jussi‐Petteri Suuronen
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Grenoble 38000 France
- Current Address: Xploraytion GmbH Berlin 10625 Germany
| | | | | | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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14
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Straß‐Eifert A, Sheppard TL, Damsgaard CD, Grunwaldt J, Güttel R. Stability of Cobalt Particles In and Outside HZSM‐5 under CO Hydrogenation Conditions Studied by
ex situ
and
in situ
Electron Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Straß‐Eifert
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian D. Damsgaard
- DTU Nanolab and DTU Physics Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej – Building 307 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Robert Güttel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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15
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Stehle M, Sheppard TL, Thomann M, Fischer A, Besser H, Pfleging W, Grunwaldt JD. Spatial activity profiling along a fixed bed of powder catalyst during selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved activity profiling along a fixed bed of powder catalyst during selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein revealed gradients in the gas phase composition and temperature, and thus the reaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Thomann
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Achim Fischer
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Heino Besser
- Institute for Applied Materials - Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Pfleging
- Institute for Applied Materials - Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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16
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Becher J, Sanchez DF, Doronkin DE, Zengel D, Meira DM, Pascarelli S, Grunwaldt JD, Sheppard TL. Chemical gradients in automotive Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts for NOx removal revealed by operando X-ray spectrotomography. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Schropp A, Döhrmann R, Botta S, Brückner D, Kahnt M, Lyubomirskiy M, Ossig C, Scholz M, Seyrich M, Stuckelberger ME, Wiljes P, Wittwer F, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Fam Y, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt JD, Schroer CG. PtyNAMi: ptychographic nano-analytical microscope. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:957-971. [PMID: 32788903 PMCID: PMC7401781 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720008420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ptychographic X-ray imaging at the highest spatial resolution requires an optimal experimental environment, providing a high coherent flux, excellent mechanical stability and a low background in the measured data. This requires, for example, a stable performance of all optical components along the entire beam path, high temperature stability, a robust sample and optics tracking system, and a scatter-free environment. This contribution summarizes the efforts along these lines to transform the nanoprobe station on beamline P06 (PETRA III) into the ptychographic nano-analytical microscope (PtyNAMi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schropp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Döhrmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Botta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maik Kahnt
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 2, SE-225 94 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Lyubomirskiy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Ossig
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Scholz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Seyrich
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Patrik Wiljes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Wittwer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yakub Fam
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, DE-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, DE-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, DE-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian G. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Smitshuysen TEL, Nielsen MR, Pruessmann T, Zimina A, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt J, Chorkendorff I, Damsgaard CD. Optimizing Ni−Fe−Ga alloys into Ni
2
FeGa for the Hydrogenation of CO
2
into Methanol. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. L. Smitshuysen
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Monia R. Nielsen
- DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 307 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Christian D. Damsgaard
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
- DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 307 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
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19
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Yang X, Kahnt M, Brückner D, Schropp A, Fam Y, Becher J, Grunwaldt JD, Sheppard TL, Schroer CG. Tomographic reconstruction with a generative adversarial network. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:486-493. [PMID: 32153289 PMCID: PMC7064113 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a deep learning algorithm for tomographic reconstruction (GANrec). The algorithm uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) to solve the inverse of the Radon transform directly. It works for independent sinograms without additional training steps. The GAN has been developed to fit the input sinogram with the model sinogram generated from the predicted reconstruction. Good quality reconstructions can be obtained during the minimization of the fitting errors. The reconstruction is a self-training procedure based on the physics model, instead of on training data. The algorithm showed significant improvements in the reconstruction accuracy, especially for missing-wedge tomography acquired at less than 180° rotational range. It was also validated by reconstructing a missing-wedge X-ray ptychographic tomography (PXCT) data set of a macroporous zeolite particle, for which only 51 projections over 70° could be collected. The GANrec recovered the 3D pore structure with reasonable quality for further analysis. This reconstruction concept can work universally for most of the ill-posed inverse problems if the forward model is well defined, such as phase retrieval of in-line phase-contrast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yang
- FS-PETRA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maik Kahnt
- FS-PETRA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennis Brückner
- FS-PETRA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Schropp
- FS-PETRA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yakub Fam
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Becher
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian G. Schroer
- FS-PETRA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Doronkin DE, Wang S, Sharapa DI, Deschner BJ, Sheppard TL, Zimina A, Studt F, Dittmeyer R, Behrens S, Grunwaldt JD. Dynamic structural changes of supported Pd, PdSn, and PdIn nanoparticles during continuous flow high pressure direct H 2O 2 synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of mono- and bimetallic supported Pd, PdSn, and PdIn NPs was monitored with a combination of techniques during continuous H2O2 synthesis with H2O2 production rates up to 580 mmolH2O2 gcat−1 h−1.
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21
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Weissenberger T, Leonhardt R, Zubiri BA, Pitínová-Štekrová M, Sheppard TL, Reiprich B, Bauer J, Dotzel R, Kahnt M, Schropp A, Schroer CG, Grunwaldt JD, Casci JL, Čejka J, Spiecker E, Schwieger W. Synthesis and Characterisation of Hierarchically Structured Titanium Silicalite-1 Zeolites with Large Intracrystalline Macropores. Chemistry 2019; 25:14430-14440. [PMID: 31478582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The successful synthesis of hierarchically structured titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) with large intracrystalline macropores by steam-assisted crystallisation of mesoporous silica particles is reported. The macropore topology was imaged in 3D by using electron tomography and synchrotron radiation-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography, revealing interconnected macropores within the crystals accounting for about 30 % of the particle volume. The study of the macropore formation mechanism revealed that the mesoporous silica particles act as a sacrificial macropore template during the synthesis. Silicon-to-titanium ratio of the macroporous TS-1 samples was successfully tuned from 100 to 44. The hierarchically structured TS-1 exhibited high activity in the liquid phase epoxidation of 2-octene with hydrogen peroxide. The hierarchically structured TS-1 surpassed a conventional nano-sized TS-1 sample in terms of alkene conversion and showed comparable selectivity to the epoxide. The flexible synthesis route described here can be used to prepare hierarchical zeolites with improved mass transport properties for other selective oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weissenberger
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Leonhardt
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) &, Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Pitínová-Štekrová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bastian Reiprich
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauer
- Johnson Matthey Catalysts (Germany) GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 43, 96257, Redwitz, Germany
| | - Ralf Dotzel
- Johnson Matthey Catalysts (Germany) GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 43, 96257, Redwitz, Germany
| | - Maik Kahnt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schropp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - John L Casci
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LB, UK
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) &, Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Gentzen M, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Zimina A, Li H, Jelic J, Studt F, Grunwaldt J, Sauer J, Behrens S. Supported Intermetallic PdZn Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO‐Rich Synthesis Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gentzen
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Haisheng Li
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology 471023 Luoyang, Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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23
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Gentzen M, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Zimina A, Li H, Jelic J, Studt F, Grunwaldt JD, Sauer J, Behrens S. Supported Intermetallic PdZn Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO-Rich Synthesis Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15655-15659. [PMID: 31393656 PMCID: PMC6856832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The single-step syngas-to-dimethyl ether (STD) process entails economic and technical advantages over the current industrial two-step process. Pd/ZnO-based catalysts have recently emerged as interesting alternatives to currently used Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3 catalysts, but the nature of the active site(s), the reaction mechanism, and the role of Pd and ZnO in the solid catalyst are not well established. Now, Zn-stabilized Pd colloids with a size of 2 nm served as the key building blocks for the methanol active component in bifunctional Pd/ZnO-γ-Al2 O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by combining high-pressure operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The enhanced stability, longevity, and high dimethyl ether selectivity observed makes Pd/ZnO-γ-Al2 O3 an effective alternative system for the STD process compared to Cu/ZnO/γ-Al2 O3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gentzen
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Haisheng Li
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023, Luoyang, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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24
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Fam Y, Sheppard TL, Becher J, Scherhaufer D, Lambach H, Kulkarni S, Keller TF, Wittstock A, Wittwer F, Seyrich M, Brueckner D, Kahnt M, Yang X, Schropp A, Stierle A, Schroer CG, Grunwaldt JD. A versatile nanoreactor for complementary in situ X-ray and electron microscopy studies in catalysis and materials science. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1769-1781. [PMID: 31490169 PMCID: PMC6732905 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900660x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two in situ `nanoreactors' for high-resolution imaging of catalysts have been designed and applied at the hard X-ray nanoprobe endstation at beamline P06 of the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source. The reactors house samples supported on commercial MEMS chips, and were applied for complementary hard X-ray ptychography (23 nm spatial resolution) and transmission electron microscopy, with additional X-ray fluorescence measurements. The reactors allow pressures of 100 kPa and temperatures of up to 1573 K, offering a wide range of conditions relevant for catalysis. Ptychographic tomography was demonstrated at limited tilting angles of at least ±35° within the reactors and ±65° on the naked sample holders. Two case studies were selected to demonstrate the functionality of the reactors: (i) annealing of hierarchical nanoporous gold up to 923 K under inert He environment and (ii) acquisition of a ptychographic projection series at ±35° of a hierarchically structured macroporous zeolite sample under ambient conditions. The reactors are shown to be a flexible and modular platform for in situ studies in catalysis and materials science which may be adapted for a range of sample and experiment types, opening new characterization pathways in correlative multimodal in situ analysis of functional materials at work. The cells will presently be made available for all interested users of beamline P06 at PETRA III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakub Fam
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg 76131, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg 76131, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden Württemberg 76344, Germany
| | - Johannes Becher
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg 76131, Germany
| | - Dennis Scherhaufer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden Württemberg 76344, Germany
| | - Heinz Lambach
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden Württemberg 76344, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F. Keller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Felix Wittwer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Martin Seyrich
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Maik Kahnt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andreas Schropp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Christian G. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg 76131, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden Württemberg 76344, Germany
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25
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Fam Y, Sheppard TL, Diaz A, Scherer T, Holler M, Wang W, Wang D, Brenner P, Wittstock A, Grunwaldt J. Correlative Multiscale 3D Imaging of a Hierarchical Nanoporous Gold Catalyst by Electron, Ion and X-ray Nanotomography. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:2858-2867. [PMID: 30069248 PMCID: PMC6055843 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic imaging of catalysts allows non-invasive investigation of structural features and chemical properties by combining large fields of view, high spatial resolution, and the ability to probe multiple length scales. Three complementary nanotomography techniques, (i) electron tomography, (ii) focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, and (iii) synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography, were applied to render the 3D structure of monolithic nanoporous gold doped with ceria, a catalytically active material with hierarchical porosity on the nm and μm scale. The resulting tomograms were used to directly measure volume fraction, surface area and pore size distribution, together with 3D pore network mapping. Each technique is critically assessed in terms of approximate spatial resolution, field of view, sample preparation and data processing requirements. Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography produced 3D electron density maps with isotropic spatial resolution of 23 nm, the highest so far demonstrated for a catalyst material, and is highlighted as an emerging method with excellent potential in the field of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakub Fam
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 2076131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Torsten Scherer
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Patrice Brenner
- Center for Functional NanostructuresKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyWolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical ChemistryUniversität Bremen28359BremenGermany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 2076131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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26
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Selinsek M, Deschner BJ, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt JD, Dittmeyer R. Revealing the Structure and Mechanism of Palladium during Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Continuous Flow Using Operando Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, KIT, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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27
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Sheppard TL, Price SWT, Benzi F, Baier S, Klumpp M, Dittmeyer R, Schwieger W, Grunwaldt JD. In Situ Multimodal 3D Chemical Imaging of a Hierarchically Structured Core@Shell Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7855-7863. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephen W. T. Price
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Benzi
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sina Baier
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Klumpp
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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28
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Tofighi G, Lichtenberg H, Pesek J, Sheppard TL, Wang W, Schöttner L, Rinke G, Dittmeyer R, Grunwaldt JD. Continuous microfluidic synthesis of colloidal ultrasmall gold nanoparticles:in situstudy of the early reaction stages and application for catalysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of gold nanoparticles in the first 2–20 ms of the reaction was studiedin situwith XAS using microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tofighi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Henning Lichtenberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Jan Pesek
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Ludger Schöttner
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Günter Rinke
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
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29
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Benzi F, Sheppard TL, Doronkin DE, Meira DM, Gänzler AM, Baier S, Grunwaldt JD. Transient structural and catalytic behaviour of Pt-particles probed by operando spectroscopy during a realistic driving cycle. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00926g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pt catalysts investigated with operando XAS under rapid transient temperature automotive driving cycle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Benzi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | | | - Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Sina Baier
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
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30
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A general strategy for the functional diversification of DNA oligonucleotides under physiological conditions was developed. We describe the synthesis of DNA molecules bearing ketone ports (ketone-DNA) and the efficient postsynthetic decoration of ketone-DNA with structurally diverse aminooxy compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dey
- Department of Chemistry and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Czlapinski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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32
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient method for the site-specific generation of 2-deoxyribonolactone oxidative DNA damage lesions from a "photocaged" nucleoside analogue was developed. A nucleoside phosphoramidite bearing a C-1' nitrobenzyl cyanohydrin was prepared and incorporated into DNA oligonucleotides using automated DNA synthesis. The caged analogue, which was stable in aqueous solution, was converted to the 2-deoxyribonolactone lesion by UV irradiation. DNA containing the caged analogue and the deoxyribonolactone site were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lenox
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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33
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Sheppard TL, Wong CH, Joyce GF. Nucleoglycoconjugates: design and synthesis of a new class of DNA-carbohydrate conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3660-3. [PMID: 11091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Sheppard
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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34
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Abstract
In vitro evolution was used to develop a DNA enzyme that catalyzes the site-specific depurination of DNA with a catalytic rate enhancement of about 10(6)-fold. The reaction involves hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of a particular deoxyguanosine residue, leading to DNA strand scission at the apurinic site. The DNA enzyme contains 93 nucleotides and is structurally complex. It has an absolute requirement for a divalent metal cation and exhibits optimal activity at about pH 5. The mechanism of the reaction was confirmed by analysis of the cleavage products by using HPLC and mass spectrometry. The isolation and characterization of an N-glycosylase DNA enzyme demonstrates that single-stranded DNA, like RNA and proteins, can form a complex tertiary structure and catalyze a difficult biochemical transformation. This DNA enzyme provides a new approach for the site-specific cleavage of DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Sheppard
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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