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Guzman S, Dragan M, Kwon H, de Oliveira V, Rao S, Bhatt V, Kalemba KM, Shah A, Rustgi VK, Wang H, Bech PR, Abbara A, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Manousou P, Guo JY, Guo GL, Radovick S, Dhillo WS, Wondisford FE, Babwah AV, Bhattacharya M. Targeting hepatic kisspeptin receptor ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145889. [PMID: 35349482 PMCID: PMC9106350 DOI: 10.1172/jci145889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, has become a silent worldwide pandemic. The incidence of NAFLD correlates with the rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. A hallmark featureof NAFLD is excessive hepatic fat accumulation or steatosis, due to dysregulated hepatic fat metabolism, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat this disease. Here, we have found that activation of the kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) signaling pathway has therapeutic effects in NAFLD. Using high-fat diet-fed mice, we demonstrated that a deletion of hepatic Kiss1r exacerbated hepatic steatosis. In contrast, enhanced stimulation of KISS1R protected against steatosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice and decreased fibrosis using a diet-induced mouse model of NASH. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic KISS1R signaling activates the master energy regulator, AMPK, to thereby decrease lipogenesis and progression to NASH. In patients with NAFLD and in high-fat diet-fed mice, hepatic KISS1/KISS1R expression and plasma kisspeptin levels were elevated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to reduce triglyceride synthesis. These findings establish KISS1R as a therapeutic target to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | | | - Shivani Rao
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vinod K. Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul R. Bech
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | | | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Y. Guo
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Andy V. Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Zuglianello C, Chamorro A, de Oliveira V, Xavier Jr. F, Lemos-Senna E. Dextran Sulfate/Pramlintide Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles as a Promising Delivery System: Optimization, Evaluation of Supramolecular Interactions and Effect on Conformational Stability of the Peptide Drug. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20210062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the feasibility to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) by assembling pramlintide (Pram) with dextran sulfate (DexS), as a new approach for mucosal peptide delivery. DexS/Pram NPs were prepared by dropwise addition of a Pram solution to a DexS solution under magnetic stirring. The physicochemical characteristics of NPs and molecular interactions involved in the co-assembling were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), isothermal titration microcalorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence quenching, and circular dichroism (CD). DexS/Pram NPs displayed a narrow size distribution (ca. 200 nm), negative zeta potential (ca. −40 mV), association efficiency close to 100%, and nanogel behavior. The assembling with DexS increased the Pram α-helical content, stabilizing the peptide in its bioactive form. The colloidal stability of nanoparticles was dependent on the salt concentration and it could be assumed that peptide release from nanoparticles occurs by dissociation of the complex at physiological conditions.
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de Oliveira V, Schaefer J, Abu-Rafea B, Vilos GA, Vilos AG, Bhattacharya M, Radovick S, Babwah AV. Uterine aquaporin expression is dynamically regulated by estradiol and progesterone and ovarian stimulation disrupts embryo implantation without affecting luminal closure. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:154-166. [PMID: 31977023 PMCID: PMC7103570 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of normal and supraphysiological (resulting from gonadotropin-dependent ovarian stimulation) levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on mouse uterine aquaporin gene/protein (Aqp/AQP) expression on Day 1 (D1) and D4 of pregnancy. The study also examined the effect of ovarian stimulation on uterine luminal closure and uterine receptivity on D4 of pregnancy and embryo implantation on D5 and D7 of pregnancy. These analyses revealed that the expression of Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5 and Aqp8 is induced by E2 while the expression of Aqp1 and Aqp11 is induced by P4. Additionally, P4 inhibits E2 induction of Aqp3 and Aqp4 expression while E2 inhibits Aqp1 and Aqp11 expression. Aqp9, however, is constitutively expressed. Ovarian stimulation disrupts Aqp3, Aqp5 and Aqp8 expression on D4 and AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5 spatial expression on both D1 and D4, strikingly so in the myometrium. Interestingly, while ovarian stimulation has no overt effect on luminal closure and uterine receptivity, it reduces implantation events, likely through a disruption in myometrial activity and embryo development. The wider implication of this study is that ovarian stimulation, which results in supraphysiological levels of E2 and P4 and changes (depending on the degree of stimulation) in the E2:P4 ratio, triggers abnormal expression of uterine AQP during pregnancy, and this is associated with implantation failure. These findings lead us to recognize that abnormal expression would also occur under any pathological state (such as endometriosis) that is associated with changes in the normal E2:P4 ratio. Thus, infertility among these patients might in part be linked to abnormal uterine AQP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Schaefer
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Basim Abu-Rafea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Vilos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelos G Vilos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andy V Babwah
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Maia L, Rimulo I, de Oliveira V, Arvellos J, Costa L, Edwards H, de Oliveira L. Understanding Solvent/Bixin Interactions by Raman Spectroscopy. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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de Oliveira V, Schaefer J, Calder M, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Bhattacharya M, Radovick S, Babwah AV. Uterine Gα q/11 signaling, in a progesterone-dependent manner, critically regulates the acquisition of uterine receptivity in the female mouse. FASEB J 2019; 33:9374-9387. [PMID: 31091422 PMCID: PMC6662978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A nonreceptive uterus is a major cause of embryo implantation failure. This study examined the importance of the Gαq/11-coupled class of GPCRs as regulators of uterine receptivity. Mice were created lacking uterine Gαq and Gα11; as a result, signaling by all uterine Gαq/11-coupled receptors was disrupted. Reproductive profiling of the knockout females revealed that on d 4 of pregnancy, despite adequate serum progesterone (P4) levels and normal P4 receptor (PR) expression, there was no evidence of PR signaling. This resulted in the down-regulation of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2, Kruppel-like factor 15, and cyclin G1 and the subsequent persistent proliferation of the luminal epithelium. Aquaporin (Aqp) 11 was also potently down-regulated, whereas Aqp5/AQP5 expression persisted, resulting in the inhibition of luminal closure. Hypertrophy of the myometrial longitudinal muscle was also dramatically diminished, likely contributing to the observed implantation failure. Further analyses revealed that a major mechanism via which uterine Gαq/11 signaling induces PR signaling is through the transcriptional up-regulation of leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCR 4 (Lgr4). LGR4 was previously identified as a trigger of PR activation and signaling. Overall, this study establishes that Gαq/11 signaling, in a P4-dependent manner, critically regulates the acquisition of uterine receptivity in the female mouse, and disruption of such signaling results in P4 resistance.-de Oliveira, V., Schaefer, J., Calder, M., Lydon, J. P., DeMayo, F. J., Bhattacharya, M., Radovick, S., Babwah, A. V. Uterine Gαq/11 signaling, in a progesterone-dependent manner, critically regulates the acquisition of uterine receptivity in the female mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michele Calder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andy V. Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Moura-Assis A, Afonso MS, de Oliveira V, Morari J, dos Santos GA, Koike M, Lottenberg AM, Ramos Catharino R, Velloso LA, Sanchez Ramos da Silva A, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DEC. Flaxseed oil rich in omega-3 protects aorta against inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress partially mediated by GPR120 receptor in obese, diabetic and dyslipidemic mice models. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 53:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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dos Santos GA, Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, de Oliveira V, Siqueira-Santos ES, Cintra DEC, Castilho RF, Velloso LA, Catharino RR. Identification of compounds from high-fat and extra virgin olive oil-supplemented diets in whole mouse liver extracts and isolated mitochondria using mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2015; 50:951-958. [PMID: 26349651 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a fatty liver disorder that could be improved with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation in diet. We propose the monitoring, in whole mouse liver extracts and in isolated mitochondria, of the absorption of compounds from three different diets: standard (CT), high-fat (HFD) and high-fat supplemented with EVOO (HFSO). Male mice were submitted to one of the following three diets: CT or HFD for 16 weeks or HFD for 8 weeks followed by additional 8 weeks with HFSO. Following this period, liver was extracted for histological evaluation, mitochondria isolation and mass spectrometry analyses. Diets, liver extracts and Percoll-purified mitochondria were analyzed using ESI-MS and the lipidomics approach. Morphological, histological and spectrometric results indicated a decrease in NASH severity with EVOO supplementation in comparison with animals maintained with HFD. Spectrometric data also demonstrated that some compounds presented on the diets are absorbed by the mitochondria. EVOO was shown to be a potential therapeutic alternative in food for NASH. Our results are in accordance with the proposition that the major factor that influences different responses to diets is their composition - and not only calories - especially when it comes to studies on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira
- Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilene S Siqueira-Santos
- Experimental Neurodegeneration Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Experimental Neurodegeneration Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Antunes MV, de Oliveira V, Raymundo S, Staudt DE, Gössling G, Biazús JV, Cavalheiro JA, Rosa DD, Mathy G, Wallemacq P, Linden R, Schwartsmann G, Haufroid V. CYP3A4*22 is related to increased plasma levels of 4-hydroxytamoxifen and partially compensates for reduced CYP2D6 activation of tamoxifen. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:601-17. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the impact of CYP3A4*22 in the formation of endoxifen (EDF) and hydroxytamoxifen (HTF), under different CYP2D6 genotypic backgrounds. Materials & methods: 178 patients were enrolled in the study. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genotyping and tamoxifen (TAM) and metabolites quantification were performed. Results: EDF concentrations were lower in poor (2.77 ng ml-1) and CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers (5.84 ng ml-1), comparing to functional group (EM-F) (10.67 ng ml-1, p < 0.001). HTF and TAM levels were respectively 47 and 53% higher in CYP3A4*22 carriers compared with *1/*1 patients in the whole group. Patients with impaired CYP2D6 metabolism and carriers of CYP3A4*22 had EDF levels comparable to CYP2D6 EM-F group (9.06 and 10.67 ng ml-1, p = 0.247). Conclusion: The presence of CYP3A4*22 might compensate the reduction of EDF concentrations related to CYP2D6 inactivity, especially due to increased HTF concentrations. Original submitted 19 November 2014; Revision submitted 21 January 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venzon Antunes
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2400, 2nd floor, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Feevale, ERS 239, nº 2755, 93352-000, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Suziane Raymundo
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Gössling
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Villanova Biazús
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Cavalheiro
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Geneviève Mathy
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Av E Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Wallemacq
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Av E Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Schwartsmann
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2400, 2nd floor, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Av E Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Antunes MV, Staudt DE, Raymundo S, de Oliveira V, Gössling G, Pirolli R, Biazús JV, Cavalheiro JA, Rosa DD, Schwartsmann G, Linden R. Development, validation and clinical application of a HPLC-FL method for CYP2D6 phenotyping in South Brazilian breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:1084-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Souza Pauli LS, Ropelle ECC, de Souza CT, Cintra DE, da Silva ASR, de Almeida Rodrigues B, de Moura LP, Marinho R, de Oliveira V, Katashima CK, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER. Exercise training decreases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 expression and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:1325-40. [PMID: 24396063 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.264002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays an important role in the control of hepatic glucose production. Insulin resistant states are commonly associated with excessive hepatic glucose production, which contributes to both fasting hyperglycaemia and exaggerated postprandial hyperglycaemia. In this regard, increased activity of phosphatases may contribute to the dysregulation of gluconeogenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is a key protein involved in the control of gluconeogenesis. MKP-3-mediated dephosphorylation activates FoxO1 (a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors) and subsequently promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In this study, we investigated the effects of exercise training on the expression of MKP-3 and its interaction with FoxO1 in the livers of obese animals. We found that exercised obese mice had a lower expression of MKP-3 and FoxO1/MKP-3 association in the liver. Further, the exercise training decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and protein levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and G6Pase). These molecular results were accompanied by physiological changes, including increased insulin sensitivity and reduced hyperglycaemia, which were not caused by reductions in total body mass. Similar results were also observed with oligonucleotide antisense (ASO) treatment. However, our results showed that only exercise training could reduce an obesity-induced increase in HNF-4α protein levels while ASO treatment alone had no effect. These findings could explain, at least in part, why additive effects of exercise training treatment and ASO treatment were not observed. Finally, the suppressive effects of exercise training on MKP-3 protein levels appear to be related, at least in part, to the reduced phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the livers of obese mice.
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Ferreira NF, de Oliveira V, Amaral L, Mendonça R, Lima SS. Analysis of parahippocampal gyrus in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 2003; 61:707-11. [PMID: 14595469 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: Analysis of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) involvement in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) by MR imaging. The simultaneous occurrence of ipsilateral fornix (F) and mamillary body (MB) volume loss was checked also. These findings were correlated with the side of hippocampal involvement, the sex, patient´s age, and the symptoms onset. METHOD: The MR images of 115 patients with HS were studied retrospectively. All the examinations were performed on 1.5 T units (SIGNA, GE, Milwaukee, WI) and included high resolution coronal T2-weighted images (3 mm thickness, 0.6 mm gap). RESULTS: The patient's age ranged between 3.5 and 80 years (mean 34.1); 62 (53.9%) were female and 53 (46.1%) were male. There were HS on the left side in 53 (46.0%), on the right side in 51 (44.3%), and bilateral in 11 (9.7%). In 43 (37.3%) cases there were ipsilateral PHG volume loss and signal hyper intensity on T2-weighted imaging. In 29 (25.2%) cases there were ipsilateral fornix volume loss and in 10 (34.5%) of this there were also ipsilateral MB changes. In abnormal PHG, 23 (53.4%) were on the left side, 17 (39.5%) were on the right side, and 3 (7.1%) were bilateral. There were fornix changes in 15 (34.8%) cases and MB volume loss in 5 (11.6%) cases. Pertinent clinical data were obtained in only 18 (41.8%) of the PHG lesion cases and 11 (61.1%) of these patients had epileptic attacks for more than 20 years before the examination. CONCLUSION: PHG involvement must be investigated in patients with HS and we suggest that the term mesial temporal sclerosis should be used only if there are also changes at this anatomical site.
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