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Connor KA, Spin P, Smith BM, Marshall BR, Calderon GV, Prichett L, Jones VC, Connor R, Cheng TL, Klein LM, Johnson SB. Effect of a Comprehensive School-Based Health Center on Academic Growth in K-8th Grade Students. Acad Pediatr 2024:S1876-2859(24)00116-5. [PMID: 38588789 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School-based health centers (SBHCs) improve health care access, but associations with educational outcomes are mixed and limited for elementary and middle school students. We investigated whether students enrolled in a comprehensive SBHC demonstrated more growth in standardized math and reading assessments over 4 school years versus nonenrolled students. We also explored changes in absenteeism. METHODS Participants were students enrolled in 2 co-located Title I schools from 2015-19 (1 elementary, 1 middle, n = 2480). Analysis of math and reading was limited to students with baseline and postbaseline scores (math n = 1622; reading n = 1607). Longitudinal regression models accounting for within-subject clustering were used to estimate the association of SBHC enrollment with academic scores and daily absenteeism, adjusting for grade, sex, body mass index category, health conditions, baseline outcomes (scores or absenteeism), and outcome pretrends. RESULTS More than 70% of SBHC-enrolled students had math (1194 [73.6%]) and reading 1186 [73.8%]) scores. Enrollees were more likely than nonenrollees to have asthma (39.7% vs 19.6%) and overweight/obesity (42.4% vs 33.6%). Adjusted baseline scores were significantly lower in math and reading for enrollees. Mean change from baseline for enrollees exceeded nonenrollees by 3.5 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 4.8) in math and 2.1 points (95% CI: 0.9, 3.3) in reading. The adjusted rate of decrease in daily absenteeism was 10.8% greater for enrollees (incident rate ratio 0.772 [95% CI: 0.623, 0.956]) than nonenrollees (incident rate ratio 0.865 [95% CI: 0.696, 1.076]). CONCLUSIONS SBHC enrollees had greater health and educational risk but demonstrated more growth in math and reading and less absenteeism than nonenrollees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Connor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Paul Spin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, EVERSANA (P Spin), Milwaukee, Wis.
| | - Brandon M Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Beth R Marshall
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health (BR Marshall), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Gabriela V Calderon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Laura Prichett
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (VC Jones), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Ryan Connor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics (TL Cheng), University of Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Lauren M Klein
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ruth and Norman Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, BR Marshall, GV Calderon, L Prichett, VC Jones, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Division of General Pediatrics (KA Connor, P Spin, BM Smith, GV Calderon, L Prichett, R Connor, TL Cheng, LM Klein, and SB Johnson), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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DiGuiseppi CG, Johnson RL, Betz ME, Hill LL, Eby DW, Jones VC, Mielenz TJ, Molnar LJ, Strogatz D, Li G. Migraine headaches are associated with motor vehicle crashes and driving habits among older drivers: Prospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:791-801. [PMID: 38133994 PMCID: PMC11045178 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine headache is common in older adults, often causing symptoms that may affect driving safety. This study examined associations of migraine with motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and driving habits in older drivers and assessed modification of associations by medication use. METHODS In a multi-site, prospective cohort study of active drivers aged 65-79 (53% female), we assessed prevalent migraine (i.e., ever had migraine, reported at enrollment), incident migraine (diagnosis first reported at a follow-up visit), and medications typically used for migraine prophylaxis and treatment. During 2-year follow-up, we recorded self-reported MVCs and measured driving habits using in-vehicle GPS devices. Associations of prevalent migraine with driving outcomes were estimated in multivariable mixed models. Using a matched design, associations of incident migraine with MVCs in the subsequent year were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Interactions between migraine and medications were tested in all models. RESULTS Of 2589 drivers, 324 (12.5%) reported prevalent migraine and 34 (1.3%) incident migraine. Interactions between migraine and medications were not statistically significant in any models. Prevalent migraine was not associated with MVCs in the subsequent 2 years (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.35), whereas incident migraine significantly increased the odds of having an MVC within 1 year (aOR = 3.27; 1.21, 8.82). Prevalent migraine was associated with small reductions in driving days and trips per month and increases in hard braking events in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest substantially increased likelihood of MVCs in the year after newly diagnosed migraine, indicating a potential need for driving safety interventions in these patients. We found little evidence for MVC risk or substantial changes in driving habits associated with prevalent migraine. Future research should examine timing, frequency, and severity of migraine diagnosis and symptoms, and use of medications specifically prescribed for migraine, in relation to driving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Center for Injury Science and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Guohua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Mielenz TJ, Jia H, DiGuiseppi C, Molnar LJ, Strogatz D, Hill LL, Andrews HF, Eby DW, Jones VC, Li G. Impact of driving cessation on health-related quality of life trajectories. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:13. [PMID: 38302929 PMCID: PMC10835934 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after driving cessation (DC) are thought to decline steeply, but for some, HRQoL may improve after DC. Our objective is to examine trajectories of HRQoL for individuals before and after DC. We hypothesize that for urban drivers, volunteers and those who access alternative transportation participants' health may remain unchanged or improve. METHODS This study uses data from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study, a prospective cohort of 2,990 older drivers (ages 65-79 at enrollment). The LongROAD study is a five-year multisite study and data collection ended October 31, 2022. Participants were recruited using a convenience sample from the health centers roster. The number of participants approached were 40,806 with 7.3% enrolling in the study. Sixty-one participants stopped driving permanently by year five and had data before and after DC. The PROMIS®-29 Adult Profile was utilized and includes: 1) Depression, 2) Anxiety, 3) Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, 4) Physical Function, 5) Fatigue, 6) Pain Interference, 7) Sleep Disturbance, and 8) Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Adjusted (age, education and gender) individual growth models with 2989 participants with up to six observations from baseline to year 5 in the models (ranging from n = 15,041 to 15,300) were utilized. RESULTS Ability to participate in social roles and activities after DC improved overall. For those who volunteered, social roles and activities declined not supporting our hypothesis. For those who accessed alternative transportation, fatigue had an initial large increase immediately following DC thus not supporting our hypothesis. Urban residents had worse function and more symptoms after DC compared to rural residents (not supporting our hypothesis) except for social roles and activities that declined steeply (supporting our hypothesis). CONCLUSIONS Educating older adults that utilizing alternative transportation may cause initial fatigue after DC is recommended. Accessing alternative transportation to maintain social roles and activities is paramount for rural older adults after DC especially for older adults who like to volunteer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma J Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Center for Injury Science and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Haomiao Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Howard F Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Injury Science and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Maxson R, Leland CR, McFarland EG, Lu J, Meshram P, Jones VC. Epidemiology of Dog Walking-Related Injuries among Adults Presenting to US Emergency Departments, 2001-2020. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1577-1583. [PMID: 37057718 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dog walking is a popular daily activity, yet information regarding its injury burden is limited. This study describes the epidemiology of injuries related to leash-dependent dog walking among adults presenting to US emergency departments from 2001 to 2020. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database to identify adults (≥18 yr) presenting to US emergency departments with leash-dependent dog walking-related injuries between 2001 and 2020. Outcomes included annual estimates of injury incidence, injury characteristics, and risk factors for sustaining a fracture or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System sample weights. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2020, an estimated 422,659 adults presented to US emergency departments with injuries related to leash-dependent dog walking. The annual incidence increased more than fourfold during this period ( n = 7282 vs n = 32,306, P < 0.001). Most patients were women (75%) and adults age 40 to 64 yr (47%), with a mean age of 53 ± 0.5 yr. Patients commonly injured their upper extremity (51%) and were injured while falling when pulled or tripped by the leash (55%). The three most common injuries were finger fracture (6.9%), TBI (5.6%), and shoulder sprain/strain (5.1%). On multivariate analysis, fracture risk among dog walkers was higher in adults age ≥65 yr (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8-2.5) and women (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7). Risk of TBI was also elevated among older dog walkers (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.0). CONCLUSIONS Dog walking is associated with a considerable and rising injury burden. Dog owners should be informed of this injury potential and advised on risk-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridge Maxson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Edward G McFarland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jim Lu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Prashant Meshram
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Behavior, Health, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Davis S, Betz ME, Hill LL, Eby DW, Jones VC, Mielenz TJ, Molnar LJ, Strogatz D, Clancy K, Li G, DiGuiseppi CG. Associations of cannabis use with motor vehicle crashes and traffic stops among older drivers: AAA LongROAD study. Traffic Inj Prev 2023; 24:307-314. [PMID: 36939676 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2180736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVC). This study aimed to determine if self-reported past-year cannabis use is associated with MVC or traffic stops among older drivers. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data from a multi-center study enrolling active drivers aged 65-79 years. Data regarding cannabis use, MVC, and traffic stops (i.e., being pulled over by police, whether ticketed or not) within the previous 12 months were collected through participant interviews. Log-binomial regression models examined associations of past-year cannabis use with MVC and traffic stops, adjusting for site and sociodemographic and mental health characteristics. RESULTS Of 2,095 participating older drivers, 186 (8.88%) used cannabis in the past year but only 10 (<0.5%) within an hour before driving in the last 30 days; 11.41% reported an MVC and 9.45% reported a traffic stop. Past-year cannabis users had a higher prevalence of MVC (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.38; 95%CI: 0.96, 2.00; p = 0.086) and traffic stops (aPR = 1.58; 1.06, 2.35; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Past-year cannabis use was associated with increased traffic stops, which are correlated modestly with increased MVC in past studies and may indicate impaired driving performance. We did not find a statistically significant association of past-year cannabis use with MVC, which may indicate limited sustained effects on driving performance from periodic use among older adults, who report rarely driving immediately after use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Health Administration, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Center for Injury Science and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Strogatz
- Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, New York
| | - Kate Clancy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Center for Injury Science and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Carolyn G DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Klein LM, Johnson SB, Prichett L, Abel Y, Connor K, Jones VC. Parent Engagement with a School-Based Health Center Consent Process Predicts Student Attendance and School Transition. J Sch Health 2023; 93:235-240. [PMID: 36418006 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based health centers (SBHCs) fill critical pediatric health care access gaps but typically require parental consent for enrollment. Families' responses to SBHC consent form outreach efforts may reflect broader school engagement. This study investigated whether SBHC consent form return predicted subsequent chronic absenteeism and school transition, indicators of student and family school engagement. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of being chronically absent or transitioning out of a US elementary/middle school (n = 1917) during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 for those who declined SBHC enrollment or did not return a consent form, compared to those who enrolled. RESULTS Compared to enrolled students, those who declined had 78% lower odds of chronic absenteeism [95% CI: 0.09, 0.54]. Families who did not respond had 2.8 times greater odds of their student transitioning out of school [95% CI: 2.15, 3.58] but were no more likely to be chronically absent. CONCLUSIONS Consent form return may predict aspects of broader students and family school engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Klein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura Prichett
- Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yolanda Abel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Education, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katherine Connor
- Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Suite 544, Baltimore, MD 21205
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DiGuiseppi CG, Hyde HA, Betz ME, Scott KA, Eby DW, Hill LL, Jones VC, Mielenz TJ, Molnar LJ, Strogatz D, Li G. Association of falls and fear of falling with objectively-measured driving habits among older drivers: LongROAD study. J Safety Res 2022; 83:96-104. [PMID: 36481041 PMCID: PMC10115437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Falls in older adults are associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk, possibly mediated by driving behavior. We examined the relationship of falls and fear of falling (FOF) with subsequent objectively measured driving habits. METHODS This multi-site, prospective cohort study enrolled 2990 active drivers aged 65-79 (53% female). At enrollment, we assessed falls in the past year and FOF (Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International). Driving outcomes included exposure, avoidance of difficult conditions, and unsafe driving during one-year follow-up, using in-vehicle Global Positioning System devices. RESULTS Past-year falls were associated with more hard braking events (HBE). High FOF was associated with driving fewer days, miles, and trips, driving nearer home and more HBE. Differences were attenuated and not significant after accounting for health, function, medications and sociodemographics. DISCUSSION Differences in objectively measured driving habits according to past-year fall history and FOF were largely accounted for by differences in health and medications. Rather than directly affecting driving, falls and FOF may serve as markers for crash risk and reduced community mobility due to age-related changes and poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Hailey A Hyde
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth A Scott
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia's Injury Control Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Strogatz
- Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia's Injury Control Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Johnson RM, Hill AV, Jones VC, Powell TW, Dean LT, Gilreath TD. Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Selected Health-Related Behaviors and Problems Among Maryland Adolescents. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:935-940. [PMID: 33899564 PMCID: PMC8542051 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211008238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined racial/ethnic inequities in the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and examined the association between ACEs and selected health-related behaviors and problems. Data for this cross-sectional study come from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a statewide survey of high school students (n = 40,188). ACEs included caregiver verbal abuse and household food insecurity, substance use or gambling, mental illness, and involvement with the criminal justice system. We estimated the prevalence of ACEs overall and by race/ethnicity, and then used multiple logistic regression to determine associations between ACEs and emotional/behavioral problems, adjusting for race/ethnicity. Outcome variables included emotional distress, poor school performance, suicidal ideation, fighting, alcohol use, and marijuana use. More than one fifth of students reported each individual ACE. Differences in the prevalence of ACEs by race/ethnicity were statistically significant (p < .001). More than one fourth (25.8%) reported one of the five ACEs, 15.1% reported two, and 15.4% reported three or more. For each ACE, reporting having experienced it (vs. not) was associated with a >30% higher prevalence for each of the outcome variables. Among students who reported three or more ACEs (relative to none), the odds of emotional distress and suicidal ideation were more than 8 times greater. Among Maryland adolescents, ACEs are common, are inequitably distributed by race/ethnicity, and are strongly linked to behavioral health. Findings suggest the need to monitor ACEs as a routine component of adolescent health surveillance and to refocus assessment and intervention toward "upstream" factors that shape adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley V. Hill
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vanya C. Jones
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorraine T. Dean
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Ta Park VM, Suen Diwata J, Win N, Ton V, Nam B, Rajabally W, Jones VC. Promising Results from the Use of a Korean Drama to Address Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors on School Bullying and Mental Health among Asian American College-Aged Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051637. [PMID: 32182641 PMCID: PMC7084599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The limited research on bullying, mental health (MH), and help-seeking for Asian American (ASA) college students is concerning due to the public health importance. Korean drama (K-Drama) television shows may be an innovative approach to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) on bullying. This study examined whether the KAB about school bullying improved after watching a K-Drama and asked participants about their perspectives of using a K-Drama as an intervention. A convenience sample of college students (n = 118) watched a K-Drama portraying school bullying and MH issues. Pre-/post-tests on KAB on bullying were conducted. Interviews (n = 16) were used to understand their experiences with K-Dramas. The mean age was 22.1 years (1.6 SD), 83.9% were female, and 77.1% were ASAs. Many reported experiences with anxiety (67.8%), depression (38.1%), and school bullying victim experience (40.8%). Post-test scores revealed significant differences in knowledge by most school bullying variables (e.g., victim; witness) and MH issues. There were varying significant findings in post-test scores in attitudes and behaviors by these variables. Participants reported that they "love" the drama, felt an emotional connection, and thought that K-Dramas can be an educational tool for ASAs. K-Dramas may be an effective population-level tool to improve health outcomes among ASAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van My Ta Park
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joyce Suen Diwata
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Nolee Win
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Vy Ton
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Waleed Rajabally
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Jones VC, Johnson RM, Borkoski C, Rebok GW, Gielen AC, Soderstrom C, Molnar LJ, Pitts SI, DiGuiseppi C, Hill L, Strogatz D, Mielenz TJ, Betz ME, Kelley-Baker T, Eby DW, Li G. Social Support Moderates the Negative Association Between Reduced Driving and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:1258-1262. [PMID: 31690172 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819884266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When older adults reduce their driving, there can be subsequent decreases in life satisfaction. In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data from the multi-site Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study to examine whether social support moderates the negative association between reduced driving and life satisfaction. The outcome variable was life satisfaction, and the main predictor variable was past-year reduced driving (yes/no). Emotional, instrumental, and informational social support were measured using PROMIS v2.0 (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) items. We used generalized linear regression models to examine how social support moderated the association between reduced driving and life satisfaction. Statistical adjustment for social support attenuated the negative effect of reduced driving on life satisfaction by ~10% for all three types of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C Jones
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - George W Rebok
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl Soderstrom
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha I Pitts
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Linda Hill
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marian E Betz
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Li
- Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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11
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Li G, Andrews HF, Chihuri S, Lang BH, Leu CS, Merle DP, Gordon A, Mielenz TJ, Strogatz D, Eby DW, Betz ME, DiGuiseppi C, Jones VC, Molnar LJ, Hill LL. Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication use in older drivers. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31601189 PMCID: PMC6785868 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use has been studied in a variety of older adult populations across the world. We sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of PIM use in older drivers. Methods We applied the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria to baseline data collected from the “brown-bag” review of medications for participants of the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study to examine the prevalence and correlates of PIM use in a geographically diverse, community-dwelling sample of older drivers (n = 2949). Proportions of participants who used one or more PIMs according to the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria, and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PIM use associated with participant characteristics were calculated. Results Overall, 18.5% of the older drivers studied used one or more PIM. The most commonly used therapeutic category of PIM was benzodiazepines (accounting for 16.6% of the total PIMs identified), followed by nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (15.2%), antidepressants (15.2%), and first-generation antihistamines (10.5%). Compared to older drivers on four or fewer medications, the adjusted ORs of PIM use were 2.43 (95% CI 1.68–3.51) for those on 5–7 medications, 4.19 (95% CI 2.95–5.93) for those on 8–11 medications, and 8.01 (95% CI 5.71–11.23) for those on ≥12 medications. Older drivers who were female, white, or living in urban areas were at significantly heightened risk of PIM use. Conclusion About one in five older drivers uses PIMs. Commonly used PIMs are medications known to impair driving ability and increase crash risk. Implementation of evidence-based interventions to reduce PIM use in older drivers may confer both health and safety benefits. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Howard F Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanford Chihuri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Barbara H Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cheng Shiun Leu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Merle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail Gordon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,The Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,The Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda L Hill
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Jones VC, Kennedy RD, Welding K, Gielen AC, Frattaroli S. The prevalence of fire and CO safety amenities in Airbnb venues that permit smoking - Findings from 17 countries. Prev Med 2019; 123:8-11. [PMID: 30802470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Airbnb hosts rent their homes to guests as an alternative to traditional hospitality settings. Airbnb venues are not uniformly regulated for allowing smoking or requiring fire-safety amenities. This study quantified the reported prevalence of fire-safety amenities in 413,339 Airbnb venues that allow smoking in 43 cities in 17 countries. Proportions of host-reported smoke detectors and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, and those that allow smoking were calculated. Across the entire sample 9.3% (n = 38,525) allowed smoking. An overall evaluation of those venues shows that 46% (n = 17,569) had smoke detectors compared to 64% of the 374,814 venues that do not allow smoking, a statistically significant difference (X2 = 5277 p < 0.01). A similar difference is found between venues that allow smoking and had CO alarms (19%, n = 7176) and the 33% of venues that prohibit smoking (X2 = 3442, p < 0.01). Among this sample, most Airbnb venues that allow smoking are less likely to have safety amenities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C Jones
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, United States; Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, United States.
| | - Ryan D Kennedy
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, United States; Johns Hopkins Institute for Global Tobacco Control, United States
| | - Kevin Welding
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, United States; Johns Hopkins Institute for Global Tobacco Control, United States
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, United States; Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, United States
| | - Shannon Frattaroli
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, United States; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, United States
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13
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Strogatz D, Mielenz TJ, Johnson AK, Baker IR, Robinson M, Mebust SP, Andrews HF, Betz ME, Eby DW, Johnson RM, Jones VC, Leu CS, Molnar LJ, Rebok GW, Li G. Importance of Driving and Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults. J Rural Health 2019; 36:88-93. [PMID: 31022317 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyses compared older drivers from urban, suburban, and rural areas on perceived importance of continuing to drive and potential impact that driving cessation would have on what they want and need to do. METHODS The AAA LongROAD Study is a prospective study of driving behaviors, patterns, and outcomes of older adults. A cohort of 2,990 women and men 65-79 years of age was recruited during 2015-2017 from health systems or primary care practices near 5 study sites in different parts of the United States. Participants were classified as living in urban, surburban, or rural areas and were asked to rate the importance of driving and potential impact of driving cessation. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and driving-related characteristics. FINDINGS The percentages of older drivers rating driving as "completely important" were 76.9%, 79.0%, and 83.8% for urban, suburban, and rural drivers, respectively (P = .009). The rural drivers were also most likely to indicate driving cessation would have a high impact on what they want or need to do (P < .001). After adjustment for sociodemographic and driving-related characteristics, there was a 2-fold difference for rural versus urban older drivers in odds that driving cessation would have a high impact on what they need to do (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.60-2.58). CONCLUSIONS Older drivers from rural areas were more likely to rate driving as highly important and the prospect of driving cessation as very impactful. Strategies to enhance both the ability to drive safely and the accessibility of alternative sources of transportation may be especially important for older rural adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ida R Baker
- Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, New York
| | | | | | - Howard F Andrews
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Marian E Betz
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheng Shiun Leu
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George W Rebok
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guohua Li
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Jones
- The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | - A Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - L Mohamet
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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15
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Kennedy RD, Jones VC. Reducing the dangers of e‐cigarettes for children: opportunities for regulation and consumer education. Med J Aust 2019; 210:118-119. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Kennedy
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD United States
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD United States
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16
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Jones VC, Shields W, Ayyagari R, Frattaroli S, McDonald EM, Gielen AC. Association Between Unintentional Child Injury in the Home and Parental Implementation of Modifications for Safety. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:1189-1190. [PMID: 30304344 PMCID: PMC6583008 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study of pediatric emergency department medical records explores children’s unintentional home injuries and parents’ reports of the cause of the injury, what could have prevented it, and changes made in homes afterward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C. Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wendy Shields
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rajiv Ayyagari
- Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon Frattaroli
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen M. McDonald
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea C. Gielen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Kennedy HR, Jones VC, Gielen A. Reported fire safety and first-aid amenities in Airbnb venues in 16 American cities. Inj Prev 2018; 25:328-330. [PMID: 29735746 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Airbnb helps hosts rent all or part of their home to guests as an alternative to traditional hospitality settings. Airbnb venues are not uniformly regulated across the USA. This study quantified the reported prevalence of fire safety and first-aid amenities in Airbnb venues in the USA. The sample includes 120 691 venues in 16 US cities. Proportions of host-reported smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors, fire extinguishers and first-aid kits were calculated. The proportion of venues that reportedly contained amenities are as follows: smoke detectors 80% (n=96 087), CO detectors 57.5% (n=69 346), fire extinguishers 42% (n=50 884) and first-aid kits 36% (n=43 497). Among this sample of Airbnb venues, safety deficiencies were noted. While most venues had smoke alarms, approximately 1/2 had CO alarms and less than 1/2 reported having a fire extinguishers or first-aid kits. Local and state governments or Airbnb must implement regulations compliant with current National Fire Protection Association fire safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson R Kennedy
- River Hill High School, Howard County Board of Education, Clarksville, Maryland, USA
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gielen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Bostanci Z, Wang X, Ottesen R, Nikowitz J, Jones VC, Springer L, Lai L, Taylor L, Vito CA, Paz IB, Niland J, Kruper L, Yim JH. Abstract P5-22-12: Oncological safety of nipple-areola sparing mastectomy in comparison with skin sparing and total mastectomy: Results from a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p5-22-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nipple-areola sparing mastectomy (NSM) may be offered to some women with breast cancer as an alternative to skin sparing (SSM) or total mastectomy (TM) with excellent cosmetic results and acceptable recurrence risk. The aim of this study is to determine the local/regional recurrence rate of NSM in comparison to SSM and TM at our institution and to determine the factors that may be associated with risk of recurrence. Women who underwent NSM (n=148), SSM (n=660) or TM (n=443) at City of Hope National Medical Center between May 2007 and December 2014 for Stage 0-III breast cancer were identified retrospectively. Exclusions were: women with inflammatory breast cancer and those who had mastectomy for recurrent breast cancer. Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed using Cox regression controlling for age, race/ethnicity, stage, histology, grade, hormone receptor and Her2 receptor status. There were total of 165 NSMs, 704 SSMs and 466 TMs performed for cancer, accounting for the patients with bilateral cancers. The median follow up time was 38, 58 and 55 months for NSM, SSM and TM, respectively. Median (range) age at diagnosis was 49 (23-74) for NSM, 51 (23-90) for SSM and 59 (26-92) for TM. In the NSM group, 76% of patients had invasive ductal cancer (IDC) and 15% had ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS); this was comparable to 73% and 13% in the SSM group and 78% and 9% in the TM group, respectively. The majority of patients who underwent NSM had Stage II disease (45%), which was similar to SSM (43%) and TM (44%). Only 3% of NSM patients had Stage III disease compared to 17% of SSM patients and 29% of TM patients. Most of the patients in all 3 surgical groups received adjuvant chemotherapy (NSM 59%; SSM 52%; TM 51%). Of patients who underwent NSM, 20% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, compared with 29% of SSM patients and 35% of TM patients. The local/regional recurrence rate per breast was 12/165 (7.3%) for NSM, 23/704 (3.3%) for SSM and 11/466 (2.4%) for TM (n=11). Median time to recurrence was 20, 26 and 16 months for NSM, SSM and TM, respectively. Of the NSMs performed only 1 recurrence occurred at the nipple-areolar complex (0.6%), 9 recurrences were at the chest wall (5.5%) and 2 were at the axilla (1.2%). Eight recurrences after NSM had DCIS in addition to IDC at the time of initial diagnosis while 2 had pure DCIS, 1 had pure IDC and 1 had invasive lobular cancer. There were 8 recurrences with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity at the time of initial diagnosis, that converted to ER+, PR-. One third of recurrences after NSM had multifocal disease. There was no significant difference found in adjusted overall survival (p=0.49) and adjusted disease free survival (p=0.10) among NSM, SSM and TM patients. Even though there is higher rate of local/regional recurrence with NSM, there is no difference in overall and disease-free survival at our institution. Presence of DCIS may be an important factor for recurrence. From these data we conclude that NSM is an oncologically acceptable alternative to SSM and TM, with excellent cosmetic results.
Citation Format: Bostanci Z, Wang X, Ottesen R, Nikowitz J, Jones VC, Springer L, Lai L, Taylor L, Vito CA, Paz IB, Niland J, Kruper L, Yim JH. Oncological safety of nipple-areola sparing mastectomy in comparison with skin sparing and total mastectomy: Results from a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-22-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bostanci
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - R Ottesen
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - J Nikowitz
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - VC Jones
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - L Springer
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - L Lai
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - L Taylor
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - CA Vito
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - IB Paz
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - J Niland
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - L Kruper
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - JH Yim
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Breast Cancer Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Parker EM, Lindstrom Johnson SR, Jones VC, Haynie DL, Cheng TL. Discrepant Perspectives on Conflict Situations Among Urban Parent-Adolescent Dyads. J Interpers Violence 2016; 31:1007-25. [PMID: 25535252 PMCID: PMC4587347 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514564064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Parents influence urban youths' violence-related behaviors. To provide effective guidance, parents should understand how youth perceive conflict, yet little empirical research has been conducted regarding parent and youth perceptions of conflict. The aims of this article are to (a) report on the nature of discrepancies in attribution of fault, (b) present qualitative data about the varying rationales for fault attribution, and (c) use quantitative data to identify correlates of discrepancy including report of attitudes toward violence, parental communication, and parents' messages about retaliatory violence. Interviews were conducted with 101 parent/adolescent dyads. The study population consisted of African American female caretakers (n = 92; that is, mothers, grandmothers, aunts) and fathers (n = 9) and their early adolescents (mean age = 13.6). A total of 53 dyads were discrepant in identifying instigators in one or both videos. When discrepancy was present, the parent was more likely to identify the actor who reacted to the situation as at fault. In the logistic regression models, parental attitudes about retaliatory violence were a significant correlate of discrepancy, such that as parent attitudes supporting retaliatory violence increased, the odds of discrepancy decreased. The results suggest that parents and adolescents do not always view conflict situations similarly, which may inhibit effective parent-child communication, parental advice, and discipline. Individuals developing and implementing family-based violence prevention interventions need to be cognizant of the complexity of fault attribution and design strategies to promote conversations around attribution of fault and effective conflict management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise L Haynie
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
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20
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Abstract
Objectives To determine what effect driving cessation may have on subsequent health and well‐being in older adults. Design Systematic review of the evidence in the research literature on the consequences of driving cessation in older adults. Setting Community. Participants Drivers aged 55 and older. Measurements Studies pertinent to the health consequences of driving cessation were identified through a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases. Studies that presented quantitative data for drivers aged 55 and older; used a cross‐sectional, cohort, or case–control design; and had a comparison group of current drivers were included in the review. Results Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Driving cessation was reported to be associated with declines in general health and physical, social, and cognitive function and with greater risks of admission to long‐term care facilities and mortality. A meta‐analysis based on pooled data from five studies examining the association between driving cessation and depression revealed that driving cessation almost doubled the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults (summary odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.61–2.27). Conclusion Driving cessation in older adults appears to contribute to a variety of health problems, particularly depression. These adverse health consequences should be considered in making the decision to cease driving. Intervention programs ensuring mobility and social functions may be needed to mitigate the potential adverse effects of driving cessation on health and well‐being in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford Chihuri
- Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Charles J DiMaggio
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guohua Li
- Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E. Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanya C. Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven R. Lowenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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Jones VC, Gielen AC, Bailey MM, Rebok GW, Gaines JM, Joyce J, Parrish JM. "One of my fears is that physically or mentally, the time will come where I'll be unable to drive anymore. and I'm not looking forward to that": a mixed methods feasibility study to assess older driver's risk impairment. J Appl Gerontol 2013; 32:468-83. [PMID: 25474685 DOI: 10.1177/0733464811427142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-seven older adults were assessed using multiple validated tools. The current study aimed to identify high-, medium-, and low-risk impairment among older drivers and to explore high-risk drivers' reactions to being told their results. Of 67 adults screened from a convenience sample of older drivers, nine high-risk participants, four completed in-depth follow-up qualitative interviews. The quantitative assessment algorithm identified 13% as high risk, 30% as medium risk, and 57% as low risk, and only Trails B distinguished the medium- and high-risk impairment groups. Although the assessment tests did not predict future crash involvement over a 7-month period, four participants in the medium- and high-risk impairment categories had been involved in a crash during the 5 years prior to the study compared with none of those who screened low risk. Only three participants (1 high risk) voluntarily surrendered their driver's licenses after the assessment, and one participant in the in-depth interviews reported that the assessment influenced the decision to stop driving. There may be some benefit in using driving record history and assessment results to determine driving risk impairment level. However, more research is needed to determine the best combination of tools to predict risk level. How to best communicate risk levels remains to be determined, although results from the older drivers in this study underscore the need for great sensitivity when identifying areas of concern about driving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C Jones
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Jones VC, Cho J, Abendschoen-Milani J, Gielen A. Driving habits and risk exposure in older drivers: lessons learned from the implementation of a self-regulation curriculum. Traffic Inj Prev 2011; 12:468-474. [PMID: 21972857 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2011.586448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the development and pilot testing of Seniors on the MOVE (Mature Operators Vehicular Education), a safe driving education program for older adults. The study aims are to describe driving experiences and habits of a community sample of older drivers and to determine whether the program reduces their driving risk exposures. METHODS A 2-group randomized design was used. Fifty-eight participants with an average age of 70 were randomly assigned to the MOVE program or a no treatment control group. MOVE is a 4-session program designed to help older drivers better understand and utilize self-regulation skills for safer driving. Baseline and 4-week follow-up questionnaires were completed by both groups, after which the control group received the MOVE program. RESULTS In the total sample, 14 percent reported having ever been in a traffic crash where someone was injured, and 10 percent reported having received a traffic citation in the past 6 months. Almost one half of the sample (47%) reported thinking about reducing the amount of driving done at night. Nearly one third were thinking about reducing the amount of driving done in unfamiliar places (32%) and the number of miles driven each week (30%). Participants reported most frequently driving between 2 to 10 miles from home, on local roadways, and between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. Based on responses to items that measured such driving habits, a risk exposure score was created by combining driving exposure variables. Participants were categorized into lower and higher driving risk exposure groups at baseline and follow-up. There were no statistical differences in changes in higher or lower risk driving exposure variables when comparing the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the impact of this program on reported driving behaviors yielded null results, descriptions of older drivers' habits and plans are informative. Because many participants were thinking about making changes to their driving habits, and many already had, the need for more effective self-regulation driving safety programs to help with this process is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Abstract
In adolescence, there is a complex interaction among physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developmental processes, culminating in greater risk-taking and novelty-seeking. Concurrently, adolescents face an increasingly demanding environment, which results in heightened vulnerability to injury. In this paper, we provide an overview of developmental considerations for adolescent injury interventions based on developmental science, including findings from behavioural neuroscience and psychology. We examine the role that typical developmental processes play in the way adolescents perceive and respond to risk and how this integrated body of developmental research adds to our understanding of how to do injury prevention with adolescents. We then highlight strategies to improve the translation of developmental research into adolescent injury prevention practice, calling on examples of existing interventions including graduated driver licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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25
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Jones VC, Bradshaw CP, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG, Gielen AC, Cheng TL. A Glimpse into Urban Middle Schools on Probation for "Persistently Dangerous" Status: Identifying Malleable Predictors of Fighting. J Sch Violence 2009; 8:284-300. [PMID: 20300444 PMCID: PMC2840646 DOI: 10.1080/15388220903129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The No Child Left Behind Act requires state boards of education to identify schools that are unsafe. Schools that are identified by measures such as suspension and expulsion rates are subsequently labeled "persistently dangerous." To our knowledge there is no published research that attempts to characterize fighting behavior among youth who may attend schools designated as "persistently dangerous." Two hundred and thirteen sixth grade African American boys and girls attending two urban middle schools on probation for "persistently dangerous" status were examined to investigate differences in demographic characteristics of gender and age and predictor factors of non-parental adult mentorship, parental acceptance of fighting behavior, and peer fighting. These analyses suggest a relationship between the number of peers who fight, youth who believed their parents endorse fighting, and youth without non parental adult mentorship were more likely to fight. This study also indicates that regardless of school status there are modifiable predictors associated with early adolescent fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C. Jones
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 2093, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Cathrine P. Bradshaw
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, suite 831, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Prevention Research Branch, DESPR, NICHD, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd. Rm. 7B13 MSC7510, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Bruce G. Simons-Morton
- Prevention Research Branch, DESPR, NICHD, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd. Rm. 7B13, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Andrea C. Gielen
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, suite 554, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Rm 2055, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Copeland-Linder N, Jones VC, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG, Wright JL, Cheng TL. Factors associated with retaliatory attitudes among African American adolescents who have been assaulted. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 32:760-70. [PMID: 17403911 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (a) To describe attitudes regarding retaliation among adolescents who have been assaulted. (b) To examine assault/event characteristics, personal, parental, and environmental factors associated with the retaliatory attitudes of adolescents who have been assaulted. METHODS African American youth aged 10-15 years presenting to two large urban hospitals with peer assault injury and a parent/caregiver completed interviews in their home after their emergency department visit. RESULTS Multivariate analyses revealed that lower SES, older age, and adolescents' perceptions that their parents support fighting were related to endorsing retaliatory attitudes. Girls who were aggressive were more likely to endorse retaliatory attitudes. However, level of aggression did not impact boys' retaliatory attitudes. Affiliating with aggressive peers influenced the retaliatory attitudes of boys, but did not influence girls' retaliatory attitudes. Overall, youths' perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward fighting had the greatest impact on retaliatory attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward fighting may be a factor in subsequent re-injury among youth. Violence prevention and intervention efforts need to involve components that assess parental attitudes and incorporate strategies to engage parents in violence prevention efforts. In addition, interventions for youth who have been assaulted may need to incorporate some gender-specific components in order to address the unique needs of girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikeea Copeland-Linder
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine & John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Luginbuhl RC, Jones VC, Langley RL. Farmersâ Perceptions and Concerns: The Risks of Driving Farm Vehicles on Rural Roadways in North Carolina. J Agric Saf Health 2003; 9:327-48. [PMID: 14679880 DOI: 10.13031/2013.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on farmers' perceptions of roadway safety and reviews specific and pertinent North Carolina rural road crash data to evaluate their perceptions and concerns. A survey was mailed to 1,357 prospective participants throughout North Carolina. Of these, 656 (48.3%) North Carolina farmers completed and returned the survey. The study revealed that while the majority of respondents took a number of specific safety measures to ensure their safety while driving their tractor on rural roads, most believed that driving their tractor on rural roads was more dangerous than it was five years ago. Few respondents believed that laws governing tractors on rural roads are well known by urban residents. While a majority of the respondents would support a law to mandate the use of a slow-moving vehicle (SMV) emblem on the back of slow-moving farm equipment, a majority also believed that a more effective way to mitigate potential crashes would be to ensure that all farm vehicles had blinking or flashing lights, that diamond-shaped caution signs depicting a tractor were posted on roadways with frequent tractor traffic, and that roadway shoulders were created or widened on roads with heavy farm traffic so that tractors could move off the roadway. Only 22% of respondents felt safe driving their tractor on rural roadways in North Carolina. Most respondents felt that the biggest problem with roadway safety was the lack of respect and increased speed of other drivers. Recent data indicate that in crashes involving farm vehicles, citations were issued to 34% of the non-farm vehicle operators and 24% to farm vehicle operators. For those driving non-farm vehicle who were deemed at fault, 66% were cited for failure to reduce speed. For those driving farm vehicles, the most frequent citation involved the lack of safe movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Luginbuhl
- Agricultural Safety and Health, North Carolina Department of Labor, 4 W. Edenton Street, Raleigh, NC 27601-1092, USA.
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28
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Jones VC, Williams IR, Auger DD, Walsh W, Barton DC, Stone MH, Fisher J. Quantification of third body damage to the tibial counterface in mobile bearing knees. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2001; 215:171-9. [PMID: 11382076 DOI: 10.1243/0954411011533733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen pairs of explanted low contact stress (LCS) tibial interface components: six rotating platform (RP), six meniscal (MN) and two anterior-posterior (AP) glide designs, have been analysed with particular attention paid to the condition of the tibial counterfaces. The average surface roughness, Ra, for the tibial trays ranged from 0.01 to 0.087 micron, significantly greater than the unworn control measurement of 0.008 micron. The scratch geometry analysis showed that the scratch peaks were found to be consistently of a lower aspect ratio than the scratch valleys and under 1 micron in height (average asperity height Rp = 0.52 micron, aspect ratio delta p = 0.01, average asperity depth Rv = 1.10 microns, delta v = 0.05). The largest scratches were 3-4 microns in both Rp and Rv. In vitro tests have shown that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear increases in the presence of counterface scratches perpendicular to the direction of motion. In these explants, the unidirectional motion produced scratches parallel to the direction of sliding which is predicted to produce a smaller increase in UHMWPE wear. Other designs in mobile bearing knees have less constrained motion at the tibial counterface and this has been shown to accelerate wear; it may also lead to a further increase in wear in the presence of third body scratches. It may be possible in future knee designs to reduce this type of wear damage by introducing alternative materials or coatings which are more resistant to scratching and surface roughening.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Jones
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Ma Y, Stern RJ, Scherman MS, Vissa VD, Yan W, Jones VC, Zhang F, Franzblau SG, Lewis WH, McNeil MR. Drug targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall synthesis: genetics of dTDP-rhamnose synthetic enzymes and development of a microtiter plate-based screen for inhibitors of conversion of dTDP-glucose to dTDP-rhamnose. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1407-16. [PMID: 11302803 PMCID: PMC90481 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1407-1416.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An L-rhamnosyl residue plays an essential structural role in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, the four enzymes (RmlA to RmlD) that form dTDP-rhamnose from dTTP and glucose-1-phosphate are important targets for the development of new tuberculosis therapeutics. M. tuberculosis genes encoding RmlA, RmlC, and RmlD have been identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. It is shown here that genes for only one isotype each of RmlA to RmlD are present in the M. tuberculosis genome. The gene for RmlB is Rv3464. Rv3264c was shown to encode ManB, not a second isotype of RmlA. Using recombinant RmlB, -C, and -D enzymes, a microtiter plate assay was developed to screen for inhibitors of the formation of dTDP-rhamnose. The three enzymes were incubated with dTDP-glucose and NADPH to form dTDP-rhamnose and NADP(+) with a concomitant decrease in optical density at 340 nm (OD(340)). Inhibitor candidates were monitored for their ability to lower the rate of OD(340) change. To test the robustness and practicality of the assay, a chemical library of 8,000 compounds was screened. Eleven inhibitors active at 10 microM were identified; four of these showed activities against whole M. tuberculosis cells, with MICs from 128 to 16 microg/ml. A rhodanine structural motif was present in three of the enzyme inhibitors, and two of these showed activity against whole M. tuberculosis cells. The enzyme assay was used to screen 60 Peruvian plant extracts known to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis in culture; two extracts were active inhibitors in the enzyme assay at concentrations of less than 2 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Jones VC, Barton DC, Auger DD, Hardaker C, Stone MH, Fisher J. Simulation of tibial counterface wear in mobile bearing knees with uncoated and ADLC coated surfaces. Biomed Mater Eng 2001; 11:105-15. [PMID: 11352110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A multidirectional pin-on-plate reciprocating machine was used to compare the wear performance of UHMWPE sliding against cast cobalt chrome (CoCr) plates that were either untreated or coated with Amorphous Diamond Like Carbon (ADLC). The test conditions were based on a 1/5 scale model representative of in vivo motion at the tibial counterfaces of unconstrained mobile bearing knees. The average +/- STERR wear rates were 13.78+/-1.06 mm3/Mcycles for the ADLC counterfaces and 0.504+/-0.12 mm3/Mcycles for the control CoCr counterfaces. All of the pins run on the ADLC counterfaces exhibited the same patterns of blistering along the central axis, and severe abrasion elsewhere to the extent that all of the original machining marks were removed after just one week of testing. The average value of friction coefficient was 0.24 for the ADLC counterfaces and 0.073 for the control CoCr counterfaces. The factor of 3.5 increase was statistically significant at p < 0.05. In the tribological evaluation of ADLC coatings for tibial trays in mobile bearing knees, this study shows that this specific Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) ADLC showed significantly poorer frictional and wear performance than uncoated surfaces which was sufficient to negate any potential benefits of improved resistance to third body damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Jones
- Medical and Biological Engineering Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
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Jones VC, Barton DC, Fitzpatrick DP, Auger DD, Stone MH, Fisher J. An experimental model of tibial counterface polyethylene wear in mobile bearing knees: the influence of design and kinematics. Biomed Mater Eng 1999; 9:189-96. [PMID: 10572623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Current designs of mobile bearing knees have different kinematics at the tibial counterface articulation; unidirectional represented by linear tracks and rotating platform designs, and multidirectional represented by reduced constraint designs with motion of the tibial surface in A-P and M-L directions simultaneously. One fifth scale experimental models of the tibial counterface articulation have been developed with mean contact stresses of 0.6 MPa. The unidirectional model had a linear reciprocating motion with a 10 mm stroke, the multidirectional model had a reciprocating motion with a 10 mm stroke and simultaneous rotation of +/- 7.5 degrees. Six specimens of GUR415 polyethylene were tested for each model, sliding on polished cobalt chrome counterfaces with Ra < 0.01 micron in 25% bovine serum lubricant. The mean +/- STERR wear rates were: unidirectional 0.045 +/- 0.015 mm3/million cycles and multidirectional 0.44 +/- 0.15 mm3/million cycles. Applying the scaling factor of 5, the predicted wear rates in actual knee prostheses were: unidirectional 0.23 mm3/million cycles and multidirectional 2.2 mm3/million cycles. The order of magnitude increase in wear rate was statistically significant (p = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Jones
- Medical and Biological Engineering Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
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Jones VC, Charbonnier FM, Long P. Determining transthoracic impedance, delivered energy, and peak current during defibrillation episodes. Med Instrum 1981; 15:380-2. [PMID: 7339468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A simplified method has been developed to determine peak current, transthoracic impedance, and delivered energy during a damped sinusoidal defibrillation pulse. The discharge waveform information is generated from sampling the peak discharge current through a current transformer and measuring the voltage stored on the energy storage capacitor. For a given defibrillator circuit a unique relationship exists between the peak discharge current IM and the unknown external impedance Rext presented to the defibrillator by the patient; hence, measurement of IM allows calculation of Rext. A microprocessor-controlled algorithm provides delivered energy information using known internal resistance, capacitance, and inductance parameters. The benefit of this method of delivered energy calculation is that the current and voltage waveforms need not be digitized and then integrated to provide the desired information. This method also keeps defibrillation circuitry ground isolated and simplifies operation through the high electromagnetic fields generated during the discharge. The delivered energy information, along with time, date, and other patient parameters, is documented automatically with an annotation strip-chart recorder.
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